西方文化概述练习题目ck答案

Chapter 1 Ancient Greek Culture

1.How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire from him?

【宙斯如何惩罚盗火的普罗米修斯？】P 6

Prometheus was chained to a mountain ,an eagle would devour his liver ,and his liver would grow out the next day before the eagle came to devour it again.

(普罗米修斯被锁链锁在一座山上，他的肝脏被一只鹰吞噬，而他的肝脏又会在第二天，那只鹰来吃之前长出来）

2.What does the phrase “Achilles’ heel” refer to?

【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢？】P 12

Achilles is the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War,and his heel is his only weakness,now use the word Achilles’ heel to describe ones only weakness.

(阿基里是特洛伊战争中一个最勇敢最强壮的战士，后脚跟是他唯一的缺点，现在用这个词来形容一个人唯一的缺点）

3.What is the name of the mountain where the ancient Greeks believed their gods lived?

【古希腊人认为他们的神住在哪座山上？】P 6

Mount Olympia (奥林匹亚山）

4.Who is the god of the underworld?

【阴间的神是谁？】P 8

Hades(哈迪斯——冥王）

5.Which battle in ancient Greece started from the apple of discord?

【古希腊开战的祸根？】P13

The Trojan War(特洛伊战争）

6.What are the primary symbols of the sea god Poseidon?

【海神波塞冬的主要标志？】P 8

His weapon，trident（他的武器，三叉戟）

7.What is the psychological term coined by Sigmund Freud based on the Greek mythological character Oedipus?

【什么心理学词汇是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德根据希腊神话人物俄狄浦斯所创造的?】P 14

Oedipus complex（恋母情结）

8.Who was considered by Aristotle to be the first philosopher in Greek tradition? 【谁是亚里士多德认为的希腊传统上第一位哲♂学家】P 15

Thales（泰利斯）

9. In Greek mythology,Prometheus普罗米修斯made human beings out of clay

（粘上）, taught man how to survive in the harsh（严酷的）environment and stole fire from heaven for the benefit of man.

10.Apollo 阿波罗is the sun-god and the god of music and poetry.

11. Artemis（阿耳特弥斯）, also known as Diana戴安娜, is the goddess of moon, wild animals, the hunt, vegetation, chastity and childbirth.

12. Athena雅典娜is the goddess of war, handicraft and wisdom.

13. Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒is the goddess of beauty and love, better known by her Roman name Venus维纳斯.

14. Eros is the son of Venus, better known by his Roman name Cupid丘比特_.

15. Hermes赫尔墨斯is the god of thieves（蒂费斯小偷）, travelers and merchants. He is often depicted with a pair of winged sandals有翅膀的凉鞋哈哈哈and a winged cap（有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈），which enable him to travel swifter than sight.

16. Identify who each of the following descriptions is referring to. P 14-22

1) The greatest of ancient Greek epic poets, he is the author of the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'. （这个人是古希腊的伟大诗人，写过《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》）B.荷马不是河马

2) This philosopher was the teacher of Alexander the Great and set up h is own school---named---Lyceum.（这个人担任过亚历山大大帝的老师，还建立了“学会”）

A.亚里士多德

3) For this philosopher everything was related to mathematics and numbers were the ultimate reality. He influenced Plato and discovered a theorem that was named after him. D.毕达哥拉斯_

4) This philosopher was the teacher of Plato and the protagonist of Plato’s dialogues. _E.苏格拉底

5) This philosopher and student of Socrates founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

C.柏拉图

A. Aristotle

B. Homer

C. Plato

D. Pythagoras

E. Socrates

Chapter 3 Food

1.What can the word “salad” mean? And the phrase “salad days”?

【“沙拉”是什么？“沙拉时光”又是什么？】P77

Salad，a mixture of foods,consisting of chopped vegetables,meat,seafood and so on.

Salad days, means a youthful time.

(沙拉是一种混合食物，包含了切碎的菜，肉，海鲜之类的；沙拉时光指的是年轻的岁月）

2.When can salad be served during a meal?

【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢？】P78

Salads may be served at any point during a meal(沙拉在什么时候都可以吃）

3.Can you name some kinds of salad and explain them? What is the difference between green salads and vegetable salads?

【你能举一些沙拉品种的例子并且解释它们吗？绿色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么区别吗？】P78