海上风电并网技术
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Need for reactive power compensation (at one end in case of shorter cables, at both ends in case of longer cables)
• 从经济可行性角度考虑，电缆长度应在80到100km之间
Economically feasible length limited to 80...100km
• 计划到2030年实现海上风场装机容量达到25 000MW
Planned installed offshore wind capacity around 25 000MW until 2030
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
Longer wind farm connections realized by HVDC-VSC links
• 现有的技术: Available technologies:
– HVDC-light (ABB)： 三电平,基于 IGBT的 变频器
Three-level, IGBT converters
13
自换向变频器– 多电平
来源: Siemens
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session 14
电压源型变频器 –多电平和两电平
Largest installed link for offshore wind applications: 400MW (Bard 1 wind farm)
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
风电场 3
Wind farm 1
深海侧
9
HVDC 电缆线路 HVDC Cables • 长距离的风电场并网使用HVDC-VSC技术
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
16
自换相/线换相变频器 Self/Line-Commutated Converters
多电平 Multi-Level
两电平 Two-Level
来源: Siemens
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session 15
VSC的无功功率容量 –轻型高压直流输电
– 12台5MW容量的风机 12 Wind Generators of the 5MW-class – 离海岸45km 45km distance from shore
• 首条基于电压源型变流器高压直流输电（HVDC-VSC）线路已经建成 (400 MW) ，并进入了测试阶段 (Borwind/Bard 1 风电场)
• 输电电缆长度由充电电流决定 Length of cable transfer limited by charging currents • 150kV/800mm^2 电缆: 1,6 Mvar/km
150kV/800mm^2 cable: 1,6 Mvar/km
• 需要无功补偿 (若电缆长度较短，可安装在一侧；若电缆长度较长，可 安装在两侧)
3
海上风力发电– 英国现状 • 目前，装机容量约1GW的海上风电场正在运行 (Round 1)
Currently, around 1 GW of installed offshore wind capacity in operation (Round 1)
• 预计 到2015年，将建成5 000 MW-7 500MW 海上风电场 (Round 1 和 Round 2 项目)
High Q consumption of both rectifier and inverter
与交流电网强度无关
Independent from the strength of AC network
短路容量对其运行的影响较大
Short-Circuit capacity of network is important for operation
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
4
风电场并网技术 Technologies for Wind Farm Connection
– HVDC-plus (Siemens)：多电平,基于 IGBT的 变频器
Multi-level, IGBT converters
• 现有额定容量可达1200MW
Rating up to 1200MW available
• 为海上风电场并网所安装的最大线路容量: 400MW (Bard 1 风电场)
海上风电并网技术
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Generation
Ing. Markus Pöller 博士 DIgSILENT GmbH
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
First HVDC-VSC connection (400 MW) has been constructed and is in testing phase (Borwind/Bard 1 wind farm)
• 一个容量为8 000 MW的海上风场正处于详细规划阶段
8 000 MW of offshore wind farms are in detailed planning stage
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
6
HVAC电缆线路
并联电抗器
Shunt Reactors
陆地侧
Land-side
深海侧
电缆线
around 200MVA capacity
离海岸较远的风电场(或者容量较大的风电场) Wind farms with higher distance from shore (or very high capacity): • 使用基于VSC的高压直流输电（HVDC-VSC）线路并网
Connection with HVDC-VSC cable
来源: ABB
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session 12
自换向变频器– 两电平
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
距离低于70...80km的海上风电场:
Wind farms with a distance <70...80km:
• 使用高压交流输电（HVAC）线路并网 Connection with HVAC cable • 标准技术: 150kV, 800m^2, 大约 200MVA 容量 Standard technology: 150kV, 800m^2,
自换相 Self-Commutated: • 可控制P，Q
Very good P and Q controllability
线换相Line-Commutated: • 只可控制P，Q随P的变化而变化
Only P controllability, Q resulting
• •
谐波含量低(开关频率高)
Low Harmonic contents (high switching frequency)
Cable
Sea-side
风电场
Wind farm
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
7
HVAC 电缆线路 HVAC Cables
• 标准技术: +/-150kV-DC, 可达500MW 容量
Standard technology: +/-150kV-DC, up to 500MW capacity
• 可行方案: +/-300kV-DC, 可达1200MW 容量
Available: +/-300kV-DC, up to 1200MW capacity
• • • • • •
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
谐波含量高，需要大的滤波器
High Harmonic contents, large filters required
Q可以由变频器控制/提供
Q can be controlled/provided by the converters
•
• • • •
整流器和逆变器都需要消耗大量无 功Q
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
5
海上风电场的并网
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms
Forecast 5 000 MW-7 500MW of offshore wind farms until 2015 (Round 1 and Round 2 projects)
• 在项目发展的各个阶段，将达到45 000 MW 装机容量(包括 Round 3 项 目).
Up to 45 000 MW in various stages of project development (including Round 3 projects).
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
8
使用HVDC-VSC技术并网
Land-side
Sea-side
风电场 2
风电场1
陆地侧
1
海上风电并网技术
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
2
海上风力发电– 德国现状
• 目前，有一个海上风电场已经投入运行:
Currently, there is 1 offshore wind park in operation:
10
HVDC-VSC 技术 HVDC-VSC Technology
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
11
VSC 技术 – 主要组成部件
• 从经济可行性角度考虑，电缆长度应在80到100km之间
Economically feasible length limited to 80...100km
• 计划到2030年实现海上风场装机容量达到25 000MW
Planned installed offshore wind capacity around 25 000MW until 2030
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
Longer wind farm connections realized by HVDC-VSC links
• 现有的技术: Available technologies:
– HVDC-light (ABB)： 三电平,基于 IGBT的 变频器
Three-level, IGBT converters
13
自换向变频器– 多电平
来源: Siemens
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session 14
电压源型变频器 –多电平和两电平
Largest installed link for offshore wind applications: 400MW (Bard 1 wind farm)
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
风电场 3
Wind farm 1
深海侧
9
HVDC 电缆线路 HVDC Cables • 长距离的风电场并网使用HVDC-VSC技术
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
16
自换相/线换相变频器 Self/Line-Commutated Converters
多电平 Multi-Level
两电平 Two-Level
来源: Siemens
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session 15
VSC的无功功率容量 –轻型高压直流输电
– 12台5MW容量的风机 12 Wind Generators of the 5MW-class – 离海岸45km 45km distance from shore
• 首条基于电压源型变流器高压直流输电（HVDC-VSC）线路已经建成 (400 MW) ，并进入了测试阶段 (Borwind/Bard 1 风电场)
• 输电电缆长度由充电电流决定 Length of cable transfer limited by charging currents • 150kV/800mm^2 电缆: 1,6 Mvar/km
150kV/800mm^2 cable: 1,6 Mvar/km
• 需要无功补偿 (若电缆长度较短，可安装在一侧；若电缆长度较长，可 安装在两侧)
3
海上风力发电– 英国现状 • 目前，装机容量约1GW的海上风电场正在运行 (Round 1)
Currently, around 1 GW of installed offshore wind capacity in operation (Round 1)
• 预计 到2015年，将建成5 000 MW-7 500MW 海上风电场 (Round 1 和 Round 2 项目)
High Q consumption of both rectifier and inverter
与交流电网强度无关
Independent from the strength of AC network
短路容量对其运行的影响较大
Short-Circuit capacity of network is important for operation
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
4
风电场并网技术 Technologies for Wind Farm Connection
– HVDC-plus (Siemens)：多电平,基于 IGBT的 变频器
Multi-level, IGBT converters
• 现有额定容量可达1200MW
Rating up to 1200MW available
• 为海上风电场并网所安装的最大线路容量: 400MW (Bard 1 风电场)
海上风电并网技术
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Generation
Ing. Markus Pöller 博士 DIgSILENT GmbH
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
First HVDC-VSC connection (400 MW) has been constructed and is in testing phase (Borwind/Bard 1 wind farm)
• 一个容量为8 000 MW的海上风场正处于详细规划阶段
8 000 MW of offshore wind farms are in detailed planning stage
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
6
HVAC电缆线路
并联电抗器
Shunt Reactors
陆地侧
Land-side
深海侧
电缆线
around 200MVA capacity
离海岸较远的风电场(或者容量较大的风电场) Wind farms with higher distance from shore (or very high capacity): • 使用基于VSC的高压直流输电（HVDC-VSC）线路并网
Connection with HVDC-VSC cable
来源: ABB
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session 12
自换向变频器– 两电平
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
距离低于70...80km的海上风电场:
Wind farms with a distance <70...80km:
• 使用高压交流输电（HVAC）线路并网 Connection with HVAC cable • 标准技术: 150kV, 800m^2, 大约 200MVA 容量 Standard technology: 150kV, 800m^2,
自换相 Self-Commutated: • 可控制P，Q
Very good P and Q controllability
线换相Line-Commutated: • 只可控制P，Q随P的变化而变化
Only P controllability, Q resulting
• •
谐波含量低(开关频率高)
Low Harmonic contents (high switching frequency)
Cable
Sea-side
风电场
Wind farm
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
7
HVAC 电缆线路 HVAC Cables
• 标准技术: +/-150kV-DC, 可达500MW 容量
Standard technology: +/-150kV-DC, up to 500MW capacity
• 可行方案: +/-300kV-DC, 可达1200MW 容量
Available: +/-300kV-DC, up to 1200MW capacity
• • • • • •
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
谐波含量高，需要大的滤波器
High Harmonic contents, large filters required
Q可以由变频器控制/提供
Q can be controlled/provided by the converters
•
• • • •
整流器和逆变器都需要消耗大量无 功Q
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
5
海上风电场的并网
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms
Forecast 5 000 MW-7 500MW of offshore wind farms until 2015 (Round 1 and Round 2 projects)
• 在项目发展的各个阶段，将达到45 000 MW 装机容量(包括 Round 3 项 目).
Up to 45 000 MW in various stages of project development (including Round 3 projects).
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
8
使用HVDC-VSC技术并网
Land-side
Sea-side
风电场 2
风电场1
陆地侧
1
海上风电并网技术
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
2
海上风力发电– 德国现状
• 目前，有一个海上风电场已经投入运行:
Currently, there is 1 offshore wind park in operation:
10
HVDC-VSC 技术 HVDC-VSC Technology
Clean Energy Expo China (CEEC) / Wind Power Asia – Conference - Clean Energy & Grid Integration - Session
11
VSC 技术 – 主要组成部件