全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2013)(三)

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2010年第三季度国际经济观察

2010年第三季度国际经济观察

2010年第三季度国际经济观察2010-10-252010年三季度,各发达国家经济有复苏迹象。

但发达经济体虽然走上了经济复苏的道路,但未来经济仍面临许多不确定因素,确保金融稳定、继续巩固财政状况仍是各国下一季度经济工作的重点。

一、经济出现复苏迹象,未来前景仍需观察1.美国经济温和复苏随着2009年全球的V字反弹的结束,今年以来,美国的经济增速明显放缓。

三季度美国GDP增长2%,比二季度提升0.3个百分点,呈温和复苏态势。

其中,私人投资和政府投资仍然呈下滑态势;消费方面,消费者支出微幅上升,但消费者信心依然不高,消费者对价格依旧敏感,消费限于必需品;商品与服务的出口也继续下滑,但下降幅度在缩小。

图1:美国2007年以来GDP季度环比增长率单位:%资料来源:国研网国研数据图2:美国消费信贷指数单位:%资料来源:国研网国研数据8月份工业生产指数小幅回落至93.2,工业生产同比增速继续下滑,工业部门扩张力度放缓。

制造业PMI连续第四个月的下滑,但非制造业PMI回升,服务业表现较制造业为佳。

美国产能利用率依然不高,目前仅为危机前水平的85%左右。

订单方面,耐用品订单下滑幅度超过全部工业品订单的降幅,耐用品工业生产未来依然低迷,工业增速在此影响下将继续回落。

图3:美国GDP、消费、投资和出口折年率季度同比增长单位:%资料来源:国研网国研数据从产能利用率来看,相较于二季度,三季度美国各月的产能利用率有所提高,但与1972-2009年的均值相比较,仍有较大差距,说明美国经济仍未完全复苏。

图4:2010年美国产能利用率对比资料来源:国研网国研数据尽管美国三季度经济增长数据好过预期,但市场仍然担心,经济复苏能否得以延续。

根据美国劳工部公布的最新数据显示,2010年9月,美国失业率仍然维持在9.6%的高位,9月份政府部门总就业人数减少159,000人,降幅最大。

这其中不仅包括联邦政府解雇的77,000名人口普查员,还包括州及地方政府因预算压力而裁减的76,000名雇员。

2010年世界人口状况报告(最终五篇)

2010年世界人口状况报告(最终五篇)

2010年世界人口状况报告(最终五篇)第一篇:2010年世界人口状况报告2010年世界人口状况报告》预测,到2050年,世界人口将超过90亿,人口过亿的国家将增至17个,印度将取代中国成为世界人口第一大国。

报告显示,到2050年世界人口将增至91.5亿,比目前增加22.41亿。

其中非洲地区人口将从现在的10.33亿增至19.85亿,增幅最大;亚洲地区的人口也将有较大幅度的增长,将从目前的41.67亿增至52.32亿;而欧洲人口将从目前的7.33亿减至6.91亿,将是唯一人口减少的大洲。

报告说,目前全世界共有11个国家人口过亿。

其中中国人口最多,达到13.54亿,其次为人口12.15亿的印度。

其他人口过亿的国家依次为美国、印度尼西亚、巴西、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、尼日利亚、俄罗斯、日本和墨西哥。

报告预测,到2050年时,刚果(金)、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚这4个非洲国家以及亚洲的菲律宾和越南也将人口过亿。

届时,印度的人口将增至16.14亿,成为世界第一人口大国;中国人口将增至14.17亿,退居第二。

目前,世界人口总数为69.09亿,其中只有12.37亿人生活在较发达地区。

2011年《新兴经济体蓝皮书》在京发布年新兴经济体蓝皮书》2011年04月07日 14:26 来源:中国经济网 [我要发表评论] [推荐朋友] [打印本稿]中国经济网北京4月7日讯(记者陈郁)中国经济网记者了解到,社科文献出版社今天在京举办了“金砖国家崛起与全球发展及治理”研讨暨2011年《新兴经济体蓝皮书》发布会。

会议探讨了新兴经济体的发展变化规律和全球发展与治理变革的新趋势,并正式发布了新兴经济体蓝皮书《金砖国家经济社会发展报告(2011)》。

金砖国家赶超发达国家势头明显整体平均增长率超8%,远高于发达国家整体平均增长率超,远高于发达国家2.6%的平均增长率的平均增长率蓝皮书指出,近十多年来,金砖国家发展迅速:经济增长速度较快,经济规模世界排位提升,对发达国家赶超效果明显;对世界经济增长贡献率提高、国际经济影响力提升等。

2013年人类发展报告

2013年人类发展报告

韩国印度两国未来人口教育情况对比
韩国印度两国未来人口教育情况对比
韩国教育迅速崛起
• 20世纪50年代,大多数适龄儿童没 有接受过正规教育。今天,韩国年 轻女性的教育情况位居世界前列, 她们中有一半以上完成了大学教育 。因此,未来韩国老人的教育程度 较之今天具有显著提高(见下图) ,鉴于教育和 健康之间的正相关关系,未来韩国 老人很可能健康程度更高。 •
二、更全球化的南方国家
• 人类的发展,南方的崛起,中国的角色 • 人类发展现状 • 南方国家的崛起
• 中国的角色与地位
人类发展现状
• 通过2012年人类发展指数可以看出人类发展取得了很大进 步。在过去几十年间,世界上许多国家都在向着更高的人 类发展水平迈进。其中,人类发展指数处于中低水平的国 家进步最快。
以人类发展指数差距的减小值为衡量依据右中国在人类发展指数差距方面的减小值超过了超过了除韩国和伊朗以外的所有国家发展型政府采取的方式追求通过管理相对优势来解决协调问题和外部效应的产业政策1975年日本便认识到南南合作和三方合作的价值在1964年成为经济合作与发展组织的第一个亚洲成员国从受捐国完全成为一个捐助国融入全球市场南方国家的共同特点是融入全球市场的同时不断提高人们和企业的竞争力通过扩大其出口在世界市场的份额有力地把握住了全球化带来的机遇随着一些人口大国与世界经济联系的加深在制造业和服务业的结构多元化进程加快几十年的世界里帮助亿万人口摆脱贫困
三、发展转型的推动因素
• • • • 崛起的因素,面临的挑战,中国的步伐 南方国家崛起的推动因素 面临的挑战 中国的步伐
南方国家崛起的推动因素
• 推动因素1:积极主动的发展型政府 • 推动因素2:不断开发的全球市场 • 推动因素3:社会政策创新

卫生健康年鉴2015:全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2013)(三)

卫生健康年鉴2015:全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2013)(三)

1.1 58 57 57 59 94 25 2.7 2.3 2.7
2.6 38 31 31 32 48 -
5.7 4.9 5.2
0.7 34 33 33 33 72 -
2.5 2 1.9
1.5 38 38 39 45 78 -
4 3.2 3.1
0 100 100 -
100 83 -
3.5 3.1 2.9 -
132
133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143
144
国家
总人口(千 人)2013
0-14岁人 口%2013
60岁及以 上人 口%2013
利比里亚
4294
43
5
利比亚
6202
30
7
立陶宛
3017
15
21
卢森堡
530
17
19
马达加斯加 22925
42
5
马拉维
93 14220 15650 16270
1.8 40 41 42 43 93 84 2.8 1.8 2.3 -
8110 7430 7560
3.1 36 35 36 38 81 -
5.8 6.3 6.8
33 1030 1040 1140
0.4 95 95 95 95 100 100 1.6 1.3 1.4 -
-
89 6420 6560 7240
-
-
-
57 1210 1260 1470
41900 43140 43510
-
-
-
2790 3730 3890
720 720 760
61 2170 2290 2450

全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2016)(一)

全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2016)(一)

2.6
2.5
3.0
2.2
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
3.6
2.8
6.0
5.3
3.8
2.4
4.1
3.3
1.4
1.1
3.4
2.8
2.4
1.8
2.5
2.0
1.2
1.5
6.3
5.9
5.8
4.3
3.7
2.4
3.9
2.6
5.0
4.5
1.5
1.7
5.4
4.6
6.6
6.0
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.6
2.4
序列
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
国家
总人口(千
阿富汗 阿尔巴尼亚 阿尔及利亚 安道尔 安哥拉 安提瓜和巴布达 阿根廷 亚美尼亚 澳大利亚 奥地利 阿塞拜疆 巴哈马群岛 巴林群岛 孟加拉国 巴巴多斯岛 白俄罗斯 比利时 伯利兹 贝宁湾 不丹 玻利维亚 波黑 博茨瓦纳 巴西 文莱 保加利亚 布基纳法索 布隆迪 佛得角 柬埔寨 喀麦隆 加拿大 中非 乍得 智利 中国 哥伦比亚 科摩罗 刚果 库克岛 哥斯达黎加
17
1.3
70
70
71
24
0.5
74
73
73
13
0.6
60
60
60
5
2.8
35

3.1世界的人口

3.1世界的人口
中国 澳大利亚
998.5
约960 774.1
0.34
13.4 0.22
3.4
139.6 2.8
哪国人口最为稠密,哪国人口最为稀疏?
稀疏区
稠密区
讨论:
一个国家是人口越少、增 长越慢越有利于经济还是人口 越多、增长越快越有利于社会 经济发展?
人口太少产生的问题。如
劳动力短缺、 人口老龄化、 国防兵源不足、 抚养难度增加。
1.4% 1.0%
各大洲中人口自然增长最快的是 最慢的是
, 。
二、世界人口的分布
人口密度
平均每平方千米土地 居住的人口数量。 总人口 总面积
人口密度 =
单位: 人/千米²
国家 俄罗斯
陆地面积 2009年人 人口密度 (万千米²) 口数(亿人) (人/千米² ) 1709.8 1.42 8.3
加拿大Βιβλιοθήκη 为了控制人口增长过快,我国采取了什么人口
政策?
计划生育政策
读图完成下列相关问题。
① 、______ ② 、 (1)图中人口稠密的四个地区是______ ④ 、______ ⑤ 。(填数码) ______
读图完成下列相关问题。
(2)能不能用人口迁移的办法使世界各地人口平均分布? 简单说明其原因。
稠密区
C B A
亚洲东部 亚洲南部
欧洲西部 北美洲东部 南美洲东部
D
E
稠密区
C B
南北半球 纬度位置 海陆位置
45°N
A
7 °N
D
世界人口主要分布 在北半球中低纬度 沿海地区
E
稀疏区
干旱的荒漠 寒冷的极地
空气稀薄的高山高原 原始的热带雨林
• 人口急剧增长和人口长期负增长都会带来

2013年中国的人口和人力资源

2013年中国的人口和人力资源

中国的人口与人力资源一、中国人口概况及其基本特征中国人口众多,在世界各国中位居首位。

根据国家统计局公布的数据,截止2012年12月31日,中国大陆总人口(包括31个省、自治区、直辖市和中国人民解放军现役军人,不包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省以及海外华侨人数)13亿5404万人,比上年末增加669万人。

中国人口现状具有以下基本特征:1、人口总量大。

根据有关数据,截止到2012年12月31日,世界总人口为70.9亿,其中中国人口为13.54亿,占世界总人口的19.10%。

图表 1 2012年中国人口占世界人口百分比(右图)图表 2 2012年世界人口排名前十位的国家人口基本情况:246810121416中国印度美国巴西俄罗斯日本0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%图表 3 2012年世界部分主要国家人口及其占世界总人口的百分比2、新增人口多。

2012年,我国净增人口669万。

其中,出生人口1635万人,人口出生率为12.10‰,比上年提高0.17个千分点;死亡人口966万人,人口死亡率为7.15‰,比上年提高0.01个千分点;人口自然增长率为4.95‰,比上年提高0.16个千分点。

3、人口素质偏低。

中国文盲人口依然众多,依据2010年第六次全国人口普查统计数据显示,中国文盲人口(15岁及以上不识字的人)达54656573人,占全国总人口的比重为4.08%。

每10万人中具有大学文化程度的为8930人;具有高中文化程度的为14032人;具有初中文化程度的为38788人;具有小学文化程度的为26779人。

大学生比例,中国与其他世界大国也存在很大差距。

罗斯拿大色列本国国大利亚国国图表 4 中国与世界部分国家大学生比例4、农村人口偏多,城市化率较低。

截止2012年底,我国城镇人口71182万人,乡村人口64222万人,城镇人口占总人口比重达到52.57%。

但相比于西方发达国家,我国农村人口依然偏多,城市化率较低。

人口社会学讲义 第二讲

人口社会学讲义 第二讲

5
6 7 8 9
巴西
巴基斯坦 孟加拉 尼日利亚 俄罗斯
1.95
1.85 1.64 1.58 1.40 1.27
2.83
2.67 2.38 2.29 2.03 1.84
2.0
4.0 2.5 5.7 1.5 1.4
5
6 7 8 9 10
尼日利亚
印度尼西亚 孟加拉 巴西 埃塞俄比亚 刚果
2.89
2.88 2.23 2.19 1.74 1.48
年份
农业社会时期人口年平均增长率
增长率(%)
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -12000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000
年份
工业社会时期人口增长特点
世界人口增长从工业革命开始才具有显著 意义。工业革命后的人口增长可分为两个阶 段 第一阶段,欧洲人口膨胀 (1650-1950) 由于食物来源稳定以及公共卫生和医学的 发展,欧洲国家的死亡率逐渐下降,人口增 长率随之上升。 第二阶段,发展中国家人口膨胀(1950年后) 世界人口进入了爆炸性的增长阶段。

间接来源
不是以专门提供人口数据为目的,但是包括有关 人口信息的来源。如国民经济、社会各部门的统计 报表,调查报告、劳动人事部门劳动力统计资料, 卫生部门的生育手术记录等。
率(‰)
数据来源:联合国1970世界人口,1971第三表,联合国1970-1975年 《部分地区和国家人口指标》及历年世界人口数据表
1750 1800 1850 1900 1910 1920 1930 1950 1960 1970 1982 1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009

2010世界人口数据表

2010世界人口数据表

2010Da tI n f o r m | e m p o w e r | a D va n c e | w w w.p r b.o rgMost PoPulous Countries , 2010 and 205020102050Country PoPulation (millions)India 1,748 China 1,437 United States 423 Pakistan 335 Nigeria 326 Indonesia 309 Bangladesh 222 Brazil 215 Ethiopia174 Congo, Dem. Rep.166Country PoPulation (millions)China 1,338 India 1,189 United States 310 Indonesia 235 Brazil 193 Pakistan 185 Bangladesh 164 Nigeria 158 Russia 142 Japan127Countries With the Youngest and oldest PoPulations, 2010younGEst % aGEs <15Niger 50.1Uganda 48.7Burkina Faso 46.4Congo, Dem. Rep.46.4Zambia 46.2Malawi 45.9Afghanistan 45.9Chad 45.6Somalia 44.9Tanzania44.7PoPulation CloCk , 2010WorlDmorE DEvEloPEDCountriEslEss DEvEloPEDCountriEsPopulation6,892,319,000 1,236,646,0005,655,673,000 Births perYear140,184,16914,215,211125,968,959Day 384,06638,946345,120Minute 26727240Deaths perYear56,907,60612,125,05544,782,552 Day 155,91133,219122,692Minute1082385Natural increase (births-deaths) perYear 83,276,563 2,090,15681,186,407 Day 228,1555,726222,429Minute 158 4 154 Infant deaths perYear6,383,531 80,133 6,303,398 Day 17,489220 17,270Minute120.212olDEst % aGEs 65+Japan 22.6Germany 20.5Italy 20.4Sweden 18.3Greece 18.3Portugal 17.9Bulgaria 17.6Austria 17.6Latvia 17.4Belgium17.4Today, Global Population Adds Another Billion at Record Rates.at some point around 1800, after untold millennia of human history, global population reached its first billion. the world’s population now grows by 1 billion about every 12 years. the 20th century began with 1.6 billion and, at the end of that century, those two numbers had simply reversed to 6.1 billion. if birth rates continue to decline in developing countries, the increase to 8 billion could take slightly longer.First BillionSecondThird Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth S ource : Population Reference Bureau estimates and projections; and un Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).As Developed Countries Undergo Aging and Little Growth inPopulation Size, Developing Countries Remain Young and Growing.the population “pyramid” of the developed countries clearly shows the decline in the number of young people as a result of low birth rates. the two pyramids provide a comparable picture of the developed and developing countries in the size of their respective populations andS ource : un Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).AgePopulation (millions), 2010Age Population (millions), 2010DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIESage structure. in somedeveloped countries, the size of the youngest age group is barely more than half that of their parents’ age group. When the two population pyramids are compared, it is obviousthat virtually all futureworld population growthwill take place in thedeveloping countries. Butthe amount of growth these countries will expe-rience depends upon the degree to which couples in those countries choose to reduce family size and have access to family planning services.The Number of Working-Age Adults Available to Support an Older Person Is Declining Globally but Still Varies Substantially From Country to Country.Population aging puts pressure on a society’s ability to support its elderly citizens. A commonly used indicator of this pressure is the elderly support ratio, calculated as the number of working-age people ages 15 to 64 divided by the number of persons 65 or older. This ratioserves as a rough indicator of the number of potential providers of support per potential elderly dependent. In 1950, there were 12 working-age people for every elderly person in the world. By 2010, this ratio had declined to 9, with the largest decline occurring in more developed countries. But the ratios still vary substantially across countries. In 24 countries, mostly in Europe, there are fewer than 5 working-age people for every elderly person. The ratio is lowest in Japan, Italy, and Germany—at 3. The ratio is above 25 in seven countries, principally in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. By 2050, the ratio for the world is projected to decline by more than one-half—to 4, and Japan will have the lowest ratio of only 1 working-age adult per elderly person. The elderly support ratio will be below 5 in more than half of the world’s countries. By 2050, no country will have a ratio above 20.Less than 5Elderly Support Ratio (2010)Elderly Support Ratio (2050)Country ratioNiger 19Uganda 16Guatemala 7Pakistan 7Egypt 5India 5Morocco 4United States 3Mexico 3China 3France 2Japan1S ource : UN Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (2009).the number of people age 65 or older in the united States will more than double from 40 million in 2010 to 89 million by 2050. Spending on Social Security and Medicare is projected to increase dramatically between now and 2050 as the number of people receiving benefits grows. the magnitude of this increased spending is illustrated by comparing the projected costs of these two programs with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which measures the total output of the u.S. economy. in 1970, spending on Social Security and Medicaretotaled only about 4 percent of GDP , while by 2010 this share had risen to more than 8 percent of GDP . By 2030, Medicare expenditures12345678910Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP Spending as a Percentage of GDP201020302050Social Security 4.9 6.1 5.8Medicare 3.5 6.48.7Total8.4%12.5%14.5%As the U.S. Population Ages, Spending on Entitlement Programs Such as Social Security and Medicare Will Rise Sharply.S ource : u.S. Social Security administration, A Summary of the 2009 Annual Social Security and Medicare Trust Fund Reports (2009).Worldwide, 40 percent of the population, or more than 2.6 billion people, lack one of life’s basic needs: an adequate sanitation facility, defined as one that hygienically separates sewage from human contact. there are wide regional and rural-urban disparities, and theSub-Saharan AfricaPercent of Population Who Use Improved Sanitation (2008)South Central Asia East AsiaLatin America/Caribbean Southeast AsiaWestern Asia More DevelopedCountriesIn Many Parts of the World, Rural Populations Still Lack Adequate Sanitation.S ource : Regional estimates calculated by PRB based on data from the WHo/unicef Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.are projected to exceed thosefor Social Security; by 2050, totalspending on these two programs is projected to reach almost 15 percentof GDP . the rapid growth in Medicare spending will be fueled by the risingcost and use of health care services, in addition to the increase in the number of people receiving benefits.bulk of the underserved livein rural areas of developingcountries. Much of the worldis making little progress toward meeting the MillenniumDevelopment Goal target tohalve the proportion of theworld’s population withoutaccess to basic sanitation by 2015. at the currentpace, the world will miss theMDG target for improvedsanitation by 13 percentagepoints: approximately 1 billionpeople who are targeted forimprovement will still lackaccess.NOTES(—) Indicates data unavailable or inapplicable.a Infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Ratesshown with decimals indicate national sta-tistics reported as completely registered,while those without are estimates fromthe sources cited on reverse. Rates shown in italics are based upon fewer than 50annual infant deaths and, as a result, aresubject to considerable yearly variability.b Average number of children born to awoman during her lifetime.c The number of people of “working age”(15-64), divided by those ages 65+.d The status of Western Sahara is disputedby Morocco.e Special Administrative Region.f Kosovo declared independence fromSerbia on Feb. 17, 2008. Serbia has notrecognized Kosovo’s independence.g The former Yugoslav Republic.h Includes Kosovo.* Data prior to 2004 are shown in italics.For additional notes and sources, see reverse side.Data prepared by PRB demographer Carl Haub.© July 2010. Population Reference Bureau.All rights reserved.ACkNOWLEDGMENTSThe author gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance of PRB staff members Donna Clifton, Jennay Ghowrwal, Toshiko Kaneda, Mary Mederios Kent, Kata Fustos, and Will Thompson; staff of the Interna-tional Programs Center of the U.S. Census Bureau; the United Nations (UN) Population Division; the Institut national d’etudesdémographiques (INED), Paris; and the World Bank in the preparation of this year’s World Population Data Sheet. This publication is funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement GPO-A-00-03-00004-00), and supporters. The information in this Data Sheet was not provided by and does not represent the views of the United States government or the U.S. Agencyfor International Development.NOTESThe Data Sheet lists all geopolitical entities with populations of 150,000 or more and all members of the UN. These include sovereign states, dependencies, overseas departments, and some territories whose status or boundaries may be undetermined or in dispute. More developed regions, following the UN classification, comprise all of Europe and North America, plus Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. All other regions and countries are classified as less developed. The least developed countries consist of 49 countries with especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators. The criteria and list of countries, as defined by the United Nations, can be found at /en/ldc/.Sub-Saharan Africa: All countries of Africa except the northern African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara.World and Regional Totals: Regional population totals are independently rounded and include small countries or areas not shown. Regional and world rates and per-centages are weighted averages of countries for which data are available; regional aver-ages are shown when data or estimates are available for at least three-quarters of the region’s population.World Population Data Sheets from different years should not be used as a time series. Fluctuations in values from year to year often reflect revisions based on new data or estimates rather than actual changes in levels. Additional information on likely trends and consistent time series can be obtained from PRB, and are also available in UN and U.S. Census Bureau publications and websites.SOURCESThe rates and figures are primarily compiledfrom the following sources: official countrystatistical yearbooks, bulletins, and websites;United Nations Demographic Yearbook, 2007of the UN Statistics Division; World PopulationProspects: The 2008 Revision of the UNPopulation Division; and the InternationalData Base of the International ProgramsCenter, U.S. Census Bureau. Other sourcesinclude recent demographic surveys suchas the Demographic and Health Surveys,Reproductive Health Surveys, special studies,and direct communication with demographersand statistical bureaus in the United Statesand abroad. Specific data sources may beobtained by contacting the author of the2010 World Population Data Sheet. Forcountries with complete registration of birthsand deaths, rates are those most recentlyreported. For more developed countries,nearly all vital rates refer to 2009 or 2008.DEFINITIONSMid-2010 PopulationEstimates are based on a recent census;official national data; or PRB, UN, and U.S.Census Bureau projections. The effectsof refugee movements, large numbers offoreign workers, and population shifts due tocontemporary political events are taken intoaccount to the extent possible.Birth and Death RateThe annual number of births and deathsper 1,000 total population. These rates areoften referred to as “crude rates” since theydo not take a population’s age structure intoaccount. Thus, crude death rates in moredeveloped countries, with a relatively largeproportion of high-mortality older population,are often higher than those in less developedcountries with lower life expectancy.Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)The birth rate minus the death rate, implying theannual rate of population growth without regardfor migration. Expressed as a percentage.Net MigrationThe estimated rate of net immigration(immigration minus emigration) per 1,000population for a recent year based uponthe official national rate or derived as aresidual from estimated birth, death, andpopulation growth rates. Migration ratescan vary substantially from year to year forany particular country, as can the definitionof an immigrant.2050 Population as a Multiple of 2010Projected populations based upon reason-able assumptions on the future course offertility, mortality, and migration. Projectionsare based upon official country projections,series issued by the UN or the U.S. CensusBureau, or PRB projections.Infant Mortality RateThe annual number of deaths of infants underage 1 per 1,000 live births. Rates shown withdecimals indicate national statistics reportedas completely registered, while those withoutare estimates from the sources cited above.Rates shown in italics are based upon fewerthan 50 annual infant deaths and, as a result,are subject to considerable yearly variability.Total Fertility Rate (TFR)The average number of children a womanwould have assuming that currentage-specific birth rates remain constantthroughout her childbearing years (usuallyconsidered to be ages 15-49).Population Under Age 15/Age 65+The percentage of the total population inthese ages, which are often considered the“dependent ages.”Elderly Support RatioThe number of working-age people ages15-64 divided by the number of persons 65or older, indicating levels of potential societalsupport available for the elderly.Life Expectancy at BirthThe average number of years a newborninfant can expect to live under currentmortality levels.Percent UrbanPercentage of the total population livingin areas termed “urban” by that country.Countries define urban in many differentways, from population centers of 100 ormore dwellings to only the population livingin national and provincial capitals.Prevalence of HIV/AIDSThe estimated percentage of adults ages15-49 living with HIV/AIDS. Most figures arefrom UNAIDS’ 2008 Report on the GlobalAIDS Epidemic. Figures are updated withdata from Demographic and Health Surveyswhere available. Some regional averageswere calculated by PRB.Contraceptive UseThe percentage of currently married or“in-union” women of reproductive agewho are using any form of contraception.“Modern” methods include clinic and supplymethods such as the pill, IUD, condom, andsterilization. Data are from the most recentlyavailable national-level surveys, such asDemographic and Health Surveys, Repro-ductive Health Surveys, Multiple IndicatorCluster Surveys, regional survey programs,national surveys, and the UN PopulationDivision World Contraceptive Use 2009.For more developed countries, data refer tosome point in the 1990s and early 2000s;and for less developed countries, from 1995.Data prior to 2004 are shown in italics.GNI PPP per Capita, 2008 (US$)GNI PPP per capita is gross national incomein purchasing power parity (PPP) divided bymidyear population. GNI PPP refers to grossnational income converted to “international”dollars using a purchasing power parity con-version factor. International dollars indicatethe amount of goods and services one couldbuy in the United States with a given amountof money. Data are from the World Bank.Figures in italics are for 2006 or 2007.Mobile Phone Subscribers per 100InhabitantsData are from the International Telecommu-nications Union, Measuring the InformationSociety 2010 (www.itu.int).Percent of Population Who UseImproved SanitationFor monitoring Millennium DevelopmentGoals, an improved sanitation facility isdefined as one that hygienically separatessewage from human contact. Data are fromWHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programmefor Water Supply and Sanitation (www./datamining/tables.html).Acknowledgments, Notes, Sources, and Definitions1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009 USAtel. 202-483-1100 | fax 202-328-3937 | e-mail: popref@ | website: if you value the PrB’s World Population Data Sheet and are among the tens of thousands of people who eagerly anticipate its publication each year, please consider making a contribution to PrB. Your donation will help ensure that PrB can maintain its commitment to keeping the Data Sheet as affordable as possible. Visit our website to donate now: .inForMPRB informs people around the world about issues related to population, health, and the environment. to do this, we transform technical data and research into accurate, easy-to-understand information.innovativE tools. Datafinder is a PRB searchable database of 133 population, health, and environment variables for all countries of the world. a separate u.S. database includes 579 social, economic, and demographic variables for each state and the District of columbia. influEntial rEPorts. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Data and Trends—Update 2010 is a new and unique data sheet that highlights fGM/c data and information for 27 countries. this publication is useful tothose working for the abandonment of fGM/c and for the improvement of women’s repro-ductive health.unbiasED PoliCy anal ysis. for more than 20 years, PRB has hosted a monthly seminar series focused on the policy implica-tions of population issues including neglected tropical diseases, climate change and mortality, and HiV/aiDS.onlinE rEsourCEs. PRB’s websiteoffers full text of all PRB publications, including our respected Population Bulletins , and web-exclusive data and analysis on world issues ranging from aging to family planning.eMPoWerPRB empowers people—researchers, journal-ists, policymakers, and educators—to use information about population, health, and the environment to encourage action. frequently, people have information but lack the toolsneeded to communicate effectively to decision-makers. PRB builds coalitions and conducts trainings to share techniques to inform policy. Journalist nEtWorks. PRB builds the capacity of journalists from developing countries through seminars and study tours. We organized several study tours for journalists in uganda, Kenya, tanzania, and Mali to visit projects and the people they affect.PoliCy CommuniCations traininG. in the past decade, PRB has trained more than 800 professionals in asia, africa, and latin amer-ica. for example, we sponsored two workshops with Kenya’s national coordinating agency for Population and Development, training local and regional policymakers, program managers, and advocates.Data WorkshoPs. PRB’s data workshops and online training assist the annie e. casey foundation’s KiDS count network in using vital data about the status of children in the united States. Participants take away the knowledge needed to access data about their particular state and communicate with policymakers.adVanCePRB works to advance the well-being of current and future generations. toward that end, we analyze data and research, disseminate informa-tion, and empower people to use that informa-tion to inform policymaking. While the numbers of publications created or workshops conducted are one way to measure PRB’s work, the cre-ation of evidence-based policies, increaseddemand for health services, and active coalitions are better gauges of progress toward positive social change.EviDEnCE-basED PoliCiEs. PRB pro-vides analysis for the KiDS count Data Book, an annual report card on the well-being of children and families in the united States. the Data Book has helped promote the passage of several u.S. policies, including the State children’s Health insurance Program.DEmanD for hEal th sErviCEs. an article written after one study tour for journalists in Kenya led to a steep increase in vasectomies in western Kenya. Seminars for journalists in West africa increased coverage of contraceptive supply problems, prompting government action in Senegal.aCtivE Coalitions. PRB works with the east africa Population, Health, and environment network to increase information sharing across the region. the afRicaPHe online discussion group improves access to information andcapacity-building and funding opportunities.。

人口经济学的发展历程

人口经济学的发展历程

人口经济学的发展历程季明敏【摘要】介绍人口经济学产生和提出的背景及其发展历程以及在中国的发展,剖析当代人口经济学面临的问题,展望人口经济学在中国的发展前景.【期刊名称】《重庆与世界(学术版)》【年(卷),期】2013(030)011【总页数】3页(P34-36)【关键词】人口经济学;发展历程;人口理论【作者】季明敏【作者单位】江苏省委党校经济学教研部,南京210013【正文语种】中文【中图分类】F240一、人口经济学的形成历程人口经济学(populationeics)作为一门新兴的边缘学科,主要是考察人口变动对经济增长或经济发展的影响,同时研究人口变动的经济因素以及人口现象和经济现象的相互关系等等。

一般来说,人口经济学属于应用经济学的范畴。

(一)人口经济学的产生和提出人口经济学作为一门新兴学科是在二次世界大战以后,1970年代初诞生的。

不过,由于人口经济问题的历史久远性,经济学家对人口与经济相互关系的探讨,可以追溯到18世纪下半叶。

古典经济学派的集大成者亚当·斯密(AdamSmith)提出,经济发展的动因是人口绝对水准的增长,通过“分工的利益”影响劳动生产性。

他在1776年发表的《国富论》中曾明确地指出“一国的繁荣而言,最明确的标识是居民人数的增长”,人口增长是经济发展的重要因素。

古典经济学派的代表人物大卫·李嘉图(Davld-Rieardo)在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中论说,人口增长对经济发展而言,以收益递减法则的作用为前提,随着投人一定土地的人口增加,由土地集约的耕作和优良地向劣等地的移转,因而增加资本并不能提高生产率,反而使报酬呈现减退的倾向。

即使说生产超过人口的增长,也是不能永远持续稳定地增长。

“是因为人口增长常常是持续的,而土地的数量有限,质量又有差民,在土地上按照比例关系投人资本的各种增加部分使生产率减退”,从而产生了人口压力。

总之,亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图等经济学家,从经济学的角度来研究人口问题,从而使人口论在经济学中开始获得一定地位。

全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2013)(一)

全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2013)(一)

30 25 >90
79 2.7 2.1 2.1
99 20240 17900 18920 20070
93 92
100
100 2.5 2.2 2.2
98 15570 17130 -
-
64 63
100
76 1.7 1.7 1.7
100 5660 6100 8820 8140
89 89
100
100 1.8 1.9 1.9 -
5.8 4.3
6
67
400
610
550
820
63 64
91 -
3.7 2.4 2.3
85 3820 3980 4930 6220
20 20
62 -
3.9 2.6 2.9
74 2080 2230 2330 2890
53 53
61 -
5 4.5 4.8
71 2270 2330 2270 2660
81 82
24 巴西
200362
24
11
1 87 85
25 文莱
418
25
8
1.7 76 76
26 保加利亚
7223
14
26
-0.8 71 73
27 布基纳法索
16935
46
4
2.9 26 27
28 布隆迪
10163
44
4
3.4 11 11
29 佛得角
499
30
7
0.7 61 63
30 柬埔寨
15135
31
8
67 68
76 -
4.1 3.3 3.2
91 4640 4890 4880 5750

国民经济统计学第三章

国民经济统计学第三章



要求就 劳动 押
加社 社会



业者 能力 犯
会劳 劳动



的人 人
动的 的人


人口 口
经济活动人口(民用劳动力)
非经济活动人口
劳动适龄人口
现 役 军 人
军用 劳动 力
2.劳动力资源构成和利用统计 2.1 劳动力的地区、教育程度、性别、部门构成 2.2 就业率、失业率。 ●就业率=就业人数/(就业人数+失业人数) ●失业率=失业人数/(就业人数+失业人数) 就业率和失业率也可按照经济活动人口口径计算。
我国人口普查规定:在某地居住半年以上,或居住虽 然不满半年但已离开常住户口登记地半年以上为常住。 我国核算体系中,不包括虽然居住在统计范围地域内, 但未取得居住国国籍的外国公民。
1.3 现有人口:一般指在人口调查的时点上居住在本地的 人口。 现有人口=常住人口-临时外出人口+临时寄居人口 一般来讲,研究地区人口发展与该地区社会经济发展 之间的关系时,大多用常住人口;研究一个地区的交通、 商品市场、旅游旅馆等服务业的发展时,大多用现有人 口。
=1984.3万人 (3)社会劳动者人数(就业人数)=1984.3+20+5=2009.3万人 (4)失业人数=12万人 (5)劳动力资源总数=2009.3+12+390+10+3=2424.3万人
lx =lx-1-dx-1 ;
Lx =(lx+lx+1)/2;
Tx=Lx+Tx+1 ;
e0x =Tx/lx
3.人口增长与生产、消费增长关系的统计分析 (1)计算平均每人的产品产量、产值或国民收 入等指标,并做动态比较。 如:人均国内生产总值 (2)针对人口数和产品产量、产值或国民收入 等指标,分别计算各年的或年平均的发展速度, 并把两者进行比较。 如:超前系数=产品生产方面的发展速度/人口方 面的发展速度 (3)计算人均消费水平和人均主要消费品数量, 并做动态比较。 如:人均某耐用品拥有量、人均居住面积

人口社会学讲义PPT学习教案

人口社会学讲义PPT学习教案
第11页/共87页
人口年龄金字塔
用人口年龄金字塔描述人口年龄结构有三种基本 类型:
➢ 增长型:年轻组人口比重大,塔型上窄下宽,呈 锥型
➢ 稳定型:除老年组以外,其他年龄组人口比重差 别不大,塔呈桶型
➢ 缩减型:中年人口比重较大,年轻人口较少,塔 底收缩,下窄上宽。
第12页/共87页
第13页/共87页
在年龄结构老龄化的国家或地区, 第23页/共87页 由于老年人口比例的不断增大, 通常粗死亡率也会上升。
人口红利(Demographic Window of Opportunity/Demographic Bonus)
在人口转变的后一阶段,易出现人口老龄化倾向。 由于出生率下降速度和人口老龄化速度不是同步 发生的,前者先于后者发生,前者与后者也是原 因和结果的关系。
第5页/共87页
为了便于与发达国家作比较,1982年,在联合国“老 龄问题世界大会”上,将老年年龄的界限定义为60岁。 目前国际通用的是以60岁或65岁作为标准。
就中国而言,我国的法定退休年龄也规定为年满60岁, 因此60岁成为国内中国社会普遍认定,学术界普遍使 用的老年人群划分标准。
争论:年龄标准的调整?
50岁及以上 10 17 30
第7页/共87页
人口年龄金字塔
人口年龄金字塔是对人口年龄结构的形象描 述,是研究人口年龄结构的常用手段。
人口年龄金字塔计算方法:以总人口为分母, 以各年龄或者年龄组的分性别人口为分子,求得男 女两性各年龄或者年龄组人口占总人口的百分比。
第8页/共87页
人口年龄金字塔
年龄结构与经济发展
第26页/共87页
年龄结构与住房供给
第27页/共87页
人口老龄化
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56 930 970 1000 1040
33 33
72 -
2.5
2 1.9
93 1950 -
-
-
39 45
78 -
4 3.2 3.1
89 6420 6560 7240 9590
-
100
83 -
3.5 3.1 2.9 -
-
-
-
-
17 18
42 -
4 2.7 2.3
57 1210 1260 1470 2260
100 卢森堡
530
17
19
1.7 85 85
101 马达加斯加
22925
42
5
2.8 30 33
102 马拉维
16363
45
5
2.9 20 16
103 马来西亚
29717
26
9
1.8 72 73
104 马尔代夫
345
29
7
1.8 40 41
105 马里
15302
47
4
3.1 36 35
106 马耳他
18
24
1.4 100 100
113 蒙古
2839
27
6
1.4 62 69
114 黑山
621
19
19
0.1 61 63
115 摩洛哥
33008
28
8
1.1 58 57
116 莫桑比克
25834
45
5
2.6 38 31
117 緬甸
53259
25
8
0.7 34 33
118 纳米比亚
2303
36
5
1.5 38 38
44
5
2.7 50 50
126 纽埃岛
1
30
9
-2.7 38 38
127 挪威
5043
19
22
1 79 79
128 阿曼
3632
23
4
4.2 73 73
129 巴基斯坦
182143
34
7
1.8 36 36
130 帕劳群岛
21
30
9
0.6 83 84
131 巴拿马
3864
28
10
1.8 75 75
132 巴布亚新几内亚
摘编自《中国卫生
全世界历年人口与社会经济统计(2010-2013)(三)
城镇人口%
生命登记覆盖人口%2007-2013
2012 2013 出生
死亡
总和生育率 成人识字率(%)2007-2012
2000 2010 2013
人均国民收入(美元.购买力平价) 2010 2011 2012 2013
49 49
910
50 46
30 -
5.9 5.5
6
61 2170 2290 2450 5360
-
41 >90
-
----
-
-
-
-
80 80
100
100 1.8 1.9 1.9 -
56830 61460 66960 66520
74 77 -
87 4.4 2.3 2.9
87 -
-
-
-
37 38
34 -
4.7 3.4 3.2
429
15
24
0.4 95 95
107 马歇尔群岛
53
30
9
0.1 72 72
108 毛利塔尼亚
3890
40
5
2.1 41 41
109 毛里求斯
1244
20
14
0.3 42 42
110 墨西哥
122332
29
10
1.2 78 78
111 密克罗尼西亚
104
35
7
-0.3 23 23
112 摩纳哥
38
42 40 >90
100
2 1.6 1.5
89 13960 14330 15060 17220
78 79
93
99 2.5 2.3 2.2
94 14290 15390 16450 16110
23 22 -
-
4.3 3.5 3.3 -
3490 3580 3920 3840
-
100 -
>80
1.2 1.5 1.5 -
99 3360 3640 3630 5190
53 54 >90
100 1.3 1.4 1.4
98 14060 15120 16860 18060
74 74 >90
100 1.2 1.5 1.5
100 19190 20560 22720 23200
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
19 27
63 -
5.9 5.4 4.5
-
32 -
79 2.2 1.8 1.8 -
119 瑙鲁
10
30
9
0 100 100
120 尼泊尔
27797
35
8
1.3 19 17
121 荷兰
16759
17
23
0.4 83 83
122 新西兰
4506
20
19
1.1 86 86
123 尼加拉瓜
6080
33
7
1.3 57 58
124 尼日尔
17831
50
4
3.8 17 18
125 尼日利亚
173615
139 韩国
49263
15
17
0.6 83 83
140 摩尔多瓦
3487
17
17
-1.1 47 48
141 罗马尼亚
21699
15
21
-0.2 57 53
142 俄罗斯
142834
16
19
-0.1 73 74
143 卢旺达
11777
43
4
144 圣基茨和尼维斯
54
26
13
2.5 19 19 1.3 32 32
62 62
100
100 1.4 1.3 1.3
95 24760 24440 24770 25360
99 99 >90
77 3.1 2.3 2
96 -
86440 -
123860
83 82 >90
99 1.4 1.3 1.3 -
29010 30370 30970 33440
48 45
100
90 1.6 1.5 1.5
全世界历年人口与社
序列 国家
总人口(千人)2013 0-14岁人口%2013 60岁及以上人口%2013 人口年增长率(%)2003-2013
城镇人口% 2010 2011
97 利比里亚
4294
43
5
3.2 48 48
98 利比亚
6202
30
7
1.3 78 78
99 立陶宛
3017
15
21
-1.1 67 67
33 34
83 -
5.6 4.7 4.5
65 960 950 930 1350
16 16
2-
6.2
6 5.4
61 850 870 730
750
73 73 >90
56
3 2.6
2
93 14220 15650 16270 22460
42 43
93
84 2.8 1.8 2.3 -
8110 7430 7560 9890
摘编自《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴2015》
66 1150 1270 1320 15850 16470 17630
1430 20400
日均<1美元(购买力平价)人口%2007-2013
<2.0 -
<2.0 -
-
<2.0 <2.0 <2.0
-
-
<2.0 -
<2.0 -
-
-
<2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0
76
81 3.7 3 2.9
94 5050 5390 5720 7640
78 78
96
69 2.9 2.5 2.4
90 8930 9440 10090 11360
49 45
90
90 3.5 3.1 3
95 3980 4140 4380 7820
61 61
100
100 1.3 1.4 1.4
100 19060 20430 21170 22300
4-
5.9 5.2 4.8
61 340 540 580
790
78 78 -
-
3.2 2.6 2.4
90 -
-
-
-
67 67
100
100 1.3 1.5 1.5
100 17870 19640 23560 24500
86 90 >90
100 1.7 1.6 1.7 -
61790 64260 60160 -
-
-
-
-
-
70
99
92 2.2 2.5 2.4
97 3670 4290 5020 8810
63 64 >90
100 1.8 1.7 1.7
99 12930 13700 14590 14600
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