形容词和副词的用法及专项训练题

形容词和副词的用法及专项训练题

英语王

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5516 更新时间：2006-6-12

14:35:08

形容词和副词的用法

一、形容词

1、形容词可分为两大类：描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关系等。除了these和those外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。

2、形容词的位置

修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下：

Example: that strong young Chinese swimmer

注意：形容词前有as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。

She is too kind a girl to refuse.

在下列情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后：

（1）名词之后的数量词＋名词＋old, long, wide等。

a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long

（2）为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。

He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.

（3）something, anything,everyone, anybody…＋形容词。

There′s nothing wrong with the electric cooker.

（4）作定语用的分词或形容词短语

The judge has talked to all the people involved.

3、“数词＋名词”构成的形容词

（1）数词＋名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。

（2）数词＋名词＋形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。

（3）名词（无冠词）＋基数词=the＋序数词＋名词，如

Unite 6=the Sixth Unite

（4）“数量词＋复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一个单位来表示。如果强调个别数，则须用复数动词。

Ten years is quite a long time to him.

Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents.

二、副词

1、副词的构成如下：

（1）本身就是副词，如very, now, there, quite等.

（2）有形容词后缀如-ly, 如happily, carefully等。

（3）有些副词与形容词同行，如early, high, long, fast, hard等。

注意：有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如manly, friendly, queenly 等。

2、副词的位置

（1）修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如

The scenery around here is very beautiful.

（2）always, never, often, sometimes, ususlly等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be动词后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。

He usually gets up early, but he got up late today.

I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him.

（3）有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地点（小地点＋大地点）→状态→次数→时间（单位小的时间＋单位大的时间）。

They arrived in Paris safely the other day.

(4)seldom, rarely, never等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be动词须放在主语的前面（也叫倒装句），如

Never did I hear such a funny story=I never heard such a funny story.

3、几个特殊副词的用法

（1）enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后；too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之前.

She speaks English well enough to be an interpreter.

It,s too hot a day to work.

但enough修饰名词时须置于名词之前.

Have you got enough money for this microwave oven?

（2）too…(for…)＋不定式（to），作“太…而不能”解；enough＋不定式，意思是“足够可以”，这一结构可转换成so…that结构。

The boy was still too young to go to school.

→He was so young that he could not go to school.

The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce.

→He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce.

(3)already用于肯定句，作“已经”解；yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解，still作“仍然”解。

I have already seen film.

Have you seen the film yet?

I still prefer tea to coffee.

（4）随着only和also在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。

Only Mr Li came to see me today.

Mr Li came to see only me today.

Mr Li came to see me only today.

三、形容词的比较等级

形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：

四、形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表