跨文化交际论文--中西宗教文化差异

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中西宗教差异英文作文

中西宗教差异英文作文

中西宗教差异英文作文英文:Religion plays an important role in people's lives around the world. However, the differences between Eastern and Western religions are significant. As someone who has been exposed to both, I can say that there are several key differences.Firstly, the concept of God is different in Eastern and Western religions. In Western religions, such as Christianity, God is seen as a personal deity who is all-knowing and all-powerful. In contrast, Eastern religions, such as Buddhism, do not believe in a personal God. Instead, they believe in a universal energy or force that governsthe universe.Secondly, the approach to prayer and meditation is different in Eastern and Western religions. In Western religions, prayer is often seen as a way to communicatewith God and ask for guidance or blessings. In contrast, meditation is more commonly practiced in Eastern religions as a way to quiet the mind and achieve inner peace.Thirdly, the role of the individual is different in Eastern and Western religions. In Western religions, individuals are often seen as separate from God and in need of salvation. In contrast, Eastern religions emphasize the interconnectedness of all beings and the importance of achieving enlightenment or liberation from suffering.In terms of examples, one can look at the differences between Christmas and the Chinese New Year. Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, while the Chinese New Year is a celebration of the lunar new year and is rooted in Chinese traditions and beliefs. Another example is the difference between the Western concept of heaven and the Eastern concept of reincarnation.中文:宗教在全世界的人们生活中扮演着重要的角色。

跨文化交际之比较中西宗教文化的不同

跨文化交际之比较中西宗教文化的不同

The Comparison of Chinese and Western Religious Culture Religion has gone through a long history of evolution and development, creating a rich and varied culture. Proper understanding the positive role of religion can helps us better understand the Western thought, worldview, values and actions, also helps us to avoid cultural misreading in the process of cross-cultural communication, so as to more effectively communicate and promote understanding,This paper analysis that Chinese and Western religion uniformity on the teleology and the main difference in the religion spiritual, to expound on cultural difference between Chinese and Western religious have an effect in cultural life of their respective, reexamining the modern value of Chinese and Western religion cultures, with a view to the positive role of religion and culture to be a good development and to promote the smooth implementation of intercultural communication.Religion is a part of the culture and play a vital role in people’s daily life, through religion we can very clearly see human social and cultural situation in a particular cultural regions. As China’s increasingly open and the increase of contacts and exchanges with other countries, religious exchanges is inevitable.The majority of Westerner believe in Christianity, because it’s Christian culture constitutes a Western cultural background, makes any part of Western culture are more or less with a Christian atmosphere since the middle ages. But the Chinese people has long been affected by Confucianism, religious beliefs of the Chinese nation is hybrid forms under this premise plays a dominant role while integration of Buddhism, Taoism and others folk religion. From the perspective of cultural policy, religious culture can unite the masses, strengthening the cohesion of thought and the consistency of the behavior, from the perspective of political function, religious culture can contribute to the smooth implementation of the giverning class domination, to maintain the existing order, from the regilious sense, the regilious culture to provide fantasy in a spiritual comfort for people. It can be side that on the religious teleology, Chinese and Western religion is completely consistent. However, through the comparison and analysis of the similarities and differences between Chineseand Western religious spiritual and on the impact of their own cultural life. We will find that they have great differences.Religious culture reflects a period of human emotion, thought and belief, but also reflects the political and cultural ideas of that time period. In the higher levels of productivity in society today, religious as a political tool of the era is gone, it again becomes a reflection of the thought and culture, still plays a role cannot be ignored in human society. However, Chinese and Western religious cultures in care for the human destiny, along with individual consciously to assume responsibility to save the world as a laity in this aspect, there are a lot of similarities, but there are also some differences.The relationship between God and man is any religion must answer basic questions. The Western Christian culture as the Christian theory of everthing was builted in a God-centered, God is the creator of the universe, he created all thing of the natural world, for nature legislation and to formulated laws of development and change in the nature; God also is the creator of human, God not only created the human soul and body, but also created the history of human. Because God is omnipresent, omnipotent and concern for human, so human should to obey God. Human greatest happiness is to restored the relationship between God and human such as parent-child, back to God’s side. Human restored the relationship with God, just rely on their own unilateral power is absolutely indispensable, human should depends on the grace of God, salvation of Christ, but also with all our heart to love God and love others. With Christian is different, the central focus is people of Chineses religion, this religion stands for “The Unity of Heaven and Humanity”, Chinese traditional culture and the concept of God and human don’t emphasize call God to revealed himself, but with emphasis on self-examination to comprehension of the value and significance of its own existence.People of different cultural backgrounds often have different world view, outlook on life and values. These concepts are concerned with their religious beliefs and the religious environment. China is one of the world’s four great ancient civilizations, long-term in agricultural society. In a self-sufficiency environment of subsistence economy, gradually developmed a values in family units, with loyaltyand filial piety as the core. Such as the moral values of Confucian and the naturalistic values of Taoism, values of feudalism which ruled China more than 2000 years, they deeply affect the Chinese lifestyle, values and ways of thinking. Christian is a philosophy of religion, it theological doctrine is based on philosophy. In Western religious culture, the core values of Christian after development, forming a kind of ultimate concern for human existence, it provide moral protection for existence and development of social groups. Thus further led to the difference between Chinese and Western values and religious views.Religious culture have an important effect on vocabulary, idioms of Chinese and Western. There are many Chinese idoms from buddhist language, they mainly comes from the translation of buddhist scriptures. In Western countries while the Christianization, Christian language and thought are inevitably penetrated to all aspects of the social life and the political system in British and American countries. In biblical proverbs and allusion become an indispensable par of English language.Religious culture have made indelible countributions to human civilization and development in the field of cultural exchange, philosophy and languages. Religion of a new age in constant development, change and adjustment in order to adapt to accommodate developmentand progress of society, idealistic and unreal thought in religious will be abandoned by people, positive scientifis parts in religion will still be reserved and inheritance of people, it become a important force in promoting social and cultural progress. To re-examining the modern value of Chinese and Western religious culture is a special kind of cultural phenomenon in the development process of hunman society. It not only has the structure and form from social culture, and containing various types of human culture, it has an important ideological, ethical, aesthetic and intellectual values, we need to discover, organize and use。

中西方文化比较论文1500字

中西方文化比较论文1500字

中西方文化比较论文1500字世俗与宗教——中西社会习俗文化比较摘要:当今中国早已跻身全球化语境的时代。

信息网络技术把整个世界变成了“地球村”,中西文化交往的规模和深度都在不断发展。

跨文化交际中,由于文化差异而导致的信息误解屡见不鲜。

中西文化博大精深,社会习俗文化渗入到生活的各个方面。

关键词:跨文化交际中西方社会习俗文化差异前言:社会习俗文化包括社会生活礼仪与节庆、生活方式等,是各国社会经济、政治生活及历史文化传统的反应,深刻揭示着民族文化的基本精神和价值观念。

由于社会习俗范畴广泛,本文仅从觐礼、婚礼、葬礼、节日四个方面来比较中西方文化,以窥全豹。

鉴于中国式宗教意识淡薄的国家,社会习俗文化是世俗的,而西方国家基督教影响甚深,故社会习俗文化的宗教色彩深刻。

一、觐礼:下跪与屈膝在古代中国一向是皇权至上的社会。

因此,古代觐见皇帝时都要行下跪的礼仪,以表示对高高在上的皇权的尊重。

这与中国自给自足的小农经济为主体的农业文明有着千丝万缕的联系。

中国高度集中的权力,使皇帝认为,普天之下,莫非王土,率土之滨,莫非王臣。

中国人有中国是世界的中心,华夷有别,万方来朝的虚荣心理。

而西欧则相反。

在西方,王权有限,对国王来说,“我的附庸的附庸不是我的附庸”,加上基督教的普世性,教皇才是权力的中心。

西方国王与贵族大臣的契约关系并非像中国古代的“君为臣纲”的不平等关系,因此出现了双方觐见礼的冲突。

二、婚礼:红色与白色在人类所有的社会行为中,婚姻是一项非常重要的活动。

作为社会习俗的婚礼,是最重要的礼仪。

然而由于民族文化的不同,婚礼的具体形式与文化内涵也就不同。

具体上说,中国古典式的婚礼是“红色”的婚礼;西方古典式的婚礼是“白色”的婚礼。

(一)中国婚礼的红色寓意中国古典婚礼给人印象最深的就是男女双方全家族的盛大庆典,以及到处贴的红双“喜”,一对新人着红衣、红裤(红裙),新娘披着红盖头,桌上点着红蜡烛,床上摆着大红枣。

在婚姻不能自主的封建时代,红红火火的婚礼主要不是对新婚夫妇个人的祝贺,而是对家族兴旺的集体联欢,对封建义务的重申。

中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文优秀

中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文优秀

中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文优秀以下是四篇关于中西方文化差异的论文,每篇都是1200字以上。

这些论文分析了中西方文化差异的表现,并探讨了这些差异的原因。

论文一:中西方文化差异表现及原因的分析首先,中西方在价值观念上存在着巨大差异。

中西方的价值观念是从不同的历史、文化和宗教背景中形成的。

中西方的价值观念在道德观念、家庭观念、教育观念等方面存在较大差异。

例如,在家庭观念上,中西方的家庭结构和关系模式有很大的不同。

在中国,家庭的核心是父母和孩子,而在西方,家庭的核心是夫妻。

这种差异在文化传统和社会背景中都有着深刻的原因。

其次,中西方在交际方式上也存在着差异。

西方文化注重个人自由和个性发展,在交际方式上更加注重个体的独立性和直接表达。

相比之下,中国文化更加注重集体和谦虚等价值观念,在交际方式上更加注重人际关系的维护和尊重。

这种差异也源于中西方的历史和文化背景,以及人际交往的目的和方式。

第三,中西方在食物和饮食习惯上也存在很大的差异。

中国文化注重饮食的营养和药膳养生等方面,倾向于吃低脂肪、低糖分和低盐分的食物。

相比之下,西方文化注重快餐和高热量食物,在食物味道和多样性上更加注重个人口味和选择。

这种差异在饮食习惯和文化传统中都有深远的原因。

最后,中西方在宗教信仰和宗教文化上也存在差异。

西方文化受到基督教的影响很大,宗教信仰是其文化基础之一、相反,中国文化是多教派共存的,宗教信仰的多样性为中国文化带来了不同的传统和习俗。

这种差异在宗教文化和社会秩序中都有着深刻的原因。

综上所述,中西方文化之间存在着许多差异。

这些差异不仅体现在价值观念、交际方式、食物和饮食习惯等方面,也是由于中西方的历史、文化和宗教背景导致的。

这些差异为我们了解中西方文化提供了一种比较和对照的方式,并促进了不同文化之间的交流和理解。

论文二:中西方文化差异及其产生的原因1.价值观差异中西方文化差异的一个重要方面是在价值观念上。

中国文化注重集体主义和尊重长辈,西方文化则更加重视个人主义和个性发展。

中西方宗教文化差异

中西方宗教文化差异

中西方宗教文化差异Cultural Differences between Eastern and Western ReligionsReligion plays a significant role in shaping the culture of a society. It influences the way people think, behave, and perceive the world around them. The Eastern and Western hemispheres have distinct cultural differences, and so do their religious beliefs and practices. This essay aims to highlight the major disparities between Eastern and Western religions, focusing on key aspects such as belief systems, rituals, and values.One of the fundamental differences between Eastern and Western religions lies in their belief systems. Eastern religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, are often characterized by a belief in reincarnation and karma. Followers believe in the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth, with the ultimate goal of attaining enlightenment and liberation from this cycle. In contrast, Western religions, like Christianity and Islam, focus on the belief in a single life on earth, with the promise of an afterlife, either in heaven or hell, based on individual actions and faith.In conclusion, the cultural differences between Eastern and Western religions are significant and permeate various aspects of society. The disparities in belief systems, rituals, values, and the role of religious authorities contribute to thedistinctiveness of each religious tradition. Understanding these differences is crucial in promoting intercultural dialogue, fostering mutual respect, and appreciating the diversity of religious beliefs and practices in our globalized world.。

中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文

中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文

中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文摘要:中西方文化差异是在不同历史与社会背景下形成的两种截然不同的文化体系,对世界上不同国家的发展和交流产生了深远影响。

本文将从宗教信仰、价值观念、礼仪习俗和教育体制四个方面进行中西方文化差异的分析,并探讨其产生的原因及对现代社会的影响。

关键词:中西方文化差异;宗教信仰;价值观念;礼仪习俗;教育体制一、宗教信仰中西方文化差异的一个重要方面就是宗教信仰。

在中国,佛教、道教和儒教是主要的宗教体系,对中国人的思维方式、道德观念和社会结构产生了深远影响。

而在西方,基督教是主流宗教,并且继承了古希腊罗马文明的理性主义传统。

这种差异导致了中西方在价值观念、道德准则和人际关系方面存在一定的区别。

二、价值观念中西方文化在价值观念上存在着显著差异。

中方注重家庭、集体和社会的利益,强调“天下为公”的思想,强调个人与集体的关系。

而西方文化更加重视个人的独立、自由和个人权利。

这导致了中西方对自由、平等与个人责任的不同理解。

另外,中方注重和谐共处、崇尚和平,而西方文化更加强调竞争和成功。

三、礼仪习俗中西方在礼仪习俗方面也存在一定差异。

在东方文化中,礼仪被视为非常重要的一部分,人们在日常生活中注重礼貌和尊重他人。

而在西方文化中,个人的独立和个性表达更为重要,礼仪往往不被当作一种约束。

四、教育体制中西方教育体制的差异也是造成中西方文化差异的重要原因之一、中国传统教育注重的是知识的传授和记忆,而西方教育注重的是培养学生的创造力、批判思维和自主学习的能力。

这种差异导致了中西方学生的学习方式和思维方式的不同。

中西方文化差异对现代社会产生了深远的影响。

在全球化进程中,中西方的交流与合作变得更加频繁,文化差异也面临更多的挑战与融合。

了解中西方文化差异,可以帮助人们更好地理解对方的行为和价值观念,促进不同文化之间的交流与和谐发展。

总之,中西方文化差异是在不同历史与社会背景下形成的两种截然不同的文化体系。

宗教信仰、价值观念、礼仪习俗和教育体制是中西方文化差异的重要方面。

跨文化交际下的中西文化论文

跨文化交际下的中西文化论文

跨文化交际下的中西文化论文一、在跨文化交际下中西方文化差异的表现在跨文化交际下中西方文化差异冲突是多方面的,笔者简述比较常见的几个方面。

(一)价值观方面。

在跨文化交际的过程中,价值观念方面的差异表现的是比较明显的。

西方人比较理性,更强调逻辑思维能力,他们把理性分析作为认知事物的主要方式,注重逻辑性。

而东方人往往更加感性,东方人的思维模式体现为直觉性,认知事物往往依据事实感受。

西方人尊崇的是个性发展,这从西方学校的教学方式中就可发现,他们提倡的是人生价值与自我个性成正比。

而东方人更强调群体性,从我们国家的方针政策中就可看出,对人的培养是从整个国家和民族的利益出发,尤其重视人的群体价值和道德中的奉献品德。

(二)对隐私的态度。

想必在外语学习中我们都学习过西方询问女士年龄是一件非常不礼貌的事情,而在东方来说这根本不是问题,这就体现出东西方文化中对隐私态度的差异。

东方人隐私观念不强,极其愿意和亲朋好友倾诉自己的幸福与苦闷。

而西方人则极其重视个人隐私,注重营造个人空间,不愿意和别人提及,更不希望有人干预。

(三)待客文化。

东方人总是大摆筵席,有时甚至会以喝酒的多少来衡量关系的亲密程度,在饭桌上,东方人往往相互敬酒,互相夹菜。

而西方人强调个人权益,他们绝不会劝友人做其为难的事,更不会相互夹菜或劝酒,而是随客人意愿而为。

二、面对中西文化差异如何提高跨文化交际能力通过上文中所提出的中西方文化差异几方面的表现,我们不难看出中西方国家在思维方式、宗教礼仪、文化习俗、生活方式等方面表现出的冲突成为阻碍跨文化交际能否顺利进行的关键。

那么如何能有效顺利的开展跨文化交际呢笔者认为应该从提高跨文化交际能力方面入手。

(一)提高非语言交际能力。

在提高跨文化交际能力上,我们必须认识到非语言交际能力的重要性。

例如,西方人的交流善于使用眼神传递感情,因此他们往往用目光交流的时间较长,而东方人却由于羞涩和礼仪问题不会长时间的直视交际对象,正是因为一些中西方非语言方面的信息存在差异,所以可以在了解西方文化和行为习惯的基础上,了解他们的交际方式中非语言的因素,提高跨文化交际成功率。

跨文化视角下的中西宗教研究

跨文化视角下的中西宗教研究

跨文化视角下的中西宗教研究跨文化视角下的中西宗教研究随着全球化进程的加速,文化交流日益频繁,东西方的文化交融也愈加深入。

在这样的背景下,跨文化视角下的中西宗教研究显得越来越重要。

宗教既是社会文化的重要组成部分,也是人类文化多样性的重要体现。

本文将从比较宗教学的角度出发,探讨如何用跨文化视角来研究中西宗教之间的异同,并通过五个具体的例子来说明。

一、中西方宗教问题的异同从南北宋时期,中国承受了以佛教、道教两大宗教为代表的外来影响。

而近代以来,基督教也延续自己的影响,进入了中国。

西方宗教在中国,是直接面临着东方神秘学思潮,以及东西文化交流而带来的东方文化的冲击。

这也使得中国的宗教存在很多的实质性的异同性问题。

这个问题可以被归纳为以下几个方面:1.信仰对象不同:中西方文化所崇拜的神灵不同。

如基督教信仰上帝,伊斯兰教信仰真主,佛教信仰佛陀,道教信仰先天真人等。

2. 信仰上的主要差异:中西文化在宗教上的差异还表现在宗教的信仰形态和仪式、信念等方面。

如基督教讲究个人的信仰选择、轻视传统;佛教重视业力、缘起八识;道教注重修行、阴阳五行,以及神仙仙籍等。

3.宗教与政治关系的差异:在不同社会经济制度和政治体制下,中西方宗教与政治的关系不同。

如西方基督教是“国教”,并在某些历史背景下与政治利益挂钩,而中国传统上宗教与政治较为分离,或者处于被政治掌控之中。

二、跨文化视角下的中西宗教研究如何以跨文化的角度来研究中西方宗教之间在上述问题上的异同?下面从信仰对象、宗教仪式、修行方式、宗教思想以及宗教与政治关系五个方面具体说明。

1.信仰对象中西文化所崇拜的神灵不同,这种差异体现了宗教信仰背后的世界观、哲学思想以及文化传统等方面的影响。

在此基础上,中西方宗教间的异同可以从两方面来研究:第一方面,研究不同宗教信仰的内在逻辑和历史渊源。

如佛教所信仰的弥勒佛和基督教所信仰的救世主,不同信仰的背后隐藏着中国和欧洲历史背景的深刻差异。

汉朝时期的非传统佛道,广义的佛教,都强调“法”而非神,故中国的佛教式样与印度、藏北佛教都有很大不同。

《中西宗教文化比较》论文

《中西宗教文化比较》论文

《中西宗教文化比较》论文中西宗教文化比较摘要:宗教文化在人类社会中扮演着重要的角色。

中国和西方拥有不同的宗教文化传统,这些传统不仅在宗教信仰方面有所差异,而且在价值观、道德观和生活方式上也存在差异。

本论文旨在比较中西宗教文化的不同之处并探讨其对社会的影响。

引言:宗教文化是人类社会的重要组成部分,它不仅为人们提供了精神寄托,也塑造了人们的价值观、道德观和生活方式。

中国和西方有着不同的宗教文化传统,这些传统与文化背景、历史、哲学等密切相关。

了解中西宗教文化的差异对于增进不同文化之间的交流与理解很有意义。

一、中西宗教信仰的差异1.基督教与中国传统宗教基督教强调个体救赎和信仰上帝,而中国传统宗教更加注重人类与自然、家庭、社会的关系。

这两种宗教信仰的核心思想存在显著的差异。

2.佛教与天主教佛教注重修行和解脱,追求内心的平静与智慧,而天主教强调信仰上帝和教会的教义。

这两种宗教信仰在实践方法和价值观上也存在差异。

二、中西宗教文化的价值观差异1.中国宗教文化的影响中国的宗教文化强调尊重长辈、孝顺和家族责任。

传统的儒家思想对中国宗教文化产生了深远影响。

2.西方宗教文化的影响西方宗教文化强调个体的权利、自由和责任。

基督教的价值观对西方社会的法律、道德和社会秩序产生了重要影响。

三、中西宗教文化的生活方式差异1.社会交往模式中国宗教文化倾向于保持和谐、稳定的社会关系,而西方宗教文化注重个体的自由和自主性。

2.生活仪式和习俗中西宗教文化在生活仪式和习俗方面存在差异,如婚礼、葬礼和节日庆祝等。

结论:中西宗教文化的比较表明宗教信仰、价值观和生活方式在两种文化中存在显著差异。

了解这些差异有助于增进不同文化之间的交流与理解,并为我们在全球化时代建立和谐社会提供有益的启示。

1.王铁峰,张家土(2024)。

“中西文化中的信仰比较与融合”。

《西南政法大学报》,(02)。

东西方宗教文化的差异

东西方宗教文化的差异

东西方宗教文化的差异在人类早期一些社会中,宗教承担了对世界的解释、司法审判、道德培养和心理安慰等功能。

现代社会中,科学和司法已经从有些宗教分离出来,但是道德培养和心理安慰的功能还继续存在。

宗教所构成的信仰体系和社会群组是人类思想文化和社会形态的一个重要组成部分。

人类发展的历史上,因为地域的不同,产生的文化、政治、经济的形态也不同。

当然,文化的差异也包括了宗教为文化的差异。

具体的表现在三个方面。

第一:中西方宗教的起源不同。

东方的宗教有佛教、道教、儒教(儒教是否为宗教,现在人又争议)。

佛教是王子释迦牟尼创立的,一个王子创立宗教,在很大程度上是因为政治因素。

东汉末年佛教也从天竺传入中土,虽然是外国宗教,传入后中化程度也很大。

同时期,中国的本土宗教道教兴起,道教是为了迎合当时诸多的士大夫求不老之术,而产生。

儒教是一种孔家文化,成为信仰,随着时间和政治的变化而成为的一种宗教文化,具有很强的中国气息。

西方的宗教主要有:伊斯兰教、基督教,(这些宗教后来分化出许多宗教,这里亦作大的方面的分析)。

和佛教相近,伊斯兰教在麦加,默罕默德创立,经历了血腥风雨。

基督教产生于公元一世纪,创立者耶稣,基督教更是血腥,耶稣受难,严厉的刑罚都极其的残忍。

其实,在不同的地域宗教产生的方式不同这是理所当然的,但是,纵观东西宗教的起源,可以清楚地知道:东方宗教文化是产生于当时士族的嫉妒奢糜物质追求下的欲望的扩张;西方宗教文化却相反,他是在血腥的政治斗争里,人们在精神上的寄托,而产生的信仰。

第二:东西方宗教的信仰不同。

在中国,宗教很大程度上都寄托了人们太多的物质的欲望。

道教,产生时就是用来球不老之术的,炼仙丹,求福避祸,基本都是物质追求的寄宿地。

佛教,烧香拜佛,求的也只是物质上的富足,肉体上的平安。

儒教,和前两个宗教不同,两千多年都是用于政治,统治者用它束缚人们的思想,现代,则作为一种文化的象征。

西方,不管是哪个宗教,人们的信仰都是精神上的。

中西方宗教文化差异

中西方宗教文化差异

中西方宗教文化差异经过一个学期对中西文化的学习,我深刻地被中西方宗教文化差异的不同所吸引,通过课上认真地听取老师所传授的专业知识以及课后查阅课文书籍所获得的知识,我确定在期末论文上对该差异进行一个探讨。

宗教自古以来对我们中西方的文明有着重大的影响,对社会和文化的进步与发展都起着重要的作用,它在人类历史文明发展过程中扮演着重要的角色。

中西方的宗教差异,说到底是中西文化的差异,本论文就佛教和基督教进行对比,主要分析两者发展过程和文化上的差异,旨在更好地了解西方和西方宗教文化。

中西方的宗教均经历了较长时间的发展,在其各自的发展过程中,由于人类生产方式和水平的限制,相互之间几乎没有什么交流,由此发展出了拥有许多不同之处的中国宗教和西方宗教。

这些差异主要表现在:一.中西方宗教产生的历史背景差异二.1、佛教传入中国早在秦汉初期,中印文化交流便已出现,佛教盛行印度,国王派遣佛教徒云游四方,传播佛教,佛教开始传入中国。

2.基督教在西方社会产生《圣经》上记载:犹太人耶稣在30岁开始在犹太省的犹太人群中传道,并在罗马取得成功。

从2世纪末起,罗马帝国内忧外患,人们从动荡不安的现时中逃离,投身宗教以求得心灵上的安慰;与此同时,统治阶级也急需为即将破灭的罗马王朝寻求思想支柱,这为基督教的生长提供了优良的环境,从此,基督教进一步一步迈上了西方社会统治的最高峰。

由此可见,无论是佛教还是基督教都是以救世主的形象出现于民众的情感空虚之时,盛极于统治阶级的推崇与利用之下。

二.佛教、基督教传入中国及西方的发展方式差异 1、佛教传入中国后的主要发展时期及特点佛教自汉代传入中国之后,至今已有2000多年的历史,它的存在深刻影响着中国的传统思想和文化,佛教在中国不同社会历史时期,具有不同的特点,大体可以分为以下几个时期:(1)汉化佛教:此时佛教刚传入中国,主要传播活动仍是佛典翻译,这个阶段的译经工作为以后佛教在中国的发展打下了初步基础。

谈跨文化交际与中西文化差异论文

谈跨文化交际与中西文化差异论文

谈跨文化交际与中西文化差异论文谈跨文化交际与中西文化差异论文摘要:随着时代的不断发展,各个国家各个民族之间交往日益增多,人们越来越重视跨文化交际,但是由于各个国家和民族文化背景不同,宗教信仰差异以及生活习俗的不同,人们在交际过程中常常会发生冲突,本文通过对中西文化背景的分析,深入剖析产生跨文化交际关键词:中西方文化差异论文引言:随着时代的不断发展,各个国家各个民族之间交往日益增多,人们越来越重视跨文化交际,但是由于各个国家和民族文化背景不同,宗教信仰差异以及生活习俗的不同,人们在交际过程中常常会发生冲突,本文通过对中西文化背景的分析,深入剖析产生跨文化交际冲突的原因及解决方法。

“跨文化交际”一词始于二十世纪六十年代美国。

1959年,美国人类学家爱德华霍尔(EdwardHall)在他的著作《无声的语言》中,首次使用了跨文化交际(Inter-culturalCommunication)一词。

霍尔说,“文化即交际,交际即文化”,由此可见交际和文化之间的关系。

随着经济全球经济一体化的到来和中国经济的飞速发展,加之交通工具的快速发展以及通讯技术革命性的爆发,使得各国人员往来更加密切。

在人们的交往过程中,带来了各自的文化。

现在人们之间的交流非常便利,“天涯若比邻”变成了现实,人们之间的“零距离接触”得以实现。

伴随着人们越来越多的交往,不同国家的人们在交流的时候就需要应对跨文化交际的问题。

因为民族的差异,文化背景的差异,以及社会体制和宗教的差异,由此就产生了不同民族的语言习惯和社会文化。

如果不理解彼此的民族、文化、社会制度、及宗教等方面的差异,就会产生分歧,发生冲突。

大量小的冲突如果不加注意,往往会演变成大的、甚至是民族层面的冲突。

一、中西文化差异的产生背景中华文化是从春秋战国时期诸子百家演变而来的。

诸子百家中儒家思想主旨是仁义,舍生取义,以孝治国,讲的是入世;道家思想主旨是自然和谐,道法自然,以无为治国,讲得是出世;佛家,唯心主义,强调自身修养,讲的是超世。

《中西宗教文化比较》论文

《中西宗教文化比较》论文

浅谈中西宗教文化差异宗教是人类历史上一种古老而又普遍的文化现象,在人类的文明中都占有一席之地。

宗教作为思想体系,和哲学一样,都处于人类文化的核心,代表着人类文化的深层结构。

虽然宗教从本质上讲都源于人类在精神上对超自然的神灵的崇拜与信仰和在灵魂上对现世生存状态的超脱,但是中西宗教文化却存在巨大差异。

有人把中国文化称为儒家文化或儒教文化,把西方文化称为基督教文化,那么宗教因为在不同文化中而表现出的差异主要有哪些呢?一、中西宗教起源差异宗教是人类社会发展到一定阶段的历史现象,它既不是从来就有的,也不是永恒的,它有发生、发展和消亡的过程。

对于宗教的起源和形成,中西方古代宗教的形成有两大来源,一是源于自然崇拜,二是源于祖先崇拜。

可以说是“在自然神和英雄神升腾并两相混合的同时,各自独立性也在逐渐形成。

自然神和英雄神的混合及向上界升腾形成至上神”。

在西方的古代世界,祖宗崇拜从来也没有形成很强的信仰力量,似乎在很早就让位给神灵崇拜。

古代埃及人崇拜太阳神,连法老也要借助于它的光华来巩固自己的统治,在军人及百姓中灌输自己是太阳神之子的教义,以增强皇帝的威严。

庙中的祭祀也乘机大肆吹捧,称法老为“统治着太阳”、“大神”,借以让人们对其加以崇拜。

从表面看来,这种崇拜似乎与我国古代称“皇帝”为“天子”有点不谋而合,但其内涵是不同的。

中国称皇帝为天子,主要是因为他是全国最大的宗主,而法老则是神的化身,包含着较多的神灵崇拜。

到了古希腊,古罗马,他们都信奉多神教,认为大自然和社会本身都有神各司其职,各个城邦都有自己的保护神。

到了罗马帝国晚期,皇帝承认了基督教的合法地位,多神的信仰逐步被信奉上帝一人的新型宗教所代替。

中国古代的宗教信仰则比较复杂。

东汉之际,印度佛教传入中国;汉代末年,神仙道教也土生土长起来;唐代之后,伊斯兰教逐步传入中土,明代晚期基督教也姗姗来迟。

而中国文化在唐代以后有一个明显的走势是儒、释、道的“三教合流”,合流后的中国文化以儒家传统的人伦价值观念和人生理想为核心,杂糅了佛教重心性修炼的思维和实践方式,辅之以道教永生信念的诱惑与恐吓手段,在宗教信仰方面形成了一套奇特的多元化和泛神化的天人体系。

东西方宗教文化差异

东西方宗教文化差异

东西方宗教文化差异Cultural differences between Eastern and Western religious beliefsThe world is a diverse place with different cultures and religions spread across it. Among these, Eastern and Western cultures have developed their own unique religious beliefs over centuries. While they may have similarities in some aspects, there are significant differences between Eastern and Western religious cultures. This article will explore some of these differences.1. Philosophical basis: The Eastern religious culture, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, is primarily based on philosophical teachings. These religions focus on spiritual enlightenment, inner peace, and individual development through meditation and self-realization. On the other hand, Western religious cultures, such as Christianity and Islam, are primarily based on a belief in a personal God and focus on faith, worship, and obedience to divine laws.2. Concept of God: In Eastern religious cultures, the concept of God is often non-theistic or pantheistic, where God is seen as an impersonal force or energy that permeates the universe. In contrast, Western religious cultures believe in a personal God who is separate from the universe, is all-powerful,and often interacts with humans through revelations, miracles, and prayers.5. Role of spirituality: Eastern religious cultures emphasize the role of spirituality in daily life, with practices like meditation, yoga, and mindfulness being integral to one's well-being. These practices help individuals to achieve self-realization and transcendence. In contrast, Western religious cultures often view spirituality as separate from everyday life, with a focus on attending religious services, following moral codes, and participating in religious rituals on specific occasions.6. Approach to authority: Eastern religious cultures often have a more flexible approach towards religious authority, with individuals having the freedom to interpret and adapt teachings based on personal understanding and experience. Westernreligious cultures, especially organized religions like Christianity, have a more structured and centralized approach, where religious teachings are often based on authoritative texts and interpreted by religious leaders.In conclusion, the differences between Eastern and Western religious cultures arise from their differing philosophical foundations, beliefs about God, worship practices, views on the afterlife, role of spirituality, and approach to authority. While these differences create unique identities for eachculture, it is important to recognize and respect the diversity, as it contributes to the richness and variety of human existence.。

论中西宗教文化的差异

论中西宗教文化的差异

跨文化交际论文论中西宗教文化的差异摘要:通过中西方文明在长期的发展过程中形成的不同的宗教形态宗教观念和宗教经验,对人的影响及人对神的态度等不同的态度,运用描述、对比的方法,研究了中西宗教文化的发展、信仰等,以促进中西文化的沟通和交流。

关键词:宗教精神;中西文化;比较;1:前言1.1研究的原因及意义:原始宗教是文化的根系,是人类超越情结的异化,营造着独特的民族精神,因此,宗教是第一文化。

宗教是人类历史上一种古老而又普遍的文化现象,不同的民族创造出来的宗教也必然有其不同区域的文化印记。

同时在宗教的发展演变过程中,由于历史、民族、文化传播与影响等诸多因素,每个文化内部都形成了其不同的宗教体系。

1.2研究方法:本文从天人之际与灵肉分离的宗教态度、多元与一元的宗教信仰以及逍遥与拯救的两种不同的宗教体验等方面进行比较,探究此岸与彼岸的宗教差异对两种宗教文化发展的影响。

2:文献综述:梁晓鹏、苏国勋、徐行言3:正文3.1宗教的起源:宗教是客观存在的社会历史现象,与社会物质生活与人类精神文明有着千丝万缕的联系。

在中国宗教中,几乎所有的神都是由平凡的、世俗的人经过修炼而成就的。

如儒家的孔子,道家的老子,他们都是现实社会中的人,他们之所以被传播,是因为他们探索人生的真理,用他们深邃的思想,广博的和伟大的人格力量征服了民众。

而在西方,人们则信仰上帝,它是永恒的,绝对的,是它创造了自然万物。

对于传统宗教进行理智性的研究,提出种种关于宗教的理论和学说,早在几千年前的古代思想家那里就开始了。

然而,把这种研究从依附于哲学和神学的从属地位下解脱出来,使之变成一门独立的、自成体系的人文学科——宗教学,宗教作为一种历史现象,一种意识形态,在人类发展史上产生过重大的影响,至今世界上还有很多人相信各种各样的宗教。

宗教的主要特点为,相信现实世界之外存在着超自然的神秘力量或实体,该神秘统摄万物而拥有绝对权威、主宰自然进化、决定人世命运,从而使人对该一神秘产生敬畏及崇拜,并从而引申出信仰认知及仪式活动。

跨文化交际中中西方社会文化差异的表现分析的论文

跨文化交际中中西方社会文化差异的表现分析的论文

跨文化交际中中西方社会文化差异的表现分析的论文跨文化交际中中西方社会文化差异的表现分析的论文我国与西方国家的交流与合作不断加深,跨文化交际已经成为社会大众普遍关注的焦点性话题。

在与中西方实际交往的过程中,文化差异的现象时有发生,甚至还存在着一定的冲突和障碍,急需予以治理和应对。

因此,必须要基于中西方社会文化差异在跨文化交际中的具体表现进行分析,站在科学合理的角度和立场,汲取中西方社会文化的优势之处,改正不足之處;不断取长补短,完善自我,从而更好地加强中西方文化之间的交流与融合。

一、跨文化交际的概念跨文化交际就是特指基于不同文化和语言背景,借助于一种通用语言进行的交往行为。

其实质和内涵在于加强整合语言和文化之间的差异,旨在不断加强交际双方之间深入的交流与协作。

二、中西方社会文化差异在跨文化交际中的表现形式跨文化交际与中西方社会文化差异存在着较多的不同之处,差异性比较明显,因此,表现形式也各有不同。

具体包括:中西方交际原则、交际时间以及语言和非语言交际形式等等方面的内容[1]。

(一)交际原则和模式之间的差异分析在跨文化交际的过程中,中西方文化中的个体主义、集体主义以及群体主义之间存在着较大的区别,具有较强的对比性。

1.中国人交际行为主要来源于家庭和亲源的关系,归属感较强,体现出一定的集体主义特征。

在传统中国文化中,过于强调家、国、天下的利益;关注群体关系的和谐性与利益性;个体利益包含在整体利益中,集体利益高于个体利益等等方面。

交际行为侧重于情感原则,属于情感型关系模式。

2.西方人交际中强调个体意识的重要性,包括个人潜力的发挥和个人目标的实现。

侧重于个人利益的追求,极力维护私有财产;人人平等、相互竞争、公私分明;在实际交往中,尊重个人隐私,对于像婚姻、年龄以及收入情况等等相关问题一概不在公共场所提及,甚至不能未经当事人允许就私自碰触他人的东西。

因此,西方在交际行为具有一定的理智性和逻辑性。

(二)交际时间取向方面的差异分析交际时间也是跨文化交际研究的重要内容,根据中西方在交际原则和模式等方面的差异来看,对于时间观念来说,也有较大的区别性差异。

中西文化宗教差异论文

中西文化宗教差异论文

摘要:本文从宗教的来源、形成的心理基础、宗教的教义、对异教的态度、其社会地位、对人的影响、人对神的态度等不同的角度,比较了中西宗教的文化差异,以便更好的促进中西方文化交融与沟通。

关键词:宗教文化神一、宗教中神的来源:代表西方人的基督教是以神的儿子--耶稣,来拯救人类而出现于世的。

上帝是超脱、处于人类世俗之外的神,是永恒,绝对的,它创造了自然万物;并通过某个人向人类宣布自己的告示。

例如摩西,摩西之成为神,不是由于他的个人的思想、学问或者德行超出常人,而仅仅是由于他转达了神的谕示;而在中国宗教中,几乎所有的神都是由非常平常的、现实的、世俗的人经过修炼而成就的。

如儒教的孔子,道教的老子,包括从印度传播到中国的佛教创始人--释迦牟尼等,他们都是现实社会中的人。

他们之所以能够成为神,纯粹是因为他们或想探索人生的真理,或想解救无数处于痛苦之中的人民,努力修行,体验,最终以他们深邃的思想、广博的学识和伟大的人格力量征服了天下的民众,赢得人们的信仰,乃至成为人们崇拜并追随的偶像,而变成神的。

二、宗教的心理基础:西方宗教的心里基础是他们的罪恶感。

《圣经》中告诉我们,伊甸园里的始祖亚当和夏娃,违背了上帝的意旨,偷吃禁果,犯了人类第一个罪--称之为“原罪”。

之后被逐出伊甸园,到世间去经受生活的磨难。

所以我们要赎其罪,其次,要为自己违背上帝意愿所做的事情悔过,求得原谅,以期获得上帝的拯救。

而中国宗教的心理基础则是“畏惧感”。

人们认为个人的意志薄弱,面向社会和外来的威胁,人往往会产生一种恐惧感,因此需要一个外在的,超强的力量来保佑自己,以避难获福。

所以儒家认为,作为一个有修养的人,必须时时保有一种畏惧心理,事事小心谨慎,深刻理解并体会自己力量的微弱,从而去尊重现实,尊重一切未知的、神秘的力量。

三、宗教的教义西方的基督教以神为中心而建立的,上帝他创造自然万物,为自然立法,上帝无所不在,无所不能,并为人类赎罪;因此人都相信他们的前世是有罪的,是应该受到惩罚的;所以他们应该服从上帝,犯罪感与忏悔成为圣经的永恒主题。

跨文化交际论文--中西宗教文化差异

跨文化交际论文--中西宗教文化差异

China and western religious beliefsThesis statement:Culture is the soul of the country, and religious culture is an important part of the nation culture. This paper compares the differences between Chinese and western religious culture. to see their differences and similarities, and a tentative explanation is given to the differences of these two systems from the aspect of culture as to illustrate the role they play in their own society.Outline:1.Introduction1.1The history of English religious1.2The history of China religious2. Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs2. 1 Similarities2. 2 Differences3. sino-occidental religious culture impact on society4. ConclusionWorks citedIntroductionIn the early human social,Religious includes world explanation, judicial, moral cultivation and mental comfort, and other functions. In modern society, science and judicial have separated from some religious, but the moral training and mental comfort function will continue to exist. Religion’s belief systems and social groups are an important part of human thought culture and social form.1.1The History of ChristianityThe History of Christianity is the study of the religion started by a Jewish prophet from Nazareth named Jesus. Christianity would grow into one of the world's majorreligions, impacting all other religions and changing the course of human history.Christian history mainly concerns the Christian religion and Church, up to contemporary times and denominations. Christianity differs most significantly from the otherAbrahamic religions in its claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son. The vast majority of Christians believe in a triune God consisting of three unified and distinctpersons: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Throughout its history, the religion hasweathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches.The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the EasternOrthodox Church and the Protestant Churches. Christianity began spreading initiallyfrom Jerusalem, and then throughout the Near East, ultimately becoming the statereligion of Armenia in 301 , of Ethiopia in 325,of Georgia in 337, and then the Statechurch of the Roman Empire in 380. Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, it expanded throughout the world during Europe's Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the world's largest religion.1.2The History of china religiousConfucianism, also known as Confucianism, the Confucian doctrine, otherwise known as Confucianism, but does not refer to religion. Confucius as the master ofConfucianism, so there is called Confucianis. Confucian classics formed in times ofConfucius, but in different age the interpretation of Confucian classics are very different, so it is difficult get a comprehensive define to the Confucian. Essence of Confucianism can be said of social ethics and social management, ethics, or religious interpretation, but not the religion. Ming and Qing dynasties look the Neo-Confucianism that formed in Song Dynasty as official theory so the Neo-Confucianism has spread as mainstream of Confucianism.Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs2.1 The SimilaritiesThey have the same background, the Christian was created When the Jews were ruled by The Roman Empire, Jews look forward to a person just like the farseer said who can take them moving towards freedom. While China, Confucianism and Taoism are created when the people were suffering in pain during the Warring States period,2.2 The Differences1.Separation of Man and God in Western religions and unity of that in Chinaoriginal sin is the foundation of Christian theory and practice . Because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and Transmitted to their descendants, the result is men are guilty, all mankind have sin. because of this people are bound to die, and will were punished in all their life. We can see from the original sin all things of Christianity are classified into two worlds: the human world and God’s world.Person’s world is a world separated from God, and human’s world depends on God’sworld, so everything is the communication between the two worlds and its results.Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature.While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature,issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented.2.Monotheism of western religions and pluralism of China religionsChristianity is a strictly monotheistic, think that there only have one master of theuniverse that is God. According to predetermined level of order and purpose God arrange things of the universe. God as God, but also the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Starting this belief, the Christian establish a complete doctrine including Doctrine of God, creationism, human n a ture, original sin of Christ on, Salvation. Understanding the knowledge and stories of "Bible" is a very important part of the western cultural training. Therefore after the formation of Christianity it gradually established a fixed, unified values and outlook on life. Those are met with the religious teaching, whether the regulation or the modern thoughts can not be divorced from the relationship with this religious. In practice, Christianity also starting from system to establish unified church organization such as church in urban and rural areas for christians to pray. China's religious has given people great freedom, so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts. Therefore, the God most Chinese people worship is not uniform. Most Chinese people do not belong to a religious organization, however, are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China, Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development. Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth, to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. On the other hand, in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the Chinese folk religion and worship of God is also very much prosperity and universal, various gods are the object that believers worship incense. the strong contrast between the conceptual life and practical life resulted in the loss of religious values and alienation in China, and also led to the emergence and spread of a variety of primitive superstitious beliefs and event. It caused abnormal development of the spiritual life, so that a heavy burden put on the reality of Chinese culture, many people have a spiritual emptinesssino-occidental religious culture impact on societyIn New York, some sociologists have investigated the well-known family at the same time, one is Christian Edwards, (JonathanEdwards) couple families, the other one is an atheist Zuke Shi (MaxJukes) couple families. After 200 years, two generations have the following phenomena:In 1984 a statistical report revealed the divorce rate as high as 70% of Americans, but the Christian divorce rate is only 5%, or one-twentieth; permanent divorce Christians go to church only 0.5%, or 1 / 200; constant attend worship and Sunday School who read the Bible together at home, and divorce and there is only 0.05%, that is, 1 / 2000, which means that only two thousand couples a pair of divorce. Relationship with Jesus Christ we see more closely, family more happiness.Although these data only talk about the impact of western religious on society, but it’s not difficult to see that the religious culture played a significant role in society life.ConclusionWhere the beauty of world is the difference and diversity, cultural differences are no exception.West is theism, believe in God, believe in God, everyone is God's people, everyone is equal before God. Faith is the most powerful spiritual support. It guided the direction of life, to give the necessary spiritual comfort. Science developed capitalist countries, many religious people and even its leaders want God bless. China is atheist, does not believe in God, but some people believe in ghosts, some people believe in Confucianism or Taoism. The people who believe in God love God, and hope the gods appear to bless them. But the people who believe in ghosts are afraid of ghosts, hope them do not to endanger themselves and their families, but also don’t pray for his protection.Those who believe in God believe in God's oversight and protection of self-restraint, they go to church every week in order to get the gods care. Tho se who believe in ghosts don’t have supervision and protection of God, self-discipline is poor, they need power to constrain, they don’t pray every day. Only to find a shaman to exorcism ghost when they think they are in danger. So the West country which believe in God, places religion at the core to form a cohesive; atheist China, no core at all, people are fugitive like a mess of sand, the state stressed the collective spirit and the people need ritual to limit themselves. Fortunately, Confucianism is deep-rooted in China, people are bound by moral codes. Which made China to be a ceremony country.Reference[1]陈建新.论中西方宗教的本质差异[J].阿坝师范高等专科学校学报,2002,(1).[2]贾玉新.跨文化交际学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004.。

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文认识中西方文化的差异,有助于提高学生英语学习的能力、兴趣以及文化修养。

下面是店铺为大家整理的中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文,供大家参考。

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文篇一一、文化文化一词起源于拉丁文,原意是耕种、栽培、居住,体现人类改造自然的意义,属于物质生活活动范畴。

后被引申为人类改造自我的意义,包含技能的练习、性情和品德的陶冶、教养等方面,属于精神生活范畴。

英国学者泰勒认为“文化包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及作为社会成员的人所具有的其他一切能力与习惯”。

我国的哲学家、社会学家、人类学家、历史学家以及语言学家都对文化的定义进行不断的探讨,综合各个领域学者对文化的理解,文化属于一种社会现象,是人类在长期创造过程中形成的产物;同时,文化承载了历史,是一种历史现象。

总体来说,文化可以传承一个国家或者民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习惯、生活方式、思维方式、行为规范、价值观念、文学艺术等,是人与人在交流过程中能够传承的一种意识形态。

文化可被分为物质文化层、制度文化层、行为文化层和心态文化层。

物质文化是一种显性文化,包括人类创造的各种物质文化,如服饰、用品、工具等。

制度文化和心态文化属于隐形文化,包括日常生活中和工作中的各种制度和思维方式、宗教信仰等方面。

行为文化则是人类在制度文化和心态文化的作用下,借助物质文化所进行的日常行为。

二、跨文化交际跨文化交际是指具有不同文化背景的人之间的各种形式的接触,包括言语交际和非言语行为。

言语交际是指人与人之间以语言为形式的交流,非言语行为交际则指以语言以外的形式如体态语、副语言、客体语、环境语等进行的人与人之间的交际。

言语交际和非言语交际都可传递一定的信息,目的是交流。

经济的快速发展促使国与国之间的经济贸易往来频繁化,这就需要涉外部门的工作人员具有良好的跨文化交际能力。

此外,全球一体化促使世界文化共存的局面,近年来在我国出现越来越多的外企,这首先要求在外企的工作人员了解该企业文化以便工作顺利进展;与外企有往来的人员也要懂得相关的文化知识,以避免文化不同导致的交际不畅。

东西方宗教文化差异论文(2)

东西方宗教文化差异论文(2)

东西方宗教文化差异论文(2)东西方宗教文化差异论文篇二从宗教中灵魂的归属看东西方文化的差异摘要:不同的历史背景造就了中西方文化的巨大差异。

伴随着经济不断发展,政治隔绝以及文化格局也在不断变化,使得东西方交流日益密切。

宗教作为影响人类思想发展的一个重要因素,能够从精神层面反映出东西方文化的差异。

笔者从东西方宗教开端,教义的形成对比分析东西方对灵魂的描述,进而阐述不通文化背景下宗教对于灵魂归属的差异。

关键词:东西方;宗教;灵魂归属引言:宗教是人类社会的产物,它由人而生,并伴随着人类社会不断发展,随人的演进而演进,虽然历经启蒙理性、科学技术等多次洗礼,却依然屹立不倒,在人的精神世界中占有一份宝贵的牢固的位置,即便是在人类已经迈进信息时代的今天也是如此,这足以说明宗教对于我们的世俗生活及精神生活的重要。

西方人所信奉的宗教以____最为典型,东方人所信奉的宗教中以佛教最受到欢迎。

通过比较,笔者发现两种宗教中都有对灵魂归属的描述,但它们的描述本身又都存在着诸多的不同。

笔者在本文中,既是要通过比较这两种宗教中关于灵魂归属描述上的差异,来窥视东西方文化上的差异。

一、东西方宗教中关于灵魂归属的描述东西方宗教中――比如西方的____,东方的佛教――都有对灵魂以及灵魂归属的描述,下面就让我们让这些描述分别列举出来。

1.西方宗教中关于灵魂归属的描述西方宗教以____最为盛行,并且取得了最为广泛和深远的影响。

而基督____重要的经典就是《圣经》。

在《圣经》中,我们的灵魂将会归于何处呢?(1)《圣经》中关于天堂的描述《圣经》是西方____最为重要,也是唯一的经典。

在《圣经》里,人死后都是有灵魂的,而人死后的灵魂只有两个去处,一个天堂,一个是地狱。

首先,根据《圣经》的说法,人因为偷了禁果,所以生来就是有罪的,在人世生活的时间,要尽量的赎罪。

在人世间能够皈依上帝并虔诚赎罪的人,都能得到上帝的谅解,那么他死后的灵魂就会升入天堂,反之就会堕入地狱。

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China and western religious beliefsThesis statement:Culture is the soul of the country, and religious culture is an important part of the nation culture. This paper compares the differences between Chinese and western religious culture. to see their differences and similarities, and a tentative explanation is given to the differences of these two systems from the aspect of culture as to illustrate the role they play in their own society.Outline:1.Introduction1.1The history of English religious1.2The history of China religious2. Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs2. 1 Similarities2. 2 Differences3. sino-occidental religious culture impact on society4. ConclusionWorks citedIntroductionIn the early human social,Religious includes world explanation, judicial, moral cultivation and mental comfort, and other functions. In modern society, science and judicial have separated from some religious, but the moral training and mental comfort function will continue to exist. Religion’s belief systems and social groups are an important part of human thought culture and social form.1.1The History of ChristianityThe History of Christianity is the study of the religion started by a Jewish prophet from Nazareth named Jesus. Christianity would grow into one of the world's majorreligions, impacting all other religions and changing the course of human history.Christian history mainly concerns the Christian religion and Church, up to contemporary times and denominations. Christianity differs most significantly from the otherAbrahamic religions in its claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son. The vast majority of Christians believe in a triune God consisting of three unified and distinctpersons: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Throughout its history, the religion hasweathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches.The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the EasternOrthodox Church and the Protestant Churches. Christianity began spreading initiallyfrom Jerusalem, and then throughout the Near East, ultimately becoming the statereligion of Armenia in 301 , of Ethiopia in 325,of Georgia in 337, and then the Statechurch of the Roman Empire in 380. Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, it expanded throughout the world during Europe's Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the world's largest religion.1.2The History of china religiousConfucianism, also known as Confucianism, the Confucian doctrine, otherwise known as Confucianism, but does not refer to religion. Confucius as the master ofConfucianism, so there is called Confucianis. Confucian classics formed in times ofConfucius, but in different age the interpretation of Confucian classics are very different, so it is difficult get a comprehensive define to the Confucian. Essence of Confucianism can be said of social ethics and social management, ethics, or religious interpretation, but not the religion. Ming and Qing dynasties look the Neo-Confucianism that formed in Song Dynasty as official theory so the Neo-Confucianism has spread as mainstream of Confucianism.Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs2.1 The SimilaritiesThey have the same background, the Christian was created When the Jews were ruled by The Roman Empire, Jews look forward to a person just like the farseer said who can take them moving towards freedom. While China, Confucianism and Taoism are created when the people were suffering in pain during the Warring States period,2.2 The Differences1.Separation of Man and God in Western religions and unity of that in Chinaoriginal sin is the foundation of Christian theory and practice . Because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and Transmitted to their descendants, the result is men are guilty, all mankind have sin. because of this people are bound to die, and will were punished in all their life. We can see from the original sin all things of Christianity are classified into two worlds: the human world and God’s world.Person’s world is a world separated from God, and human’s world depends on God’sworld, so everything is the communication between the two worlds and its results.Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature.While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature,issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented.2.Monotheism of western religions and pluralism of China religionsChristianity is a strictly monotheistic, think that there only have one master of theuniverse that is God. According to predetermined level of order and purpose God arrange things of the universe. God as God, but also the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Starting this belief, the Christian establish a complete doctrine including Doctrine of God, creationism, human n a ture, original sin of Christ on, Salvation. Understanding the knowledge and stories of "Bible" is a very important part of the western cultural training. Therefore after the formation of Christianity it gradually established a fixed, unified values and outlook on life. Those are met with the religious teaching, whether the regulation or the modern thoughts can not be divorced from the relationship with this religious. In practice, Christianity also starting from system to establish unified church organization such as church in urban and rural areas for christians to pray. China's religious has given people great freedom, so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts. Therefore, the God most Chinese people worship is not uniform. Most Chinese people do not belong to a religious organization, however, are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China, Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development. Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth, to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. On the other hand, in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the Chinese folk religion and worship of God is also very much prosperity and universal, various gods are the object that believers worship incense. the strong contrast between the conceptual life and practical life resulted in the loss of religious values and alienation in China, and also led to the emergence and spread of a variety of primitive superstitious beliefs and event. It caused abnormal development of the spiritual life, so that a heavy burden put on the reality of Chinese culture, many people have a spiritual emptinesssino-occidental religious culture impact on societyIn New York, some sociologists have investigated the well-known family at the same time, one is Christian Edwards, (JonathanEdwards) couple families, the other one is an atheist Zuke Shi (MaxJukes) couple families. After 200 years, two generations have the following phenomena:In 1984 a statistical report revealed the divorce rate as high as 70% of Americans, but the Christian divorce rate is only 5%, or one-twentieth; permanent divorce Christians go to church only 0.5%, or 1 / 200; constant attend worship and Sunday School who read the Bible together at home, and divorce and there is only 0.05%, that is, 1 / 2000, which means that only two thousand couples a pair of divorce. Relationship with Jesus Christ we see more closely, family more happiness.Although these data only talk about the impact of western religious on society, but it’s not difficult to see that the religious culture played a significant role in society life.ConclusionWhere the beauty of world is the difference and diversity, cultural differences are no exception.West is theism, believe in God, believe in God, everyone is God's people, everyone is equal before God. Faith is the most powerful spiritual support. It guided the direction of life, to give the necessary spiritual comfort. Science developed capitalist countries, many religious people and even its leaders want God bless. China is atheist, does not believe in God, but some people believe in ghosts, some people believe in Confucianism or Taoism. The people who believe in God love God, and hope the gods appear to bless them. But the people who believe in ghosts are afraid of ghosts, hope them do not to endanger themselves and their families, but also don’t pray for his protection.Those who believe in God believe in God's oversight and protection of self-restraint, they go to church every week in order to get the gods care. Tho se who believe in ghosts don’t have supervision and protection of God, self-discipline is poor, they need power to constrain, they don’t pray every day. Only to find a shaman to exorcism ghost when they think they are in danger. So the West country which believe in God, places religion at the core to form a cohesive; atheist China, no core at all, people are fugitive like a mess of sand, the state stressed the collective spirit and the people need ritual to limit themselves. Fortunately, Confucianism is deep-rooted in China, people are bound by moral codes. Which made China to be a ceremony country.Reference[1]陈建新.论中西方宗教的本质差异[J].阿坝师范高等专科学校学报,2002,(1).[2]贾玉新.跨文化交际学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004.。

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