罗马神话与希腊神话神祗对照表
希腊罗马神话中众神谱系
希腊神话中的众神谱系一、第一代神灵：天神与地神任何神话，都要从世界和人类的起源讲起。
在古希腊神话中，卡俄斯是原始天神。
通过单性繁殖，卡俄斯生有：大地女神该亚黑暗之神俄瑞波斯黑夜女神尼克斯爱神厄洛斯该亚生下天神乌拉扭斯，海神彭透斯。
乌拉扭斯后来又与该亚匹配成婚。
黑夜女神尼克斯生有：死神坦那托斯睡神希普托斯复仇女神墨涅西斯不和女神厄里斯毁灭女神凯雷斯命运女神莫伊莱黑暗之神俄瑞波斯与黑夜女神尼克斯婚配后生有：太空神埃特耳光明神赫墨拉乌拉扭斯与该亚婚配生下十二提坦神。
二、十二提坦神1、这十二个提坦神包括六男六女，后来组成了六对夫妇。
六个男提坦神是：河流之神俄刻阿诺斯科俄斯克瑞乌斯早期的太阳神许佩里翁普罗米修斯的父亲伊阿佩托斯克罗诺斯，提坦神中最年幼，最勇敢而又最有智谋的一个。
（黑猫中男主角黑猫曾加入的组织就被命名为克??坦神是：最早的光明之神提亚瑞亚特弥斯记忆的化身摩涅莫绪涅早期的月亮女神福柏最早的海洋女神特提斯2、由于天神乌拉扭斯贪恋权利，他把该亚生下的这些孩子都扔回母腹内。
地母该亚对此深为不满，就唆使最小的儿子克罗诺斯用镰刀阉割了父亲。
溅飞的精液再次使地母该亚受孕，生下复仇三女神阿勒克托、提西福涅、墨盖拉巨人族白橡树仙女（在魔侦探洛基中出现过）3、而提坦众神从此获得了自由，其中的四兄弟和四姐妹还结婚生子。
提亚和许佩里翁，生下：太阳神赫利乌斯、月神塞勒涅、黎明女神厄俄斯福柏和科俄斯，生下女神勒托和阿斯特里亚俄刻阿诺斯和特提斯，生下3000条河流和3000个小海神克罗诺斯和瑞亚，生下三个女儿：赫斯提亚、得墨特耳和赫拉三个儿子：哈笛斯、波塞冬和宙斯三、宙斯夺权1、推翻克罗诺斯罗诺斯比他父亲还要专横，为了保住王位，每当孩子出生，他就一口把孩子吞掉。
到最小的孩子宙斯出生时，瑞亚设计骗过丈夫，顺利地把他生了下来并送给白橡树仙女抚养。
宙斯长大后，和母亲一起用催吐剂让父亲吐出了吞下去的五个兄妹。
宙斯又联合十二位原始提坦神中的五位，在独眼巨人和百手巨人的帮助下，经过了十年激战，终于推翻了克罗诺斯的统治，确立了宙斯的统治地位。
古希腊、古罗马神话人物对应表
古希腊、古罗马神话人物对应表希腊与罗马神话人物就象希腊文明一样，希腊神话也是世界上最古老和神秘的传说之一。
这些神话故事是一代又一代欧洲艺术家永恒的创作主题。
就象神圣罗马帝国并吞了所有的希腊城邦一样，罗马神话在相当大的程度上整盘托收了希腊神话。
（据说罗马人相信所有的神，甚至对敌人的神也顶礼摩拜。
当然他们是要敌人的神倒戈来帮助神圣罗马帝国。
）事实上，在很多情况下，罗马人只是简单地将希腊神改个名字，就让他们成为了罗马神。
因此，在很大程度上，希腊神和罗马神是同人异名而已。
我相信这些神话故事其实在讲述古希腊人的生活和古希腊社会的风俗。
当我在读这些神话故事的时候，我有一种在读古代西蜡历史的感觉：荣耀、权力、私情、阴谋、谋杀、乱伦等等。
这些神话故事有些非常动人，但有些读起来并不太令人愉悦。
太坦神（THE TITAN）是宇宙混沌之后的第一代神。
他们有时也被称为老神（THE ELDER GODS）。
太坦神一共有十几个，撒腾是他们的首领。
他们的统治一直延续到奥林匹亚神将他们推翻为止。
当撒腾的儿子宙斯起来反叛的时候，绝大多数太坦神与撒腾并肩战斗，因而在失败之后被宙斯流放到无底深渊中去了。
希腊名罗马名中文名介绍Gaea盖亚她是大地女神。
在没有其他神帮助下，她生下了尤瑞那斯。
Uranus Coelus 尤瑞那斯(克洛诺斯)尤瑞那斯是天空之神，他也是第一个众神之神的统治者。
他娶了他的母亲为妻并生下了其他的太坦神。
他的统治一直延续到他的儿子撒藤在他母亲的煽动下起来造反并阉割了他为止。
据说尤瑞那斯因此受伤而亡。
Cronus Saturn撒腾撒腾在推翻他父亲的统治后成为太坦神的领袖。
他娶了虞神为妻。
由于他时时刻刻记得他父亲的下场，撒腾在虞神为他生下每一个子女之时就将婴儿吞食。
Rhea Cybele虞神虞神是撒腾的妻子。
由于撒腾将她每一个新生子婴都吞食掉，虞神因此对他丈夫极其不满。
当她生下宙斯的时候，虞神耍了一个狸猫换太子的计量，将一块石头交给撒腾因而救下了他的儿子。
希腊罗马诸神关系谱
希腊罗马诸神关系谱Chaos天王 (地母之子)Uranus == Gaea (地母)(诞下12泰坦和Cyclopes 独眼巨人和Hecatoncheires 百臂巨人)Mnemosyne Themis Cruis记忆神泰坦，与Zous九夜九Muse 律神泰坦，Fates和Horae (Seasons)之母与姐妹Eurybia结婚，育有 Astraeus, Pallas and PersesCronus== Rhea Coeus == Phoebe Ocean== Tethys Hyperion==Thea(sister) 阉其父后统领泰坦大地丰收泰坦智慧泰坦月神泰坦海洋泰坦河神泰坦太阳泰坦闪亮泰坦 Hestia Hades Poseidon Zeus=Hera Demeter= Zeus Leto=Zeus Iapetus Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).灶神冥神海神主神婚姻之神农神Athena Persephone Prometheus Atlas Epimetheus智慧泰坦Mertis (Athena之母) 冥后人的保护神，预言，盗火，好东西，率领抵抗笨神，潘多拉的盒子Ares Hebe Hephaestus 被绑崖上鹰啄肝，大力神救 Zeus, 被罚顶天战神工匠神Apollo Artemis Zeus=Maia Zeus=Dione多才太阳神月亮狩猎女神Hermes Aphrodite信使爱与美神, Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)Gaea (地母) == Tartarus (The darkest pit in the world at the edge of the world)五初神 Gaea (地母) == Tartarus God of darkness Erebus = = NyxGoddess of night Erosson of Chaos daughter of chaos(son) Typhon = = Echidna, Aether (god of sky), Hemera (goddess of day),Cerberus (son) Lernean Hydra (daughter) on her own, Nyx gives birthto(the three-headed of hell) (the multiheaded) Momus (blame), Moros (doom), Thanatos (death),Hypnos (sleep), Charon (the ferryman of Hades), the Oneiroi (dreams), the Hesperides, the Keres and Moirae (Fates), Nemesis (retribution), Apate (deception), Philotes (friendship), Geras (age), and Eris (strife), ...concepts occur in the Theogony of Hesiod. First there was Chaosin Hesiod’s system, then Gaea and Eros (Earth and Desire). Chaos, however, did not generate Gaea; the offspring of Chaos were Erebus (Darkness) and Nyx. Nyx begat Aether, the bright upper air, andDay. Nyx later begat the dark and dreadful aspects of the universe (e.g., Dreams, Death, War, and Famine).In Hesiod's Theogony, Nyx is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus the deity of shadow and darkness, Nyx gives birth to Aether (atmosphere) and Hemera (day). Later,. In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera (day), who is Nyx's daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri (night) in the Rigveda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas (dawn).Nyx by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1883)Erebus ConsortChaos Parents[1]Erebus, Gaia, Tartarus and Eros Siblingssee below ChildrenHypnosHypnos and Thánatos, Sleep and His Half-Brother Death by John William Waterhouse.God of Sleep Underworld AbodePoppy SymbolPasithea ConsortNyx ParentsThánatos, Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos SiblingsMorpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos (according to Ovid) ChildrenRoman equivalentThe Creation of the World and MankindThis story is written by both Aeschylus and Hesiod.In the beginning, there was formless confusion of Chaos brooded over the unbroken darkness. Then out of the void appeared Erebus, the unknowable place where death dwells, and Night (Nyx). All else was empty, silent, endless, darkness. Then somehow Love (Eros) was born bringing a start of order. From Love came Light and Day. Once there was Light and Day, Gaea, the earth appeared.Gaea alone gave birth to Uranus, the god of the heavens. Uranus became Gaea's mate. Together they produced the three Cyclopes, the three Hecatoncheires, and twelve Titans.But, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires. He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hiddenplaces of the earth, Gaea's womb. This angered Gaea and she plotted against Uranus. She made a flint sickle and tried to get her children to attack Uranus. Allwere too afraid except, the youngest Titan, Cronus.Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranus as he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabbed his father and castrated him, with the stone sickle, throwing the severed genitals into the ocean. The fate of Uranus is not clear. He either died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself toItaly. As he departed, he promised that Cronus and the Titans wouldbe punished. From his spilt blood came the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinyes. From the sea foam where his genitals fell came Aphrodite.Cronus became the next ruler. He imprisoned the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires in Tartarus. He married his sister Rhea, and under his rule the Titans had many offspring. He ruled for many ages. However, Gaea and Uranus both had prophesied that he would be overthrown by a son. To avoid this Cronus swallowed each of his children as they were born. Rhea was angry at the treatment of the children and plotted againstCronus. When it came time to give birth to her sixth child, Rhea tricked Cronus. She secretly carried the child to Crete and then wrapped a stonein swaddling cloths. Cronus, thinking it was a baby, ate the stone.The child was Zeus. He grew into a handsome youth on Crete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepared a drink for Cronus which would force him to vomit up the five other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer. This gave Zeus the opportunity to slip Cronus the specially prepared drink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomited up. Being gods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader.Cronus was yet to be defeated. He and the Titans, except Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power. Atlas becametheirleader in battle and it looked for some time as though they wouldwin and put the young gods down. However, Zeus was had other plans. He went down to Tartarus and freed the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires. Prometheus joined Zeus as well. He returned to battle with his new allies. The Cyclopes provided Zeus with lighting bolts for weapons. The Hecatoncheires he set in ambush armed with boulders. When the time was right, Zeus retreated drawing the Titans into the Hecatoncheires's ambush. The Hecatoncheires rained down hundreds of boulders with such afury the Titans thought the mountains were falling on them. Theybroke and ran giving Zeus victory.Zeus exiled the Titans who had fought against him into Tartarus. All except for Atlas, who was singled out for the special punishment of holding the world on his shoulders.However, even after this victory Zeus was not safe. Gaea, angry that her children had been imprisoned, gave birth to a last offspring, Typhoeus. Typhoeus was a creature more terrible than any that had gone before. However, Zeus, having learned to control thunder and lightning stuck Typhoeus down. Typhoeus was buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.Much later a final challenge to Zeus rule was made by the Giants. They went so far as to attempt to invade Mount Olympus, piling mountain upon mountain in an effort to reach the top. But, the gods had grown strong and with the help of Hercules, the Giants were subdued or killed. Now, the world, having been cleared of all the monsters, was ready for mankind. Prometheus and Epimetheus were spared imprisonment in Tartarus because they did not fight with their fellow Titans during the war with the Olympians. They were given the task of creating man. Epimetheus was in charge of the task of giving the creatures of theearth their various qualities, such as swiftness, cunning, strength, fur, wings.Unfortunately, by the time he got to man Epimetheus had given allthe good qualities out and there were none left for man. So he turned toPrometheus for help. Prometheus took over the task of creation and sought a way to make man superior. He made man stand upright like thethegods did and gave them fire.Prometheus loved man more than the Olympians, who had banished mostof his family to Tartarus. Because of Prometheus' love of man, Zeus created women. So when Zeus decreed that man must present a portion of each animal they sacrificed to the gods, Prometheus decided to trick Zeus. He created two piles, one with the bones wrapped injuicy fat, the other with the good meat hidden in the hide. He then made Zeuspick one pile. Zeus picked the bones. Since he had given his word, Zeus had to accept that as his share for future sacrifices. In his anger over thetrick, he took fire away from man. However, Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought it back again to man. Zeus was enraged that man again had fire. He decided to inflict a terrible punishment on both man and Prometheus.To punish man, Zeus had Hephaestus create a mortal of stunning beauty. The gods gave the mortal many gifts of wealth. This creation was Pandora, the first woman. A final gift was a jar which Pandora was forbidden to open. When she was completed, Zeus sent her to Epimetheus.Prometheus had warned Epimetheus not to accept gifts from Zeus but, Pandora's beauty was too great and he allowed her to stay. Eventually,Pandora's curiosity about the jar she was forbidden to open became too great. She opened the jar and out flew plagues, sorrow and mischief for mankind. However, the bottom of the jar held one good thing - Hope. It was the only good thing in the jar and remains to this day mankind's sole comfort in misfortune.However, a greater punishment lay in store for Prometheus. Zeus had his servants, Force and Violence, seize Prometheus, take him to Caucasus, and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamanite chains. Here he was tormented day and night Zeus gave Prometheus two ways out of this torment. He could tell Zeus who the mother of the child that would dethrone him was. Or meet two conditions: First, that an immortal must volunteer to die for Prometheus. Second, that a mortal must kill the eagle and unchain him. Eventually, Chiron the Centaur agreed to die for him and Hercules killed the eagle and unbound him.Prometheus name has stood through the centuries, from Greek days to our own as the great rebel against injustice and authority of power.TitansThe Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus., Gaea , Uranus, Cronus , Crius, Rhea , Phoebe, Oceanus , Thea, Tethys , Prometheus, Hyperion , Epimetheus, Mnemosyne , Atlas, Themis , Metis, Iapetus , Dione, CoeusGaeaGaea was Mother Earth. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans. Gaea seemed to have started as a neolithic earth-mother worshipped before the Indo-European invasion that eventually lead to the Hellenistic civilization.UranusUranus was the sky god and first ruler. He was the son of Gaea, who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together they had many offspring, including the Cyclopes, the Hecatoncheires, and twelve of the Titans.His rule ended when when Cronus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew from earth.CronusCronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. Their offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety, Cronus ate each of the children as theywere born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up, Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be the golden age on earth, a time of peace and happiness that was honored by the Saturnalia feast. During the golden age, the people of the time had no need for laws or rules; everyone did right and as such, there was no need.RheaRhea was the wife of Cronus. She was the Titan of the earth and fertility. Cronus made it a practice to swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, saving her son Zeus. Rhea's symbol is the moon. She has another symbol, the swan, because it is a gentle animal. Also, her other symbol is two lions, supposedly the ones that pull her chariot.OceanusOceanus was the Latin word for the ocean, which the Greeks and Romans believed to be an enormous river encircling the world. Strictly speaking, it was the ocean-stream at the Equator in which floatedthe habitable hemisphere. This world-ocean was personified as a Titan, a sonof Uranus and Gaea. Together with his wife Tethys, they produced the rivers and six thousand offsprings called the Oceanids.TethysTethys was the wife of Oceanus. She was mother of the chief riversof the universe, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about sixthousand daughters called the Oceanids.HyperionHyperion was the Titan of light, an early sun god. He was the son of Gaea and Uranus. He married his sister Thea. Their children were Helius (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).MnemosyneMnemosyne was the Titan of memory. She slept with Zeus for ninenights and gave birth to the nine Muses.ThemisThemis was the Titan. Her name meaning "law of nature" rather than "human ordinance" was "of good counsel," was the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She fought with Zeus against the other Titans. She was the mother of the Fates and the Horae (Seasons).IapetusIapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, andAtlas by Clymene.CoeusCoeus was the Titan of Intelligence. He was the father of Leto and Asteria.CruisCruis married his sister Eurybia and became the father of Astraeus, Pallas and Perses.PhoebePhoebe was Titan of the Moon. She was the mother of Leto and Asteria.TheaShe, along with her brother Hyperion, was the mother of Helios,Selene and Eos. She seems here a goddess of glittering in particular and of glory in general.PrometheusPrometheus was the wisest Titan. His name meant "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Iapetus. When Zeus revolted against Cronus, Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought on Zeus' side.By some accounts, he and his brother Epimetheus were delegated byZeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus was known as theprotector and benefactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals sacrificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts. For this Zeus punished Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus' children would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Hercules without giving in to Zeus.EpimetheusEpimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name meant "afterthought". He was the son of Iapetus. In some accounts, he was delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.AtlasAtlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. Due to Cronus's advance age, Atlas led the Titan's in battle. As a result, he was singled out by Zeus for a special punishment and was forced to hold up the world on his back.MetisMetis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her. It was said that she was the source for Zeus' wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly. It may seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her mother. This was because the classic Greeks believedthat children were generated solely from the father's sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more than a vessel for the fetus to grow in.Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth, her role doesn't count.OlympiansThe Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthrowof the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place, Mount Olympus. Note that the Roman names for the Olympian Gods are in brackets., Zeus (Jupiter) , Athena (Minerva), Poseidon (Neptune) , Apollo, Hades (Pluto) , Aphrodite (Venus), Hestia (Vesta) , Hermes (Mercury), Hera (Juno) , Artemis (Diana), Ares (Mars) , Hephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber)ZeusZeus (Jupiter) overthrew his Father Cronus to become the supremeruler of the gods. He was lord of the sky, the rain god and the cloud gatherer.His weapon was a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He was married to Hera but, was famous for his many affairs. An eagle attended him as a minister of his will and for page and cup-bearer he had Ganymede, a boy so beautiful that Zeus had him stolen from Mount Ida to make him immortal in heaven. He was also known topunish those that lie or break oaths. His tree was the oak and hisoracle was at Dodona, the land of the oak trees.Read about Zeus' rise to power in the story of The Creation of the World and Mankind.PoseidonPoseidon (Neptune) was the brother of Zeus. Poseidon was a son of Cronus and Rhea. Like his brothers and sisters except for Zeus, Poseidon was swallowed by his father. Find out more about this in the TheCreation of the World and Mankind.He was the lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titan Oceanus. His weapon was a trident, which could shake the earth, and shatter any object. He was second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. Under the ocean, he had a marvelous golden palace, its grottos adorned with corals and the sea-flowers, and lit with a phosphorescent glow. He rose forth in a chariot drawn by dolphins, sea-horses other marine creatures.HadesHades (Pluto) was the brother of Zeus. He was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He was a greedy god who was greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead were seen favorably by him. The Erinyes were welcomed guests.He was also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He had a helmet that made him invisible. He rarely left the underworld. He was unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife was Persephone whom Hades abducted. He was the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.Hades obtained his eventual consort, Persephone, through trickery, a story that connected the ancient Eleusinian Mysteries with the Olympian pantheon. Hades ruled the dead, assisted by demons over whom he had complete authority. He strictly forbade his subjects to leave his domain and would become quite enraged when anyone tried to leave, or if someone tried to steal his prey from him. Very few have gone to the underworld and returned.HestiaHestia (Vesta) was Zeus' sister. She was a virgin goddess. She was the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a newborn child was carried before it was received into the family. In the Greek and Roman households, the hearth fire was not allowed to go out, unless itwas ritually extinguished and ritually renewed, accompanied by impressive rituals of completion, purification and renewal. Each city also had apublic hearth sacred to Hestia. Hestia symbolizes the alliance between the colonies and their mother-cities.HeraHera (Juno) was Zeus' wife and sister. She was raised by the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. She was the protector of marriage and takes special care of married women.Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus' infidelities. Her sacred animals were the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city was Argos.AresAres (Mars) was the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He was the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite, her husband Hephaestus was able publicly ridicule him. His bird was the vulture. His animal was the dog.AthenaAthena (Minerva) was the daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armor from his forehead, thus has no mother. She was fierce and brave in battle but, only fights to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She was the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. Sheinvented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot.She was the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city was Athens. Her tree was the olive. The owl was her bird. She was a virgin goddess.ApolloApollo was the son of Zeus and Leto. His twin sister was Artemis. He was the god of music, playing a golden lyre. He was the god of the archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie. Apollowas considered to have dominion over disease, beauty, light, healing, colonists, medicine, archery, poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism, and shamans, and was the patron defender of herds and flocks.One of Apollo's more important daily tasks was to harness hischariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky. He was famousfor his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from all over the Greek world to divine the future. His tree was the laurel. The crow was his bird. The dolphin was his animal.AphroditeAphrodite (Venus) was the goddess of love, desire and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts, she had a magical girdle that compelled anyoneshe wished to desire her. There were two accounts of her birth.One says she was the daughter of Zeus and Dione.The other went back to the time when Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitals into the sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus.Aphrodite, in many of the myths involving her, is characterized as vain, ill-tempered and easily offended. She was the wife of Hephaestus. The myrtle was her tree. The dove, the swan, and the sparrow were her birds.HermesHermes (Mercury) was the son of Zeus and Maia. He was Zeus' messenger. He was the fastest of the gods. He wore winged sandals, a winged hat, and carried a magic wand. He was the god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators,literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures and invention and commerce in general, of liars, and of the cunning of thieves. He wasthe guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.ArtemisArtemis (Diana) was the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother was Apollo. She was the lady of the wild things. She was the huntsman of the gods. She was the protector of the young. Like Apollo, she hunted with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She was a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presided over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Letono pain when she was born. The cypress was her tree. All wildanimals were scared to her, especially the deer.HephaestusHephaestus (Vulcan or Mulciber) was the son of Zeus and Hera. Sometimes, it was said that Hera alone produced him and that he had no father. He was the only god to be physically ugly. He was also lame. He was the god of fire and the forge. He was the smith and armorer of the gods.He used a volcano as his forge. He was the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He was kind and peace loving. His wife was Aphrodite.Sometimes, his wife was identified as Aglaia.。
希腊罗马神话众神表
一、God and GoddessGaeaThe goddess of the earth who bore and married Uranus and was the mother of the Titans and the Cyclopes.大地女神盖亚，嫁给了天神乌拉诺斯，是泰坦诸神和独眼巨人库克罗普斯的母亲。
UranusThe eariest supreme god, a personification of the sky who was the son and consort of Gaea and the father of the Cyclopes and Titans.乌拉诺斯，最早的主神，是天的化身，大地女神的儿子和配偶，泰坦诸神和库克罗普斯的父亲。
CyclopsAny of the three one-eyed Titans who forged thunderbolts for Zeus.库克罗普斯：帮助宙斯制造雷电的三个独眼泰坦神之一。
TitanAny of a family of giants, the children of Uranus and Gaea who sought to rule heaven and were overthrown and supplanted by the family of Zeus.泰坦：巨人家庭成员，是乌拉诺斯和盖亚的子女，他们试图统治天国，但被宙斯家庭推翻并取代。
HyperionA Titan, the son of Gaea and Uranus and the fathter of Helios,Selene,Eos.许珀里翁：泰坦神，盖亚和乌拉诺斯之子，是太阳神赫利俄斯、月之神塞勒涅和黎明女神厄俄斯的父亲。
MetisA Titan, the mother of Athena.墨提斯：泰坦神，雅典娜的母亲。
MnemosyneA Titan, the goddess of memory, the mother of the Muses.摩涅莫绪涅：泰坦神，记忆女神，缪斯的母亲。
古希腊、古罗马神话人名对照简表
神名古希腊神名古罗马神名天神，万神之王宙斯 ( Zeus )木星 ( Jupiter )天后赫拉 ( Hera )朱诺 ( Juno )智慧与战争女神阿西娜 ( Athena )密涅瓦 ( Minerva )太阳神阿波罗 ( Apollo )阿波罗 ( Apollo )月女神，狩猎女神阿尔特弥斯 ( Artemis )黛安娜 ( Diana )战神阿瑞斯 ( Ares )火星 ( Mars )锻冶神工匠神赫淮斯托斯 ( Hephaetus )伏尔甘 ( Vulcan )爱神，美神阿芙洛迪特( Aphrodite )金星 ( Venus )信使商业之神赫尔墨斯( Hermes )水星 ( Mercury )海神波赛冬 ( Poseidon ) 海王星( Neptune )农耕女神得墨忒尔 ( Demeter )赛莱斯 ( Ceres )酒神迪俄尼索斯( Dionysus )巴卡斯 ( Bacchus )小爱神伊罗斯 ( Eros )邱比特 ( Cupid ) 别名Amor 大力神赫拉克利斯 ( Heracles )赫克利斯 ( Hercules )胜利女神尼姬 ( Nike )维多利亚 ( Victoria )黎明女神伊厄斯 ( Eos )奥罗拉 ( Aurora )花神克罗莉斯 ( Coloris )芙劳拉 ( Flora )田野女神冥后珀尔赛福涅( Persephone )普洛塞庇娜 ( Proserpina )牧羊神潘恩 ( Pan )冥王哈迪斯 ( Hades )普路托 ( Pluto )水仙之神纳尔喀索斯 ( Narcissus )彩虹女神伊莉斯 ( Iris )青春女神希琵 ( Hebe )灶神赫斯提亚 ( Hestia )维斯达 ( Vesta )医药之神乔利帕斯 ( Aesculapius )健康之神亥吉亚 ( Hygea )文艺女神缪斯 ( Muses )美惠三女神格拉斯 ( The Three Graces )山林女神宁芙 ( Nymphs )ps：美惠三女神：宙斯的三个女儿艾芙洛修妮（Euphrosyne）、阿葛莱雅（Aglaia）和泰莉亚（Thalia）。
希腊十二主神希腊名与罗马名对照
希腊十二主神希腊名与罗马名对照
十二主神希腊名 宙斯 Zeus [zu:s]
罗马名 朱庇特 Jupiter
['dʒu:pɪtə]
头衔 主神，天空之神
备注
天气神，原形为天，云，雨，雷 等
赫拉 Hera['hiərə] 波塞冬 Poseidon
[pɔ'saidən]
朱诺 Juno ['dʒu:nəu] 墨 涅塔 Moneta[məu'neitə]
'.
向导，信使，导游的别名。他还
使者神，通信神 是风神，且司畜牧、财贸、商务、
பைடு நூலகம்
旅行、工艺、演讲与口才
掌狩猎、保护分娩孕妇，是少女
月亮女神
和贞洁的保护神，她高洁冷傲，
重贞洁
出生后因丑陋被踢下凡世，摔成
火神，匠神
瘸子。后因冶炼铸造的手艺好而
被重新接纳。
PS：英语主要来自拉丁语（即罗马语），所以希腊神话人物的罗马名都会有相对应的英语单词。
尼普顿 Neptune ['nep,tu:n, -,tju:n]
天后 海神
女权主义的代表，也是妇女和婚 姻的保护神
斯和赫拉的同胞兄弟，三分世界 时得到了海洋
哈得斯 Hades ['heidi:z]
德墨忒耳 Demeter [di'mi:tə]
普路托 Pluto ['plu:təʊ] 席瑞斯 Ceres ['siəri:z]
冥王 谷物女神
他是宙斯和波塞冬的亲兄弟，三 分世界得到冥界
掌管谷物的生长，形成四季
阿瑞斯 Ares ['ɛəri:z] 马尔斯 Mars [mɑ:z]
战神
古罗马和古希腊主要神话人物
古罗马和古希腊主要神话人物古罗马神话对欧洲文化影响较深，天上诸星座原来都是希腊人以神话人物和诸神命名的，但目前学术界使用的都是罗马名。
雅努斯 Janus 门神，具有前后两个面孔或四方四个面孔，象征开始。
朱庇特 Jupiter 神王。
木星相对应于希腊神话的宙斯Zeus.（木星位置处于中心地位唯我独尊）朱诺 Juno 神后，相对应于希腊神话的赫拉Hera.墨邱利 Mercury 神的使者，水银水星相对应于希腊神话的赫耳墨斯Hermes. 手持盘蛇杖（水银无孔不入神通广大）维纳斯 Vénus 美神、爱神，金星相对应于希腊神话的阿佛洛狄德Aphrodite。
玛尔斯 Mars 战神，三月相对应于希腊神话的阿瑞斯Ares。
但形象较阿瑞斯正面许多。
（三月由来：三月是古罗马年历的第一月，在这月常举办祭奠Mars的活动）萨敦 Saturn 朱庇特的父亲，相对应于希腊神话的科罗努斯Kronus。
玛亚 Maia 墨邱利的母亲，花神。
狄安娜 Diane 月亮女神，相对应于希腊神话的阿尔忒弥斯Artemis。
阿波罗 Apollo 太阳神，希腊和罗马名字相同。
米诺娃 Minerve智慧女神，相对应于希腊神话的雅典娜Athena。
赛尔斯 Cérès 谷物和丰收女神，相对应于希腊神话的狄蜜特Demeter。
伏尔肯 Vulcain 火神，维纳斯的丈夫，相对应于希腊神话的赫斐斯托斯Hephaestus。
尼普敦 Neptune 海王神，海王星相对应于希腊神话的波赛东Posidon，朱庇特的弟弟。
普鲁托 Pluton 冥神，冥王星相对应于希腊神话的哈底斯Hades，朱庇特的弟弟。
邱比特 Cupid 小爱神，维纳斯的儿子，相对应于希腊神话的爱罗斯Eros萨杜恩Saturne农神土星铅播种之神，将葡萄种植业引入罗马古代炼金术的铅阿特拉斯Atlas地图册古希腊巨神受罚用肩顶住天穹地图册由来：16世纪地图册封面常用Atlas的形象。
希腊与罗马神话神名对照
希腊与罗马神话神名对照希腊罗马 (希腊语/拉丁语)Greek / RomanMajor Gods=======Aphrodite / VenusAres / MarsArtemis / DianaAthena / MinervaDemeter / CeresHades / PlutoHephaistos / VulcanHera / JunoHermes / MercuryHestia / VestaKronos / SaturnPersephone / ProserpinaPoseidon / NeptuneZeus / JupiterMinor Gods=======Erinyes / FuriaeEris / DiscordiaEros / CupidFates / MoraeGraces / CharitiesHelios / SolHours / HoraePan / FaunusTyche / FortunaZeus, Jupiter, Jove宙斯(Zeus)是众神之王，拉丁⽂名字是朱庇忒（Jupiter）或是朱威（Jove），词义都是“明亮的天空”。
他作为光明神充当天地神⼈的第三代领导核⼼，维持世界秩序。
他的每⼀个想法都完全符合命运的安排，⽤孔⼦的话，“从⼼所欲，不逾矩。
”罗马语中“sub Jove”（在朱庇忒之下）就表⽰在光天化⽇之下。
英语中Jove等于Jupiter。
有时⼈们会说，by Jove！意思是，天啊！相当于Oh, my god!宙斯浓眉⼤眼，虬髯，有威仪。
他⾼踞宝座，左⼿权杖，右⼿雷电。
对⼲犯天威的⼈，他决不吝啬炸雷。
⽽且⼀旦怒不可遏，众神都会被他像玩具⼀样抛来掷去。
据荷马史诗，即使他涂着⾼级发乳的⼀绺头发飘下来，也会摇撼奥林匹斯⼭，引发⼩规模地震。
太阳系第五⾏星⽊星由于硕⼤的⾝材与中⼼的位置，⾃然得到以“Jupiter”命名的尊荣。
宙斯⼀妻六妾。
其中有两个姑姑，两个姐姐和三个堂妹。
古罗马和古希腊神话中众神名字对照
古罗马和古希腊神话中众神名字对照
雅努斯Janus 门神，具有前后两个面孔或四方四个面孔，象征开始。
朱庇特Jupiter 神王。
木星相对应于希腊神话的宙斯Zeus.
朱诺Juno 神后，相对应于希腊神话的赫拉Hera.
墨邱利Mercury 神的使者，水星相对应于希腊神话的赫耳墨斯Hermes. 手持盘蛇杖
维纳斯Vénus 美神、爱神，金星相对应于希腊神话的阿佛洛狄德Aphrodite。
玛尔斯Mars 战神，三月相对应于希腊神话的阿瑞斯Ares。
萨敦Saturn 朱庇特的父亲，相对应于希腊神话的科罗努斯Kronus。
玛亚Maia 墨邱利的母亲，花神。
狄安娜Diane 月亮女神，相对应于希腊神话的阿尔忒弥斯Artemis。
阿波罗Apollo 太阳神，希腊和罗马名字相同。
米诺娃Minerve智慧女神，相对应于希腊神话的雅典娜Athena。
赛尔斯Cérès 谷物和丰收女神，相对应于希腊神话的狄蜜特Demeter。
伏尔肯Vulcain 火神，维纳斯的丈夫，相对应于希腊神话的赫斐斯托斯Hephaestus。
尼普敦Neptune 海王神，海王星相对应于希腊神话的波赛东Posidon，朱庇特的弟弟。
普鲁托Pluton 冥神，冥王星相对应于希腊神话的哈底斯Hades，朱庇特的弟弟。
邱比特Cupid 小爱神，维纳斯的儿子，相对应于希腊神话的爱罗斯Eros
萨杜恩Saturne农神土星播种之神
阿特拉斯Atlas古希腊巨神受罚用肩顶住天穹
弗尔图娜Fortune 古罗马命运女神弗洛拉Flore 古罗马花卉女神。
希腊罗马神话：1-4众神
• 英雄传说起源于对祖先的 崇拜，它是古希腊人对远 古历史和对自然界斗争的 一种艺术回顾。这类传说 中的主人公大都是神与人 的后代，半神半人的英雄。 他们体力过人，英勇非凡， 体现了人类征服自然的豪 迈气概和顽强意志，成为 古代人民集体力量和智慧 的化身。
• 希腊神话中的神与人同形同性，既有人的体态美，也有 人的七情六欲，懂得喜怒哀乐，参与人的活动。 • 神与人的区别仅仅在于前者永生，无死亡期；后者生命 有限，有生老病死。希腊神话中的神个性鲜明，没有禁 欲主义因素，也很少有神秘主义色彩。因此，希腊神话 不仅是希腊文学的土壤，而且对后来的欧洲文学有着深 远的影响。
克洛诺斯用镰刀割下了父亲的命根，抛 入海中。史称“镰刀夺位”。
• 他的生殖器从海里溅起的泡沫中，诞生了 爱神阿芙洛狄忒。之后，克洛诺斯娶自己 的姐姐瑞亚为妻，双双统治天庭，成为第 二代天神和天后。克洛诺斯顺理成章地做 了第二任神王
第二代天神天后：克洛诺斯和瑞亚
克洛诺斯与瑞亚成为第二代天神天后。他们生下了三男三女： 三个女神是: 赫斯提亚----家灶女神（又称火女神） 德墨忒尔----农林女神 赫拉----妒忌、家庭女神及婚姻女神 三个男神是： 哈迪斯----冥界之神 波塞东----海洋之神 宙斯---天空之神（第三代众神之王）
课程开始前须回答的几个问题
1.什么是神话？ 2.什么是希腊罗马神话？
3.希腊罗马神话的源头在哪里？
4.希腊神话与罗马神话有什么关系？ 5.为什么要学习希腊罗马神话？
什么是神话？
What is mythology?
古代人民口头的文学集体创 作。马克斯说神话是“在人民的幻
想中经过不自觉的艺术加工方式 所加工过的自然界和社会形态”。
希腊、罗马神话 的源头
古罗马神话与希腊神话
古罗马神话(mythology)对欧洲文化影响较深,天上诸星座原来都是希腊人以神话人物和诸神命名的,但目前学术界使用的都是罗马名。
罗马神话中拔掉狮子爪子中的刺雅努斯Janus 门神,具有前后两个面孔或四方四个面孔,象征开始与结束。
罗马人有双头雅努斯之说。
朱庇特Jupiter 神王。
相对应于希腊神话的宙斯Zeus.朱诺Juno 神后,相对应于希腊神话的赫拉Hera.墨丘利Mercury 神的使者,相对应于希腊神话的赫耳墨斯Hermes.维纳斯Venus 美神、爱神,相对应于希腊神话的阿佛洛狄德Aphrodite。
玛亚Maia 墨邱利的母亲,花神。
狄安娜Diana 月神,相对应于希腊神话的阿尔忒弥斯Artemis。
阿波罗Apollo 太阳神,希腊和罗马名字相同。
密涅瓦Minerva 智慧女神,相对应于希腊神话的雅典娜Athena。
赛尔斯Ceres 谷物和丰收女神,相对应于希腊神话的德墨忒尔Demeter。
伏尔肯Vulcan 火神,维纳斯的丈夫,相对应于希腊神话的赫斐斯托斯Hephaestus。
尼普顿Neptune 海神,相对应于希腊神话的波塞冬Posidon,朱庇特的兄长。
普罗托Pluto 冥神(也就是地狱之神、死神),相对应于希腊神话的哈底斯Hades,朱庇特的兄长。
丘比特Cupid 小爱神,维纳斯的儿子,相对应于希腊神话的爱罗斯Eros。
欧若拉Aurora 黎明女神,相对应于希腊神话的厄俄斯Eos。
玛尔斯Mars 古老的意大利死神和战神,也是生长神、土地神和牧神,狼和啄木鸟是他的圣兽。
相对应于希腊神话的阿瑞斯Ares。
但形象较阿瑞斯正面许多。
萨图奴斯Saturnus 也叫萨图恩,古老的意大利神,朱庇特的父亲,跟希腊神中的克罗诺斯十分相似。
旧神谱记载了天地的起源,最初宇宙最老的神是卡俄斯(即“混沌”),卡俄斯生出了盖亚(大地)和厄洛斯和塔耳塔洛斯(深渊,地狱),接着在大地底层出现了厄瑞玻斯(黑暗)与倪克斯(夜),两者结合生出埃特尔(太空)、赫墨拉(白昼)与卡戎(冥河摆渡者)。
古希腊神话众神与众神谱系
古希腊神话众神与众神谱系众神：古希腊罗马神话里的神明繁多(罗马神话里的主神和神谱大致上与希腊神话相同，但在名称上有很大差异)，其中最主要的为十二大主神。
他们是：1、宙斯Zeus：天神之父，也是众神之神，地上万物的最高统治者。
用雷霆和叫做“埃奎斯”的神盾治理天和地。
同时，宙斯还是个花心大萝卜，到处拈花惹草使他的妻子赫拉嫉妒。
2、赫拉Hera：宙斯的妻子，神圣的婚姻女神，掌管婚姻，捍卫家庭。
赫拉相当冷静并且拥有美好的身材。
性格特征是嫉妒。
3、波塞冬Poseidon：海神，仅次于宙斯的强大的掌权者。
波塞冬具有强大的力量，但他是一个头脑简单的神。
他的兵器是三叉戟。
4、赫斯提亚Hestia：炉灶、火焰女神。
谦让、随和、心地善良，深受众神的爱戴。
5、德墨忒尔Demeter：谷物、大地女神。
她有着温和的态度、热情的笑容，但她很胆小。
6、阿佛洛狄忒Aphrodite：爱和美的女神。
就是人们常说的维纳斯。
她拥有白瓷般的肌肤，是个金发碧眼的美人。
她是优雅和迷人的混合体，所有她的行为和语言都值得保留并用作典范。
7、阿波罗Apollon：太阳神，同时也是音乐、预言、弓箭、医疗之神。
阿波罗是男神中最英俊的，他快乐、聪明，拥有阳光般明亮的气质，总是充满了勇气和力量，女人们都喜欢他。
8、雅典娜Athena：主管胜利、智慧和技艺的战争女神。
她是从父亲宙斯的脑袋里诞生的女神，少言寡语，极具智慧，外表很酷，拥有很多“fans”。
9、阿瑞斯Ares：战神。
总是一身盔甲，长相英俊，但因脾气暴躁喜欢大喊大叫众神都不太喜欢他，但偏偏爱与美的女神阿佛洛狄忒钟情于他。
10、阿尔忒弥斯Arthemis：月亮和狩猎女神，又是美丽而纯洁的处女神。
她非常迷人，思维敏捷，做事果断，奔跑迅速，因此总是不可能在一个地方逗留太长的时间。
11、赫尔墨斯Hermes：宙斯的随从，牧童和游子之神。
他是位兼具才华和魅力的神，常带着恶作剧般的微笑，行动迅速，是众神中最忙碌的一个。
罗马神话与希腊神话神祗对照表
罗马神话与希腊神话神祗对照表(希腊)阿克琉斯Achilleus(罗马)阿克里斯Achilles特洛伊战争中最勇敢强大的英雄，杀了赫克托尔；密尔弥冬人的国王佩琉斯与海仙忒提斯之子(希腊)阿弗罗狄忒Aphrodite(罗马)维纳斯[女神]Venus金星，希腊神职司美丽与性爱，罗马神增加了园艺和丰产职责；宙斯与狄奥涅之女(希腊)阿波罗Apollon(罗马)阿波罗Apollo早期职司预言、医疗、射艺；晚期演变为太阳神；宙斯与勒托之子(希腊)阿瑞斯Ares(罗马)马尔斯Mars战神/火星, 宙斯与赫拉之子(希腊)阿尔忒弥斯Artemis(罗马)狄安娜[女神]Diana早期职司狩猎、森林，晚期变为月亮女神；宙斯与勒托之女(希腊)雅典娜Athena(罗马)米涅瓦[女神]Minerva早期职司艺术、手艺，帮助英雄；晚期变为智慧女神，女战神，雅典保护神。
宙斯与墨提斯之女(希腊)阿特拉斯Atlas(罗马)阿特拉斯Atlas大力神，因反叛宙斯被罚肩扛天球和地球，后指称地图集；一说乌拉诺斯与伊阿佩托斯之子(希腊)克罗诺斯Cronus(罗马)萨图恩Saturn第二代天父/土星，初司农业，后为黄金时代宇宙统治者；罗马神仅负责农业；乌拉诺斯与盖亚之子(希腊)德墨忒尔Demeter(罗马)切勒斯[女神]Ceres粮食女神，第三代大地母亲神；冥后佩尔塞福涅之母；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女(希腊)狄奥尼索斯Dionysus(罗马)巴库斯Bacchus[葡萄]酒神，植物神；宙斯与塞墨勒之子；早期拉丁语叫利贝拉Libera(希腊)埃罗斯Eros(罗马)库比德/丘比特Cupid爱神，调控性欲，一说卡奥斯Chaos之子(希腊)盖亚Gaea/Gaia(罗马)特拉[女神]Terra/Tellus第一代大地母亲神/地球，卡奥斯Chaos之女(希腊)哈迪斯Hades(罗马)普路托Pluto冥府之王/冥王星，死人之主；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子(希腊)赫菲斯托斯Hephaestus(罗马)乌尔坎Vulcan火神及工匠之神，宙斯与赫拉之子(希腊)赫拉Hera(罗马)朱诺/尤诺[女神]Juno婚姻与生育女神，已婚妇女的保护神，诸神之母后；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女(希腊)赫拉克勒斯Herakles(罗马)海格立斯/赫尔库勒斯Hercules力大无比之神；宙斯与阿尔克墨涅之子(希腊)赫尔墨斯Hermes(罗马)墨丘利Mercury通讯神/水星，门神，保护工商、发明、旅游、盗贼；宙斯与玛亚之子(希腊)赫斯提亚Hestia(罗马)维斯塔[女神]Vesta灶神，国家和家庭保护神；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女(希腊)许普诺斯Hypnos(罗马)索姆纳斯Somnus睡眠与梦幻之神，夜神尼克斯Nyx之子(希腊)奥德修斯Odysseus(罗马)尤利西斯Ulysses《奥德赛》主人公，足智多谋伊达卡国王，设木马计结束特洛伊战争(希腊)佩尔塞福涅Persephone(罗马)普罗塞耳皮娜Proserpina冥后，青春女神，朱庇特与切勒斯之女；早期拉丁语叫丽贝尔Liber(希腊)波塞冬Poseidon(罗马)尼普顿Neptune海神/海王星，地震之神，克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子(希腊)瑞亚Rhea(罗马)奥普斯[女神]Ops第二代大地母亲神；克罗诺斯之妻，诸女神之母；乌拉诺斯与盖亚之女(希腊)乌拉诺斯Uranus(罗马)乌拉诺斯Uranus第一代天父/天王星，12提坦之父，盖亚之子(希腊)宙斯Zeus(罗马)朱庇特/尤比特Jupiter第三代天父/木星，奥林匹斯12神祇之王，职司风雨雷电；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子八大行星和月亮的英文与神话名称（除地球和月亮常用英语Earth, Moon以外，其余行星都用拉丁文的神话称谓）水星Mercury/Hermes，距太阳最近，质量第二小。
希腊和罗马神话的区别
希腊神话和罗马神话的区别：★众神之神：宙斯Zeus ——众神之神，地上万物的最高统治者，掌管天界。
用雷霆和叫做“埃奎斯”的神盾治理天和地。
——朱庇特Juppiter（罗马），木星。
★天后、婚姻女神：赫拉Hera——宙斯的妻子，宙斯的姐姐（西方人早先都很乱伦的例证），神圣的婚姻女神，掌管婚姻，捍卫家庭。
赫拉相当冷静并且拥有美好的身材。
性格特征是嫉妒。
——朱诺Juno （罗马）。
★海神：波塞冬Posidon——海神，宙斯的兄长，仅次于宙斯的强大的掌权者。
波塞冬具有强大的力量，兵器是三叉戟。
——涅普顿Neptune（罗马），海王星。
★战神：阿瑞斯Ares——宙斯与赫拉之子，战争之神，总是一身盔甲，长相英俊，但因脾气暴躁喜欢大喊大叫众神都不太喜欢他，但偏偏爱与美的女神阿佛洛狄忒钟情于他。
——玛尔斯Mars（罗马），火星。
★智慧女神：雅典娜Athena——宙斯和聪慧女神墨提斯的女儿，主管胜利、智慧和技艺的战争女神。
她是从父亲宙斯的脑袋里诞生的女神，少言寡语，极具智慧。
——弥涅耳瓦Minerva（罗马）。
★太阳神：阿波罗Apollo——宙斯和勒托之子，他既是太阳神、音乐之神，医药之神，还是光明之神和真理之神。
阿波罗是男神中最英俊的，他快乐、聪明，拥有阳光般明亮的气质，总是充满了勇气和力量。
——阿波罗Apollo（发音终于统一）。
★月亮女神：阿尔忒弥斯Artemis——宙斯和勒托之女，与阿波罗是孪生兄妹，是美丽的女猎神，月亮女神。
她是处女的保护神，被称为纯洁之神。
她非常迷人，思维敏捷，做事果断，奔跑迅速，因此总是不可能在一个地方逗留太长的时间。
——戴安娜Diana（罗马），英国前王妃同名。
★游子之神：赫尔墨斯Hermes——宙斯和迈亚之子，他是神的信使，宙斯的随从，牧童和游子之神。
他是位兼具才华和魅力的神，常带着恶作剧般的微笑，行动迅速，是众神中最忙碌的一个。
——墨丘利Mercury（罗马），水星。
★工匠之神：赫淮斯托斯Hephaestus——工匠之神，宙斯和赫拉之子，妻子是阿佛洛狄忒（很有典故的）。
希腊罗马神话中众神谱系
希腊神话中的众神谱系一、第一代神灵：天神与地神任何神话，都要从世界和人类的起源讲起。
在古希腊神话中，卡俄斯是原始天神。
通过单性繁殖，卡俄斯生有：大地女神该亚黑暗之神俄瑞波斯黑夜女神尼克斯爱神厄洛斯该亚生下天神乌拉扭斯，海神彭透斯。
乌拉扭斯后来又与该亚匹配成婚。
黑夜女神尼克斯生有：死神坦那托斯睡神希普托斯复仇女神墨涅西斯不和女神厄里斯毁灭女神凯雷斯命运女神莫伊莱黑暗之神俄瑞波斯与黑夜女神尼克斯婚配后生有：太空神埃特耳光明神赫墨拉乌拉扭斯与该亚婚配生下十二提坦神。
二、十二提坦神1、这十二个提坦神包括六男六女，后来组成了六对夫妇。
六个男提坦神是：河流之神俄刻阿诺斯科俄斯克瑞乌斯早期的太阳神许佩里翁普罗米修斯的父亲伊阿佩托斯克罗诺斯，提坦神中最年幼，最勇敢而又最有智谋的一个。
（黑猫中男主角黑猫曾加入的组织就被命名为克??坦神是：最早的光明之神提亚瑞亚特弥斯记忆的化身摩涅莫绪涅早期的月亮女神福柏最早的海洋女神特提斯2、由于天神乌拉扭斯贪恋权利，他把该亚生下的这些孩子都扔回母腹内。
地母该亚对此深为不满，就唆使最小的儿子克罗诺斯用镰刀阉割了父亲。
溅飞的精液再次使地母该亚受孕，生下复仇三女神阿勒克托、提西福涅、墨盖拉巨人族白橡树仙女（在魔侦探洛基中出现过）3、而提坦众神从此获得了自由，其中的四兄弟和四姐妹还结婚生子。
提亚和许佩里翁，生下：太阳神赫利乌斯、月神塞勒涅、黎明女神厄俄斯福柏和科俄斯，生下女神勒托和阿斯特里亚俄刻阿诺斯和特提斯，生下3000条河流和3000个小海神克罗诺斯和瑞亚，生下三个女儿：赫斯提亚、得墨特耳和赫拉三个儿子：哈笛斯、波塞冬和宙斯三、宙斯夺权1、推翻克罗诺斯罗诺斯比他父亲还要专横，为了保住王位，每当孩子出生，他就一口把孩子吞掉。
古希腊、古罗马神话人名对照简表
古希腊、古罗马神话人名对照简表希腊和罗马神话人名对照表神名古希腊神名古罗马神名天神，万神之王宙斯 ( Zeus ) 木星 ( Jupiter )天后赫拉 ( Hera ) 朱诺 ( Juno )智慧与战争女神阿西娜 ( Athena ) 密涅瓦 ( Minerva )太阳神阿波罗 ( Apollo ) 阿波罗 ( Apollo )月女神，狩猎女神阿尔特弥斯 ( Artemis ) 黛安娜 ( Diana )战神阿瑞斯 ( Ares ) 火星 ( Mars )锻冶神工匠神赫淮斯托斯 ( Hephaetus ) 伏尔甘 ( Vulcan )爱神，美神阿芙洛迪特 ( Aphrodite ) 金星 ( Venus )信使商业之神赫尔墨斯( Hermes ) 水星 ( Mercury )海神波赛冬 ( Poseidon ) 海王星 ( Neptune )农耕女神得墨忒尔 ( Demeter ) 赛莱斯 ( Ceres )酒神迪俄尼索斯 ( Dionysus ) 巴卡斯 ( Bacchus )小爱神伊罗斯 ( Eros ) 邱比特 ( Cupid ) 别名Amor 大力神赫拉克利斯 ( Heracles ) 赫克利斯 ( Hercules )胜利女神尼姬 ( Nike ) 维多利亚 ( Victoria )黎明女神伊厄斯 ( Eos ) 奥罗拉 ( Aurora )花神克罗莉斯 ( Coloris ) 芙劳拉 ( Flora )田野女神冥后珀尔赛福涅( Persephone ) 普洛塞庇娜( Proserpina ) 牧羊神潘恩 ( Pan )冥王哈迪斯 ( Hades ) 普路托 ( Pluto )水仙之神纳尔喀索斯 ( Narcissus )彩虹女神伊莉斯 ( Iris )青春女神希琵 ( Hebe )灶神赫斯提亚 ( Hestia ) 维斯达 ( Vesta )医药之神乔利帕斯 ( Aesculapius )健康之神亥吉亚 ( Hygea )文艺女神缪斯 ( Muses )美惠三女神格拉斯 ( The Three Graces )山林女神宁芙 ( Nymphs )ps：美惠三女神：宙斯的三个女儿艾芙洛修妮（Euphrosyne）、阿葛莱雅（Aglaia）和泰莉亚（Thalia）。
希神与罗神对照表
二零一二年西方文化入门第五讲October, 2012希腊诸神和罗马诸神对照表Greek God/Goddess Roman God/GoddessZeus 宙斯（天王）Jupiter 朱庇特Hera 赫拉（天后）Juno 朱诺Athena 雅典娜Minerva 密涅瓦Demeter 德墨特尔（谷物女神）Ceres 色列斯Apollo 阿波罗（预言之神，主管光明、Apollo 阿波罗青春、音乐、诗歌、医药、畜牧等，）Artemis 阿尔忒弥斯（狩猎和动物）Diana 狄安娜Ares 阿瑞斯（战神）Mars 马尔斯Aphrodite 阿弗罗蒂狄（爱情和美丽之神）Venus 维纳斯Hephaestus 赫菲斯托斯（火和锻冶之神）Vulcan 伏尔干Hermes 赫尔墨斯（信使）Mercury 墨丘利（信使，掌管商业，道路，等）Poseidon 波塞冬（海神）Neptune 尼普顿Hestia 赫斯提（灶神或家室之神）Vesta 维斯太Hades 哈得斯（冥神）Pluto 普鲁托（冥王）Persephone 普西芬尼（冥后, 春天之神））ProserpinaDionysus 狄俄尼索斯（酒神）Bacchus 巴克斯（希神，罗神）Eros 厄洛斯（爱神）Cupid 丘比特（爱神）Religion plays an important role in his work, especially in Aeneid, an epic poem in twelve books composed in the last years of his life. It was designed to celebrate the origin and growth of the Roman Empire. It tells of the story of Aeneas who, after the fall of Troy and long wanderings, founded a Trojan settlement in Latium and thus became the ancestors of Romans. The epic provided an account of the origins of the Roman civilization and soon won Virgil the favour of Octavian and the ruling class. Its epic form afforded scope for the mythical and supernatural elements, as found in Homeric epic. It enabled the ancient beliefs and practices of magic and religion to be revealed. It glorified the Roman people and their principle families by depicting their ancestors in the heroic age, and by enlisting the device of prophecy, recounted thehistorical triumphs of Rome and Augustus. The striking feature of the poem is the conception of Italy as a single nation and of Roman history as a continuous whole form the founding of the city to the full expansion of the empire.The Aeneid succeeds in challenging the pre-eminence of the great Homeric poems as standards for the epic genre. There are many Homeric reminiscences, such as Aeneas’many adventures on his way to Italy in the first half of the epic, and the similar warring experiences between the Trojans and the Italians over a woman in the second half. Virgil nevertheless could always transform what he learned from the Greek epics. He invigorated sounds, sense images so that the Aeneid later became a model epic in the European tradition.Word Study to the excerpts from the poems of Horace1.stall: compartment, usu with three sides, for one animal in a stable or cattle shed2.disdain: to consider or reject as unworthy of oneself.3.retire: withdraw voluntarily, esp for reorganization4.Nymphs: one of the numerous female spirits inhabiting and animisticallyrepresenting feature of nature , as woodlands and waters. 林中和水中仙女。
古希腊神
罗马的众神全名在即将播出的《古罗马》系列片中，经常会提到的是罗马的传统众神。
小时候就看过古希腊罗马的神话故事。
现在再来复习一下。
罗马众神全名主要神祗:1、神王朱庇特（Jupiter）：即希腊神话中的宙斯（Zeus）2、天后朱诺（Juno）：即希腊神话中的赫拉（Hera）3、墨邱利（Mercury）：神的使者；商业之神，商人的保护者；相对应于希腊神话的赫耳墨斯（Hermes）.4、维纳斯（Venus）：美神、爱神；相对应于希腊神话的阿佛洛狄德（Aphrodite）。
5、玛尔斯（Mars）：战神；朱庇特与朱诺之子；相对应于希腊神话的阿瑞斯Ares。
6、萨图恩（Saturn）：农神；朱庇特的父亲，相对应于希腊神话的科罗努斯（Kronus）。
7、狄安娜（Diana）：月亮女神；狩猎及贞操之神，少女的保护者；相对应于希腊神话的阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis）。
8、阿波罗（Apollō）：太阳神；艺术、歌曲、诗歌之神；狄安娜的孪生哥哥；希腊和罗马名字相同。
9、米诺娃（Mineva）智慧、战术女神；朱庇特的女儿；相对应于希腊神话的雅典娜（Ath ena）。
10、赛尔斯（Cerēs）：丰收女神；朱庇特的二姐；相对应于希腊神话的狄蜜特（Demeter）。
11、伏尔肯（Vulcan）：火及锻造之神；维纳斯的丈夫；相对应于希腊神话的赫斐斯托斯（H ephaestus）。
12、尼普敦（Neputon）：海王神；海洋、地震、驯马之神；朱庇特的二哥。
相对应于希腊神话的波赛东（Posidon）。
13、普鲁托（Pluto）冥神；朱庇特的大哥；相对应于希腊神话的哈底斯（Hades）。
14、维斯太（Vista）女灶神；朱庇特的大姐；相对应于希腊神话的赫斯提Hestia。
15、邱比特（Cupid）：爱和爱欲之神；维纳斯的儿子，相对应于希腊神话的爱罗斯（Eros）。
16、欧若拉（Aurola）黎明女神；相对应于希腊神话的厄俄斯(Eos)。
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金星 Venus/ Aphrodite，距太阳第二，最亮，第六大行星。汉籍称太白金星、启明、长庚。
地球 Earபைடு நூலகம்h/ Tellus /Gaia，距太阳第三，第五大行星。
火星 Mars/Ares，距太阳第四，第七大行星。汉籍称荧惑。
木星 Jupiter/Zeus，距太阳第五，最大，比所有其他行星的合质量大2倍，是地球的318倍。汉籍称岁星。
Terra/Tellus
第一代大地母亲神/地球，卡奥斯Chaos之女
(希腊)哈迪斯
Hades
(罗马)普路托
Pluto
冥府之王/冥王星，死人之主；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子
(希腊)赫菲斯托斯
Hephaestus
(罗马)乌尔坎
Vulcan
火神及工匠之神，宙斯与赫拉之子
(希腊)赫拉
Odysseus
(罗马)尤利西斯
Ulysses
《奥德赛》主人公，足智多谋伊达卡国王，设木马计结束特洛伊战争
(希腊)佩尔塞福涅
Persephone
(罗马)普罗塞耳皮娜
Proserpina
冥后，青春女神，朱庇特与切勒斯之女；早期拉丁语叫丽贝尔Liber
(希腊)波塞冬
Poseidon
Hera
(罗马)朱诺/尤诺[女神]
Juno
婚姻与生育女神，已婚妇女的保护神，诸神之母后；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女
(希腊)赫拉克勒斯
Herakles
(罗马)海格立斯/赫尔库勒斯
Hercules
力大无比之神；宙斯与阿尔克墨涅之子
(希腊)赫尔墨斯
Hermes
(罗马)墨丘利
Mercury
(罗马)尼普顿
Neptune
海神/海王星，地震之神，克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子
(希腊)瑞亚
Rhea
(罗马)奥普斯[女神]
Ops
第二代大地母亲神；克罗诺斯之妻，诸女神之母；乌拉诺斯与盖亚之女
(希腊)乌拉诺斯
Uranus
(罗马)乌拉诺斯
Uranus
第一代天父/天王星，12提坦之父，盖亚之子
(希腊)狄奥尼索斯
Dionysus
(罗马)巴库斯
Bacchus
[葡萄]酒神，植物神；宙斯与塞墨勒之子；早期拉丁语叫利贝拉Libera
(希腊)埃罗斯
Eros
(罗马)库比德/丘比特
Cupid
爱神，调控性欲，一说卡奥斯Chaos之子
(希腊)盖亚
Gaea/Gaia
(罗马)特拉[女神]
(希腊)克罗诺斯
Cronus
(罗马)萨图恩
Saturn
第二代天父/土星，初司农业，后为黄金时代宇宙统治者；罗马神仅负责农业；乌拉诺斯与盖亚之子
(希腊)德墨忒尔
Demeter
(罗马)切勒斯[女神]
Ceres
粮食女神，第三代大地母亲神；冥后佩尔塞福涅之母；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女
月亮 Moon/Diana/ Artemis，是地球行星的卫星
2009-11-24
土星 Saturn/Cronus，距太阳第六，巨型气体行星Gas Giant,仅次于木星的第二大行星。汉籍称镇星或填星。
天王星 Uranus，距太阳第七，巨型气体行星；直径第三大，质量第四大。
海王星 Neptune/Poseidon，距太阳第八，是一个巨行星。
冥王星 Pluto/Hades，距太阳最远、质量最小，1930年被发现，2006年被逐出九大行星行列，降格为矮行星。
(希腊)阿克琉斯
Achilleus
(罗马)阿克里斯
Achilles
特洛伊战争中最勇敢强大的英雄，杀了赫克托尔；密尔弥冬人的国王佩琉斯与海仙忒提斯之子
(希腊)阿弗罗狄忒
Aphrodite
(罗马)维纳斯[女神]
Venus
金星，希腊神职司美丽与性爱，罗马神增加了园艺和丰产职责；宙斯与狄奥涅之女
(希腊)宙斯
Zeus
(罗马)朱庇特/尤比特
Jupiter
第三代天父/木星，奥林匹斯12神祇之王，职司风雨雷电；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之子
八大行星和月亮的英文与神话名称
（除地球和月亮常用英语Earth, Moon以外，其余行星都用拉丁文的神话称谓）
水星 Mercury/Hermes，距太阳最近，质量第二小。在空中移动快，故名。
(希腊)雅典娜
Athena
(罗马)米涅瓦[女神]
Minerva
早期职司艺术、手艺，帮助英雄；晚期变为智慧女神，女战神，雅典保护神。宙斯与墨提斯之女
(希腊)阿特拉斯
Atlas
(罗马)阿特拉斯
Atlas
大力神，因反叛宙斯被罚肩扛天球和地球，后指称地图集；一说乌拉诺斯与伊阿佩托斯之子
通讯神/水星，门神，保护工商、发明、旅游、盗贼；宙斯与玛亚之子
(希腊)赫斯提亚
Hestia
(罗马)维斯塔[女神]
Vesta
灶神，国家和家庭保护神；克罗诺斯与瑞亚之女
(希腊)许普诺斯
Hypnos
(罗马)索姆纳斯
Somnus
睡眠与梦幻之神，夜神尼克斯Nyx之子
(希腊)奥德修斯
(希腊)阿波罗
Apollon
(罗马)阿波罗
Apollo
早期职司预言、医疗、射艺；晚期演变为太阳神；宙斯与勒托之子
(希腊)阿瑞斯
Ares
(罗马)马尔斯
Mars
战神/火星, 宙斯与赫拉之子
(希腊)阿尔忒弥斯
Artemis
(罗马)狄安娜[女神]
Diana
早期职司狩猎、森林，晚期变为月亮女神；宙斯与勒托之女