特殊类型的成语—明喻成语

• 内部关系 • 重复 表过程的动词或副词 by and by more and more • 并列 同义词或相近词的连用 far and wide few and far between • 连接 意义相关的词构成 beam and scale beer and skittles • 对立 反义词或意义相反的词 • Right and left up and down first and last（用 极端代整体） wax and wane • 修饰 一个词是另一个词的修饰语 cups and gold =golden cups death and honor
成对词（ twin words ）
概念：英语中有一种成Hale Waihona Puke Baidu，两个词由and 连接起来，表示一个完整的概念， 叫做成对词。
• （一）成对词的表层结构 • 基本结构：两个词由and连接 • 两个词可以是名词：by leaps and bounds
动词：crash and burn 形容词: black and blue 副词：once and away 介词：save and except 连接词: as and when 不同词类： living and dead
同一个形容词与不同的喻体构成不同的成语 意义相近时可替换使用 as black as ink as black as coal 意义大有出入时，只能用于不同的场合 as hot as fire 形容炽热的程度 as hot as pepper 形容味道之辣 不同的场合，意义不同 as good as new 跟新的一模一样 完好如初
二、语言特点
1.有些明喻成语在汉语和英语中很相似 as firm as a rock 坚如磐石 as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 2.具有鲜明的名族性 力大如牛 as strong as a horse 3.一些英语谚语中引喻的人是西方人才熟悉的 as wise as Solomon
4.比喻独到，富有诗意。 as old as the hills as fresh as a rose 5.运用了头韵法，具有音韵美，朗朗上口，易 于记忆，有利流传。 as green as a grass as cool as a cucumber 同样的喻体可以比喻不同的意义。 fight like cats and dogs rain cats and dogs
• 翻译时，最理想的办法是用汉语中相对等 的成语，若没有，则直译。 white as snow 雪白 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛 as proud as a peacock 像孔雀一样骄傲 若直译成汉语后不能理解，则说成“非（极 其）+形容词（副词）”，或用符合汉语习 惯的其他词语。 as cool as a cucumber 极其镇静、泰然自若
• 动物是经常出现的喻体。同种这样子可以 用不同的动物来比喻。 as greedy as a dog as greedy as a wolf • 也可以用同种动物比喻不同的样子。 as healthy as a horse as strong as a horse as hungry as a horse
特殊类型的成语—明喻成语
汉语：胆小如鼠 、气壮如牛 血红、漆黑 英语：由as或like引导的喻体 as busy as bee as happy as a clam (at high tide) grow like a weed
明喻成语既有字面意义的用法，又有比喻 的用法 as clean as a whistle 干干净净的 清白无辜的