清华大学实证金融Lecture Introduction

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清华大学宏观经济学课件第十六章.doc

清华大学宏观经济学课件第十六章.doc

第十六章财政政策与货币政策的作用本章要点:当你学籌本章后,你将能够1、描述联邦预算的过程,解释财政政策的影响。

2、描述美联储货币政策的过程,并解释货币政策的影响。

2002年,美国联邦政府支出两万亿美元,相当于美国人赚得的每个美元中就有二十美分的政府支出。

政府支出大于税收收入一一政府财政存在赤字。

政府支出、税收和政府预算赤字(或盈余)对经济有什么影响呢?每隔六周左右的时间,联邦公开市场委员会就会在联储在首都华盛顿的总部召开会议。

华尔街的人们和全国的金融管理者都在关注着这件事,寻找着利率变化的迹象。

联储的行为对经济有什么影响呢?在本章中,我们将在已经学过的有关总供给和总需求、总支出及货币的知识基础上,研究联邦政府和美联储为影响总需求和消除使经济远离充分就业状态的力量所使用的工具。

本章的冃的就是研究这些工具的作用。

后面的两章考察运用这些工具时的优先性和战略问题。

16.1 联邦预算和财政政策财政政罠:通过联邦预算将经济周期平滑化并促进经济增长的政策。

财政政策(fiscal policy)就是通过联邦预算将经济周期平滑化并促进经济增长。

我们通过描述联邦预算以及产生联邦预算的过程来开始我们对财政政策的研究。

16.1. 1 联邦预算联邦预算:美国政府每年支出、稅收、财政盈余或赤字的报告。

联邦预算(federal budget)是关于美国政府盈余或赤字、税收收入和支出的年度报告。

政府的盈余或赤字相当于政府的税收收入减支出,即预算盈余(+ ) /赤字(-)二税收收入■支出。

预算盈余:稅收收入超过支出时的预算结余。

预算赤字:支出超过稅收收入时的预算缺口。

平衡预算:稅收收入等于支出的预算。

如果税收收入超过支出便存在政府预算盈余(budget surplus);如果支出大于税收收入就会产生预算赤字(budget deficit);如果税收收入等于支出则为平衡预算(balanced budget)o政府举债为预算赤字融资,当预算有盈余吋政府偿还负债。

清华大学金融经济学浅述(ppt24).pptx

清华大学金融经济学浅述(ppt24).pptx
F $100 (115%) $115 ?
假如股票的远期价格是F=$106/股,用远期合约和无风险证 券来复制该股票,进行如下套利分析:
4
用远期合约和无风险证券来复制该股票
持仓量(头寸)
即期现金流
价值 $100 的无风险 证券的空头
订价为 $106 的 1股股票 的远期合约空头
以 $100 的价格购买 1 份股票现货(多头)
宋逢明 教授 清华大学
1
金融商品的特殊性
• 一般商品:使用价值的丰富多样性
• 金融商品:对未来收入现金流的索偿权
? 流动性
收益性 风险性 如何度量
……
2
复制套利分析
寻找套利机会
组合
复制
分解
+
+ ••• +
3
复制套利分析的微型案例
远期价格
一不分红股票的预期收益率为15%,现在的价格是 S0 $100, 1年期无风险利率是 rf 5% 。问现在该股票的1年期远期价格 应是多少?
P0
n t 1
Ct (1 r)t
0
n
Ct
t1 (1 r)t
n t 1
Ct (1 rt )t
17
— 无套利与风险中性定价
真实世界的概率平均值即预期值
PV
n t 1
ECt 1 rt t
折现率中含 有风险补偿
假想世界的风险中性概率平均值即风险中性者的预期值
问题:
风险中性概率是否
期货价格
套利机制
7
套利均衡的特殊性
供需均衡
价格 需求 供给
• 没有空头机制— —必须先买后卖
• 众多供给者和需 求者共同调整建立 均衡

Chapter_01_489909035清华大学经济学原理讲义

Chapter_01_489909035清华大学经济学原理讲义
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“经济学原理”课可以改变人生
“在我当学生的20年中,最令我兴奋的课程是我 在上大学一年级时所选的连续两个学期的经济 学原理。可以毫不夸张地说,这门课改变了我 的一生。” ——曼昆《经济学原理》序言 “During my 20 year career as a student, the course that excited me most was the twosemester sequence on the principles of economics that I took during my freshman year in college. It is no exaggeration to say that it changed my life.”
什么是金融学(Finance)
“微观金融”(finance)
公司金融(corporate
finance)(又称公司财务) 资产定价(asset pricing)
“宏观金融”
货币银行(money
and banking) 国际金融 (international finance) 开放经济的宏观经济学(open economy macroeconomics)
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一种新的思维方式 A New Way of Thinking
经济学是这样一门学科——可以凭少量 的知识去理解广泛的现象。 Economics is a subject in which a little knowledge goes a long way.
16
凯恩斯:经济学思想的力量 John Maynard Keynes on Economic Ideas
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经济学的三类问题
1. 人们如何作出决策 How People Make Decisions

清华大学 金融机构 Lecture 1 利率

清华大学 金融机构 Lecture 1 利率
When P $750, i 33.0, Bd > Bs (excess demand): P to P*, i to i*
Determinants of Asset Demand

An asset is a piece of property that is a store of value. Facing the question of whether to buy and hold an asset or whether to buy one asset rather than another, an individual must consider the following factors:

Interest Rate Fundamentals

What is interest?
Why do we care about interest rates?

They affect


Cost of external financing Consumption, investment, etc.

It’s also straight-forward to show that the value of a security (price) and yield to maturity (YTM) are negatively related. If i increases, the PV of any given cash flow is lower; hence, the price of the security must be lower.
1.
2.
Wealth, the total resources owned by the individual, including all assets Expected return (the return expected over the next period) on one asset relative to alternative assets

清华大学431金融学综合考研资料参考书目及历年真题笔记讲义

清华大学431金融学综合考研资料参考书目及历年真题笔记讲义

资料内容如下(绝对物超所值)前言:2021年的硝烟方才散去,2021年的猛烈竞争又开始了。

清华大学五道口金融学院是精英的舞台,报考五道口,确实是选择与精英为伍!风霜雨雪成绩道口三十年, 考研路上,坚持成绩妄图。

凡是考过研的人都明白,名校专业课信息封锁是出了名的,很多同窗温习的内容和教师出题的起点不在同一层次上,付出了相同的尽力,最后的分数却有可能相差几十分,因此能够选对专业课的温习资料是考名校的一个冲破点,故考人行有“得专业课者得天下”。

古语有云:“工欲善其事,必先利其器”,咱们本着诚信经营,一切以考生为中心的理念,踊跃整理2021年五道口的专业课资料,为考生顺利考上心仪的五道口助一臂之力。

第一说明考五道口必备参考书:一、投资学和公司理财是超级重要的,前者博迪,后者罗斯二、CPA财务治理及财务治理轻松过关一3、货币银行学讲义,易纲、黃达、胡庆康任意看一本,4、国际金融必看姜波克(以上教材是猪哥建议的,且宏微观没必要看了,也可不能考,不信的也能够参见猪哥微博)本店专业课资料包括以下各部份:一、真题部份一、2021年清华五道口金融学院专业课真题(尽力回忆版)二、备考建议一、2021年五道口金融学院专业课备考的一些小建议一一猪哥二、清华五道口金融学院2021考研政策解读一一猪哥3、五道口2021猪哥问答相信凡是要考五道口的人必然都明白猪哥,猪哥在五道口考研专业课辅导中的地位无人能够撼动,若是你打算考五道口却没听过猪哥,我只能表示无奈了,你到底打不打算考上五道口,亲?!?本资料包括猪哥对2021年、2021年考研的最新指导可供列位考生参考学习,若是不信能够关注猪哥的微博以证明本资料的真实性和权威性!什么?你不明白猪哥的微博!汗呐!三、核心资料下面是本店的绝密核心资料,全国独家拥有!一、独家重磅推出2021年凯程五道口金融硕士全程班视频加密文件,确认收货后授权播放(猪哥上讲,清华大学2021年金融硕士初复试状元辅之)(原价3900元)你有的他人能够没有,他人有的你绝对不能没有!快来抢购吧!★资料内容翔实绝对物超所值*其实上面这些资料只要你认真温习就已经完全足够了,但为了减缓有些考生对备考五道口资料不全的担忧,顺便补充2021年和2020年猪哥讲解的视频,资料很宝贵奥,固然也有些店主拿这些已通过时的视频欺骗某些考生,咱们只能表示无奈和同情了。

金融学概论讲义(北大光华管理学院) lecture05

金融学概论讲义(北大光华管理学院) lecture05
9
Assumptions of CAPM
• Investors evaluate portfolios by looking at the expected returns and standard deviations of the portfolio over a single period Investors have homogeneous expectations with respect to the expected returns, standard deviations and co-variances of the risky securities Investors are risk–averse and prefer more than less Perfect markets: no taxes, no transaction costs, securities are infinitely divisible, same borrowing and lending rates, information freely available to all investors
• Since every investor’s relative holdings of the risky security is the same, the only way the asset market can clear is if those optimal relative proportions are the proportions in which they are valued in the market place i.e. in equilibrium, the tangent portfolio must be the market portfolio • Depending on their risk aversions, different investors hold portfolios with different mixes of riskless asset and the market portfolio The market portfolio is an efficient portfolio

《金融学》PPT课件(清华大学出版社)高等学校应用型特色规划教材ECONOMICS OF MONEY AND FINANCE

《金融学》PPT课件(清华大学出版社)高等学校应用型特色规划教材ECONOMICS OF MONEY AND FINANCE

第一章 金融导论
【专栏1-2】
金融领域覆盖范围 按 照 联 合 国 统 计 署 有 关 “ Financial and Related Service”(金融及相关服务)这一项统计口径,其覆盖面大致为:
——金融中介服务,包括中央银行服务、存贷业务和银行中介 业务的服务;
——投资银行服务; ——非强制性的保险和养老金服务、再保险服务; ——房地产、租借、租赁等服务;
第一章 金融概述
第一节 金融与金融体系
货币的流通及其管理 货币资金的筹集
金 融 活 动
财政、银行的资金分配 企业内部的资金分配 间接融通和直接融通 资金的融通 资金的配置和调度 信贷资金结构的调整和管理
纵向融通和横向融通
国内融通和国际融通
资金周转速度及资金运用效率的管理
第一章 金融概述
第一节 金融与金融体系
第一章 金融导论
第一节 金融概述
三、金融体系
金融体系是国民经济体系内围绕资金融通、由相关要素 有机构成的子系统。 金融工具 金融体系 金融市场 金融制度 金融机构
第一章 金融导论
第一节 金融概述
(一)金融工具 金融工具又称信用工具,通常是依一定格式作成、用 以证明或创设金融交易各方权利和义务的书面凭证。
(二)金融机构
凡专门从事各种金融活动的组织,均称金融机构。金 融机构的职能,概括言之,就是组织社会资金的运动,建 立或疏通资金融通的渠道。
第一章 金融导论
第一节 金融概述
(三)金融市场 金融市场即资金融通的场所,它是经济生活中与商品市 场、劳务市场和技术市场并列的一种市场。通过金融市场, 资金的供求双方,直接或借助于信用中介进行资金的融通, 并基于资金供求的对比,形成相应的市场“价格”,即利率。 (四)金融制度 金融制度是由金融立法、基本金融政策和金融规章建立 起来的,有关金融交易、金融调控和金融监管的相对稳定的 运行框架和办事规程。

金融帝国清华大学演讲文字版

金融帝国清华大学演讲文字版

金融帝国清华大学演讲文字版如果认为美国崛起为世界最强国还是遵循了以私人金融资本的推动为特征的欧洲模式,那么该观点是过于简单了。

为了理解美国在过去八十年期间的外交动力,人们不仅需要阅读约翰。

霍布森(JohnHobson)和列宁(VILenin),而且需要做更多。

美国以一系列的全新政策赢得了全球地位,这些政策是第一次世界大战之前,甚至是20世纪70年代之前的经济学者所料想不到的。

关国经验的教训之一是,已嵌入现被称为华盛顿共识的国家外交不只是商业动力的延伸。

它真是由美国战略家对其认知的世界权力(被委婉地称为国家安全)和经济优势的压倒性关切塑造的,这种压倒性关切与私人投资者的利润动机是截然不同的。

虽然帝国主义的根源及其外交对抗总是经济性的,但这些根源,尤其是对抗策略,在不同时期对于不同国家并不是相同的。

为揭示这些外交策略和原则,本书闸述了美国是如何在第一次世界太战后,通过其政府向战时盟国提供武器出口和战后重建贷款时所附加的前所未有的条件,而上升为世界债权因的。

在管理盟因间债务方面,美国政府的目的与目标不同于正布森和列宁在其关于欧洲帝国冲突的分析中所重点关注的私人部门投资资本。

美国对其在世界上的地位和角色有着独特的理解,由此对其自我利益也同样如此。

美国的孤立主义和经常以救世主自居的道德规范可以追踪到19世纪40年代,即便美国共和党人的表达方式与民主党人的有所不同。

(我在1975年就19世纪美国思湖中的经济学和工艺学所做的考察中,闸述了这种社会哲学。

)内战前美国工业家的发盲人一以亨利,凯利(Henry,Carey),E,装辛,史密斯EPeshine,Smith)及其追随者为首的政治经济学美国学派——相信通过在同英国和其他欧洲国家贸易往来中对本国经济实行保护,美国能够崛起为世界强因。

其目标不亚于创造一种新的文明,一种以高工资为先决条件追求更高生产率的文明。

结果将出现一个富足社会,而不是一个其文化与政治原则建立于稀缺现象之上的社会。

金融学概论讲义(北大光华管理学院)lecture06

金融学概论讲义(北大光华管理学院)lecture06

Principles of FinanceLecture 06Forward and Futures ContractsThe Nature of Derivatives∙ A derivative is an instrument whose value depends on the values of other more basic underlying variables∙Examples of derivatives-F orward-F utures-O ptions-S waps……Derivative Markets ∙Exchange Traded-Standard products-Trading floor or computer trading-Virtually no credit risk∙Over-the-Counter (OTC)-Non-standard products-Telephone market-Credit riskForward Contracts∙ A forward contract is an agreement made today to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future for a certain price (referred to as the forward price or the delivery price)∙The delivery price is usually chosen so that the initial value of the contract is zero; No money changes hands when contract is first negotiated and it is settled at maturity∙An OTC agreement between two parties and both parties are subject to credit risk∙Both parties have the obligation to honor the contractSettlement of Forward Contracts∙Physical: requires delivery of actual assets∙ Cash settled: requires only the exchange of the difference between the delivery price and the prevailing spot price at maturity∙Suppose that:Long 3-month Gold forwardDelivery price $300Spot price at t = 3 months: $320P/L from a Long Forward PositionS, TP/L from a Short Forward PositionSTFutures Contract∙Futures are standardized forward contracts.∙Whereas a forward contract is traded OTC a futures contract is traded on an exchange∙Specifications need to be defined:-The underlying asset-Delivery location-Maturity date and delivery time-Method of settlement∙Most contracts are closed out before maturityFeatures Promoting Liquidity ∙Standardized Contract-Maturity dates-Contract size-Price tick size, i.e. minimum price movement-The underlying asset (especially commodities) ∙Organized exchangesFeatures Reducing Credit Risk∙Daily settlement: Futures contracts are marked to market and settled at the end of every business day∙Margin account: To buy or sell a futures contract, the investor is required to post a specified margin to guarantee contract performance∙Clearinghouse: The clearinghouse does not take a position in any trade but interpose itself between two parties in every transactionMargin Accounts∙ A margin is cash or marketable securities deposited by an investor with his or her broker∙The balance in the margin account is adjusted to reflect daily settlement (profit or loss)∙Initial margin: The amount a trader must deposit into his/her trading account (i.e. margin account) when establishing a futures position∙When the balance in the margin account falls to, or below, a maintenance margin level, the trader receives a margin call and is requested to top up the account to the initial level. The extra funds deposited are known as a variation margin∙If the balance in the margin account exceeds the initial margin level, the trader is entitled to withdraw the excess funds in the accountExample of the Margin Account ∙An investor takes long position in $/£ futures∙Contract size: £62,500∙Initial margin: 1,485$∙Maintenance margin: 1,100$Date SettlementPrice OpeningBalance($)DailyP/L ($)ClosingBalance($)Margincall ($)Cumulative P/L ($)1.6500 1,48501/11 1.6508 1,485 50 1,535 50 02/11 1.6412 1,535 -600 935 550 -550 03/11 1.6384 1,485 -175 1,310 -725 04/11 1.6456 1,310 450 1,760 -275 05/11 1.6492 1,760 225 1,985 -50The Economic Function of Futures MarketsThe futures markets facilitate the re-allocation of exposure to commodity price risk among market participants.By providing a means to hedge the price risk associated with storing a commodity, futures contracts make it possible to separate the decision of whether to physically store a commodity from the decision to have financial exposure to price changes.The Economic Function of Futures MarketsThe existence of the futures market for wheat conveys information to all producers, distributors, and consumers; and this eliminates the necessity for market participants to gather and process information in order to forecast the future spot priceSuppose the commodity is wheat, and next year’s crop is expected to be much higher than average, then futures prices may be lower than the spot, (the spread may be negative,) nobody will store wheat.The Law of One Price and Arbitrage∙In a competitive market, if two assets are equivalent they will tend to have the same price∙The law of one price is enforced by a process called arbitrage∙Arbitrage is the purchasing of a set of assets, and immediate sale of another set of assets, in such a way as to earn a sure profit from price differences∙Arbitrage process brings two equivalent assets to the same price, this is known as market clearing.An Arbitrage Opportunity?∙Shares of General Motors (GM) are listed on both NYSE and LSE ∙The quoted price is £100 in London and $148 in New York∙The current exchange rate is $1.4500/£∙An arbitrage opportunity?Another Arbitrage Opportunity?∙There are two investment portfolios: portfolio A and portfolio B∙The payoffs at maturity are as follows:State 1 State 2Portfolio A $70 $100Portfolio B $70 $100∙The current quoted price of portfolio A is $80 and the current quoted price for portfolio B is $82∙An arbitrage opportunity?Framework for Forward/Future Pricing ∙Future price: price of the future∙Spot price: price of the underlying asset at present∙Future spot price: price of the underlying asset in the futureFramework for Forward/Future Pricing Suppose you have some spare cash, and you want to invest it in gold in a year’s time. There are 2 ways to do it:A.Buy gold at the spot price with your money, store it for a year(which means you incur some storage costs), sell it at the future spot price.B.Enter into a forward/future contract of gold, put your money in abank for a year, buy A at the forward/future price in the end of the year, sell it at the future spot price.Since the two strategies are equivalent, they must provide the same return so that there are no arbitrage opportunities.Framework for Forward/Future PricingDenote S as the spot price of gold, F as the forward/future price of gold, FS as the future spot price of gold, s as the storage cost of gold as a fraction of spot price, r as the risk-free interest rate:Return of A: FS S s S -- Return of B: FS FrS -+FS S FS Fs rS S---=+Therefore: (1)F r s S =++Framework for Forward/Future Pricing∙Forward price must be arbitrage-free∙Suppose that-The spot price of gold is US$300-The 1-year US$ interest rate is 8% per annum with annual compounding-Storage costs 2% of gold.-The forward-spot-price-parity relation implies that the one-year forward price is:+=++F⨯rs=S+08)30033002.0)1(.01(=∙Forward prices above $330 permit arbitrage-Suppose the forward price is $340-At time t = 0- Sell gold forward at $340- Borrow $300 at 8% pa- Purchase gold in the spot market at $300, store for a year (storage costs $6)-At time t = 1 year- Deliver gold and receive $340-Pay back loan with interest ($324)-Pay storage cost: ($6)- Make a profit of $10: 340-324-6=10∙Forward prices below $330 permit arbitrage-Suppose the forward price is $320-At time t = 0-Buy gold forward at $320-Sell short gold in the spot market at $300 (borrow gold and sell it immediately)-Deposit $300 at 8% pa-At time t = 1 year-Accept delivery of gold for $320: ($320)-Return the gold and receive storage cost: $6-Receive deposit with interest of $324-Make a profit of $10: 324+6-320=10Financial FuturesThe underlying asset of a financial future is a financial instrument, e.g. stock, bond, foreign currency, etc.Example: Share A has a spot price of $100 (S=100), the risk-free interest rate is 8% (r=0.08) with annual compounding, what’s the forward price?Forward-spot-price-parity for a share with no dividend with maturity of T years:T1(+=SrF)Financial FuturesThe investor has two equivalent investment strategies:1.buy one share A, hold it for a year, and sell it at the future spotprice of 1S. Cash flow in a year’s time: 1S2.buy a forward/future contract of share A at the price of F, make adeposit in a risk-free asset with future value of F, take the money out after a year, and buy the share at F, sell it in the market at the future spot price of 1S. Cash flow in a year’s time: 1SThe law of one price says that they should have the same price today since they produce the same amount of cash flow in a year’s time!Financial FuturesPrice of strategy 1: the spot price of share A: SPrice of strategy 2: the amount of cash invested into the risk-free asset so as to generate F in a year’s time: F/(1+r)Therefore: S=F/(1+r)Rearranging, we have:F+=S)1(rIf the futures contract matures in T years, it becomes:T=1(+rSF)Financial FuturesWhat if share A pays dividend of D in a year’s time?Again the investor has two equivalent strategies:Strategy 1: buy share A at the spot price S, hold it for one year, receive dividend of D, and sell the share at the future spot price of S. Cash flow in a year’s time: 1S+ D1Strategy 2: buy a forward/future contract at the price of F, make an investment in a risk-free asset with future value of F+D, take the money out after a year, buy the share at F, sell it in the market at the future spot price of 1S. Cash flow in a year’s time: 1S+DFinancial FuturesPrice of strategy 1: the spot price of share A: SPrice of strategy 2: the amount of cash invested into the risk-free assetso as to generate F+D in a year’s time (F+D)/(1+r)Applying the law of one price, we have: S=(F+D)/(1+r) Rearranging, we have the forward-spot-price-parity of a share with dividend payment:F=S(1+r)-DThe Forward Price is not a Forecast of Future Spot Price The forward price is obtained without risk from the current spot and risk free investmentThe spot value at a future date is obtained by investing in the security and accepting (market) risk, and this risk must be rewardedFX Forward RateDefine HC r and FC r as the effective interest rates at home andabroadFCHCr r S F ++=11where F and S are defined as the number of units of HC per unit of FC. For example, suppose £1=$1.6, then F =1.6 and $r r HC =, £r r FC = if you are buying a pound future; F =0.625 and £r r HC =, $r r FC = if you are buying a dollar future.The FX Forward RateSuppose an investor wants to buy a futures contract of pound sterling at F , i.e. he can buy pound at the price of £1=$F in a year’s time. The spot price of pound is S , i.e. £1=$S . So here pound is the foreign currency, dollar is the home currency. The risk-free interest rates are: $r r HC =, £r r FC =. What is the proper price of the future contract?The investor has two equivalent strategies: Stragegy 1:At t=0: Enter into a futures contract of pound with futures price of F . Cash flow: 0At t=1: Buy pound at F . Cash flow: FThe FX Forward RateStrategy 2:At t=0: Borrow )1/(£r S + of US dollars, change into £1/(1)r + of pounds, put it in a bank at the pound interest rate. Cash flow: 0At t=1, take the money out (in pound), pay back the dollar loan. Cashflow: $£11r Sr ++The FX Forward RateSince the two strategies both will give you one pound in a year’s time, the law of one price says that they have the same price, i.e. the amount of investment of these two strategies must be the same:$£11r F Sr +=+More generally:FCHCr r SF ++=11Pricing FX Forward Contract∙ Suppose that:Spot $/£: 1.4222One-year $ interest rate: %00.5 per annum with annual compounding One-year £ interest rate: %00.6 per annum with annual compounding∙ The six-month £ forward rate:415.10296.010247.014222.11111£$=++⨯=++=++=r r S r r S F FC HCAs a rule of thumb, if the foreign currency offers a higher interest rate, the future price of the foreign currency will be lower than the spot price.Corporate Applications: Hedging∙Receive FC payment at a future date ⇒ sells FC forward short∙Boeing has just sold 10 Boeing-747s to British Airways with total price of £200m payable in one year’s time∙Boeing can hedge this cash flow in £ by selling £ forward short∙If the one-year forward rate is $1.60/£, so Boeing will receive $320m no matter how exchange rate $/£ movesCorporate Applications: Hedging∙Make FC payment at a future date ⇒ buys FC forward (long)∙An US company imported some goods from Switzerland and is due to pay SFr100m in six months’ time∙The company can hedge its exposure to SFr by buying SFr forward. The six-month forward rate is SFr1.54/$, so the company is required to pay $64.94mThe Role of Expectations in Determining Exchange Rates Consider a world in which there are two countries, Domestic & Foreign, and conditions are such in each country that the yield curves are flat, with yields of 5% and 10% respectively.Further assume that the exchange rate is 1 todayThe 1-year forward is 1*1.05/1.10=0.9545The Role of Expectations in Determining Exchange Rates If the interest rate in Foreign is higher than in Domestic, one explanation may be that the rate of inflation is higher.Assume no taxes, and the interest rate difference is the result inflation being 5% and 10% respectively.Then the price dynamics of both countries will result in an exchange rate of 0.9545 next year, which is also the forward rate.The Role of Expectations in Determining Exchange Rates In real life, things are not so simple, but several mechanisms may be postulated that support the expectations hypothesis.International investor confidence, and their forecasts of inflation, place price pressure on both spot and forward exchange rates through the international bond market。

《郑振龙金融工程》课件

《郑振龙金融工程》课件

风险管理理论与方法
风险管理目标:降低风险, 提高收益
风险管理定义:识别、评估 和控制风险的过程
风险管理方法:风险规避、 风险转移、风险分散、风险
对冲等
风险管理工具:保险、期货、 期权、互换等
投资组合优化理论
投资组合优化理论概述
投资组合优化理论的基本概念
投资组合优化理论的应用
投资组合优化理论的发展趋势
郑振龙金融工程发展历程
1990年代:郑振龙开始研究金融工程,并提出金融工程理论 2000年代:郑振龙在金融工程领域取得重要成果,发表多篇论文 2010年代:郑振龙在金融工程领域继续深入研究,并担任多个学术职务 2020年代:郑振龙在金融工程领域继续取得重要成果,并担任多个学术职务
郑振龙金融工程研究领域
金融市场:包括股票市场、债券市场、外 汇市场等
金融风险:包括市场风险、信用风险、流 动性风险等
金融工程方法:包括套期保值、风险对冲、 资产组合管理等
金融工程应用:包括投资组合研究方法
理论研究:运用金融学、经济学、数学等学科的理论知识进行研究 实证研究:通过收集和分析实际数据,验证理论模型的有效性 案例研究:通过对具体案例的分析,探讨金融工程的应用和效果 模拟实验:通过计算机模拟,验证金融工程的可行性和效果
金融市场微观结构理论
市场参与者:投资者、交易商、做市商 等
市场效率:价格发现、流动性等
市场机制:竞价交易、做市商交易等
市场风险:市场风险、流动性风险等
市场结构:集中市场、分散市场等
市场监管:市场监管机构、监管政策等
Part Five
郑振龙金融工程实 践应用
金融衍生品定价实践
金融衍生品:包括期货、期权、互换等 定价方法:如Black-Scholes模型、二叉树模型等 应用案例:如股票期权定价、利率互换定价等 风险管理:如何利用金融衍生品进行风险管理

清华大学投资学课程课件 lecture 9

清华大学投资学课程课件 lecture 9

Chapter Summary
Objective: To examine various strategies available to fixed-income portfolio managers.
Review of bond pricing relationships Duration Passive Fixed Income Management
Duration/Price Relationship
Price percentage change is proportional to duration and not to maturity
dP −D = dyP 1 + y
Or, if we denote D* modified duration
?????pricepercentagechangeisproportionaltodurationandnottomaturitydurationpricerelationship1yddypdp???ydd??1ydpp????orifwedenotedmodifieddurationdurationpricerelationshipcont
Bond Pricing Relationships
Price
Market interest
Interest Rate Sensitivity (Price-Interest Relation Curve)
Bond A B C D
0
Coupon Maturity 12% 12% 3% 3%
Initial YTM 5 years 10% 30 years 10% 30 years 10% 30 years 6%
Managing Fixed Income Securities: Basic Strategies

清华大学公司金融金融硕士课程CF5.pdf

清华大学公司金融金融硕士课程CF5.pdf

Hao Wang (Tsinghua University)
Stock Valuation
Fall 2013 3 / 32
Dividend Growth Model (DGM)
Hao Wang (Tsinghua University)
Stock Valuation
Fall 2013 4 / 32
Dividends Capital Gain: a pro…t made from buying an asset and reselling it at a higher price Valuation of Di¤erent Types of Stocks Zero Growth Constant Growth Di¤erential Growth
1 Estimate future dividends in the foreseeable future. 2 Estimate the future stock price when the stock becomes a Constant
Growth Stock (case 2). 3 Compute the total present value of the estimated future dividends
Stock Valuation
Fall 2013 16 / 32
Example
A common stock just paid a dividend of $2. The dividend is expected to grow at 8% for 3 years, then it will grow at 4% in perpetuity. What is the stock worth? The discount rate is 12%.

清华大学房地产金融实务课件_275PPT

清华大学房地产金融实务课件_275PPT
• 1、房地产业 • 房地产业是指从事房地产开发、经营、服
务的产业。
• 2、金融业 • 金融是货币资金的一种融通形式,它包括
与货币流通和信用有关的一切经济活动, 最显著的特征是有借有还的资金融通形式。
(二)房地产业与金融业
• 房地产具有位置的固定性和使用的耐久 性等自然属性和具有高资本价值特性, 投资与消费双重性等经济属性,从而使 房地产的信托、保险和抵押等成为金融 业较为安全、可靠的投资、融资的领域, 也是金融业重点发展业务的领域,金融 业在支持房地产发展的同时,也提升了 自身产业质量和收益率。
第四章 房地产抵押贷款
• 第一节 房地产抵押贷款概述 • 一、房地产抵押贷款的含义 • 二、房地产抵押贷款的发展 • 三、房地产抵押贷款的分类 • 四、房地产抵押贷款的特点 • 五、房地产抵押贷款的作用 • 六、房地产抵押贷款市场结构
继上页
• 第二节 房地产抵押贷款的程序 • 一、提出抵押贷款申请 • 二、贷前审查 • 三、对抵押房地产的估价 • 四、房地产抵押贷款合同的签订和登记 • 五、抵押房地产的保险 • 六、贷款比例、期限、利率 • 七、贷款种类和还款方式 • 八、抵押物的占管和处分
第一章 房地产金融概述
• 第一节 房地产金融概述 • 一 房地产业与金融业 • 二 房地产金融概述 • 三 房地产金融的特征 • 四 房地产金融的作用 • 第二节 房地产金融机构 • 一 房地产金融机构的含义 • 二 我国房地产金融机构的发展经历 • 三 银行类的房地产金融机构 • 四 非银行房地产金融机构 • 第三节 我国房地产金融的发展经历及现状 • 一 我国房地产金融的发展经历 • 二 我国房地产金融的现状
第十章 美国次贷危机
• 第一节 美国次贷危机的概况 • 一、次贷危机的概念 • 二、次贷危机的发展进程

清华经管计量经济学Lecture 2

清华经管计量经济学Lecture 2
We flip a coin 5000 times. For each number of flips from 1 to 5000, we have plotted the proportion of those flips that gave a head, as shown by the (solid) red line.
Preliminary Part I: Basics of Probability Theory
The prerequisites of this course are introductory level probability theory and statistics . In this part we review the basics of the probability theory.
Number of flips
Shengjie Hong (SEM, Tsinghua)
hongshj@
Lecture 1
8 / 99
P ROBABILITY: T HE S TUDY OF R ANDOMNESS An example: Flip a coin 5000 times
Shengjie Hong (SEM, Tsinghua)
hongshj@
Lecture 1
12 / 99
T HE S AMPLE S PACE
The sample space S is the set of all possible outcomes. Let’s look at a few examples. Sample space of tossing a coin. Toss a coin. There are only two possible outcomes, and the sample space is S = {head, tail} or, more briefly, S = {H, T}. Sample space of tossing a coin three times. Toss a coin three times, and record the results of each of the three tosses in order.The sample space is the set of all 8 strings of three H’s and T’s: S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} . Sample space of tossing a coin four times. How many different outcomes are there in the sample space? Answer: 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 24 = 16.

清华大学经济管理学院金融市场学ch(13)

清华大学经济管理学院金融市场学ch(13)
货币市场工具
– 短期国库券 – 大额存单 – 商业票据 – 银行承兑汇票 – 回购协议 – 联邦基金 – 欧洲美元
清华大学 经济管理学院 国际贸易与金融系 朱宝宪副教授
h
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
5
第一章 金融市场概论
金融工具的种类(2)
固定收益的资本市场工具
– 中长期国债 – 联邦机构债券 – 市政债券 – 公司债券 – 抵押支撑债券
1.2七.3 、金金融融市市场场的的全发球展化趋趋势势
金融市场的全球化 金融产品与非金融资产的证券化 金融产品创新的工程化
清华大学 经济管理学院 国际贸易与金融系 朱宝宪副教授
h
10
第一章 金融市场导论
清华大学 经济管理学院 国际贸易与金融系 朱宝宪副教授
h
1
第一章 金融市场概论
一、金融市场定义
金融市场是金融工具进行交易的 场所或机制, 也是确定金融工具价格的场所或 机制。
清华大学 经济管理学院 国际贸易与金融系 朱宝宪副教授
h
2
第一章 金融市场概论
二、金融市场的主要内容
在金融市场中交易的是各种金融工具 (financial instruments), 在金融市场中,金融机构(financial 扮 institutes) 演了关键的角色。因为金融机构不仅是 金融工具的最积极的交易参加者,还是 所有金融工具的创造者和所有金融工具 交易的中介。
中央银行 商业银行 投资银行 投资基金
清华大学 经济管理学院 国际贸易与金融系 朱宝宪副教授
h
8
第一章 金融市场概论
1六.2.、2 金金融融市市场场的的作功用能
金融市场与经济体系的关系
金融市场与国民经济关系图 家庭 厂商 政府 国外

高级金融课件

高级金融课件
In classes, the teacher will work on the relevant
literature and reference materials.
1、课程重点 2、教学安排 3、行为金融 4、论文阅读
何谓“高级”金融
为了解决金融市场中的问题以利用尽可能少的工具构
建统一的金融理论,人们提出了行为金融学。本课程 主要介绍行为金融学的理论基础、所研究的现象及其 在实践中的应用。 这些应用主要体现在:1)投资机构如何利用投资者的 行为偏差为其提供行为导向的投资建议,也就是现有 金融市场中的wealth management分支;2)投资者如 何利用现有的市场异象进行投资,即可采取的trading strategy,诸如Small vs Big,Value vs Growth,Price Momentum 和 Earnings Momentum。
课程概述
This course represents an advanced study of
corporate finance and analytical tools for students to understand how to do finance research and study finance cases.
通过本学期的学习, 你将有以下收获……
学术研究 职业专题 行业分析
• 课堂教学+经典论文阅读 • 时事评论+经典案例学习 • 基金公司的量化投资策略研究 • 理财服务、风险管理的职业特点 • 当前宏观背景下的行为金融学 • 中国、美国、欧洲市场探究
无论大家的金融背景、就业目标、学术追求有何不同,
Class 9
Class 10 Class 11

清华大学经济管理课程

清华大学经济管理课程
创业投资管理Enterprise Founding and Investment Management
项目管理Research Project Management
企业家与创新Entrepreneur and Innovation
技术战略Technology and Strategy
创意开发方法Creativity Approaches
公司综合风险管理Integrated Corporate Risk Management
企业价值评估Business Valuation
债券市场与工具Debt Instrument and Market
房地产开发与投资案例分析Real Estate Development anቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ Investment Case Studies
比较管理学Comparative Management
管理沟通Managerial Communication
高级管理沟通Advanced Managerial Communication
人力资源管理与开发Human Resource Development and Management
领导与变革Leadership and Change
职业发展Career Development
组织架构、组织设计与组织控制Organizational Architecture and Design
跨文化管理Cross-Cultural Management
薪酬管理与激励Compensation and Motivation
研究方法与信息决策类
管理研究方法论Business Research Methodology
消费行为学Consumer Behavior

清华大学金融工程学 (7)

清华大学金融工程学 (7)
• Generalizing: Financial Engineering involves the design, the development, and the implementation of innovative financial instruments and processes, and the formulation of creative solutions to problems in finance. • Specializing: Financial Engineering is risk management via creative structural tools.
Money Control
Commercial Banking
Non-Bank Financial Liquidity Sector
4
What is Finance?
• Money & Banking — Monetary Economics
• International Finance — International Economics
3
Money vs. Finance
Monetary Economics Money / Credit Creation Money & Banking Central Bank International Finance vs. Financial Economics Return / Risk Allocation Corporate Finance Investments (Capital Markets)
– Real asset –tangible and intangible – Financial assets
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周皓
《实证金融》导论
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实证研究课题:学习小组4-6人
• 第11周一(5.5)中午12点,上交一篇5页左右的 立项报告(Research Proposal),阐述:
– 研究什么问题、使用什么数据、运用那些计量统计 方法、预期什么样的结论、日程安排等?
– 周二(5.6)课上各小组上台宣讲,8分钟,6张slides
• 为什么要学特别难的课程
周皓
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二、课程简介:目标
• 了解金融产品市场的基本知识(股票、债 券、信用、外汇、期权,等等)
• 各类金融市场风险和收益的关系 - 风险溢价 • 金融资产定价的实证研究方法(淡化理论) • 硕士生毕业论文选题 • 学生未来的就业挑战:金融实业机构、金
融监管机关、博士学位深造,等等
周皓
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Outline
• 培养什么样的人? • 课程简介 • 课程考核 • 实证金融的总体框架 • 基本概念及市场有效性
周皓
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一、培养什么样的人?
• 五道口转型的一个重要原因
• 最优秀企业家和经济学家的共同特性
• 扭转应试教育的风气
• 培养原创精神
周皓
《实证金融》导论
– Portfolio Optimization (passive fund dominates) – Market Microstructure (fall semester elective) – Behavioral Finance (some research papers over)
周皓
《实证金融》导论
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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什么是“实证金融”?
• 在金融理论(资产定价和公司金融)和经济理 论(宏观、微观、国际)指导下
• 运用经济计量和数理统计方法 • 连接桥梁:理论模型和统计数据 • 研究金融市场和公司金融的重要实际问题(检
验假说和理论、解释现象和困惑、市场模型设 计和预测,等等) • 关键是要有好的idea, 好的数据,好的 implementation (学期实证论文)
• 第16周周二课上,各小组上台宣讲研究成果
– 12分钟,10张slides,互相评议,提修改意见
• 第18周周一交研究报告,15页文字加图表
周皓
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四、《实证金融》总体框架
• 国际学术界的主流分类方式
– 实证资产定价(这门课涵盖主要内容) – 实证公司金融(这门课涉及一个专题)
• 因为时间限制,有意省略某些专题,比如
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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Explanations
• Rational expectation asset pricing models • Behavioral or irrational “stories” • Cross-sections (Size, Book-to-Market) • Long-run risks (Bansal and Yaron 2004) • Not mentioned: Short-run risks?
8
教师应该怎么培养学生?
• 例子:杜克导师 George Tauchen
– 博士课学生的工作量是一般课程的三倍 – 不少学生上课前当天,凌晨5点还在做作业 – 不合格的博士生赶出课堂,给个Master劝退 – 不满意的博士生,找工作不写推荐信 – 不勤奋的博士生,不让上academic job market
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我研究“实证金融”的一条主线
• 资产定价困惑或者说“可预测性困惑” Asset Pricing Puzzles or Predictability Puzzles
– Why markets “seem” inefficient or predictable? – Why stock return is predictable (with debate)? – Why cross-sectional pricing factors are not risk-
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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《实证金融》研究的例子
• 检验市场是否有效?PEAD • 股市收益率能否被预测?其他资产?
• 股市波动率有多大?风险与收益是否相当?
• 期权的定价是否脱离股票价格的基本面?
周皓
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课程logistics
• 授课:周二9:00-11:30 and 15:00-17:30 1号楼-100教室
– Variance Risk Premium or VRP (Bollerslev, Tauchen, Zhou 2009), short-run predictor also on international stock markets (Bollerslev, Marrone, Xu, Zhou, 2013)
Kiku-Shaliastovich-Yaron 2012, Campbell-GiglioPolk-Turley 2012)
周皓
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总体框架
• 第七讲:Event Study
– All Corporate events: Fama, Fisher, Jensen, and Roll, 1969
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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总体框架
• 第三、四讲:股市时间序列可预测性
– D/P ratio (Campbell and Shiller 1991), and longrun predictors: E/P, payout ratio, term spread, default spread, risk-free rate, consumption-wealth ratio, sentiment index, and many others…
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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总体框架
• 第一、二讲:导论和市场有效性
– Fama (1970, 1991) – 2013诺贝尔经济学奖 – 学习如何选题做研究: PEAD, momentum, e.g. – 中国问题文章:H股,A/B股,等等 – (Market Efficiency and Event Study)
• 课堂考勤和参与讨论:10% • (以下三项按学习小组4-6人) • 实证作业题:20% • 书面评论实证研究文章:20% • 实证研究课题:50%
周皓
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实证作业:学习小组4-6人
• 整个学期总共5-6次 • 第二周开始,每两周一次 • 强调数据、计算、动手能力 • 来源于教科书和其他教学资料 • 运用中国金融市场数据 • 下周周一中午12:00(不接受晚交作业)
《实证金融》 导论
周皓 清华大学五道口金融学院
2013 Nobel Prize for Economics
Empirical Asset Pricing 实证资产定价
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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No short-term predictability?
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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There is long-term predictability!
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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总体框架
• 第五、六讲:Cross-Sectional Stock Return Predictability
– CAPM – Fama-French 1992, 1996 – Debate between risk factors and firm
characteristics (Kogan and Tian 2012) – The hottest topic: volatility based CAPM (Bansal-
• 实证研究报告最重要,等同于实际工作中
– 金融机构的分析报告
– 监管部门的政策调研
– 硕士论文或博士论文的一个章节的初稿
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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实证研究课题
• 在立项和结项的时候,每个课题小组必须 集体约见我,并经过我的认同
• 鼓励用中国金融市场数据研究中国问题:
– 可以选择教学大纲列举的阅读文章 – 用中国数据复制其研究方法 – 并通过论文评议找出新的研究拓展深入方向
• 姜近勇和潘冠中, 2011,《金融计量学》(JP, Chap 1-8)
• John Campbell, Andrew Lo, and Craig MacKinlay, 1997, “The Econometrics of Financial Markets” (CLM, excl. Chap 8 &12)
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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论文评议:学习小组4-6人
• 整个学期总共5-7次 • 第一周开始,每两周一次 • 评论实证研究论文,包括中国题材的 • 评论大约5页,1页左右总结文章发现成果,
3-4页提出几项重要问题、错误或改进建议 • 下周周一中午12:00(不接受晚交评议)
周皓
《实证金融》导论
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实证研究课题:学习小组4-6人
• 邮件:zhouh@ • 办公:周四15:00-17:30,其它时间预约 • 助教:
陈湘鹏 chenxp.12@ 马玉琼 mayq.1书(没有唯一合适的)
based factors, but firm characteristics? – Why Expectation Hypothesis fail for Gov. bond? – Why credit spread is not explained by default risk? – Why currency return is predictable and UIP fail?
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