英语句子种类与类型
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English Grammar
Sentences
句子
大家好
1
学习目标
1. 了解句子的种类。 2. 掌握什么是简单句。 3. 掌握各种简单句的结构与用法。
大家好
2
句子在结构上分为三类：
（一个主谓结构） 简单句 （and、but、so等） 并列句 （主句和从句） 复合句
大家好
3
1. I like apples.
对主语的修饰语提问
（2）对其他部分提问： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
The apple is on the table.
Where is the apple?
My books are on the table. Where are your books?
大家好
23
回答不能用yes 或no，而应根据实际情况回答，可以 用完整句子来回答，也可根据选项部分用一个短语来回答。
Red. 或 White.
大家好
24
3、祈使句
表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形开头。
1. Let me get it. 2. Spell it. 3. Come and show us.
大家好
25
祈使句的否定
• 一般来说，在句首加Don't
① 当祈使句表示邀请或建议(Let’s…) 时，则在Let’s 与 do之间加not。
1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为一般疑问句） Can you use this dictionary or that pen?
2. Her mother is a teacher.（改为一般疑问句） Is her mother a teacher.
3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为一般疑问句）
Does he go to school at seven in the morning.
大家好
19
一般疑问句的回答
1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，用be动词来回答。
Is Mary your sister?
Yes, she is? No, she isn't.
2. 含有情态动词(can\must...)的一般疑问句，用情态动词来
回答。 Can I come in?
Yes, you can? No, you can't.
3. 含有实义动词(have\like...)的一般疑问句，用助动词do或
does来回答。
They are in the classroom. Are they in the classroom?
2. 含有情态动词(can\must...)的一般疑问句，把情态动词调 到句首。
He can play football.
Can he play football?
3. 含有实义动词(have\like...)的一般疑问句，提取助动词调
大家好
22
特殊疑问句的结构
（1）对主语或主语的修饰语提问，用特殊疑问词代替 提问内容。
对主语提问
The apple is on the table.
What is on the table?
My books are on the table. Whose books are on the table?
2. Is this your ruler? No, D . It's hers.
A. it is
B. this isn't
C. this is
D. it isn't
3. Are those Tom and Jim? Yes, A . A. they are B. those are C. they aren't D. those aren't.
大家好
6
1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法。
肯定句和否定句。
肯定句如何变为否定句？
大家好
7
肯定句 变 否定句
• 先观察句子中有没有be (am\ is \ are) 动词. 如果有，在be动词后面加not.
• Tom and Jim are friends. Tom and Jim are not friends.
2、结构：
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
大家好
27
就近 注意：there be 句型的
原则
当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟 它最近的那个名词一致。
如：① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in our
• I like music.
I don't like music. • He likes music.
He doesn't like music.
大家好
10
肯定句 变 否定句
4. 如果句子中有some, 要改为any. 如果句子中有and, 要改为or.
• I can sing and dance. I can not sing or dance.
2. Her mother isn't a teacher.（改为肯定句） Her mother is a teacher.
3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为否定句）
He doesn't go to school at seven in the morning.
到句首，实义动词用原形。
Amy speaks English.
Does Amy speak English?
大家好
17
一般疑问句的改写 二改
1. 第一人称改成第二人称。即：I\we 改成you 2. 句中some 改为 any ; and 改为 or。
三问号 最后加“？”
大家好
18
Exercise 按要求改写句子
classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
大家好
28
结束
大家好
29
大家好
13
2、疑问句 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句
大家好
14
1）一般疑问句
是疑问句的一种。 它是以be 动词、情态动词、助动词开头，用yes或no 来回答的句子。
大家好
15
一般疑问句的改写
一调，二改，三问号
大家好
16
一般疑问句的改写 一调
1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，通常是把be动词调到句首。
大家好
8
肯定句 变 否定句
2. 观察句子中有没有情态动词（can\must等）. 如果有，在情态动词后面加not.
• I can play soccer. I can not play soccer.
大家好
9
肯定句 变 否定句
3. 观察句子中有没有实义动词.
如果有，在实义动词的基础上提取助动词don't或doesn't, 实义动词变原形.
2. We go to the same school
and we love soocer.
3. The teacher says it is useful.
宾语从句
A. 并列句 B. 简单句 C. 复合句
大家好
4
Simple Sentences 简单句
大家好
5
I、简单句（按交际用途分）
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、 感叹句、there be存在句
3）选择疑问句
(1)以一般疑问句为基础
Can you sing or dance?
I can sing. 或 I can dance.
Sing. 或 Dance.
(2)以特殊疑问句为基础
What color do you like, red or white?
I like red. 或 I like white.
1. Let's get it. 2. Spell it. 3. Come and show us.
Let's not get it. Don't spell it. Don't come and show us.
大家好
源自文库
26
4、 THERE-BE存在句
一、there be 句型
1、 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
4. Are you Helen?
A.
A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, you are. C. Yes, she is. D. Yes, he is.
大家好
21
2）特殊疑问句
是疑问句的一种。 它是特殊疑问who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how 等开头的句子。
Does he like English?
Yes, he does? No, he doesn't.
大家好
20
答语的主语要看问句的主语 Exercise 易错题
1.
your name Black?
A. Are; it is B. Are; I am
Yes,
C.
C. Is; it is
D. Is; it isn't
• He has some interesting stories. He doesn't have any interesting stories.
大家好
11
肯定句如何变为否定句？
1. be 2. 情态动词 3. 实义动词 4. some 和 and
大家好
12
Exercise 按要求改写句子
1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为否定句） You can't use this dictionary or that pen.
Sentences
句子
大家好
1
学习目标
1. 了解句子的种类。 2. 掌握什么是简单句。 3. 掌握各种简单句的结构与用法。
大家好
2
句子在结构上分为三类：
（一个主谓结构） 简单句 （and、but、so等） 并列句 （主句和从句） 复合句
大家好
3
1. I like apples.
对主语的修饰语提问
（2）对其他部分提问： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
The apple is on the table.
Where is the apple?
My books are on the table. Where are your books?
大家好
23
回答不能用yes 或no，而应根据实际情况回答，可以 用完整句子来回答，也可根据选项部分用一个短语来回答。
Red. 或 White.
大家好
24
3、祈使句
表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形开头。
1. Let me get it. 2. Spell it. 3. Come and show us.
大家好
25
祈使句的否定
• 一般来说，在句首加Don't
① 当祈使句表示邀请或建议(Let’s…) 时，则在Let’s 与 do之间加not。
1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为一般疑问句） Can you use this dictionary or that pen?
2. Her mother is a teacher.（改为一般疑问句） Is her mother a teacher.
3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为一般疑问句）
Does he go to school at seven in the morning.
大家好
19
一般疑问句的回答
1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，用be动词来回答。
Is Mary your sister?
Yes, she is? No, she isn't.
2. 含有情态动词(can\must...)的一般疑问句，用情态动词来
回答。 Can I come in?
Yes, you can? No, you can't.
3. 含有实义动词(have\like...)的一般疑问句，用助动词do或
does来回答。
They are in the classroom. Are they in the classroom?
2. 含有情态动词(can\must...)的一般疑问句，把情态动词调 到句首。
He can play football.
Can he play football?
3. 含有实义动词(have\like...)的一般疑问句，提取助动词调
大家好
22
特殊疑问句的结构
（1）对主语或主语的修饰语提问，用特殊疑问词代替 提问内容。
对主语提问
The apple is on the table.
What is on the table?
My books are on the table. Whose books are on the table?
2. Is this your ruler? No, D . It's hers.
A. it is
B. this isn't
C. this is
D. it isn't
3. Are those Tom and Jim? Yes, A . A. they are B. those are C. they aren't D. those aren't.
大家好
6
1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法。
肯定句和否定句。
肯定句如何变为否定句？
大家好
7
肯定句 变 否定句
• 先观察句子中有没有be (am\ is \ are) 动词. 如果有，在be动词后面加not.
• Tom and Jim are friends. Tom and Jim are not friends.
2、结构：
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
大家好
27
就近 注意：there be 句型的
原则
当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟 它最近的那个名词一致。
如：① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in our
• I like music.
I don't like music. • He likes music.
He doesn't like music.
大家好
10
肯定句 变 否定句
4. 如果句子中有some, 要改为any. 如果句子中有and, 要改为or.
• I can sing and dance. I can not sing or dance.
2. Her mother isn't a teacher.（改为肯定句） Her mother is a teacher.
3. He goes to school at seven in the morning.（改为否定句）
He doesn't go to school at seven in the morning.
到句首，实义动词用原形。
Amy speaks English.
Does Amy speak English?
大家好
17
一般疑问句的改写 二改
1. 第一人称改成第二人称。即：I\we 改成you 2. 句中some 改为 any ; and 改为 or。
三问号 最后加“？”
大家好
18
Exercise 按要求改写句子
classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
大家好
28
结束
大家好
29
大家好
13
2、疑问句 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句
大家好
14
1）一般疑问句
是疑问句的一种。 它是以be 动词、情态动词、助动词开头，用yes或no 来回答的句子。
大家好
15
一般疑问句的改写
一调，二改，三问号
大家好
16
一般疑问句的改写 一调
1. 含有be动词的一般疑问句，通常是把be动词调到句首。
大家好
8
肯定句 变 否定句
2. 观察句子中有没有情态动词（can\must等）. 如果有，在情态动词后面加not.
• I can play soccer. I can not play soccer.
大家好
9
肯定句 变 否定句
3. 观察句子中有没有实义动词.
如果有，在实义动词的基础上提取助动词don't或doesn't, 实义动词变原形.
2. We go to the same school
and we love soocer.
3. The teacher says it is useful.
宾语从句
A. 并列句 B. 简单句 C. 复合句
大家好
4
Simple Sentences 简单句
大家好
5
I、简单句（按交际用途分）
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、 感叹句、there be存在句
3）选择疑问句
(1)以一般疑问句为基础
Can you sing or dance?
I can sing. 或 I can dance.
Sing. 或 Dance.
(2)以特殊疑问句为基础
What color do you like, red or white?
I like red. 或 I like white.
1. Let's get it. 2. Spell it. 3. Come and show us.
Let's not get it. Don't spell it. Don't come and show us.
大家好
源自文库
26
4、 THERE-BE存在句
一、there be 句型
1、 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
4. Are you Helen?
A.
A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, you are. C. Yes, she is. D. Yes, he is.
大家好
21
2）特殊疑问句
是疑问句的一种。 它是特殊疑问who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how 等开头的句子。
Does he like English?
Yes, he does? No, he doesn't.
大家好
20
答语的主语要看问句的主语 Exercise 易错题
1.
your name Black?
A. Are; it is B. Are; I am
Yes,
C.
C. Is; it is
D. Is; it isn't
• He has some interesting stories. He doesn't have any interesting stories.
大家好
11
肯定句如何变为否定句？
1. be 2. 情态动词 3. 实义动词 4. some 和 and
大家好
12
Exercise 按要求改写句子
1. You can use this dictionary and that pen.（改为否定句） You can't use this dictionary or that pen.