石质路堑路基施工工艺

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目录
1.施工方法·······················································································································1 2.施工工艺流程(见下页图) ······························································································1 3.爆破方案 ··························································································································1 4.既有线扩堑地段石质路堑·····························································································3
米,人工清碴,当开挖至一定深度后,由于工作面改善,采用分层爆破,
梯段长度L可达几十米,采用机械清碴。边坡采用预裂爆破,采用导
爆管非电毫秒微差起爆。 3.炮眼间距a=(0.7~1.3)wp,排距b=(0.8~1.0)wp,炮眼直径d=100mm, 预裂间距a1=(0.8~1.2)d,缓冲孔至预裂孔间距a2 =(1.5~2.2)m, 平面布孔按图示安排。 4.1,3,5,7,9,11为非电毫秒雷管段别。 5.炸药采用2#岩石硝胺炸药。
4.1 A 类控制爆破·····································································································3 4.1.1 施工方法································································································3 4.1.2 施工工艺································································································5 4.1.3 爆破设计································································································5 4.1.4 对既有线的防护····················································································8 4.1.5 爆破施工······························································································10
图7.1.7 石质路堑深孔梯段松动爆破设计示意图
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为确保既有线设备不被破坏,保证列车正常运行,根据我局在株六复线、荷日复线控制爆 破的施工经验,在路堑靠近既有线侧采用双层钢管排架内侧挂板式橡胶炮被或竹排,爆破岩体 上覆盖橡胶炮被,在轨道上覆盖彩条布,对既有线设备、轨道进行防护;爆破采用浅孔纵向台 阶松动控制爆破,其特点是:浅眼、眼密、少装药、强覆盖、间隔微差。钻孔方式采用倾斜钻 孔,梅花型布置炮眼;采用纵向分层从两端拉槽开挖,风枪钻孔,在运营单位批准的时间内, 非电微差起爆;人工配合机械清碴,自卸汽车运碴。 4.1.2 施工工艺
2.施工工艺流程(见下页图)
3.爆破方案
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3.1 路堑石方爆破前,针对不同岩体进行爆破设计、试爆,选择合理的爆破参数。在施工过程中, 还要根据地质变化情况及时调整和修改爆破设计。
3.2 对于开挖深度大于 4m,且石方数量较大的工点,采用深孔梯段松动爆破,采用潜孔钻机钻孔。开挖 深度小于 4m,且石方数量较小的工点,一次钻孔、爆破到位,采用风枪钻孔。
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施工放 设置防护排 清理表层及松软岩
爆破 甲方、监理及运营单位审批
布设
钻孔
运营单位批
要点 装药
联系起爆
爆破体覆盖、钢管架防
起 处理盲炮、危石、检查线路
爆破警戒
解除要点、出碴运输 基床面及边坡修整 修整侧沟及边坡防护

A 类控制爆破施工工艺流程图
7
光爆孔
主爆孔 b
A 边爆孔
CC
b
b
a aaa
A 既有线
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2 3m 2 3m 2 3m
L
L
A-A 台阶剖面图
说明:1.边坡采用预裂爆破。2.炸药采用2# 硝铵炸药。 3.起爆网络采用导爆管非电起爆。 4.台阶宽度为扩堑宽度;台阶高度2~3m;开始爆破时,台阶长度L选5~6m, 人工清碴,当开挖至一定深度后,由于工作面改善,采用分层爆破,台 阶长度L可达几十米,采用机械清碴。
首排炮孔每孔装药量 Q○=qwp.H.a, 多排孔微差爆破时后排炮孔装药量 Q○后=qb.H.a q 为单位炸药消耗量(kg/m3)。对于软石,首排炮孔 q=0.40~0.43 kg/m3,后排炮孔 q=0.48~0.52kg/m3。 3.6.3.预裂爆破 软石浅孔爆破:孔径 d=50mm,孔距 a=(0.3~0.4)m,线装药密度 q/=(60~155)g/m。 软石深孔爆破:孔径 d=100mm,孔距 a=(0.75~0.85)m,线装药密度 q/=(140~345)g/m。 路堑石方开挖深孔爆破设计示意见图 7.1.7。(爆破施工,装药、堵塞、起爆、效果分析等见 A 类控 制爆破施工方法。) 3.7 路基石方爆破,采用 2 号硝铵炸药,以塑料导爆管引爆,非电毫秒雷管实施逐排微差爆破。 3.8 爆破后,采用推土机配合挖掘机或装载机清碴装车,自卸车运输。 3.9 爆破后测量、检查边坡及基床面平整度,对个别凸起部位,采用小炮补炮开挖,凹部采用浆砌 石补平。 4.既有线扩堑地段石质路堑 既有线路堑的拓宽扩槽,对安全要求较高,可采用 A、B、C 三类控制爆破方案。 4.1 A 类控制爆破 4.1.1 施工方法
A 类控爆施工工艺流程图见下图。 4.1.3 爆破设计
A.炮孔参数选择及炮孔布置 采用浅孔纵向台阶松动控制爆破。台阶宽度为扩堑宽度;台阶高度 2~3m;在路堑开始爆 破时,台阶长度(沿线路方向)取 5~6 m,采用人工清碴,当开挖至一定深度后,由于工作面 的改善,采用分层爆破,分层长度可达几十米,采用机械清碴。 钻孔方式:采用倾斜的钻孔方式,梅花型布置炮孔。 炮孔间距 a=(1.0~1.5)Wp 炮孔排距 b=(0.8~0.9)a 超钻深度 h=μWp(μ=0.1~0.33) 前排孔装药量 Q=qWpaH 后排孔装药量 Q=(1.15~1.3)qWpbH q—单位用药量,q=0.33k,对于Ⅳ类软石 K=1.0~1.20,Wp—底板抵抗线,据台阶高度, 壁面角,炮孔直径综合确定。 边坡光爆孔,炮孔用风枪钻孔,方向与边坡平行,钻孔孔距为 0.5m~0.7m,炮孔装药量: 底部 0.5m 线装药密度取为 0.4kg/m,上部线装药密度取为 0.2kg/m,孔口部位往下 1m 采用粘土 堵塞。A 类控制爆破开挖设计见图 7.1.9。 B.起爆网络 爆破时采用塑料导爆管孔内外微差非电起爆网络,方式采用分片微
式中:q—正常松动爆破单位用药量,Kg/m3,q=0.33K,
Ⅳ类软石 K=1.0~1.20,
Wp—浅孔台阶爆破底板抵抗线,m,根据台阶高度、壁面角、炮孔直径 d 等综合确定。 H—为爆破高度。
3.6.2 深孔梯段松动爆破
梯段宽度为路堑边坡宽度;梯段高度 4~6m;在深路堑开始爆破时,梯段长度(沿线路方向)取 5~ 6 m,采用人工清碴,当开挖至一定深度后,由于工作面的改善,采用分层爆破,分层长度可达几十米, 采用机械清碴。
3.6 主要爆破参数
3.6.1 浅孔爆破
每爆破一次宽度为路堑边坡宽度,长度(沿线路方向)为:10~20m。
孔径 d=50mm,孔深 L=(0.9~1.1)H
同排炮孔间距 a=(1.0~1.5)Wp 排距 b=(0.8~0.9)a
超钻深度
h=μWp (μ=0.1~0.33)
前排装药量 Q=qWpaH
后各排装药量 Q=(1.15~1.3)qWpbH
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a1
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主爆孔 地面线
路堑边坡
a
预裂孔
缓冲孔 路基面
炮孔布置立面示意图
炮孔布置纵断面示意图
1 3 11 9 7
13 5
31
a
31
开挖面 炮孔布置平面示意图
说 明:
1.图中尺寸均以米计。 2.根据路堑深度情况,采用岩石梯段爆破,梯段宽度为路堑边坡宽
度;梯段高度按4~6米考虑;深路堑开始爆破时,梯段长度L选5~6
起爆 检查爆破效果
清理废碴及坡面 修整路槽顶面
修整边坡边沟及边坡防护
检查平整度、宽度、 平面位置及纵断面 高程
验交
路堑开挖爆破作业施工工艺流程
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超钻深度 h=μWp(软石取μ=0.10~0.15)
钻孔深 L:对垂直深孔 L=H+h,倾斜深度 L=(H+h).sin β ( β 为钻孔倾角) 钻孔边距 c=Wp-H.Ctg α (α 为坡面角)
4.2 B 类控制爆破···································································································10 4.3 C 类控制爆破···································································································10 5.爆破施工技术保证措施·······························································································11 6.爆破安全保证措施 ·······································································································11 7.深路堑施工注意事项 ··································································································· 11
3.3 为加快石方开挖速度,确保边坡平整度,边坡采用预裂爆破,炮孔按挖方边坡角度布置成斜孔,严 格控制装药量及孔距,防止超挖或欠挖。同时靠近边坡的两列炮孔采用减弱松动爆破,确保边坡稳定。
3.4 中央路堑处爆破炮孔按梅花形布置,采用 60o ~70o倾斜钻孔。
3.5 为确保基床面的平整度,基床顶面预留 50cm 左右光爆层,采用密集小型排跑施工。炮眼底标高低于 设计标高 10~15cm,装药时在孔底留 5~10cm 空眼不装药。装药按松动爆破计算,爆破后基床面人工修整。
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第二节 石质路堑
1.施工方法
比较松软的岩石及浮土采用推土机、挖掘机并辅以部分人工松动开挖;比较坚硬的岩石采用浅孔或 深孔梯段微差松动爆破进行开挖。边坡采用预裂爆破,基床面采用密集小型排炮施工。采用凤枪或潜孔 钻机打眼,炸药采用 2#岩石硝铵炸药,塑料导爆管起爆,人工配合机械清碴装车,自卸车运输。
孔径 d=100mm, 梯段坡面角:60○~70○之间,孔距 a=(0.7~1.3) Wp ,排距 b=(0.8~1.0) Wp,
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施工放样 爆破设计 布设孔位
钻孔施工
丈量实际孔距、孔深 中




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