Encounter使用入门教程
新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3(参考答案完整版)
新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 1 Enjoy the colorful campus life!II Basic listening practice 1.C) 2. D) 3. B)III Listening inTask 1(1)the first day(3)really good(5) went over her head (7)notes(9) participationTask 2(1)extra training(3)accounting(5) better potential(7) challenging(9) better understanding Task 31. B)2. C)3. D)IV Speaking outModel 1(1)already I feel like I(2)I already feel like I(3)have to hit the books (4)rub off on you4. D)5. A)(2)changing(4)hard workers(6) explained(8)Wednesday (10)education(2)chemistry(4)many fields of study(6) business degree(8) how to learn(10) narrow-minded4. A)5. D)ve learned a lotm up to my ears in homework(5)Probably, you ' ll have no repeat the year(6)I ' ll be burning the midnight oil.Model 2(1)how I ' m going to stay awake(2)He could put the entire basketball team to slee-pduring the championship game(3)She ' s tough(4)No pain, no gain(5)he usually fails half on the students(6)I ' m bored to deathModel 3(1)what are your primary duties as a professor(2)I do a lot of research and writing(3)Teaching is an important part of being a professor(4)applying for grants to fund my research(5)being a professor sounds pretty competitive(6)So you get an F in this courseV Let ' s talk(1) quality (2) young (3) 25(4) difficult (5) government (6) quality(7) cut (8) extra-cautions (9) afford(10) experience (11) more (12) blame(13) budget (14) puzzled (15) serviceVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1)standardized tests (3)interest(5)well -rounded(7)the rest of the school Task 2(2)abilities and interest (4)pressure(6)get into good colleges (8)from bad to worse(S1) course (S2) quizzes (S3) semester(S4) confident(S5) party(S6) make(S7) missed(S8) they had a flat tire on the way back and didn ' t have a spare(S9) placed them in separate rooms, handed each of them a paper(S10) On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “ Which of the tires was flat Task 31. B)2. A)3. C)4. D)5. D)Viewing and speaking1. (1) increasing (2) 12 (3) more(4) facilities (5) lecturers (6) poorer(7) grant (8) one (9) budget(10) less (11) young (12) classic(13) part-time (14) growing (15) two-yearUnit 1 testPart I Keys:1.A2.B3.D4.B5.DPart II(1)f or (2)with (3)opportunity (4)tuition (5)explore (6)encounter (7)adventure (8)As with any country, it is not advisable to carry large amounts of cash around with you(9)T raveler's checks are one of the safest and easiest ways to transport money, because you may have them replaced if they get lost or stolen (10)It is wise to bring about $100 with you in U.S. cash, so you will be able to manage upon your arrival in the StatesPart III1.C2.A3.B4.D5.APart IV1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B 10.C新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 2 Our globe is in danger!I Lead -in 1. 3II Basic listening practice1. B)2.D)3.A)4.A)5. C)III Listening inTask 1(1) nature (2) environmental problem (3) pollution (4) promote(5) aware of (6) from occurring(7) law (8) throw away(9) finde (10) trashTask 21. D)2. A)3. B)4. C)5. D)Task 31. D)2. D)3. A)4. B)5. C)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) getting along during this usually hot weather(2) the hot, humid weather is killing her(3) does bring global warming and rain(4)Everybody should know what causes global warming. Otherwise we won(5)not to burn any more wood or coal(6)the polar ice caps melt and oceans riseModel 2(1)asking for donations to save the rainforests(2)They need hot, tropical climates(3)heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation(4)plant and animal species exist only in rainforests(5)are in danger of destruction by(6)find a way to save themModel 3(1) a big sandstorm hit our city(2)The air was full of dirt and sand dust(3)comes after a long period of drought(4)the soil can be lifted up(5)plant more trees and grass(6)launching a new afforestation program in a bid to address the environmental problemV Let ' s talk(1) - b (2) - a (3) - h (4) - d(5) - g (6) – e (7) – c (8) -fVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1)water pollution(3)economic growth(5)social advancement(7)government planning(9)remarkable steps Task 2 t stop it.(2) overconsumption (4) resources(6) restricted(8) economic policy (10) balance(S1) negative (S2) report (S3) warming (S4) pressures (S5) mountainous (S6) barely (S7) make way for(S8) expect 98 percent of the mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055 (S9) the UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problems facing mountain areas (S10) Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year Task 3 1. B) 2. A)3. C)4. D)5. D)Viewing and speaking1. (1) signs (2) warmer temperatures(3) warmest (4) snow (5) attracts(6) trouble(7) normal(8) best season(9) one-time(10) whiteUnit 2 test Part I Keys: 1. C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D Part II(1) c hemicals (2)atmosphere (3)particles (4)trapped (5)lasts (6)human-based(7) p rogressed (8)Even in Ancient Rome people complained about smoke put into the atmosphere (9)Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of human beings (10)Cities with large numbers of automobiles or those that use great quantities of coal often suffer most severely from air pollution problems1. D)Task 32. B)3. A)4. C)5. C)Part III1. A2.C3.D4.C5.B Part IV1.B2.C3.D4.C5.C6.A7.D8.D9.B 10.C新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 3 Culture makes me what I am. I Lead -in 1) C2) I3) I4) CII Basic listening practice 1. C)2. A)3. D)4. B)III Listening in Task 1 1. C) 2. A) 3. C) 4. B)Task 2 (S1) roots (S2) what (S3) moral (S4) diligence (S5) sin (S6) teachings(S7) centuries well (S9) In English a new world has been created to describe people who work compulsively(S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive Task 35. A)5. D)(S8) Even as children they were taught,If it w'ortsh doing at all, it w'ortsh doing1. D)2. A)3. D)4. A)5. C) IV Speaking outModel 1(1)individual interests rank above everything else(2)it ' s a sharp contrast to the oriental collectivism(3)is not necessarily an equivalent for selfishness(4)all values, rights, and duties originate in individuals(5)in oriental countries the interests of the group are moreimportant than anything else(6)Why do Americans cherish individualismModel 2(1)always seem to be in a hurry(2)What do you think are the reasons for that difference(3)Does this strong sense of time affect their lifestyle(4)led them to create fast food(5)globalization shrinks the differences between cultures(6)the gap will eventually be bridgedModel 3(1)they ' re on top(2)they definitely get the best marks(3)They never skip class(4)did homework each night until the early hours(5)That ' s the secret of their success(6)I just want to learn it in an interesting wayV Let ' s talk1. (1) transatlantic slave trade(2)unknown lands(3)dignity or payment2.(1) rich(2)cotton and sugar3.(1) all over the world(2)family history(3)changed4.200th anniversary5.(1) banned(2)taking part in(3)slavery(4)freedVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 12. B)3. A)4. C)5. D)1. C)Task 21. T2. F3. T4. F5. FTask 31. The Russian hurled the hal-ffull bottle of vodka out of the open window.2.He answered, “V odka is plentiful in my country. In fact, we have thousands and thousands of liters of it-far more than we need. ”3.The businessman said, “ I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year. Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away. I find your actions quite puzzling.4.He replied, “ Cigars are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than weknow what to do with. ”5.The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window. He did that probably because he thought there were too many lawyers in the United States.Viewing and speaking1. (1) disappearing (2) kicking (3) tea shop(4)image crisis (5) update (6) compete(10) similar (11) want (12) challenge(13) consumer (14) traditionalUnit 3 testPart I Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.DPart II(1)values (2) purpose (3) true (4) Nowhere (5) equality (6) races (7) laboratory (8) Although Edwards specifically mentions young men, young women also compete in organized sports without regard to their race or economic background (9) Many Americans believe that learning how to win in sports helps develop the habits necessary to compete successfully in later life (10) the competitive ethic taught in sports must be learned and cultivated in youth for the future success of American business and military efforts Part III 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.DPart IV 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 4 Taste the sweets and bitters of family life.I Lead -in1. 3 2 4 1II Basic listening practice1. C)2. A)3. B)4. C)5. D)III Listening inTask 1(S1) typical(S2) known(S3) Generally(S4) find(S5) apartment(S6) sole(S7) principal(S8) Dual -earner families are the predominant type for families with children in the United States(S9) adequate day care of children is necessary for du-aelarner families (S10) companies are getting involved in the arrangement of day careTask 21. F2. T3. T4. F5. TTask 31. A)2. A)3. A)4. D)5. C)IV Speaking outModel 1(1)I ' m having a hectic time working on this report(2)it ' s been more than five years, almost six, since we were married(3)Time has gone so fast(4)I ' m this close to getting a promotion(5)What has that got to do with it(6)you have a great pointModel 2(1)So many people in the United States get divorced(2)the divorce rate can be as high as 50 percent(3)Westerners fall head over heels in love quickly(4)some marriages break up, but most couples stay together(5)Do people get married young(6)Do women usually work after they get marriedModel 3(1)haven ' t seen dad for ages(2)my mom ' s been pretty sick(3)don ' t exaggerate(4)Never thought I was good enough for you(5)seriously, mom ' s not so bad(6)Why not just have both our parents here for ChristmasV Let ' s talk(1) cry (2) relief (3) strong(4) understanding (5) angry (6) left(7) wondering (8) five (9) sad(10) stress (11) friends (12) helps(13) Christmas (14) cousins (15) presentsVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) divorce her husband (2) irresponsible(3) challenging jobs (4) stability(5) bills (6) poverty line(7) apartment (8) yells at(9) calls him names (10) halfTask 21. B)2. C)3. A)4. D)5. C)Task 3(1) the last word (2) remarriage failures (3) picture(4) eight times (5) wife (6) dating(7) loneliness and anxiety (8) second (9) response to her (10) lukewarm (11) warmed up (12) accepted(13) ripe (14) blended into (15) rightViewing and speaking(2)similar (5)children (8)angry (3)room (6)patience (9)medicine1. (1) Lovely(4) apologize(7) listen(10) fantasticUnit 4 test Part I DADCC Part II(1) a t (2)wheel (3)tone (4)expression (5)Honey (6)divorce (7)speed (8)I don'wt antyou to try to talk me out of it because I don accounts, and all the credit cards, too (10)No, I Part III CABDA Part IV ADBCADABCD新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 5 Here are the seasons to enjoy. I Lead -in 1. 8 1 7645t love you any more (9)I want the bank ' ve got everything I need1. C)2. A)3. B)4. C) III Listening inTask 11. D)2. C)3. D)4. A) Task 21. T2. F3. T4. F Task 3(1) buy (2) office wear (4) cats (5) pet 5. C)5. B)5. T(3) likes (6) time (9) little tripII Basic listening practice(7) special dish (8) little party(10) countrysideIV Speaking out Model 1(1)We have goose and ham for Christmas dinner(2)we eat leftovers for days(3)he ' ll refuse a huge dinner and stick to a healthy meal(4)We heap up our presents under the tree(5)Your family prolongs the celebration for three days(6)Isn ' t that what the true spirit if Christmas is supposed to be Model 2(1)spend the holiday with her mother and brother(2)They were happy just to have survived their first harsh winter(3)that ' s good reason to celebrate(4)symbolize a family reunion(5)to be together and share a huge dinner(6)Just thinking about all that food makes my mouth water Model 3(1)Are you OK?(2)People in funny costumes and masks everywhere(3)dressing like witches and ghosts(4) A crowd of children followed me, shouting(5)They were hoping you ' d give them candy(6)it ' s a funny kind of holidayV Let ' s talk(1) - e (2) - b (3) - g (4) - d(5) - h (6) - a (7) - f (8) - cVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. A)2.D)3.C)4.B)5.C)Task 2(S1) celebration(S2) popular(S3) American(S4) died(S5) remarrying(S6) daughter(S7) 1900s(S8) the tradition was born, on the third Sunday every June, close to the anniversaryof Sonora ' s father 's death(S9) The card probably has a nice message on it saying what a great dad their father is (S10) British people might give their dad a bit of a res-tmake him a cup of tea, or even wash his car and mow the lawnTask 31. He thought that if men were not married, they would not mind joining the army.So he passed a law to forbid any more marriages.2.He kept on performing marriage ceremonies, secretly.3.They came to the jail to visit him. They threw flowers and notes up to his window.4.She was one of those young people and the daughter of the prison guard.5.Before he was killed, Valentine left the girl a little note thanking her for her friendship and loyalty. Hesigned, “ Love from your Valentine. ” That note started the custom.Viewing and speaking(1) fun (2) headache (3) 150(4) two million (5) feeling (6) atmosphere(7) traditional-looking (8) lights (9) regulations(10) family (11) translates (12) children(14) different (15) spreadsUnit 5 testPart I CACDD Part II(1) h ang (2)remains (3)symbol (4)performed (5)what (6)that (7)represent (8)By the year 1600, some Germans began bringing evergreen trees into their homes. They put fruit, nuts and sweets on the trees. (9)They say he did this to show how wonderful the stars had appeared to him as he traveled one night.(10)The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts of the world. Today, some form of Christmas tree is part of most Christmas celebrations. Part III DABCD Part IV CABCCABDAC新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 6 Here are tips for finding a job. II Basic listening practice1. B)2. C)3. C)4. A)5. D)Task 31. C)2. A)3. A)4. C)5. B)IV Speaking out Model 1(1) Did you go to the job fairs(2) I can ' t find anything interesting that I(3) You can use a search engine to find a job site related to your field (4) I just saw a job opening (5) submit my resume by e-mail1. C)2. D) III Listening in Task 11. T2. F Task 23. A)4. C) 3. T 4. T5. B)5. F6.T7. Tm qualified for(6)have you updated your resumeModel 2(1)be sure to maintain good eye contact(2)Don ' t look too shy, nor should you sound too aggressive(3)Many companies don ' t want a completely green hand(4)I gained some experience at an IT company(5)ability for teamwork is usually valued(6)Should I ask about salary and fringe benefitsModel 3(1)our best bet is to recruit from the competition(2)We also don ' t believe that a rigid management system will work wonders(3)that philosophy will help you attract many worthwhile people(4)he ' ll help us start a recruitment drive(5) A number of firms have been downsizing(6)can David help us pin them downV Let ' s talk1. (1) 900 (2) customer calls (3) 70(4) human resources (5) supported (6) customer-facing (7) place (8) two (9) right people (10) realistic (11) friends (12) helps(13) Christmas (14) cousins (15) presents2. 3 2 1 4 VI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) coast (2) impressed (3) shipping company (3) cargo (4) communication skills (6) essential(7) asset (8) team spirit (9) her age(10) her parentsTask 21. F2. T3. T4. F5. TTask 31. C)2. C)3. B)4. A)5. D)Viewing and speaking1. (1) selection (2) pressure (3) marketing(4) interview (5) business (6) nervous(7) laugh (8) redundant (9) difficult(10) sackingUnit 6 testPart I CBCDCPart II(1)ice (2) Examples (3) parking (4) response (5) provide (6) impression (7) ages (8) If this is the place where you would be working, they would automatically be worried that you will be late for work everyday (9) They might be historical questions regarding your previous employment or education (10) Make a statement, then support it by giving an example of a situation and how you handled it Part III CBACDPart IV DABCBCAADC新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3(参考答案)Unit 7 Why don ' t we start a business of our own?II Basic listening practice1. B)2. C)3. A)4. B)5. C)III Listening inTask 1(1) reception (2) new connections (3) distributed(4) green hand (5) business cards (6) talk business(7)card(8) follow up (9) more ground(10) piece of cakeTask 21. C)2. B)3. B)4. A)5. D)Task 3(1) technology-oriented (2) higher (3) returns (4) options (5) Venture capital (6) cash(7) founders (8) business ideas (9) potential (10) intellectual property protection (11) 100 percent (12) creators(13) stockIV Speaking outModel 1(1)you already know this company inside out(2)You have just barely enough funds to cover your da-yto-day operational expenses(3)my best bet is to secure a small business loan(4)They help underwrite loans for small business(5)I can still qualify for a loan(6)cover our overheadModel 2(1)I ' ve been searching for a loan(2)the company has been experiencing serious financial difficulties(3)we ' ve been operating in the red(4)the best course of action is to bankruptcy(5)we ' ll have to face even stiffer competition(6)they are interested in acquiring our companyModel 3(1) we ' ve been looking for a merger partner(2)Are you sure your operation has much to bring to the table(3)Definitely(4)we ' ve already received a few attractive bids(5) keep our shareholders ' interests in mind(6) It ' s reasonable to keep your employees ' welfare in mind V Let ' s talk (2) shock (4) shot up (6) opportunities (8) stable(9) money(10) ownVI Furthering listening and speaking Listening Task 1Part I ADDCD Part II(1) resulting (2) demand (3)on (4)trends (5)elderly (6)trend (7)pet -related (8)Look at existing businessesa nd the products and services they offer, and then determine if there's a need for more of those products or services (9) Keep an open mind and continue to assess everything you read and hear from a business point of view (10) Dream, think, plan, and you'll be ready to transform that business idea into the business you've always wanted Part III CBDAC(1) rapid growth (3) large (5) hard (7) different (9) money(10) ownVI Furthering listening and speaking Listening Task 1 1. D)2. C)3. C)4. A)Task 21. F2. T3. F4. FTask 31. C)2. B)3. D)4. C)Viewing and speaking1. The items in favor of the idea that 2), 4), 6), 7), 8). Unit 7 test 5. C)5. T5. A)Cadbury should be sold for more moneyPart IV BDBCA BDCDD新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 8 Here is a darker side of a society. II Basic listening practice 1. C) 2. C) 3. B) III Listening in Task 1 1. B) 2. A)3. C)Task 2 1. C) 2. D)3. C)Task 3 (1) 49(3) health care systems (5) expenses (7) lower (9) education(11) more opportunities (13) social ladder IV Speaking out Model 1(1) abuse of the elderly (2) people live longer now (3) try to save money on food and (4) is a national epidemic (5) care was substandard (6) in cases of abuse Model 2(1) she tells women the dangers of drinking4. A)5. D)4. C)5. D)4. B)5. C)(2) first birthday (4) reduce (6) increasing (8) faster(10) reduce poverty (12) live bettercare(2) I can ' t imagine someone as pretty as she is to be a drunk(3) there are alcoholics all over the world(4) who lack the willpower to stop(5) It ' s a disease that strikes(6) alcohol helped her to relaxModel 3(1) Why do you look so depressed(2) you ' ve been hooked(3) Apparently it ' s just like being addicted to drugs or alcohol(4) It takes over your life(5) he ' s a compulsive gambler(6) Tough but worth itV Let ' s talk(1) easier (2) loneliness(3) passed away (4) brain(5) health problems (6) younger(7) doctor (8) assumption(9) history (10) attitudesVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. B)2.A)3.C)4.B)5. C)Task 21. She thinks many of the big spenders on lottery tickets are poor; they spend money they can 't afford to spend2.He just buys lottery tickets for him. He thinks if he won a huge amount, it would be exciting.3.They buy lottery tickets out of desperation. Also the thrill of a win, of something for nothing,is addictive.4.Casinos are opening everywhere, many people go on gambling on holidays, andone can even take a gambling cruise.5.It will be helpful for habitual gamblers only when they want to be cured themselves.Task 31. C)2. D)3. A)4. B)5. A)Viewing and speaking1. (1) condition (2) dignity (3) fire(4) further (5) distinction (6) status(7) prosperity (8) fate (9) AnsweringUnit 8 testPart I CBADDPart II(1)h abit (2)crucial (3)among (4)decade (5)did (6)issues (7)adult (8)teens get turned off if you ask them a lot of direct questions (9)The first phone call generally takes about 45 minutes, with discussion about why the teen began smoking and the extent of the habit (10)Now 260 teens who have participated in the program are being followedPart III ABCBDPart IV CBACB ABCDC新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3(参考答案)Unit 9 What mode of travel do you prefer?I Lead -in1) plane 2) bike 3) truck / lorry 4) ship5) bus 6) motorcycle 7) subway / undergroundII Basic listening practice(1) I ' d like to book hotel and airline reservations (2) what ' s your destination (3) I ' m headed for(4) Will that be a one-way or a round-trip ticket (5) Return(6) Will you be flying first class or business class Model 2 (1) How did it go? Everything smooth sailing(2) It took me quite a while to find the United Airlines check-in counter (3) it was displayed on the monitor (4) there was a terrible line-up(5) I can stretch my legs and occasionally stand up in the aisle. (6) and it said that my flight would be boarding at Gate 33 Model 3 (1) You look like something the cat dragged in (2) You would too if you' d been through what I have(3) See my eyes? They ' re all bloodshot1. C)2. B) III Listening in Task 1 (1) security checks (4) carry-ons (7) seized (10) bags Task 2 1. A) 2. C)Task 3 1. A)2. B) IV Speaking out Model 13. C)4. D) (2) searched (5) checking (8) digital camera (11) on his way3. C)4. D)3. D)4. D)5. A)(3) fear (6) greater (9) take pictures (12) strange5. D)5. A)(4)How long does this jet lag last(5)I would whether a long flight like that is worth the high cost(6) reset my biological clock after a flightV Let ' s talk1. 1) (1)close (2) 12.9 million (3) dreamed2) (1) exhausted (2) cup of tea3) (1) abandon (2) set down (3) low4) (1) Pole (2) fly over5) (1) on (2) fast asleepVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) a couple of hours (2) less than an hour (3) fare(4) regular passengers (5) convenient (6) the same day(7) conditions of aircraft (8) accidents (9) large quantities of cargo(10) far awayTask 21. D)2. C)3. D)4. A)5. B)Task 31. (1) best (2) none of them2. (1) land (2) wings3. (1) small children (2) before4. smoothly5. (1) distributed evenly (2) clean itViewing and speaking1. (1) landing (2) followed (3) headed(4) present (5) succeeded (6) arrested(7) publish (8) attention (9) happened(10) cheering (11) charge (12) dropped(13) humorous (14) missed (15) get backUnit 9 testPart I CDCBCPart II(1) tiny (2) identity (3) maintain (4) fuel (5) networks (6) insurance (7) external (8) Ticket prices include a number of fees, taxes (9) If airlines carry passengers without proper documents on an international flight, they are responsible for carrying them back to the originating country (10) While airlines as a whole earned 6% return on capital employed, airports earned 10% Part III CABDCPart IV ABDCBDBADB新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版 3(参考答案)Unit 10 With a failing memory, you meet a lot of new people. I Lead -in1. T 6. T2. T7. F3. T8. T4. F9. TII Basic listening practice1. C)2. D)3. A)4. B)Task 11. B)2. C)3. D)4. C)Task 21. T2. F3. F4. T5. T 10. T5. C) 5. A) 5. F(1) brain (4) your brain (2)nerve connections(5)blood circulation(3)musical instrument(6)vegetablesIII Listening in Task 3IV Speaking outModel 1 (1) Do you have anything in mind (2) Remember I asked the chef for the recipe (3) did you forget that Linda doesn (4) It just slipped my mind(5) everyone forgets something sometimes (6) I ' m getting forgetful Model 2(1) Do you know what Jack' s home phone number is(2) I can ' t think of it off the top of my head (3) why don ' t you call Jane (4) They usually don' t release private information over the phone(5) have a powerful memory(6) I do have a good memory for faces and names, but a poor one for numbers and dates Model 3 (1) where was I(2) You were talking about your tour in London (3) I can ' t remember any more (4) What ' s wrong with your memory (5) I don ' t want to forget my own name (6) it ' s just temporary forgetfulness V Let ' s talk (1) memory power (4) saw (7) memories(7) Protect and support (8) healthy (9) sugar (10) memory loss (11) never functions (12) tobacco (13) Improve(14) remembering(15) temporaryt eat chicken(2) test (5) verdict (8) endure(3) new (6) seconds (9) volunteers。
sql的escape用法(一)
sql的escape用法(一)SQL的Escape用法详解SQL的Escape是一种用于处理特殊字符的机制,用于在SQL查询中正确地处理特殊字符,以避免产生意外结果或安全漏洞。
下面列举了几种常用的SQL的Escape用法,以及详细的讲解。
1. 转义字符•单引号的转义字符:在SQL查询中,单引号(’)用于表示字符串的起始和结束,如果字符串中包含有单引号字符,可以使用\'来转义。
例如,SELECT * FROM users WHERE name ='Tom\'s'。
•双引号的转义字符:某些数据库系统中,双引号(“)可用于表示对象名称,如果需要在对象名称中使用双引号字符,可以使用""来转义。
例如,SELECT * FROM "my""table"。
2. 参数化查询参数化查询是一种SQL查询的编程模式,通过将用户输入参数与SQL查询语句分开来处理,可以有效地防止SQL注入攻击,并简化SQL的Escape过程。
以下是参数化查询的用法:•预处理语句:使用JDBC、等编程接口时,可以使用预处理语句来执行参数化查询。
通过将输入参数绑定到预处理语句中的占位符,可以自动进行SQL的Escape和类型转换。
例如,SELECT *FROM users WHERE name = ?。
•命名参数:某些数据库系统支持通过名称绑定参数,而不是使用位置索引。
这样可以提高代码的可读性和可维护性。
例如,SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = :name。
3. ORM框架ORM(对象关系映射)框架是一种将数据库记录与对象之间进行映射的技术,很多ORM框架提供了自动处理SQL的Escape的功能。
以下是ORM框架的用法:•参数化查询:ORM框架通常会使用参数化查询来执行数据库操作,这样可以保证查询参数的安全性。
例如,使用Hibernate进行查询时,可以使用("FROM User WHERE name = :name")。
escape语句
escape语句escape语句是一种在编程语言中常见的用于处理特殊字符的机制。
它可以通过在特定字符前加上转义符号来改变其原本的含义。
下面将列举十个使用escape语句的实例,以帮助读者更好地理解其用法和作用。
1. 在字符串中插入引号在编程中,如果想在字符串中包含引号,可以使用escape语句将其转义。
例如,可以使用\"来表示双引号,\'来表示单引号。
2. 插入换行符在字符串中插入换行符可以使用escape语句\n。
这在需要将文本格式化为多行时非常有用。
3. 插入制表符在字符串中插入制表符可以使用escape语句\t。
这可以用于在输出中创建表格或对齐文本。
4. 插入回车符在字符串中插入回车符可以使用escape语句\r。
这在需要在文本中创建新的段落或换行时非常有用。
5. 插入退格符在字符串中插入退格符可以使用escape语句\b。
这可以用于删除前一个字符,通常用于输入错误的纠正。
6. 插入反斜杠符号在字符串中插入反斜杠符号可以使用escape语句\\。
这是因为在许多编程语言中,反斜杠符号被用作转义字符本身。
7. 插入Unicode字符在字符串中插入Unicode字符可以使用escape语句\u,后跟四个十六进制数字。
这可以用于插入特殊字符,如特殊符号或非常规字母。
8. 插入八进制字符在字符串中插入八进制字符可以使用escape语句\,后跟一个或多个八进制数字。
这可以用于插入特殊字符,如控制字符。
9. 插入十六进制字符在字符串中插入十六进制字符可以使用escape语句\x,后跟一个或多个十六进制数字。
这可以用于插入特殊字符,如控制字符。
10. 插入特殊字符在字符串中插入一些特殊字符,如换页符(\f)、垂直制表符(\v)或警报符(\a),可以使用相应的escape语句。
总结:通过上述十个实例,我们可以看到escape语句在处理特殊字符时的重要作用。
它可以将特殊字符转义,使其具有不同的含义,从而实现更多的字符串操作。
encounter很好的辅导资料
Invoke Cadence On-Line Document
1. 在terminal里执行 unix% /usr/cad/cadence/SOC/cur/tools/bin/cdnshelp & 如 果不输入完整路径而真接输入cdsdoc,则根据PATH设定的顺序不同可能会执 行到其它cadence软件的On-Line document。 2. 在Language上連点兩下,底下窗口列出LEF和DEF的文件, 再在LEF/DEF 5.6 Language Reference 上連点兩下,右边出现这份文件的内容。 在LEF Syntax上点兩下,应可看到所有LEF的语法說明,你可以再往下点找到详细的 LEF语法。 3. 回到Products页(现在可能被收起來了, 按一下Products展开),展开 SoC
Start SOC Encounter
5. 进入Lab-A lab unix% cd Lab-A 6. 这个Lab的设计档放在design_data目錄里, cell library的档案放在library目 錄里, 如果你是在学校里做这个design, 你必须从CIC提供tsmc.13 design kit 里找到这些档案. 7. 进入Lab2 unix% cd Lab2
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Lab1 On-Line Document { Logging in { Invoke Cadence On-Line Document { Lab2 System Startup Logging in Copy lab material Start SOC Encounter { Lab3 Design Import, floorplan Prepare Data Design Import Global Net Connect Specify Scan Chang Floorplan { Lab4 Powerplan Powerplan
encounter流程使用说明
The Basic Digital IC backend Flow Using Encounter9.1The backend flow with Encounter can be briefly expressed as follow:(1) Design Importing(2) Global Net Connect: just define the VSS and VDD, but not implement the connective.(3) Floorplan: initialize floorplan + auto floorplan + Add Halo(4) Power Planning: Add Ring + Add Strapes (core ring, block ring)(5) Special Route: without std cell(6) Placement: mode setup + place standard cell(7) Pre-CTS Timing Analysis and Optimization: cmd timeDesign -preCTS, optDesign -preCTS(8) CTS(9) Post-CTS Timing Analysis and Optimization: timeDesign -postCTS, timeDesign -postCTS -hold, optDesign -postCTS, optDesign -postCTS -hold(10) Special Route: just select standard cell(11) Trial Route(12) Nano Route(13) Post-Route Timing Analysis and Optimization(14) Add Filling (core filling, IO filling)(15) Verify Connectivity, Verify Geometry(16) Output SDF: extract RC + calculate delay(17) Export NETLIST, GDSII.In this tutorial, TSMC 35 technology is used.Data Preparation:1. Netlist: The verilog file comes from Design Compiler.2. SDC: The sdc file comes from Design Compiler, but revises it as follows:replace the follow codingset_units -time ns -resistance kOhm -capacitance pF -voltage V -current mAset_operating_conditions -max WCCOM -max_librarytpz773pntc -min BCCOM -min_library tpz773pntcset_wire_load_mode enclosedset_wire_load_model -name TSMC16K_Conservative -library tcb773ptcset_driving_cell -min -lib_cell PDI -pin C [get_ports N_RST]asset_operating_conditions -analysis_type bc_wc -max WCCOM -min BCCOMset_driving_cell -min -lib_cell PDI -pin C [get_ports N_RST] set_driving_cell -min -lib_cell PDI -pin C [get_ports CLK]and add theset_propagated_clock [get_clock clk]behind create_clock3. IO file: The .io file that defines the location and order of Pads or Pins.4. LEF file: Include the core and IO LEF, and their antenna LEF respectively.5. LIB file: Include the worst, best, typical case of both core(standard cells) and IO.6. StreamOut map: The map file that is used to map to the target technology when stream out GDSII file.I. Design ImportingFile--> Import Design...(1) Load Netlist, LEF, LIB, SDC, IO files, and write the cell name "By user". As fig.1 shows.When load the LEF files, we must select the files as the order: core.lef -- IO.lef -- core antenna.lef -- IO antenna.lef. Or there will be something wrong latter. As Fig. 2 shows.(2) Define power and GROUND nets as Fig. 3 shows.(3) Save configuration. Click the "save..." button and name it "Setup.conf".(4) Click "OK".II. Global Net ConnectPower--> Connect Global Nets...Define the "Pin Name" and "To Global Net" "VDD" and "VSS" respectively, and Add to List. This operation define the connection between Stdcell, Macro, IO power and gound Pins and Global power and ground. That means, in the following flow, all the Stdcell Macro, IO power/ground Pins should should connect to Global power/ground Nets.T hen, we should also define the logical "1" and "0" to connect to Global power and ground.Select "Tie High" and fill the "To Global Net" "VDD". Then add to list.The same to select "Tie Low" and define the logical "0".This global definition should be completed before Floorplan. Note that, This step just defines the connection-ship but not connects any pins actually.III. Floorplan(1) Floorplan --> Specify Floorplan.We can define the size and Core Utilization. And we must define the space between core and IO to place Power supply Rings. Here Idefine it 30 um.(2) Auto-FloorplanFloorplan --> Automatic Floorplan --> Plan DesignSelect "Keep Guide", and "OK".(3) Add HaloIf there are some macros, the Halos are needed to prevent unexpected nets routes through macros.Floorplan --> Edit Floorplan --> Edit Halo...Set the enough space for Halo.IV. Power Planning(1) Add power rings.Power --> Power Planning --> Add RingSet the appropriate "layer", "width", "spacing" and "offset" to create the power and ground rings.If some blocks need seperated power rings, the "Block rings around" can be selected.After adding power rings, the layout could be :(2) Adding stripesIf the design is rather large, and some stripes are needed to make sure the power supply is stable.Power --> Power Planning --> Add StripesSet the "Layer", "Direction", "Width", "Spacing", "Set-to-setdistance", "Relative from core or selected area".Then, the layout becomes as,V. Special RouteThe object of this step is to connect the power pins of Macros, IOs, Rings and stripes to power nets acturally which has been defined in "Global Net connect" step.Route --> Special RouteAs there is no std cell placed, the "Standard Cell Pins" isunselected.Click "OK".VI. Placement(1) Mode SetupOptions --> Set Mode --> Mode Setup Select as follows:(2) Place Standard CellsPlace --> Place Standard CellSelect as follow:Click "OK".Select the last view (physical view) at the upper right corner, and the placed standard cells can be seen as follow:VII. Pre-CTS Timing Analysis and Optimization(1) AnalysisAfter Placement, we should analysis the timing constrains.Run the follow command in the terminal:timeDesign -preCTSThe steps: Trial route, native defalt RC extraction, and timinganalysis for generating timing reports, are doing step by step. Thereare some nets appear.And to see the terminal, there are 2 max_cap violations and 75 max_tran violations. Therefore, some optimization must be done to fix these violations.(2) Optimizationrunning the follow command in treminal optDesign -preCTSThose violations are fixed.VIII. CTSClock --> Synthesize Clock Tree(1) Generate clock tree specification file.Click "Gen Spec..."Add the buffer cell to the right as the buffer to insert in the clock tree.(2) SynthesizeThe clock tree specification file appears in the blank. Then "OK".IX. Post-CTS Timing Analysis and Optimization The same with step VII, but with follow commands.(1) AnalysistimeDesign -postCTS (analyze setup time) timeDesign -postCTS -hold (analyze hold time) (2) OptimizationoptDesign -postCTS (optimize setup time)optDesign -postCTS -hold (optimizehold time)(3) Deeper optimizationIf the above optimization can not fix all the violations, the deeper optimization should be continue.optDesign -postCTS -incroptDesign -postCTS -hold -incrNote: If there are still some violations that can not be fixed anyway, ignore them and optimize them after routing.X. Special Route for Standard CellThe same with step V, and just select Standard Cell PinsXI. Trial RouteRoute --> Trial RouteUsing the default configuration.There will be some diamond and multicolor shapes that appear in the Design Window if there are some congestion.XII. Nano RouteRoute --> NanoRoute --> Route... Select as follow:XIII. Post-Route Timing Analysis and OptimizationThe same with post-CTS timing analysis and optimization. the commands are:timeDesign -postRoute [-hold]optDesign -postRoute [-hold] [-incr]If there are some max_cap or transition violations, use the commond: optDesign -postRoute -drvXIV. Add Fillers(1) Place --> Physical Cell --> Add (IO) FillersClick "Select" behind "Cell Name"Add the list cells to left.Click OK.(2) Add MetalsRoute --> Metal Fill --> Add...XV. Verify(1) Verify Connectivity Verify --> Verify Connectivity(2) Verify Geometry Verify --> Verify GeometryXVI. Output SDF: extract RC + calculate delay(1) Timing --> Extract RC...(2) Timing --> Write SDFXVII. Export NETLIST, GDSII.(1) Save netlisFile --> Save --> Netlist...(2) Save GDSIIFile --> Save --> GDS/OASIS...Fill the output file name, select the prepared map file, and merge the standard cell and IO gds files.The works that must be done to make sure the backend results are correct.(1) Formalitycompare the output netlist from encounter and the netlist from DC.(2) PT(3) DRC & LVSUsing the calibre to do DRC & LVS.(4) Post simulationOnly all of the above four check ways are correct, dose this GDSII can be tapped out.。
Encounter使用方法
Encounter使用入门教程本教程介绍一下自动布局布线工具Encounter的使用知识,开始以一个简单的十进制计数器版图的自动实现为例子,之后介绍包含block模块的复杂的版图自动实现。
在Designer Compiler使用入门教程中,笔者设计了一个十进制计数器,并经过Design Compiler对其进行综合后获得了门级综合网表文件counter.sv以及约束文件counter.sdc,根据这两个文件,我们就可以使用SOC Encounter实现十进制计数器的物理版图设计了。
首先,我们要准备使用Encounter进行版图自动设计时所需要的数据:时序库文件:fast.lib,slow.lib,tpz973gwc.lib,tpz973gbc.lib物理库文件:tsmc18_6lm_cic.lef,tpz973g_5lm_cic.lef,tsmc18_6lm_antenna_cic.lef 门级网表文件:pad_counter.sv时序约束文件:pad_counter.sdcIO位置放置文件:pad_counter.io //在设计导入Encounter中指定PAD的放置位置文件,不是必须文件还有其它一些文件在后面用到时进行介绍。
一、网表中添加PAD、编写IO Assignment File这里,pad_counter.sv是加入PAD后综合得到的门级网表。
工程项目中设计制作完成后的芯片要进行封装,PAD就是芯片在封装时连接封装引线的地方。
一般信号输入/输出PAD即I/O PAD要在综合前添加进入网表中,电源电压PAD 可以在综合时添加也可以在综合后添加。
接下来就先介绍一下如何在网表中加入PAD,其实给网表加入PAD就是一般的module例化,和Verilog中一般的module 模块例化是一样的。
这里介绍在综合时给设计中加入I/O PAD。
十进制计数器的Verilog源程序如下:module Cnt10(reset_n,clk,in_ena,cnt,carry_ena);input clk;input reset_n;input in_ena;output [3:0] cnt;output carry_ena;reg [3:0] cnt;reg carry_ena;always @(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)beginif(!reset_n)cnt<=4'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt==4'd10)cnt<=4'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt<4'd10)cnt<=cnt+1'b1;endalways @(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)beginif(!reset_n)carry_ena<=1'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt==4'd10)carry_ena<=1'b1;elsecarry_ena<=1'b0;endendmodule加入PAD后的十进制计数器Verilog网表如下:module Cnt10_PAD(reset_n,clk,in_ena,cnt,carry_ena); //顶层模块input reset_n;input clk;input in_ena;output [3:0] cnt;output carry_ena;wire top_clk,top_reset,top_in_ena;wire top_carry_ena;wire [3:0] top_cnt;Cnt10CNT10(.reset_n(top_reset),.clk(top_clk),.in_ena(top_in_ena),.cnt(top_cnt),.carry_ena (top_carry_ena)); //这里是对Cnt10 module的例化//下面是I/O PAD module的例化PDIDGZ PAD_CLK(.PAD(clk),.C(top_clk));PDIDGZ PAD_RESET(.PAD(reset_n),.C(top_reset));PDIDGZ PAD_IN_ENA(.PAD(in_ena),.C(top_in_ena));PDO02CDG PAD_CARRY_ENA(.I(top_carry_ena),.PAD(carry_ena));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_0(.I(top_cnt[0]),.PAD(cnt[0]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_1(.I(top_cnt[1]),.PAD(cnt[1]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_2(.I(top_cnt[2]),.PAD(cnt[2]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_3(.I(top_cnt[3]),.PAD(cnt[3]));endmodule说明:关于PAD如何例化,首先要查看厂家提供的工艺库中的关于PAD的verilog 文件,如本例子中使用tsmc18工艺库,描述PAD的verilog文件为tpz973g.v,这个文件是PAD文件的verilog描述,包括输入输出的端口等信息。
Encounter快速入门教程
Encounter 能够与各种其他工具集成,如 Microsoft Office、Teams、 OneDrive 等。
encounter的特点和优势
优势
提高工作效率:通过 Encounter,团队成员可以更快速地协作、沟通和 完成任务。
减少沟通成本:Encounter 提供了直观、易于使用的沟通工具,可以降 低沟通成本。
网络架构
encounter采用去中心化的分布式网络架 构,由多个节点组成,节点之间通过P2P 协议进行通信。
VS
通信协议
encounter使用自定义的通信协议,以确 保节点之间的安全通信。通信协议包括消 息的格式、加密方式、认证机制等。
04
encounter实践案例分 享
使用encounter进行网络分析的案例
encounter与其他安全工具的对比和优势分析
对比
与其他安全工具相比,encounter具有高效、准确、易 用等优点,同时能够与其他安全工具进行集成和交互 ,形成更加完善的安全解决方案。
优势分析
encounter的优势在于其先进的技术和算法,能够快速 准确地检测和防御网络安全威胁,同时其良好的扩展 性和兼容性也能够满足不同用户的需求。
使用encounter进行安全事件处理的案例
要点一
总结词
要点二
详细描述
安全事件处理是encounter的重要应用之一,通过自动 化和智能化手段,可以帮助企业快速响应和处理安全 事件。
当encounter检测到安全事件时,会自动进行事件分析 、分类和优先级判断,并生成详细的报告和警报信息 。同时,encounter还支持自动化响应措施,如隔离网 络、阻止IP等,帮助企业快速处理安全事件,减少损失 。
基于Encounter软件的布局布线_
导出GDSⅡ
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谢谢大家!
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Design Import对话框中Design栏
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Core Spec Defaults栏
在Core Spec Defaults栏目中: Spect Ratio为芯片的高度和宽度之比; Core Utilization是芯片的利用率; Core to left:芯片到左边I/O边缘的距离; Core to right:芯片到右边I/O边缘的距离; Core to top:芯片到上边边I/O边缘的距离; Core to bottom:芯片到下边I/O边缘的距离; 设置Core到I/O边缘的距离大于零是为了给后面布电源和地线留出空间来。
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Power栏
Power/Ground Nets/Power Nets中填入设计需要的电源名称; Power/Ground Nets/Ground Nets中填入设计需要的地线名称; 在后面布电源线和地线的时候会用到;如果设计中有多组电源和地, 比如电源有VDDC、 VDDO、VDDH和地VSSC,、VSSO、VSSH,就分别都填上去,中 间用一个空格隔开。
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添加了横竖STRIPES后的版图
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SROUTE
布好CORE 的电源和地 线后,就可 以给标准单 元布电源和 地线,通过 Route / SRoute设置
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Basic / Net (s) 中填入给标准 单元供电的电 源地线。 Route一栏选 择要连接该组 电源地线的选 项。 Layer Change Control中Top layer和Bottom layer分别填入 用到的库的最 高金属层次和 最低金属层次。 Sroute对话框
Encounter
1.import设计之后需要 对综合后的网表、约束文件 进行check, 使用checkDesign –all
Floorplan
在工具菜单中FloorPlan specify Floorplan 弹出如图右边的界面。 如果要定义一个IP的面积选择 Die Size by: Width 500 (定义IP的宽度) Height 500 (定义IP的高度)
Import design
1. Yield 这项主要是 用在65ns 工艺及以下,主要用来提高芯片的良率的一些约束文件. 2. Timing主要用来做partition 3.MMMC主要是低功耗设计设计的约束文件.. 把所有的输入文件加载后,点击OK
Import design
Placement
Cell padding的功能告诉工具 在placement cell时,需要在 Reg 、latch 的单元附近 预先留指定buffer单元的定 倍数个单元的空间,目的是 在做时钟树时,需要大量buf或者 是inv单元,而这些单元则能 尽可能近的接近这时序单元, 减少时钟net的长度。
Powerplan
在调整好Floorplan之后,下一个阶段是规划IP模块的电源、地线的规划, 如果工艺选的是4层metal布线,最好选择metal3 和metal4做VDD VSS的stripes, Stripes的间隔值的大小与芯片消耗的峰值有关,如果峰值比较大,那么stripes尽ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้的做得 比较密些,间距少一些。反之则stripes要做稀疏些,间距大一些。那么怎样估算总的VDD VSS stripes 的宽度值 假如IP的做powerAnalysis得出的峰值180 mw,根据厂家给的PCM参数,metal1的电迁 移值为1um/1ma,那么总的 Stipes’s width=180mw/1.8v * 1ma=180um 如果IP做成2000X2000平方微米,如果做成水平和垂直方向的电源网格 建议做成水平的stripes 的width 为9um 做十条,space 200um. 建议做成垂直的stripes 的width 为9um 做十条, space 200um. 这样做能保证电流比较均匀的分布到芯片每一个区域,减少IRdrop.
SOC_encounter使用说明
Power Planning and Routing
点击菜单栏Power 图:
Power Planning
Add Rings, 如下
• ’Ring Configuration‘ 选项设置电源地环所用的金属层及其宽度、间距信
息。如上图,本例中环的上下左右部分分别采用Metal6, Metal6, Metal5, Metal5。因为考虑到高层金属的电阻较小,电源环通常采用较高层金属,以尽量 减小电压降。 金属宽度Width: 都设为10um; 间距Spacing;点 击 ’update‘以更新; offset: 设电源金属环位于pad和core的中间,即 选’Center in channel‘项,如下图:
Import design
1. 运行“encounter”命令启动软件SOC Encounter。
如图:
2. 菜单栏Design
Import Design, 打开后如下:
3. 点‘load’键选中之前保存的设置文件V1_X.conf,各项按上次保存
的路径加入相应的文件,加完后如下图:
4. 不同于3,或者直接给各项加入文件,具体如下:
(4)给’Advanced’中RC Extraction选项填入如下文件:
(5)给’Advanced‘中SI Analysis项填入如下噪声库.cdB文件:
上述各项填好后,点’save’将此次的设置保存成.conf文件,然
后点击’OK‘键即可导入设计,如下图:
Floorplan
点击菜单栏Floorplan
电源环的 具体参数 需根据设 计特点设 定。
• “Advanced” 选项中’Wire Group‘选择:’Use wire group‘, ‘Interleaving’, Number of bits: 本例中设为2, 即将电源地环分为 互相交叉的2条,具体形式可根据需要调节。如下图:
查找替换函数的使用方法
查找替换函数的使用方法查找替换函数是一种在计算机编程中经常用到的函数,它可以帮助程序员快速地查找并替换指定的字符串。
本文将介绍查找替换函数的使用方法,帮助读者更好地理解和使用这一重要的函数。
一、查找函数的使用方法查找函数可以帮助程序员快速地查找指定的字符串。
在大多数编程语言中,查找函数都是以“find”或“search”开头的,如Python 中的“find”函数、Java中的“indexOf”函数等。
这些函数通常需要传入两个参数:要查找的字符串和要查找的起始位置。
例如,在Python中,查找字符串“hello”在字符串“hello world”中出现的位置可以使用以下代码实现:```str = "hello world"index = str.find("hello")print(index)```该代码会输出“0”,表示“hello”在“hello world”中的起始位置为0。
如果要查找“hello”在字符串中的所有位置,可以使用循环遍历的方式:```str = "hello world, hello"start = 0while True:index = str.find("hello", start)if index == -1:breakprint(index)start = index + 1```该代码会输出“0”和“13”,表示“hello”在字符串中的两个位置分别为0和13。
二、替换函数的使用方法替换函数可以帮助程序员快速地替换指定的字符串。
在大多数编程语言中,替换函数都是以“replace”开头的,如Python中的“replace”函数、Java中的“replace”函数等。
这些函数通常需要传入两个参数:要替换的字符串和要替换成的字符串。
例如,在Python中,将字符串“hello world”中的“world”替换成“python”可以使用以下代码实现:```str = "hello world"new_str = str.replace("world", "python")print(new_str)```该代码会输出“hello python”,表示将字符串中的“world”替换成了“python”。
encounter用法及搭配
encounter用法及搭配Encounter用法及搭配面对事物,我们往往会有意想不到的反应,有时候会遇到挑战,有时候会遇到困难。
因此,我们需要准备,以便应对一切可能遇到的情况。
关于Encounter这个单词,让我们了解它的用法以及它常用的搭配:一、Encounter的定义和用法Encounter表示“遭遇,碰到”,是一个及物动词,而且通常只能用作被动,仅接触任何事物时才会使用,不能表示减少数量的含义。
例如:He encountered a lot of difficulties in the process of job hunting.他在找工作的过程中遇到了很多困难。
二、Encounter的搭配1、encounter withEncounter with表示“与(某人或某物)碰面,见面”,强调两个人之间发生了连接。
例如:We encountered with a strange man in the street.我们在街上遇到了一个怪人。
2、encounter difficulty/problem/challengeEncounter difficulty/problem/challenge表示“遇到困难/问题/挑战”,用于表示遭遇属性的不同困难。
例如:I encountered some difficulty in learning English.我在学习英语时遇到了一些困难。
3、encounter resistanceEncounter resistance表示“遇到抵抗”,常用来描述一个人或一个事情的反抗。
例如:She encountered a lot of resistance when she proposed the idea.当她提出这个想法时,遇到了许多阻力。
4、encounter danger/hazardEncounter danger/hazard表示“遇到危险/ hazard”,常用来表示危险或风险。
Encounter使用入门教程
Encounter使用入门教程本教程介绍一下自动布局布线工具Encounter的使用知识,开始以一个简单的十进制计数器版图的自动实现为例子,之后介绍包含block模块的复杂的版图自动实现。
在Designer Compiler使用入门教程中,笔者设计了一个十进制计数器,并经过Design Compiler对其进行综合后获得了门级综合网表文件以及约束文件,根据这两个文件,我们就可以使用SOC Encounter实现十进制计数器的物理版图设计了。
首先,我们要准备使用Encounter进行版图自动设计时所需要的数据:时序库文件:,,,物理库文件:,,门级网表文件:时序约束文件:IO位置放置文件:eset_n(top_reset),.clk(top_clk),.in_ena(top_in_ena),t(top_cnt),.carry _ena(top_carry_ena)); AD(clk),.C(top_clk));PDIDGZ PAD_RESET(.PAD(reset_n),.C(top_reset));PDIDGZ PAD_IN_ENA(.PAD(in_ena),.C(top_in_ena));(PDO02CDG PAD_CARRY_ENA(.I(top_carry_ena),.PAD(carry_ena));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_0(.I(top_cnt[0]),.PAD(cnt[0]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_1(.I(top_cnt[1]),.PAD(cnt[1]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_2(.I(top_cnt[2]),.PAD(cnt[2]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_3(.I(top_cnt[3]),.PAD(cnt[3]));endmodule说明:关于PAD如何例化,首先要查看厂家提供的工艺库中的关于PAD的verilog 文件,如本例子中使用tsmc18工艺库,描述PAD的verilog文件为973g,这个文件是PAD文件的verilog描述,包括输入输出的端口等信息。
encounter的用法 -回复
encounter的用法-回复Encounter的用法Encounter是一个多义词,可以表示遭遇、遇到、邂逅等含义,可以用作名词和动词。
在不同的语境中,encounter有不同的用法。
下面我们将逐步回答这个问题并探讨encounter的各种用法。
一、Encounter作为名词的用法Encounter作为名词时,可以表示遭遇、冲突或相遇。
下面是一些常见的用法:1. Positive encounter (积极的遭遇)Encounters can be positive experiences that leave a lasting impression. For example, meeting someone who inspires and motivates you can be considered a positive encounter. These encounters often have the potential to shape our thoughts, beliefs, and actions.2. Negative encounter (消极的遭遇)On the other hand, encounters can also be negative, such as when we confront difficulties or face opposition. These negativeencounters can be challenging, but they often provide opportunities for growth and development.3. Close encounter (亲密的遭遇)A close encounter refers to a situation in which someone comes into direct contact or proximity with something or someone. This can be used in various contexts, such as a close encounter with wildlife or a close encounter with danger.4. Chance encounter (偶然的遭遇)A chance encounter refers to a random or unexpected meeting with someone or something. These encounters often happen unexpectedly and can lead to meaningful connections or experiences.5. Cultural encounter (文化上的遭遇)A cultural encounter refers to an interaction or experience with a different culture or group of people. It can involve learning about and understanding different customs, traditions, and values.二、Encounter作为动词的用法Encounter作为动词时,表示遇到或经历某事。
Encounter使用入门教程
Encounter使用入门教程Encounter使用入门教程本教程介绍一下自动布局布线工具Encounter的使用知识,开始以一个简单的十进制计数器版图的自动实现为例子,之后介绍包含block模块的复杂的版图自动实现。
在Designer Compiler使用入门教程中,首先设计了一个十进制计数器,并经过Design Compiler对其进行综合后获得了门级综合网表文件counter.sv以及约束文件counter.sdc,根据这两个文件,我们就可以使用SOC Encounter实现十进制计数器的物理版图设计了。
首先,我们要准备使用Encounter进行版图自动设计时所需要的数据:时序库文件:fast.lib,slow.lib,tpz973gwc.lib,tpz973gbc.lib物理库文件:tsmc18_6lm_cic.lef,tpz973g_5lm_cic.lef,tsmc18_6lm_antenna_cic.l ef 门级网表文件:pad_counter.sv时序约束文件:pad_counter.sdcIO位置放置文件:pad_counter.io //在设计导入Encounter中指定PAD的放置位置文件,不是必须文件还有其它一些文件在后面用到时进行介绍。
一、数据准备1、网表中添加PAD、编写IO Assignment File这里,pad_counter.sv是加入PAD后综合得到的门级网表。
工程项目中设计制作完成后的芯片要进行封装,PAD就是芯片在封装时连接封装引线的地方。
一般信号的输入/输出PAD即I/O PAD要在综合前添加进入网表中,电源电压PAD可以在综合时添加也可以在综合后添加。
接下来就先介绍一下如何在网表中加入PAD,其实给网表加入PAD就是一般的module例化,和Verilog中一般的module模块例化是一样的。
这里介绍在综合时给设计中加入I/O PAD。
十进制计数器的Verilog源程序如下:moduleCnt10(reset_n,clk,in_ena,cnt,carry_ena);input clk;input reset_n;input in_ena;output [3:0] cnt;output carry_ena;reg [3:0] cnt;reg carry_ena;always @(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)beginif(!reset_n)cnt<=4'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt==4'd10)cnt<=4'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt<4'd10)cnt<=cnt+1'b1;endalways @(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)beginif(!reset_n)carry_ena<=1'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt==4'd10)carry_ena<=1'b1;elsecarry_ena<=1'b0;endendmodule加入PAD后的十进制计数器Verilog网表如下:module Cnt10_PAD(reset_n,clk,in_ena,cnt,carry_ena); //顶层模块input reset_n;input clk;input in_ena;output [3:0] cnt;output carry_ena;wire top_clk,top_reset,top_in_ena;wire top_carry_ena;wire [3:0] top_cnt;Cnt10CNT10(.reset_n(top_reset),.clk(top_clk),.in_ena(top_in_ena),.c nt(top_cnt),.carry_ena (top_carry_ena)); //这里是对Cnt10 module 的例化//下面是I/O PAD module的例化PDIDGZ PAD_CLK(.PAD(clk),.C(top_clk));PDIDGZ PAD_RESET(.PAD(reset_n),.C(top_reset));PDIDGZ PAD_IN_ENA(.PAD(in_ena),.C(top_in_ena));PDO02CDGPAD_CARRY_ENA(.I(top_carry_ena),.PAD(carry_ena));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_0(.I(top_cnt[0]),.PAD(cnt[0]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_1(.I(top_cnt[1]),.PAD(cnt[1]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_2(.I(top_cnt[2]),.PAD(cnt[2]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_3(.I(top_cnt[3]),.PAD(cnt[3]));endmodule说明:关于PAD如何例化,首先要查看厂家提供的工艺库中的关于PAD的verilog 文件,如本例子中使用tsmc18工艺库,描述PAD 的verilog文件为tpz973g.v,这个文件是PAD文件的verilog描述,包括输入输出的端口等信息。
encounter的用法
1111
encounter可以用作名词和动词,具体用法如下:
- 用作及物动词时,后面可接名词或代词。
例如:We encountered every kind of difficulty. 我们遇到了各种困难。
On her way home she encountered an old friend. 在回家的路上,她偶遇一个老朋友。
- 用作名词时,表示(意外、突然或暴力的)相遇,邂逅,遭遇,冲突,(体育)比赛,交锋。
例如:I had a frightening encounter with a poisonous snake. 我曾意外地遇到过一条毒蛇,吓得我要命。
A fortunate encounter brought the two friends together after a long separation. 两位老朋友长期分离这次才有幸相遇。
此外,encounter还可以与其他词汇搭配组成短语,如encounter with,表示“偶然遇见,偶然碰到(朋友等);遭逢(敌人等);遭遇(危险等);与…冲突”等含义。
concat使用方式
concat使用方式
摘要:
1.介绍concat 函数
2.concat 函数的使用方法
3.实例演示
正文:
【介绍concat 函数】
concat 函数是Python 中用于连接两个或多个字符串的函数,返回一个新的字符串,该字符串是其参数字符串的连接。
它是Python 字符串操作中常用的函数之一。
【concat 函数的使用方法】
concat 函数的使用方法非常简单,只需将需要连接的字符串作为参数传递给函数即可。
需要注意的是,如果有任意一个参数是None,那么concat 函数将返回None。
【实例演示】
我们可以通过以下实例来演示concat 函数的使用:
```python
str1 = "你好,"
str2 = "世界!"
result = concat(str1, str2)
print(result) # 输出:"你好,世界!"
```
在这个例子中,我们使用concat 函数将字符串str1 和str2 连接起来,得到了新的字符串"你好,世界!"。
collection.intersection 用法 -回复
collection.intersection 用法-回复首先,让我们来探讨一下Python编程语言中的集合交集操作:collection.intersection。
集合是Python中的一种数据类型,它是由不重复元素组成的无序集。
而集合交集操作是指返回两个或更多集合中共同存在的元素。
在Python中,我们使用set对象来表示集合。
set对象中的元素是唯一且无序的,这意味着一个集合中不会包含重复元素。
为了使用集合交集操作,我们可以使用set类型的intersection()方法。
现在,让我们来看一个示例来更好地理解集合交集操作的用法。
假设我们有两个整数集合A和B,它们分别包含如下元素:A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}我们想要找到A和B集合中共同存在的元素。
在Python中,我们可以使用intersection()方法来实现这个目标。
首先,我们需要将集合A和B转换为set对象:pythonA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}set_A = set(A)set_B = set(B)然后,我们可以使用intersection()方法来找到集合A和B的交集:pythonintersection_set = set_A.intersection(set_B)现在,intersection_set中将包含A和B的交集元素。
我们可以使用print语句来输出结果:pythonprint(intersection_set)输出结果将为:{4, 5}这表明集合A和B中的共同元素是4和5。
除了以上的例子,我们还可以使用集合交集操作来解决其他实际问题。
例如,假设我们要找到两个人之间共同喜欢的电影。
我们可以将每个人喜欢的电影作为一个集合,并使用intersection()方法来找到共同的电影。
让我们看一个具体的例子,假设有两个人的电影喜好如下:person1_movies = {"The Shawshank Redemption", "The Godfather", "Pulp Fiction", "Inception"}person2_movies = {"The Godfather", "Pulp Fiction", "The Dark Knight", "Fight Club"}我们想要找到person1和person2共同喜欢的电影。
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Encounter使用入门教程本教程介绍一下自动布局布线工具Encounter的使用知识,开始以一个简单的十进制计数器版图的自动实现为例子,之后介绍包含block模块的复杂的版图自动实现。
在Designer Compiler使用入门教程中,笔者设计了一个十进制计数器,并经过Design Compiler对其进行综合后获得了门级综合网表文件counter.sv 以及约束文件counter.sdc,根据这两个文件,我们就可以使用SOC Encounter 实现十进制计数器的物理版图设计了。
首先,我们要准备使用Encounter进行版图自动设计时所需要的数据:时序库文件:fast.lib,slow.lib,tpz973gwc.lib,tpz973gbc.lib物理库文件:tsmc18_6lm_cic.lef,tpz973g_5lm_cic.lef,tsmc18_6lm_antenna_cic.lef 门级网表文件:pad_counter.sv时序约束文件:pad_counter.sdcIO位置放置文件:pad_counter.io //在设计导入Encounter中指定PAD的放置位置文件,不是必须文件还有其它一些文件在后面用到时进行介绍。
一、网表中添加PAD、编写IO Assignment File这里,pad_counter.sv是加入PAD后综合得到的门级网表。
工程项目中设计制作完成后的芯片要进行封装,PAD就是芯片在封装时连接封装引线的地方。
一般信号输入/输出PAD即I/O PAD要在综合前添加进入网表中,电源电压PAD可以在综合时添加也可以在综合后添加。
接下来就先介绍一下如何在网表中加入PAD,其实给网表加入PAD就是一般的module例化,和Verilog中一般的module 模块例化是一样的。
这里介绍在综合时给设计中加入I/O PAD。
十进制计数器的Verilog源程序如下:module Cnt10(reset_n,clk,in_ena,cnt,carry_ena);input clk;input reset_n;input in_ena;output [3:0] cnt;output carry_ena;reg [3:0] cnt;reg carry_ena;always @(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)beginif(!reset_n)cnt<=4'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt==4'd10)cnt<=4'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt<4'd10)cnt<=cnt+1'b1;endalways @(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)beginif(!reset_n)carry_ena<=1'b0;else if(in_ena && cnt==4'd10)carry_ena<=1'b1;elsecarry_ena<=1'b0;endendmodule加入PAD后的十进制计数器Verilog网表如下:module Cnt10_PAD(reset_n,clk,in_ena,cnt,carry_ena); //顶层模块input reset_n;input clk;input in_ena;output [3:0] cnt;output carry_ena;wire top_clk,top_reset,top_in_ena;wire top_carry_ena;wire [3:0] top_cnt;Cnt10CNT10(.reset_n(top_reset),.clk(top_clk),.in_ena(top_in_ena),.cnt(top_cnt),.carry_ena (top_carry_ena)); //这里是对Cnt10 module的例化//下面是I/O PAD module的例化PDIDGZ PAD_CLK(.PAD(clk),.C(top_clk));PDIDGZ PAD_RESET(.PAD(reset_n),.C(top_reset));PDIDGZ PAD_IN_ENA(.PAD(in_ena),.C(top_in_ena));PDO02CDG PAD_CARRY_ENA(.I(top_carry_ena),.PAD(carry_ena));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_0(.I(top_cnt[0]),.PAD(cnt[0]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_1(.I(top_cnt[1]),.PAD(cnt[1]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_2(.I(top_cnt[2]),.PAD(cnt[2]));PDO02CDG PAD_CNT_3(.I(top_cnt[3]),.PAD(cnt[3]));endmodule说明:关于PAD如何例化,首先要查看厂家提供的工艺库中的关于PAD的verilog 文件,如本例子中使用tsmc18工艺库,描述PAD的verilog文件为tpz973g.v,这个文件是PAD文件的verilog描述,包括输入输出的端口等信息。
编写好加入PAD的十进制计数器网表pad_conter.v后,从新使用DC对其进行综合,关于综合这里就不做介绍了,下面把新的综合脚本给出,由于加入了PAD,所以在设计约束文件时,输入驱动和输出负载约束就不需要了,考虑到后面布局布线后还要进行LVS检查,在设计约束中加入了大小写敏感设置,详细的综合脚本pad_run.con内容如下:# Set the current_design #read_verilog {counter_pad.v counter.v}current_design Cnt10_PADlinkset_operating_conditions -max slow -max_library slow -min fast -min_library fast set_wire_load_mode enclosedset_wire_load_model -name tsmc18_wl10 -library slowset_local_link_library {slow.db fast.db}set_max_area 0set_max_fanout 5 [get_ports reset_n]set_max_fanout 4 [get_ports clk]set_max_fanout 4 [get_ports in_ena]set_max_transition 0.3 [get_ports reset_n]set_max_transition 0.3 [get_ports clk]set_max_transition 0.5 [get_ports in_ena]create_clock [get_ports clk] -period 10 -waveform {0 5}set_clock_latency 1 [get_clocks clk]set_clock_latency -source 1 [get_clocks clk]set_clock_uncertainty -setup 0.5 [get_clocks clk]set_clock_uncertainty -hold 0.4 [get_clocks clk]set_dont_touch_network [get_clocks clk]set_clock_transition -fall 0.3 [get_clocks clk]set_clock_transition -rise 0.3 [get_clocks clk]set_input_delay -clock clk -max 3 [get_ports in_ena]set_output_delay -clock clk -max 4 [get_ports cnt]set_output_delay -clock clk -min 0.5 [get_ports cnt]set_output_delay -clock clk -max 4 [get_ports carry_ena]set_output_delay -clock clk -min 0.5 [get_ports carry_ena]compilereport_timing -delay max > ./reports/pad_setup_rt.rptreport_timing -delay min > ./reports/pad_hold_rt.rptreport_constraint -verbose > ./reports/pad_rc.rptreport_qor > ./reports/pad_rq.rptremove_unconnected_ports -blast_buses [get_cells -hierarchical *]set bus_inference_style {%s[%d]}set bus_naming_style {%s[%d]}set hdlout_internal_busses truechange_names -hierarchy -rule verilogdefine_name_rules name_rule -allowed {a-z A-Z 0-9 _} -max_length 255 -type cell define_name_rules name_rule -allowed {a-z A-Z 0-9 _[]} -max_length 255 -type net define_name_rules name_rule -map {{"\\*cell\\*" "cell"}}define_name_rules name_rule -case_insensitivechange_names -hierarchy -rules name_rulewrite -format verilog -hier -o ./outputs/pad_counter.svwrite -format ddc -hier -o ./outputs/pad_counter.ddcwrite_sdc ./outputs/pad_counter.sdcwrite_sdf ./outputs/pad_counter.sdf设置好DC的启动文件.synopsys_dc.setup后,启动DC,在DC的命令行输入处运行命令:design_vision-xg-t> source pad_run.con等待DC完成综合后就可以在指定的目录中看到输出文件pad_counter.sv、pad_counter.sdc等文件了。