Comparative learning of English and Chinese color words 中英 英汉颜色词对比 英文 英语
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pitch-black (漆黑),sky-blue (天蓝)等,英汉实基合用式颜色词都可作名词 和形容词:
1) My favorite color is sapphire-blue. 我最喜欢的颜色是宝石蓝。 2) He was in a white shirt and a rose-red tie. 他穿着白衬衫,打着玫瑰红的领带。
颜色程度不同时,也可在基本颜色词前面加上深、浅、暗、淡、惨、 大、老、嫩、亮、昏、焦、通、殷、
艳等词,如:深蓝、浅灰、暗紫、淡绿、惨白、大红、老绿、嫩绿、 亮紫、昏黄、焦黑、通红、殷红、艳 红等。
2)英语颜色词有个独特的用法,即通过语法手段,也就是加后缀-ish, 来表达颜色的浅淡,基本颜色 词加上了这个后缀可被译作 “微带……色”,如: 5) Greyish wisps of kitchen smoke were curling up from the house-top. 淡青色的炊烟正从屋顶飘起。 6) He is a big man with brownish beard. 他身材高大,胡须浅棕色。
Complements
(1)英汉基本颜色词表达明暗浓淡的形式比较
英汉基本颜色词都需用词汇手段的辅助来表达比较复杂的颜色概念, 如浓淡明暗,英语的具体做法是 在颜色词前冠以 deep,dark,rich 等词,表示某一颜色的深浓;light pale 等词,表示某一颜色的浅淡;bright, vivid ,fresh 等词,表示某一颜色的鲜明;dull, dirty, murky, darkling 等词,表示某一颜色的阴暗。汉语表达
补充:sand 沙子 – sandish 沙的,沙色的 baby,child 小孩 –babyish,childish 幼稚的
(3)汉语中有 “ABB”式颜色词
这类颜色词是在基本颜色词后面加上表示程度、状态的词构成, 如:红扑扑、红润润、红彤彤、红艳艳、白皑皑、白花花、白茫茫、白 生生、绿盈盈、绿油油、翠生生、 黄橙橙、金灿灿、粉盈盈、蓝晶晶、蓝汪汪、青幽幽、灰蒙蒙、灰溜溜、 黑洞洞、黑漆漆、黑压压等,这 类颜色词属汉语独有,显示出汉语在表达颜色方面形式灵活,生动形象 的特点: 7) There are bright red azaleas here and there. 到处是红艳艳的杜 鹃花。
等
4 实物颜色词的国俗语义 民族文化色彩除体现在 “红”、“白”、“黄”等基本颜色词中 外,还体现在实物颜色词中。我们中国人 喜欢用 “米色”表示一种淡黄色,因为米是我们的主食,而英国人 则以 cream (奶油色)或 butter-yellow (黄油色)来表达这一颜色,因为奶油和黄油是他们的普通食物。 英国人还常用 salmon (三文鱼)作实物 颜色词,来表示一种橙红色,lobster (大龙虾)也可作实物 颜色词,表示一种鲜红色,中国人不大食用这 两种动物,因此,汉语中就没有这两种实物颜色词。
Definitions & Samples
Basic color words
基本颜色词
基本颜色词指那些本 来就用以表达事物色 彩的颜色词。
Color words with colors of objects 实物颜色词
Color words In shades 色差颜色词
Definitions
实物颜色词指的是用 色差颜色词是指来自 自然界物体的本 太阳的自然光或 色来表示颜色的词。 白光照射在各种颜色 上有深浅明暗之分, 英语中用“shade” 来表示这类颜色的细 微色差。 金黄: gold /golden, 银白: silver, 橙黄: orange, 铅灰: lead - gray, 桔红: orange - red, 桃红:peach - p ink, 栗色: chestnut brown (1)表深浓:deep /dark; (2)表浅淡: light/pale; (3)表鲜明: bright/ rich /vivid。
1.“红”最主要的象征意义是喜庆、顺利、成功,受重视或欢迎。 (1) red letter day 纪念日,喜庆的日子 (2)to paint the town red 大肆狂欢 (3) The visiting princess was treated to the red carpet in Rome. 访问中的公主在罗马受到隆重接待。
4) He was dressed in a dark coffee-colored suit. 他穿着一身深咖啡色的西装。
3 英语实物颜色词可独立使用
英语实物颜色词可独立使用是英语颜色词与汉语颜色词的一 大不同之处,实物颜色形容词在英文中较
为常见,如:cherry lips (鲜红的嘴唇),hazel eyes (淡褐色的眼睛),raven hair (漆黑的头发),lilac gown (淡紫色长外衣),mulberry suit (深紫色套装), chestnut curls (褐色卷发),emerald meadow (碧绿的草地)
Samples
赤(红) : red, 橙:orange, 黄: yellow, 绿: green, 青: indigo ( deep blue) , 蓝: blue, 紫: purple ( violet)
Basic color words 基本颜色词
(1)基本颜色词作形容词 在英汉两种语言中基本颜色词作形容词都是普遍现象,如:red dates (红枣),red scarf (红领巾),white collar (白领), blue collar (蓝领)等。
8) The fresh green wheat seedlings are really beautiful. 绿油油的 麦苗真美。
Red:
Red is a charming color in our life. People who like red always feel active and energetic, so many people choose red as their favorite color. Both in China and western countries, red is the color about happiness, enthusiasm celebration and joy, just like ‘red-letter days’ to describe the festive days. In tradition Chinese wedding, bridegroom and bride always wear red in the happiest time of their life. But red also represents violence and danger in negative aspects. Red is the color of blood and some people do not like red. In some signs, they also use red to inform people danger or trouble or forbid people doing something. Because of its blood, red may be used as the murder, such as ’have red hands’(犯杀人 罪). We also use red at the time when we talk about the loss of the finance, such as ‘in the red’(负债,赤字). However, in some African areas, they use red in the funeral. And if you wear red to visit someone, they will think you do not want to go.
(祖母绿),sapphire-blue (宝石蓝),jade-green (翠绿),apricot-yellow (杏黄),canary-yellow (金丝雀黄),
grass-green (草绿),blood-red (血红 ),flesh-pink (肉粉),orange-red (橘红),chestnut-brown (栗棕),
(咖啡色),brick-colored (砖色),flesh-colored (肉色),vegetablecolored (菜色),rust-colored (铁锈色),
agate-colored (玛瑙色),ivory-colored (象牙色)等,实词加色式颜色词 在句中只能作形容词:
3) On the table stood a vase of agate-colored glass. 桌上摆着一个玛瑙色的玻 璃花瓶。
2 实词加色式颜色词 实词加色式颜色词由 “实物颜色词+colored (或 hued, tinted )”构成,在 英汉两种语言中也都是常见 的表达颜色的形式,如:tea-colored (茶色),bronze-colored (古铜色), peach-colored (桃色),coffee-colored
2) I don’t like the grey of the sky on a rainy day. 我不喜 欢雨天天空的灰色。
(3)基本颜色词作动词
所有汉语中的颜色词和部分英语颜色词可直接用作动词, 如: 3) Sorrow has greyed his head. 他因悲伤头发 白了。 4) The leaves yellowed slowly. 树叶渐渐地黄了。 英语基本颜色词作动词时,有时需要有词尾变化,如: redden,blacken,whiten 等。
Color words with colors of objects 实物颜色词
1 实基合用式颜色词
实基合用式颜色词是 “实物颜色词+基本颜色词”构成,在英汉两种语言中实 基合用式都是常见的表达颜色的形式,如:rose-red (玫瑰红),silver-grey(银 灰),wax-yellow (蜡黄),milk-white (乳白),emerald-green
(2)基本颜色词作名词
在英语和汉语中颜色词还都可以作名词,如: 1) Our plane touched down and our eyes were immediately filled with the rich green that covers the whole earth. 我们的飞机开始降落,覆盖整个地球的浓绿色瞬时映入我们的眼 帘。
Class : XX Group: XX Members: XX,XX,XX Speaker : XX
There are a lot of color words in both English and Chinese. The color words in both English and Chinese can be divided into 3 parts: basic color words (基本颜色 词) , color words with colors of objects(实物颜色词) , and color words in shades(色 差颜色词)。 In my presentation the formation(形态结构), syntactic functions(句法功能) and characteristics(表达形式) of English and Chinese color words have been analytically studied, and some differences and similarities of English and Chinese color words have been summed up.