跨文化交际中的肢体语言_On_Body_Language_in_Intercultural_Communication
跨文化交际中的肢体语言_On_Body_Language_in_Intercultural_Communication
跨文化交际中的肢体语言On Body Language in Intercultural Communication摘要：肢体语言与学外语一样，都是文化的一部分。
除一些世界公认的肢体语言外，不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言。
跨文化交际时，相同的肢体语言形式可能具有完全不同的意义。
本文简单对比中美肢体语言的差别，并介绍了一些国外常用的肢体语言，以此来说明在学习外语的同时，多了解一些国外常用的肢体语言是会有帮助作用的。
关键词：肢体语言;跨文化交际;外语学习Abstract :Body language，like verbal language, is also a part of culture .Different culture shave different body languages except some world known ones. And in intercultural communication, the same body language may mean different things. This paper，on the basis of some examples，emphasizes the significance of body languages in intercultural communication by comparing the body languages in the United States and China, and briefly introducing some body languages often used in foreign countries. The author reaches the conclusion that while learning foreign languages, it is also important as well to know some body languages in foreign countries.Key words: body language; intercultural communication; foreign languages earning肢体语言(body language)也称体态语言，是人类借助和利用自己的面部表情、手势动作、身体姿态的变化来表达和传递思想感情的方式。
跨文化交际学期论文--中美肢体语言异同的对比
The Comparison of Different Body Languages between American and ChinaWritten by Weng Pei Ji(2010212747)From College of Law,Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsJune 2012Outline1. Introduction2. Classifications of body language2.1 facial expression and eye language2.2 gestures2.3 Postures3. Similarities of body language in Chinese and American culture3.1 facial expressions3.2 Sign language3.3 Postures4. Differences of body language in Chinese and American culture4.1 Eye language and facial expressions4. 2 gestures4. 3 Postures5. ConclusionReference摘要：交流不是只有口语，还可以通过肢体语言。
肢体语言也可以表达情感，交流思想和交换信息。
然而，在过去很久时间里，人们只注重口语的重要性而忽略了肢体语言和它的独一性。
本文致力于中美肢体语言的对比，来减少交流中的麻烦，进行更有效的交际。
Abstract : The communication between people can not only through the spoken language, but also through the body language. As spoken language, body language can express feelings, exchange ideas and communicate informations. However, in a long past time, people only pay attention to the importance of the spoken language, and ignore body language and it’s unique cultural connotation. This paper focus on the comparison of different and similar body language between China and American so that people can reduce the communication obstacles and promote efficient communication.Keywords :body language , cultural difference , China , American, communications1. IntroductionBody language is a means to use the body movements or actions to replace or assist the sound, oral language, or other means of communication to communicate with others. A nd through people’s body language we can get some information about their own culture. Psychologists believed that the information delivered by a person’s appearance and actions is much more than t hat of a person’s words.Albert Mebrabian, after a long-time study, concluded that body language can help verbal-express achieve more effective communication. Body language can reveal people’s hidden mind and emotion, Bird Whistell who is the leader in study of body language in the west. He believes that among all means of expressing emotion and attitude, more than sixty percent is finished by facial expression, gestures, postures.2. Classifications of body languagePsychologists believe that body language includes the following aspects:2.1 facial expression and eye languageThe face has been called an ”organ of emotion”. Compare with words, facial expression is a natural way to reveal person’s emotion. The face is the most simple and important broadcaster of emotion. For example , Eye behavior is an important part of facial expression. People often say that eyes are the window of soul, because eyes can give us a lot of real information. We can know whether people like us or not from the way they look at us .And through one’s eyes we can know whether the pay attention to our topics or not.2.2 gesturesEverybody uses their hands to communicate with other people .People can convey ideas, information and message by using the movement and style of hands and fingers. What’s most directly, we use our thumb to praise other and use our middle finger to despise someone. When expressing doubt or helplessness, westerners like to shrug their shoulders and spread out hands, but Chinese people only wave their hands simply.2.3 PosturesPosture can give others many messages. which is a matter of how people sit, stand, walk and move. From people’s posture, we can conclude something.For instance, when we see a person doesn’t stand up and tall, we say the person is not energetic, competent and unconfident. On the other hand, we can conclude that a person is not concentrated in what they are discussing if he standing lazily, and so on.3. Similarities of body language in Chinese and American cultureFirst ,we discuss the similarities of body language in china andAmerica .For instance:3.1 facial expressions(1) Knit one's brows said he is unhappy ,you shouldn’t talk to him too long.(2) Shrugged his nose means he don't like what he see or what you do. Gnash his teeth means he is angry or make up his mind.3.2 Sign language(1) The signal “V” means “victory” .When someone succeed or overcomesome difficulties , someone usually do this gesture.(2) “OK” means “consent”. we often use it to show our positive ideas. And when someone don’t like your idea ,he just shaking his head and say “No”.3.3 Postures(1) When a man meet another man ,they generally shake hands to express their friendly.(2) Waved hands means goodbye,Shrug one’s shoulders means negative, uninteresting. we use it to show that we don’t know when asked by others in our daily life.4. Differences of body language in Chinese and American cultureDon’t understand body languages from different culture will bring about a lot of misunderstanding and conflicts. Therefore, it is of great importance for us to understand the body language in intercultural communication. For instance:4.1 Eye language and facial expressionsAmerican people have an old proverb: Never trust a person who can't look you in the eyes. While the Chinese people in conversation, the two sides are not necessarily time to time to look at each other, some people have also deliberately avoided continued eye contact to show humility, obedience or respect. This may be one of the reasons that the American people in China think Chinese are not warm and friendly; but also explain why the American people like to talk face to face, and the Chinese people tend to have a heart-to-heart talk. It is a habit of American people that the two sides look ateach other while they are talking, but they hate staring, because in their view this is a very rude behavior. American people find that they are as statues of rare animal camel being looked up and down, and the stare at them makes them feel very angry. However, to gaze at people in China, sometimes means only a curiosity and surprise, not rude.4. 2 gesturesThe implication of gestures is diversity, especially in cultural differences. Here we will take some gestures for example.(1) American people with the thumb and index finger to form a circle, means “OK”, but in China the “O”gesture is often used to represent the “zero”.(2) Indicate the number “3”, the Chinese people have thumb and index finger form a circle fingertips phase, the other three fingers stretched open; the American people straight index finger, middle finger and ring finger, little finger to thumb catch.(3) The “V” gesture, In America, it means victory but not the number. In China, sometimes, people think that this gesture means the number “2”.(4) American require a lift, the gesture is thumb-up when facing a coming traffic; in China, facing a vehicle, riders stretch one arm to the side, palm forward, make a “stop” gesture, or holding the right hand or both hands, say hello to the driver.4. 3 Postures(1) In intercultural communication, the presentation of posture also reflects the differences between Chinese and American, such as, according tothe Chinese tradition, the seated person is the dominator, so the young generations always give up their seat to the old. However, in America, it is quite opposite. Western culture emphasizes the “Ladies first”, so it is a courtesy that Ms. seated before the men pulled out a chair obligation to help them, and this is also a cultured, civilized performance.(2) Moreover, in the classroom, the Chinese teacher questions, students usually stand up and answer the questions; in the U.S., students generally sit to answer the United States teachers.(3) American people stood stamping their feet, means impatient; Chinese stomping, shows angry, angry, frustrated, and regret.(4) American people are standing and walking with the posture of athletes and military, standing up tall, swaggering, big strides forward; in the eyes of Americans, Chinese with standard posture of scholars and civilians.5. ConclusionFrom the above, we have studied the differences and similarities of body language used by Chinese and American. We can see that body language cannot be separated from culture. In intercultural communication, we not only pay attention to the verbal language study, but also emphasize the study of body language. Body language is the signal and tool of human communication and human being has the same ancestors, so In order to make a successful intercultural communication, we should know the body language of different cultures.Reference1.张爱琳，（2010），《跨文化交际》，重庆大学出版社；2.陈邦玲,(2004)，非语言交际在跨文化交际中的作用，安徽农业大学学报；3.贾玉新，(1997)，跨文化交际学.上海外语教育出版社；4.刘慧，(2008)，身体语言的魅力。
英语论文跨文化交际中肢体语言的沟通
英语论文跨文化交际中肢体语言的沟通IntroductionAs the trend of globalization is strengthened step by step, international communication is frequent and important day by day. Thus, the significance of body language in intercultural communication has been greatly realized. “ Research sh ows that when people meet someone for the first time, only 7% of their initial impact on others is determined by the content of what they say; the other 93% of their message is made up of body language (55%) and the tone of their voice （38%）.”Body language helps us to manage and guard against these tendencies, and also - significantly especially in flirting/dating/mating rituals - body language often helps people to communicate and resolve relationship issues when conscious behaviour and speech fails to do so.Body language has evolved in spite of human awareness and conscious intelligence: rather like a guardian angel, body language can help take care of us, connecting us to kindred souls, and protecting us from threats. While the importance of body language in communications and management, etc., has become a popular interest and science in the last few decades, human beings have relied on body language instinctively in many ways for many thousands of years.And thus this paper intends to present its meaning and classification, cultural differences and analyze the factors that influence body that influence our communication of body language so that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it well.2 Body Language2.1 Definition of Body LanguageBody language is a term for communication using body movements or gestures instead of, or in addition to, sounds, verbal language or other communication. It forms part of the category of paralanguage, which describes all forms of human communication that are not verbal language. This includes the most subtle of movements that many people are not aware of, including winking and slight movement of the eyebrows. In addition body language can also incorporate the use of facial expressions.Western scholars have made a lot of definitions about it, the most vivid and specific definition is that body language is the non-verbal language which can express information that language cannot express and the actions most people can understand.To get good at reading body language, go out and do the “R” over and over. Open your eyes and ears. Turn off your biased,over-analytical brain and observe the way a child observes.A toddler sees objects and actions in a more stand-alone way than adults, who go to extraordinary means to make connections. He has no preexisting framework to overlay his observations onto, so he’s a much better collector of pure body language than older, well socialized people. If you place a wrapped box on the table in front of a young child capable of speech, the questions are endless. As you get older, you answer the questions for yourself, assuming you know what everything means.2.2 The Classification of Body LanguageBody language can be divided into eye contract language, body touches language, posture and gesture, manner, facial expression, flavor language, proxemics and clothes language.And in this paper just introduce four of them:eye contract, body distance,facial expression and gesture.2.2.1 Eye contractA 16th century proverb calls the eyes the windows to the soul. More than 500 yearslater, the proverb has assumed the stature of gospel. When you really understand the eyes, you'll see how close the proverb is to the mark.Some of the following words used to describe a person's eyes are heard daily:direct, sensual, sardonic, expressive, intelligent, penetrating, sad, cheerful, worldly, hard, trusting, and suspicious. Most students, as well as your personal observations, tell you that culture modifies the amount of eye contact in which you engage and who is the recipient of the eye contact.If two Arabians are in conversation, they will look at each other warmly. Because they think eyes are the key of their existence. But in American eyes, they think this behavior is unsuitable or a homosexual behavior. The educated Englishmen believe direct eye contact with our communicators is gentlemanly. Japanese often look at the other communicator’s neck when they are in conversation. They believe eye cont act is impolite. And Chinese consider gazing people is an unfriendly behavior and it is a challenge. Some South American Indians used to look at different directions when they are talking. In the Middle East, it is considered extremely provocative for a woman to let a man catch her eyes, let alone, return his gaze.2.2.2 GestureGesture action language is a highly expressive body language, it is not only rich in diversity, but also simple and intuitive, so I use a wide range, high frequency, effective good. Agood example is the award in 2005 CCTV Spring Festival Gala's most popular dance audience show special award category of 'Avalokitesvara', 21 live in the silent girl in the world of sign language with their hundreds of millions to the nation transmission of information the audience to express New Year's blessing.In a very general sense, we all use gestures to reinforce an idea or to help describe something. When we say, “That’s an English book”, at the same time we are pointing to the book. If someone asks us the way to the library, we point to the right, adding a little information about it, which will be more clear and concrete. We like to use our hands toindicate the dimensions when someone asks us to describe the size or shape of something.Americans often touch their temples to express somebody’s cleverness. But this acti on means there is something wrong with one’s mind or one is stupid to Chinese. Chinese are often surprised to see Americans lay their hands on their necks when they are full. Because it is an suicide action to Chinese, who used to express fullness by patting their stomachs. And another example,2.2.3 Facial expressionFace is the organ of expression. Morris conjectured that it is the easiest to control because it is the closest to the brain. When it comes to the face, I think we’re dealing with a paradox: T he face is both the easiest and the hardest area of the body to control. There are many things we do with our faces that we aren't even aware of because they are second nature.A lot of emotion comes out through the brow in both voluntary and involuntary expressions. We use the forehead muscles when wenormally interact with people, even on the phone, and we develop wrinkles as a result. If Morris were right and we can control the muscles in the face more easily than others, then we wouldn't be using so much Botox. We could voluntarily stop using the muscles that create the problem, and even voluntarily reverse the process of wrinkling by exercising them.In addition, if the face were under our control, more facial movements would be cultural, not universal.Facial movements become practiced behavior over time, because we learn how to present an even smile when meeting someone and an arched eyebrow when our kid drops mustard on the floor. But the plethora of muscles in our faces makes it hard for us to keep track of them. We often do not even realize the range of emotions and physiological reactions we express with our faces.What does that upturned brow mean? Is there a difference if the person sending the message is male or female? If the receiver is male or female? The head is the workhorse of communication. And although much of what it conveys is intentional, we still leak messages that are impossible to cover.2.2.4 Body distancePsychologists discover any person needs personal space, yet skins are not the boundary of personal space, their personal spaces are encircled by bubbles and other people can’t break in at will.People always carry personal space with them no matter how far they will go, and they always have a kind of instinctive common sense of self-guard. So the speakers talking with him need to keep a distance during conversation to avoid offence. The anthropologist and socialist Doctor Hall advanced 4 kinds of definitions for it. 1. Intimate distance (0-45cm)—proper forspouse and lovers; 2.personal distance(5-120cm)—Proper for friends, acquaintances, and relatives; 3.social distance (120-360cm)—proper for dealing with impersonal thing;4,public distance(360-750cm)—proper for informal party."Take Britain and Italian for example, there would be a very interesting sense when people from the two countries are talking to each other. It seems that the Italian would always be the aggressor while the English be the defender. However, in their own condition, they just want to hold the communication space they used to." A person's use of space is directly linked to the value system of their culture. For example, oriental people could bear the physical touch in a crowd bus, while western people may find it unable to endure. As to personal space, Chinese, Japanese, even most of Asian people have fewer requirements than western people. For westerners value more on individualism.2.3 Functions of Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal communication, like verbal communication is also a part of culture and the carrier of a certain culture. The function of nonverbal communication in the whole communication can’t be overlooked. “In the daily communication, we can see people can’t communicate efficiently by verbal language alone. And nonverbal communication will express clear meanings in a certain context. And a certain nonverbal communication should be connected with verbal communication or the other nonverbal communication to p rovide correct information.”So in communicative activities, nonverbal communication also plays a great role. Of course, we should pay close attention to the functions ofnonverbal communication. “In any case, when verbal communication conflicts with nonverbal communication, peopleare willing to accept the information nonverbal communication delivers. Because nonverbal communication sounds more natural, more instinctive and it is hard to pretend.”Obviously, we should make full use of nonverbal communication to achieve efficient communication. Now, we will discuss the functions of nonverbal communication.Repetition. For example, when we tell people how to get to the nearest hospital, we are not only telling them the direction but also pointing to the direction with hands. Supplement. For instance, we greet people with a smile. Smile functions as a supplement to the pleasure of meeting people. Replacement. When we communicate with others, we will frown instead of asking directly to hint that we don’t under stand and expect repetition or explanation. Emphasis. When we are talking or making a speech, we often raise our voice to stress the content. And sometimes, we say, “It is my fault” while hung down our heads. We smile and say, “Welcome”. We shout out to th e people while waving our fists. All the nonverbal communication here emphasizes what we say. Adjustment. We often suggest that our talk is over by our tone, eyes, head nodding and other nonverbal communicative behaviors. For example, the manager stands up to show the end of the interview.3 The Commonly Used of Body LanguageBody language is the most important behavior of nonverbal communication. For example, Chinese Tibetans stretch out their tongues when meeting people, this is the way to express their politeness and respect, but when Americans doing this, they want to express despite to others. So body language may cause difficulties and misunderstanding, lead to failure in intercultural communication. Following are some examples of use some of thenonverbal messages in intercultural communication which frequently appear in the course of communication and might easily cause misunderstanding.Following are some examples of use some of the nonverbal messages in intercultural communication which frequently appear in the course of communication and might easily cause misunderstanding.3.1 GreetingIn Asian countries, there are some common greeting gestures, they are handshaking, bowing, avoid eye contact. In China , the western custom of shaking hands is the customary form of greeting, but often a nod of the head or slight bow is sufficient. Hugging and kissing when greeting are uncommon. Business cards are often exchanged, and yours should be printed in your own language and in Chinese. Also, it is more respectful to present your card (or a gift or any other article) using both hands. The Chinese are enthusiastic applauders. You may be greeted with group clapping, even by small children. When a person is applauded in this fashion it is the custom for that person to return the applause or a "thank you." When walking in public places, direct eye contact and staring is uncommon in the larger cities, especially in those areas accustomed to foreign visitors. However, in smaller communities, visitors may be the subject of much curiosity and therefore you may notice some stares.In Japan, the graceful act of bowing is the traditional greeting. However, they have also adopted the western custom of shaking hands, albeit with a light grip and perhaps with。
【学校】跨文化交流中的肢体语言商务英语毕业论文
【关键字】学校中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题目：跨文化交流中的肢体语言姓名：00000班级、学号：系(部) ：经济管理系专业：商务英语指导教师：开题时间：完成时间：31 日目录课题跨文化交流中的肢体语言一、课题(论文)提纲三、参照文献Body language in intercultural communication0000摘要:肢体语言是文化交流的一部分。
肢体语言，众所周知，是指能够传递某种特定信息的面部表情、手势语,以及其他身体部位动作。
像动作，脸部表情，眼神交流等等。
用肢体语言来表达感情几乎是人类的本能。
因为它简单方便，所以被广泛的运用于生活中。
除一些世界公认的肢体语言外，不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言。
在进行跨文化交流时，相同的肢体语言形式可能具有完全不同的意义。
本文比较了不同文化的肢体语言的差别并简单阐述了肢体语言，以便于我们更好的提升沟通技巧和理解能力。
AbstractBody language is a part of intercultural communication. Body language, as is universally known, means elements in nonverbal communication produced by body. Such as movement, facial expressions, eye contact and so on. Use body language to express emotion almostly is a instincts of human itself. It is widely used in reality life Because of its simple、fast、directly. except some admittedly body languages, different cultures have different body languages. When you process an intercultural communication, the same body language form probably shows different meaning. This article intends to compare the difference of body language with different culture，present its meaning and talk it briefly so that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it wellKeywords:body language;interculturcommunication;applicationIntroduction:Intercultural communication , means the interaction between people from different background.In nowadays, economy globlization trends becoming obvious day by day, intercultural communication is no longer a rare thing to us. With the fast development and popularity of the internet,it is very convenient for people to carry on intercultural communication. A basic content of intercultural communication is body communication, if the message can not handle well, misunderstanding will caused in intercultural communication sometimes. Therefore, when you carry on intercultural communication, you should understand some common body language in international communication.The necessity and importance of language in intercultural communicationBody language plays a significant role which complete language in intercultural communication. Why do language have such a essential effects on communication？Because sometimes, body language be able to express meaning or contents more profound than verbal language，they can express what the verbal language cannot express directly.People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, waving, eye contact, shrugging and so on. Use body language to express emotion almostly is ainstincts of human itself. It is widely used in dai ly life Because it i s simple,fast,directly.Like all of other nonverbal communication behaviors, body language serves a variety of purposes. Body language sometime repeats or takes place of verbal communication with the use of gestures. Moreover, body language can regulate social interaction, and finally it conveys our attitude toward ourselves and toward others in communication. In addition, it express information masterly and leave a better imagine space on others.As an unique way of communication, body language plays an irreplaceable role in people's munication is mainly depend on verbal language or written word, but as a matter of fact, body language is regard as a widely method to express emotion, attitude or advice. And have affect on communication deeply.According to the relevant statistics, the percentage of body language communication is about 65% in social occasion. A psychologist give up a formula:Transmit of information= 7%language+38%voice+55%body languageAlthough the aboved data need a further discussion, while it is more emphasis on the role of body language in interpersonal communication. Non-verbal action, majority is unconsciously reveal, and it often reflects his real feelings. It is more easier for people to disguise words when using language, In the process of communication, meanwhile, the non-verbal behavior is not so easy to conceal. As Freud said “understanding people's deep psychological idea, language is not reliable, the body languages are more true than human’s emotion and desires.”In the process of information communication, not only the expression and movement appears with the disseminator’s verbal language, but also the recipients are receiving information while showing a series of expressions. It is an important feedback, it is a recipient psychological feedback, it is more important than the language.2.The classification of body language2.1Facial expression languageExpression refers to the person's facial expressions. How many people's facial expressions it is, I’m afraid it is impossible to work out, there are some common facial expressions like:"happiness, anger, sadness and joy, others such as fear, disappointment,it is called as changing. No wonder Roman Rolland said, “facial expressions is the language which nurturedcenturies and thousands of times more complex than the mouth talking. ”The eyes are the windows of the soul, eye contact is the main source of confidence in nonverbal communication. Besides, we convey ideas by eyes,the eyebrow and mouth movements also can not be ignored.2.2 Hand languageThe use of hand and arm movements, is the most powerful method to convey his ideas in body language.In a general sense, we have to use hand gestures to help strengthen the ideas or describe things. Therefore, it is used everywhere. Even in a social situation. Gesture language is the most important part of the body language, is the most important silent language, is the most useful language. No matter the past, now and the future, its still an indispensable tool of people contacts. In the different nationality or ethnic groups, the meaning of same kind of sign language expression may be roughly the same or similar, also may be quite the opposite. The following are several common sign language:V-gesture: It has become Esperanto for long time, and it is come from the because the V word in English on behalf of Victory, so V express the joy and sense of victory to people. When you use this gesture, you need turn your finger’s back to your face. It is said that this gesture become popular after the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill use during the Second World War in English-speaking countries. Be careful when using this gesture, you must put palm out, otherwise, means stigma, neglect to other.OK gesture: There is no doubt that it is also a Esperanto which composed of english letters O and K, its means no problem, everything is ready , also shows i’m fine, all right, thank you for your attention.However, in the south of , OK gesture means that something he disapproved is not worth mentioning.In the Middle East and , this gesture symbolizes holes, which have a clear meaning of homosexuality. If in the bar and other public places, someone show you this gesture is probably looking for a partner, and do not return a thumb gestures, you also do not think he told you OK,so you are politely return a ok.In addition, leg movements can also reveal personal potential consciousness.At a meeting, a staff suddenly received a call from his wife who said that her mother had acar accident and went to the hospital, asked him to the hospital immediately. After the call, of course, he was very anxious and want to ask for leave. But at that time, his manager is giving a speech and hate to be interrupted. If his action left a bad impression on the manager, it will directly affect his promotion prospects. He was quitely worried, but can not take any action, so he frequently look at the door, and also turn his toes towards the door. At this moment, the manager just find his movement and ask the reason, then let him leave immediately.2.3 Poseture languageBody language includes human’s standing posture, walking posture and sit, squat, stoop, sleep and so on.Psychologists have pointed out that a man’s legs are close together when he standing,it generally make a stable and reliable impression on people, and it will also left a difficult communication impression ;while a man stand with his legs apart, his legs have a little toe out of people, then it gives a bold, aggressive proactive attitude to people;A mans legs close together, one after another, which reflects he has ambitious targets, haste temper but very brave and full of adventurous spirit; There is also a kind of person, when he stand focus on one foot, the other foots toes touch the ground behind gravity legs, these people would mostly like to change, willing to face challenge. Of course, standing posture not entirely representative of a person, because well-trained professionals could change body posture, but it at least can make it clear that standing posture is an important language, it has the ability to convey his ideas.Person's walking posture can express a variety of feelings, such as pleasure,frustration,passion, or lazy, slack and so on. psychologists found that: the person whose pace is large and elastic, their hands swinging force, are usually more self-confident, optimistic, objectives; walking pace inertia and variable of the speed ,that kind of person are more hesitant, pessimistic, insight view; People who like to dominate others usually like walk a high kick backwards ;When a women walking , the higher her arm swing, the more t she is energetic; On the contrary, women who walked less by arm swinging, most of them are in the thoughts confusion or frustration.What the“ real” secret of the Body Language exhibited is that all verbal languages can not cover. In the process of intercultural communication, especially those regarding the interests and rights of negotiation, consultation, communication. experienced people who able to master“secretBody language”, often through analyse other's instantaneous exposed body movements or posture, grasp each other's mood swings, real inner intentions quickly.and thereby get the initiative and advantage position. So familiar with “Secret Body Language”as important as English proficiency, even more important.2.The factors influence body language in intercultural communication .Because of different nationalities in which the ecological, physical, social and religious environment is different, each language environment have given rise to a different language habits, socio-cultural, folklore and customs of various contextual factors, and therefore in different cultures, the meaning of body language is not exactly the same, all ethnic groups of communication have different non-discursive way.The probable reasons that cause these diofference are as follow：3.1Different sense of valueIt should be recognized that the values of Eastern and Western cultures have lot of difference, due to the acceleration of world economic globlization process, the international cultural exchanges and cooperation become more frequent.The cultural mutual penetration of different levels in different countries and regions is more obvious, but some deep-rooted values of each are unique. For example, the United States as the representative of Western culture, in terms of value mainly showed as utility, efficiency, emphasize individualism and privacy, have a strong sense of competition and adventure spirit.Besides, westerners havent thoughts of hierarchy, humble, and expensive, cheapdistinction.Of course, many Westerners, is also have double standard in the values. Such as privacy, some U.S. companies prevail to steal employee's privacy, the company let security person look up the file folders, notebooks, open the phone calls, browsing phone automatically record card, or even open the computer, copy file on hard drive when the employees are go outside.Therefore, in the process of intercultural communication, both sides want to achieve understanding and respect, we must first understand and respect each other's values.3.2 Different customsIn the human experience and belief, custom play the dominant role, therefore, there is an old saying“when you in rome, do as romans do”.And if we Chinese people visit others,the host usually offer tea or drinks for guest, the guests will repeatedly refuse and say “no”, or “don't bother”even if the guest is very thirsty, extremely desire to drink tea. While most of the foreigners, often require host if they can offer something to drink, or the host ask guests what would they like to drink, guests is very delight to tell the host what to drink. And there are lot of things sounds like a joke, but that is the true. A Chinese meet his foreign friends outside,then he askl “Mr, have you eaten”? Then, say goodbye to the foreigner, m ove forward .H owever,the foreigners think Chinese friend treat him a dinner today. Another thing, but also because of the customs of the gap, and raises the below jokes.A foreigner visit his Chinese friend’s home, according western manners, foreign friends praised host “Your wife is beautiful” According to Chinese custom, the host hurriedly reply “where , where”? foreign friends think the host ask him which party is beautiful ? He added “everywhere”.3.3 Language hibitsChinese people usually tend to explain the reason fisrt, and then get down to the business, on the other way around, westerners, such as Americans answer the phone, introduce themselves first“this is xx company, can I help you?” when the Other party explain clearly whom he want speak to ,then ask: may I know who is this ? But we often “hey, who is this? Or who do you speak to”?4 . Understand and use body language correctlyA Chinese man talks to an American or Canadian woman, is it impolite to look at each other?In various cultural background , whether nod head means “yes”, shock head means “no”?4.1 Correctly understand different meaning of different body languageIt is necessary to understand that body languages have different meaning in the same situation, and the same body language have diffrent meaning in the diffrent occasion.It is important to note that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How to interpret body language, it depends on the situation, the culture, the relationship we have with the person as well as the gender of the other. This means that there is not one signal that has the same meaning all over the world. Body language is also interlinked with spoken language and a whole pattern of behaviour from a person. As well as that, various body language signs can help each other to understand meaning clearly or strengthen the meaning of what we express.For example, shaking head at sometimes does not absolutely means disapproval, also it is possible means “unbelievable” or “do nothing” or even a think highly of praise --- “fantastic”. For example, when you see a football player shoot a ball into the goal, you probably will shake you heads to praise. Similarly, in the process of interaction, we must correctly identify the meaning of each other’s same sortof action, which is very important.Due to body language behavior is often comparatively obscure, you have to identify each other's true colors through this hazy “veil”, without a certain social experience and sometimes its not really easy to distinguish. For example you ask someone to help, the other can say “OK” or “no” to you, but some people often can not express in his face resolutely “do it or not”, it is a subtle meaning.4.2 Understand the meaning of others’eye contacts correctlyIt is necessary to understand the meaning of each other's eyes, but also learn how to use eye contact to communicate.A personal eye expression plays an important role in interpersonal communication. The eye contact foremost serve as enhancing human interaction, For speakers, its better for them to control, regulate themselves. Warning , points out other's role so that they could adjust their conversation or manner timely. For listening people, different eye contacts can tell other whether you listen or not, or absent-minded. You can also look at each others to encourage them to go on, indicate others end the conversation.The way of using eyes contact is different in differentcountries and communities. Westerners, Americans, the Israelis, when they are talking to someone, their eye contacts is relatively strong, so both sides take the measure that they through the information launch of eyes contacts, enhancing the penetration power of the audio language. Asians, their eye contact are more softer,and they would not look others intently as westerners. But generally speaking, when you are talking with others, the scope of eye contacts activities should be natural circulate at each other's eyes, head, shoulder, take soft spots policy.4.3 Correct application of gesture and posture languageIn social occasions, or when dealing with people, we need to learn how to correctly use gestures and posture to convey your feelings and hopes to each others, at the same time, you should understand other's gestures and posture message.In the cultural exchanges, there are lots of common sign languages.A mans hands twisted tightly, it shows that he is nervous; rubbing his hands that shows he is eager; his hands spread out, that means there is no reservation; cover his mouth with hand, shows surprise.And then, due to different cultural backgrounds, the same gesture would have a totally different meaning, for example,the American put the palm inside means peace or victory, but in the United Kingdom it might convey the opposite message. ConclusionBody language is a important method of human communication,its connotation is also different with the difference of cultural inviroment, life style,thinking habbits. Therefore, in cross-cultural communication, we should learn and understand the meaning of body language in different countries and regions, by using it properly to reduce conflict, improve communication quality, only the two sides will master a variety of body language communication forms of different meanings, place them in the appropriate cultural context so that achieve communicative purposes.参考文献：[1]许静.非语言交际的跨文化差异与外语教学[A].上海外语出版社,2005[2]顾曰国.跨文化交际[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1997.[3]贾雨新.跨文化交际[M].上海:上海外语出版社，1997[4]毕继万.跨文化非语言交际[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001此文档是由网络收集并进行重新排版整理.word可编辑版本！。
The Body Language in Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际中的身体语言
The Body Language in Intercultural Communication跨文化交际中的身体语言AbstractAs a communicative tool, language is very important in many situations. However, body language also takes a complementary role to help people transfer information to improve communication, which will be an indispensable power to break up language obstacles in intercultural communication. In the 21st century, as the economic and cultural exchanging of all countries becomes more and more frequent, there appear more obstacles caused by the differences of language and culture. In intercultural communication, one of the most useful ways to deal with the obstacles is to master the meaning of body language. However, even if we understand the meaning of some general body language, there are also some difficulties to master. Because even the same body language have great differences in different couture background. Using body languages wrongly not only makes you fail in interpersonal communications, which would cause conflict in international communication. So what are the differences of the same body language in different country? How to apply body language correctly? In this essay, after borrowing and studying the experience of the forefathers, the author analyzes the various usages and functions of body language in different culture background.Key WordsBody language; intercultural communication; cultural difference摘要语言是一种交流工具，但是起辅助作用的身势语在人类交流中也起着不可忽视的作用。
英文介绍中国肢体语言作文
英文介绍中国肢体语言作文英文回答：Body Language in Chinese Culture。
Body language, a universal form of non-verbal communication, plays a crucial role in shaping social interactions in China. It involves a complex system of gestures, facial expressions, and body movements that convey messages beyond spoken words. Understanding Chinese body language is essential for effective communication and avoiding potential misunderstandings.1. Facial Expressions。
Smiling: Smiles are generally interpreted as a sign of friendliness, politeness, and approval. However, it's important to note that the Chinese may use a subtle smile to indicate discomfort or embarrassment.Eyebrow Raising: Raised eyebrows can express surprise, disbelief, or disapproval. They may also be used toindicate uncertainty or to encourage someone to speak up.Nose Wrinkling: Wrinkling the nose is a sign of disgust or disapproval. It can also be a way to express skepticism or doubt.Pursing Lips: Pursing the lips can indicate concentration, thoughtfulness, or nervousness. It may also convey disapproval or disagreement.2. Gestures。
中西方文化交际中的体态语
中西方文化交际中的体态语魏万德，明虹（武汉理工大学外国语学院，湖北武汉 430070）摘 要：本文对非言语行为中最重要的组成部分——体态语进行了初步研究，介绍了体态语的基本含义，五种主要功能。
由于体态语属于文化的一部分，所以不同的文化背景赋予了体态语不同的涵义，通过分析英汉常用体态语意义的差异，可帮助英语学习者更好地掌握英语国家的文化背景，从而避免交际时的文化误解和冲突。
关键词：体态语；言语行为；非言语行为；跨文化交际1. 序言在日常生活交际中，人类主要通过两种方式进行交际：言语行为（verbal behavior）和非言语行为（nonverbal behavior）。
非言语行为主要指的是体态语（body language），胡文仲在《英美文化辞典》中说：“体态语指的是传递交际信息的表情和动作”（胡文仲，1990）。
如面部表情、眼神、手势、姿势等通过人体各部位传递情感和文化信息。
体态语是表达一个人内心真实世界的语言，是孕育在一个民族的文化中的，有着强烈的民族性，可反映出多重文化内涵。
美国宾夕法尼亚大学的教授Birdwhistell曾对同一文化的人在对话中言语和非言语行为做了一个量的估计，认为语言交际最多只占整个交际行为的30%左右；Samovar 则更为肯定地认为：“在面对面的交际中信息的社交内容只有35%左右是言语行为，其他都是通过非言语行为传递的；美国有的研究还表明，在表达感情和态度时，言语只占交际行为的7%，而声调和面部表情的信息多达93%。
不管上述统计是如何进行的，它表明交际过程是言语和非言语行为的结合（毕继方，1999）。
体态语随着不同的国度不同的文化而不同，不了解这一点则会影响双方的交流，甚至产生误会，因此了解和学习常用的体态语，对真正掌握和理解跨文化交际中的各种差异及提高交际能力有着重要意义。
2. 体态语的功能体态语在交际中有5种基本功能：重复、补充、替代言语行为、调节和否认交际事件的真实性（Samovar，1991）。
跨文化交际中的肢体语言
跨文化交际中的肢体语言作者：朱婷婷来源：《中学课程辅导·教学研究（上）》 2019年第4期摘要：肢体语言是最常见的跨文化交流的非语言手段，所以我们有必要了解东西方肢体语言的文化差异。
关键词：跨文化交际；肢体语言；教师；学生中图分类号：G632.0 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1992-7711(2019)04-0014在人类交流中有各种各样的工具和模式。
语言是最重要的工具之一。
然而，它很少独立运作，总是伴随各种各样的非语言行为。
我们知道，非语言交际的研究包括三个主要部分：空间关系学、运动学或肢体语言和非语言。
其中，肢体语言是非语言行为的重要组成部分。
它与文化有关，在不同的文化中，肢体语言意味着不同的东西。
本文就简要对肢体语言在跨文化交际中的应用以及东西方文化肢体语言的差异进行探究。
一、肢体语言在跨文化交际中的应用通常，肢体语言是无意识发生的。
然而，我们使用的肢体语言在很大程度上决定了我们沟通的质量。
因此，注意到肢体语言在不同的文化中有不同的含义是很重要的。
1. 肢体语言的分类肢体语言本身的分类是比较复杂的。
据估计，大约有27万个人类的手势或行为。
它们代表着复杂的含义。
有些是具体的，有些是笼统的；有的用于交流，有的用于自我表达。
一般来说，根据身体动作和面部表情，肢体语言可以分为五组。
(1)情绪动作。
主要通过面部表情和身体其他部位来表达情绪。
例如，一个微笑表示赞同。
(2)“调整”的动作。
这种动作是为了保持面对面的对话，建议说话者继续对话，重复，进一步解释，说话更快等。
(3)象征动作。
象征动作通常是具体而清晰的，比如手势，比如“OK”和“VICTORY”。
这些具有明显文化特征的行为被用来取代话语行为。
(4)描述性动作。
描述性动作与话语行为相协调，用以解释对话，如用手势描述方向，或指向物体，或用手势解释现象等。
(5)适应性动作。
分为自适应动作(如踩踏、抓、揉捏、挖鼻子、摸眼睛)、可转换的适应性动作(如接近或后退、接受或给予)、客观的适应性动作(如打字、喝酒)。
跨文化交际视角下的中西方肢体语言差异
跨文化交际视角下的中西方肢体语言差异姓名：XX 学院：外国语学院专业：英语年级：2009级学号：XXXXXX摘要肢体语言(body language)又称身势语言，是表示使用身体运动或动作来代替或辅助声音、口头言语或其他交流方式进行交流的一种方式的一个术语。
其之所以能够被称之为语言,主要在于它的信息通报性。
肢体语言和我们所学习的语言一样，它作为一种特殊的语言也是不可被忽视的文化的一部分。
它之所以具有着不可忽视的作用是因为它能够在学习和运用语言的过程中通过肢体的不同动作把我们想要表达出的话语以及内部实质意义更为深刻鲜明的表现出来，肢体语言能够更好地促进语言的交流，我们都知道，不论是以中国为代表的东方国家还是以欧美为代表的西方国家都有着肢体语言的存在，除了一些世界公认的肢体语言以外，不同的国家肢体语言还有着其不同的语言内涵，了解东西方不同的肢体语言有助于我们更为深入地了解西方文化，更好的增进我们语言的进修。
目录肢体语言的定义，重要性Ⅱ肢体语言的分类A ：表情语言B ：动作语言C : 体态语言Ⅲ影响跨文化交流中肢体语言的因素A：语言习惯B: 风俗习惯C：价值观Ⅳ正确理解中西方肢体语言的区别和运用A:动作一样，意义不同B:意义相同，动作有差异C：只存在于美国文化中的动作D：只存在于中国文化中的动作E：对一些常见的肢体语言的理解关键词：肢体语言、跨文化交际、如何运用正文Ⅰ肢体语言的定义，重要性肢体语言 (body language)也称体态语言，是人类借助和利用自己的面部表情、手势动作、身体姿态的变化来表达和传递思想感情的方式。
运用自己的体态来表情达意几乎是人类自身的一种本能，因为它简便、迅捷、直观，在现实生活中的使用极其广泛，而且有时更能无声胜有声地巧妙表达信息并留给对方更大的想象空间。
Ⅱ肢体语言的分类1.面部表情语言（facial expression language）在跨文化交流中，面部表情语言指的是在交流的过程中通过面部的一系列动作，来传达出我们内心的真实想法，不同国家的人民之间存在着语言障碍，但是通过面部的千变万化的表情我们可以相互了解对方的意愿，他的喜、怒、哀、乐，悲、恐、惊。
跨文化交际中的肢体语言分析_英文_刘艳男
中山大学研究生学刊（社会科学版）第34卷第1期JOUＲNAL OF THE GＲADUATES VOL.34ɴ12013SUN YAT-SEN UNIVEＲSITY（SOCIAL SCIENCES）2013An Analysis of Body Language inIntercultural Communication*LIU Yan-nan（School of Foreign Languages，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou510275）【Abstract】Body language，the most important part of nonverbal communication，plays an essential rolein human communication，especially in intercultural communication．Ｒesearch results have shown thatthe words a person speaks may be far less important than the body language used when delivering theverbal message．It is estimated that less than10percent of the whole message understood by an audienceis the actual content，some30percent is attributed to the pitch and tenor of a person's voice and60percent to other forms of nonverbal communication from body language to facial expressions to handgestures．However，different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication and bodylanguage in different cultures means different things．This thesis aims to discuss the different types ofbody language employed in different cultures such as eye contact，facial expression，touch，and gestures，and the possible causes behind，for example，culture，tradition，beliefs，value，ethnic characters，social customs，etc．．Some suggestions will be given at the end as to how to make use of body languageto achieve efficient intercultural communication and avoid misunderstandings．【Keywords】body language；intercultural communication；difference；causes；suggestions1．1Definition of Body LanguageIntercultural communication refers to the process of communication among people from different cultural backgrounds．It can be categorized into two types：non-verbal communication and verbal communication．As a matter of fact，people can communicate with others not only through verbal communication but also through nonverbal communication．Furthermore，the former sometimes may count more than the latter in expressing real feeling，emotion and attitude by means of such types of body language as eye contact，facial expression，touch，gestures and postures etc．Thus body language，according to Wikipedia，as an expression of both mental and physical ability of human non-verbal communication，may provide clues to the attitude or state of mind of a person．For example，it may indicate aggression，attentiveness，boredom，relaxed state，pleasure，amusement，and intoxication，among many other cues．*收稿日期：2012－09－27作者简介：刘艳男，男，1990年生人，河北唐山人，中山大学外国语言学及应用语言学硕士研究生，主要研究方向，语言学，应用语言学，外语教学;E-mail:liu mengfei1990@。
跨文化沟通中的身体语言与非语言沟通技巧
跨文化沟通中的身体语言与非语言沟通技巧在跨文化沟通中，身体语言和非语言沟通技巧扮演着至关重要的角色。
由于不同文化之间的差异，人们常常会面临语言沟通障碍，而身体语言和非语言沟通则成为了弥合这一障碍的有效手段。
本文将探讨跨文化沟通中的身体语言和非语言沟通技巧，帮助人们更好地进行全球化交流。
一、身体语言的重要性身体语言是人们在交流过程中通过肢体动作、面部表情、姿势以及眼神等传递的信息。
在跨文化沟通中，身体语言可以起到弥补语言障碍的作用，增强交流的准确性和效果。
首先，身体语言能够帮助人们更好地理解和解释语言的含义。
在某些情境下，语言可能存在歧义或者不充分的表达，而身体语言则可以起到补充和协助的作用。
通过观察对方的面部表情、手势和姿势，我们可以更准确地理解对方的意图和感受。
其次，身体语言可以帮助人们建立情感的连接。
在跨文化沟通中，情感的交流往往比信息的传递更为重要。
通过适当的身体语言，我们可以表达自己的友好、尊重和信任，从而有效地建立起彼此之间的情感联系。
最后，身体语言还可以帮助人们传达文化背景和社会习俗。
不同国家和地区存在着巨大的文化差异，通过观察他人的身体语言，我们可以更好地了解和尊重对方的文化，并避免因文化冲突而造成的误解和困惑。
二、非语言沟通技巧的运用除了身体语言，还有许多非语言沟通技巧可以帮助人们在跨文化交流中更好地理解和被理解。
首先是语速和语调的调整。
在跨文化沟通中，语速和语调的变化可以帮助我们更好地适应对方的语言习惯，提高交流的效果。
例如，有些语言有较快的语速和抑扬顿挫的语调，而有些语言则更为缓慢和平稳。
适应对方的语速和语调可以减少沟通的阻碍，增进双方的理解和共鸣。
其次是姿势和体态的调整。
不同文化对于姿势和体态的要求和解读也存在着差异。
在跨文化交流中，我们应注意避免一些可能被视为冒犯或不礼貌的姿势，同时也要学会观察和理解对方的姿势和体态，以便更好地沟通和互动。
再次是眼神的运用。
眼神是非语言沟通中非常重要的一环。
跨文化交际中身体语言的表现方式-社会语言学论文-语言学论文
跨文化交际中身体语言的表现方式-社会语言学论文-语言学论文——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——1 引言世界上由于不同民族的经济、社会、地理环境及风俗习惯的差异，不同的语言思维环境产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化。
在社会交往中人们习惯用自己的语言思维方式来解释对方的言语或非言语信息，不同的文化背景会给跨文化交际行为带来一定的障碍和误解。
英国19 世纪人类学家泰勒创别甲在《原始文化》中提出，文化是一个包罗万象的复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他的能力和习惯。
鲁思本尼迪尼在《文化模式》中则说，文化是通过某个民族的活动而表现出来的一种思维和行动方式，一种使这个民族不同于其他任何民族的方式。
由此，丁亚平在他的《艺术文化学》中指出文化映寓的是历史发展过程中人类的物质和精神力量所达到的图景、程度和方式。
跨文化交际指的是不同文化背景的人之间所发生的相互作用。
由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同，各自的语言环境便产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等诸语境因素，因而在不同的文化中，肢体语言的意义也不完全相同，各民族有不同的肢体语言交际方式。
全球文化的多样性，要求我们在外语学习的过程中，除了学习其语言外，还必须了解其文化。
在跨文化交际中，除了通过言语行为获取信息外，我们还需要了解不同文化的非言语行为，即身体语言。
身体语言具有民族性，是文化的一部分，是民族文化的历史沉积。
不同的民族文化将会产生不同的身体语言，而同一种身体语言在不同的文化中有不同的文化内涵。
对不同文化的身体语言的学习会给我们在跨文化交际中带来便利。
2 身体语言的表现方式在人类的日常交际中，除了借用语言这一重要工具来传达信息外，人们还使用许多其他手段来表达自己的思想和感情。
一切不使用语言进行的交际活动统称为身体语言。
根据字典上的解释，身体语言指手势，身体姿势，面部表情等这些用来表达各种身体、心理和情感上的状态并与人进行非语言交流的语言，包括眼神、手势、身姿、微笑、面部表情、服装打扮、沉默、身体的接触、讲话人之间的距离、讲话的音量、时间观念和对空间的使用等等。
Body_Language_in_Intercultural_Communication
一、本课题研究的目的及其意义人类除了能用语言交际、交流思想和传递信息外，还使用非言语性的手段，如表情、姿势等表达情感和思想，进行人际沟通。
这就是肢体语言。
“肢体语言”同语言一样，都是文化的一部分。
语言与非语言交际的同时运用是在任何一种文化中都极为重要的表现形式。
在交际过程中，两者互为依托，相辅相成，共同传递信息与情感，构成整个交际行为。
在不同文化中，肢体语言的意义并不完全相同。
各民族有不同的非语言交际方式。
因此，要用外语进行有效的交际，在说某种语言时就得了解说话人的手势，动作，举止等所表示的意思。
同时，进入21世纪，随着国际经济文化交流的加深，由于语言，文化的差异而产生的障碍随时都可能存在，在跨文化交际中，消除障碍的最有效的方法就是了解身势语的含义。
然而即使我们对常用的身势语有所了解，我们仍然面临着一些困难，身势语含义千变万化，即使同一身势语在不同的文化背景都有不同的含义。
错误地用身势语不仅会使我们在跨文化交际中失败，而且会造成和外国朋友之间的冲突，所以怎样正确地使用身势语，怎样理解身势语的差异都非常重要，该篇论文中作者在借鉴前人成果的基础上分析了各种身势语在不同文化背景下的用法和功能，以及产生差异的原因和供读者参考的交际原则等，以求达到更好的交际效果.二、本课题研究的现状，并列出主要参考文献（至少15项）胡文仲在《英美文化辞典》中说：“体态语是指传递交际信息的表情和动作。
”同时另一位学者斯特说：“体态语是以同外界交流情感的全身或部分身体的反射性或非反射性动作。
”究竟何为体态语？人际间交流的工具和符号，可以概括的分为两类：即言语交流和非言语交流。
而构成非言语交流的方式有三种：即动态无声交流，静态无声交流和有声交流。
其中动态无声交流又称体态交流，即体态语(Body language)，它又称为身势语(kinesics)。
它是包括以身体姿态(posture)、面部表情(facial expression)、眼神(eyes)、手势(sign behaviors)和其他动作表示意义的信息传输系统。
跨文化交际中的肢体语言及文化禁忌
攻读硕士学位研究生试卷（作业）封面（2012至2013学年度第一学期）题目跨文化交际中的肢体语言及文化禁忌科目跨文化交际姓名任红霞专业英语语言文学入学年月2012 年9 月跨文化交际中的肢体语言及文化禁忌摘要：肢体语言与学外语一样, 是文化的一部份。
除一些世界公认的肢体语言外, 不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言。
跨文化交际时, 相同的肢体语言形式可能具有完全不同的意义。
跨文化交际中的禁忌有很多，东西方文化差距很大。
在与外国人进行交往时，必然注意不要让人反感，了解异文化的禁忌,提高能力。
关健词：肢体语言; 跨文化交际;文化禁忌Abstract: Body language, like verbal language, is also a part of culture. Different cultures have different Body languages except some universal ones. And in intercultural communication, the same body language may mean different things. So there are many cultural taboos in intercultural communication. Communicating with foreigners,we should attach importance to taboos to improve our ability of intercultural communication.Key words: Body language；Intercultural communication；Cultural taboos一.跨文化交际跨文化交际的英文名称是intercultural communication，指的是不同文化背景的人之间所发生的彼此作用由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同, 各自的语言环境便产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等诸语境因素, 因此在不同的文化中, 胶体语言的意义也不完全相同各民族有不同的肢体语育交际方式例如法国人发言就象个浪漫法国人, 而英国男子和美国男子翅腿的样子, 是不是绅士风度, 就不一样。
跨文化交际中的身势语
跨文化交际中的身势语毕业论文题目：跨文化交际中的身势语Title:On Body Language in Intercultural Communication2009 年5 月22 日AbstractBody language is very important in intercultural communication and it is connected closely with culture. Body language from different cultures has many differences because of their different regions, races and cultural customs. It is influenced by its culture, so it has particular cultural connotations. That is to say, the meanings of the same body languages vary from culture to culture and have different social functions. Consequently, in order to make successful exchange in intercultural communication, we should know the body language from different cultures. This paper talks about the definition, function, classification and importance of body language, and it discusses the cultural differences of body language and the major principles of using body language. It aims to illustrate the differences of body language and put forward the principles of reducing barriers in intercultural communication so as to achieve effective communication and to avoid misunderstanding.Key words: body language; intercultural communication; cultural differences; major principles身势语是跨文化交际中非常重要的一部分，它与文化紧密相关。
跨文化交际中的肢体语言
On Body Language in Intercultural Communication 作者： 刘娜娜 [1] 王延凤 [2]
作者机构： 潍坊敬育学院外语系[1] 青州市职工子弟学校,山东,青州,262500[2]
出版物刊名： 潍坊教育学院学报
页码： 60-64页
主题词： 肢体语言 跨文化交际 外语学习
摘要：肢体语言与学外语一样,都是文化的一部分.除一些世界公认的肢体语言外,不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言.跨文化交际时,相同的肢体语言形式可能具有完全不同的意义.本文简单对比中美肢体语言的差别,并介绍了一些国外常用的肢体语言,以此来说明在学习外语的同时,多了解一些国外常用的肢体语言是会有帮助作用的.。
不同文化中的肢体语言
不同文化中的肢体语言Body Language in Different Cultures1. Eye Contact: In the United States and Canada, INTERMITTENTeye contact is extremely important in conveying interest and attention. In many Middle Eastern cultures, INTENSE eye contactbetween the same genders is often a symbol of trust and sincerityhowever, between opposite genders, especially in Muslimcultures, anything more than BRIEF eye contact is considered inappropriate. Additionally, in Asian, African, and Latin Americancultures, extended eye contact is considered a “challenge.” TheJapanese tend to consider even brief eye contact uncomfortable.And, in some cultures, a woman should look down when talking toa man (thanks to thank Denise Gerdes, a former Peace Corpsvolunteer from Minnesota for that information).2. Handshakes: In my handshake article Networking 101: YouBetter Get A Grip and Read This, I talked about the handshake inWestern cultures. Between cultures, however, there are differencesthat could throw you off! For example, in parts of Northern Europe a quick firm “one-pump” handshake is the norm. In partsof Southern Europe, Central and South America, a handshake islonger and warmer – meaning the left hand usually touches theclasped hands, the elbow, or even the lapel of the shakee.Bewarethat in Turkey, a firm handshake is considered rude andaggressive. In certain African countries, a limp handshake is thestandard. Men in Islamic countries never shake the hands of women outside the family.3. Touching:This is a big no-no. It may look okay, but you could befooled. For example, did you know that in some sects of Judaism,the only woman that a man will touch in his lifetime is the womanhe is married to? In Japan, Scandinavia, and England, touching isless frequent. In Latino cultures, touching is encouraged.This maynot have a place in this article, but still interesting: NEVER toucha person’s head. This can be religiously offensive. Really, whenyou are out netw orking, just DON’T touch – except to shake hands. If you are comfortable, let the other person guide what is appropriate to them.4. Personal Dress and Hygiene: I don’t know of any culture whereit is acceptable to not brush your teeth. I could be wrong.H owever, everything else can vary! Some cultures don’t shave –their mens’ faces (or womens’ legs or underarms). Some cultures never wear deodorant and others don’t bathe as frequently. You must be careful to make sure you do not offend anyone. And yes, sometimes odors that are quite odd to you might be veryacceptable in another culture.5. Gestures:They mean different things everywhere. Seriously, keepyour gestures to yourself. If you want to flip off the business card warrior, it might not have any effect at all if he/she is from a different culture. In fact, in some cultures, it’s used as a pointer.The thumbs-up has all different meanings too. At the peril of destroying my reputation, I am not even going to write about them. Also be careful with the Amer ican “A-Ok” sign and putting your hands on your hips.。
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跨文化交际中的肢体语言On Body Language in Intercultural Communication摘要：肢体语言与学外语一样，都是文化的一部分。
除一些世界公认的肢体语言外，不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言。
跨文化交际时，相同的肢体语言形式可能具有完全不同的意义。
本文简单对比中美肢体语言的差别，并介绍了一些国外常用的肢体语言，以此来说明在学习外语的同时，多了解一些国外常用的肢体语言是会有帮助作用的。
关键词：肢体语言;跨文化交际;外语学习Abstract :Body language，like verbal language, is also a part of culture .Different culture shave different body languages except some world known ones. And in intercultural communication, the same body language may mean different things. This paper，on the basis of some examples，emphasizes the significance of body languages in intercultural communication by comparing the body languages in the United States and China, and briefly introducing some body languages often used in foreign countries. The author reaches the conclusion that while learning foreign languages, it is also important as well to know some body languages in foreign countries.Key words: body language; intercultural communication; foreign languages earning肢体语言(body language)也称体态语言，是人类借助和利用自己的面部表情、手势动作、身体姿态的变化来表达和传递思想感情的方式。
运用自己的体态来表情达意几乎是人类自身的一种本能，因为它简便、迅捷、直观，在现实生活中的使用极其广泛，而且有时更能无声胜有声地巧妙表达信息并留给对方更大的想象空间。
1.面部表情语言的运用。
达尔文说:“面部与身体的富于表达力的动作，极有助于发挥语言的力量.”法国作家罗曼.罗兰也曾说过:“面部表情是多少世纪培养成功的语言，是比嘴里讲的更复杂到千百倍的语言。
”心理学家阿尔伯特。
玛洛比恩发明了一个规则:总交流量=7%的文字交流+38%的口头交派+55%的面部表情交流。
通过脸色的变化，眉、目、鼻、嘴的动作，能极好地实现信息交流。
2.手势动作语言的运用。
手势动作语言是一种表现力极强的肢体语言，它不仅丰富多样化，而且简便、直观性强，所以运用范围广、频率高、收效好。
一个很好的例子就是荣获2005年中央电视台春节联欢晚会最受观众喜爱的歌舞类节目特别奖的《千手观音》，二十一位生活在无声世界里的姑娘用她们的手势语向全国亿万观众传递信息，表达了新春的祝福.3.身体姿态语言的运用。
身体姿态语言是通过身体各种动态或静态的姿势传递交流信息的一种形式.俗话说“坐有坐相站有站相”、“坐如钟立如松”，这都是对身体姿态的要求。
我们同别人交际时，交际的手段不只是局限于话语，尽管我们有时没有意识到这一点。
我们的表情、手势、身体其他部分的动作都向周围的人传递信息。
微微一笑伸出手表示欢迎，皱眉表示不满，点头表示同意，挥手表示再见，听报告或讲演时，身子往椅背上一靠，伸一下舌头表示厌烦，不感兴趣。
这些都是交际手段的一部分。
肢体语言与学外语一样，都是文化的一部分。
“跨文化交际”的英文名称是cross-cultural communication或intercultural communication，指的是不同文化背景的人之间所发生的相互作用。
由于不同的民族所处的生态、物质、社会及宗教等环境不同，各自的语言环境便产生了不同的语言习惯、社会文化、风土人情等诸语境因素，因而在不同的文化中，肢体语言的意义也不完全相同。
各民族有不同的肢体语言交际方式。
例如：法国人讲话就像个浪漫法国人，而英国男子和美国男子翘腿的样子，是否绅士风度，就不一样。
美国人讲完一句话时可能会低一下头或垂一下手，还可能垂一下眼帘。
他们问完一个问题会抬一下手或昂起下巴或睁大眼睛。
近年来，随着改革开放步伐的加快，特别是我国加人WTO以来，对外交往日益频繁，国与国之间的交流越来越广泛，国际互联网的开通使更多的人足不出户便涉及到跨文化交际。
跨文化交际研究的基本内容之一就是非语言交际，而肢体语言又是非语言交际的重要内容，因此，在跨文化交际中，如果肢体语言信息处理不好，有时会产生误解。
作为外语学习者，在学习、运用外语进行跨文化交际的时候，同样应了解外国常用的肢体语言，以免造成误解，闹出笑话。
下面就是几则在跨文化交际中发生的有趣的事情:案例一:一个日本人问一个美国旅客，机场是否提供行李车服务。
美国人想告诉他，机场不但提供行李车服务，而且还是免费提供!于是他用了人人皆知的表示“OK”的圆形手势作答。
然而对那个日本人来说，这个手势表示“钱”，因此，日本人断定行李车服务收费昂贵。
而这时，旁边一位突尼斯人看到了这一幕，于是认为美国人在对日本人暗示“他是一个卑鄙无耻的小偷”，让他小L点，否则杀死他。
瞧，真够乱的。
案例二:一名撒丁女子向一位英国男子询问，在希思罗机场是否很容易找到出租车。
她得到的回答是英国式的翘大拇指。
她即刻甩起手提包，狠狠地揍那可怜的男子，因为她认为他做了诬蔑性的暗示。
顺便说一句，这个例子正好说明了为什么在撒丁岛用这个手势搭拦便车不是个好主意。
因此，要用外语进行有效的交际，在说某种语言时就得了解说话人的手势、动作、举止等所表示的意思。
笔者在此从“身体距离”、“目光接触”、“手势动作”等几个方面比较一下各国的异同。
1)身体距离。
我们可以观察一下阿拉伯人同英国人的谈话。
阿拉伯人按照自己的民族习惯认为站得近些表示友好。
英国人按照英国的习惯会往后退，因为他认为保持适当的距离才合适.阿拉伯人往前挪，英国人往后退。
谈话结束时，两个人离原来站的地方可能相当远了!在这个例子里，双方的距离是关键。
不同的民族或种族的人在谈话时，对双方保持多大距离才合适有不同的看法。
据说，在美国进行社交或公务谈话时，有四种距离表示四种不同情况:关系亲密，私人交往，一般社交，公共场合。
交谈双方关系亲密，那么身体的距离从直接接触到相距约45厘米之间，这种距离适于双方关系最为亲密的场合，比如说夫妻关系。
朋友、熟人或亲戚之间个人交谈一般以相距45-80厘米为宜。
在进行一般社交活动时，交谈双方相距1.30 米至3米;在工作或办事时，在大型社交聚会上，交谈者一般保持1. 30米至2米的距离。
在公共场合，交谈者之间相距更远，如在公共场所演说，教师在课堂上讲课，他们同听众距离很远.多数讲英语的人不喜欢人们离得太近，当然，离得太远也有些别扭.离得太近会使人感到不舒服，除非另有原因，如表示喜爱或鼓励对方与自己亲近等，但这是另一回事。
记住这一点很重要。
在英语国家里，一般的朋友和熟人之间交谈时，应避免身体任何部位与对方接触，即使仅仅触摸一下也可能引起不良的反应。
如果一方无意中触摸了对方一下，他(她)一般会说:'Sorry" ;"Oh,I'm sorry" ; "Excuse me”等表示“对不起”的道歉话。
中国人喜欢抚摸别人的孩子以示喜爱，而西方妇女却对这种抚爱“毫不领情”。
不论是摸摸、拍拍，或是亲亲孩子，都使那些西方的母亲感到别扭。
她们知道这种动作毫无恶意，只是表示亲近和爱抚而已，所以也不好公开表示不满。
但在她们自己的文化中，这种动作会被认为是无礼的，也会引起对方强烈的反感和厌恶。
所以，遇到这种情况，西方的母亲往往怀着复杂的感情站在一旁不说话，感到窘迫，即使抚弄孩子的是自己的中国朋友或熟人。
除轻轻触摸外，再谈一谈当众拥抱的问题。
在许多国家里，两个妇女见面拥抱亲吻是很普遍的现象。
在多数工业发达的国家里，夫妻或亲人久别重逢也常常互相拥抱。
两个男人应否互相拥抱，各国习惯不同。
阿拉伯人、俄国人、法国人以及东欧和地中海沿岸的一些国家里，两个男人也热烈拥抱、亲吻双颊表示欢迎，有些拉丁美洲国家的人也是这样。
不过，在东亚和英语国家，两个男人很少拥抱，一般只是握握手。
若干年前，发生了这样一件事:当时日本首相福田纠夫到美国进行国事访问，他在白宫前下车，美国总统上前紧紧拥抱，表示欢迎.福田首相吃了一惊，日本代表团成员也愣住了.许多美国人也感到奇怪，这种情况少见，完全出乎人们的意料。
如果美国总统按日本人的习惯深鞠一躬，大家也不会那么惊讶。
因为在美国和日本，男人之间很少用拥抱这种方式表示欢迎。
在英语国家，同性男女身体接触也是个难以处理的问题。
一过了童年时期，就不应两个人手拉手或一个人搭着另一个人的肩膀走路，因为这意味着同性恋。
2) 目光接触:肢体语言的另一个重要方面是目光接触。
在这一方面可以有许多“规定”：看不看对方，什么时候看，看多久，什么人可以看，什么人不可以看。
这里引用朱利叶斯.法斯特的《肢体语言》一书中的两段，很有意思，可供参考:“两个素不相识的人面对面坐着，在火车餐车里他们可以自我介绍一下，吃饭的时候，说些无关紧要或者是无聊的话;也可以互不理睬，极力避免与对方的目光相遇。
”有个作家在一篇文章里描写过这种情况:“他们翻来覆去地看菜单，摆弄刀叉，看着指甲—好像头一回看见它们.免不了目光相遇时，立即转移视线，注视窗外沿途景色。
”该书作者指出，对素不相识的人的态度是：我们既应避免盯着看，也要避免显出不把他们放在眼里的样子，要看他们一下表示看见了，随后立刻把目光移开。
注视对方的不同情况，决定于相遇的场所。
如果在街上相遇，可以看着迎面走来的人。
直到八英尺远时再移开视线走过去。
但在到达此距离之前，双方都用眼睛暗示一下自己要往哪边走，打算往哪边走就往哪边看一眼。
然后，双方侧身略变方向，即可错开，顺利通过。
根据美国习惯，同相识的人谈话时，说话的人和听话的人都应注视对方。
任何一方不看对方，都可以表示某种意味，如:害怕对方，轻视对方，心神不定，感到内疚，漠不关心等。
甚至在对公众讲话时也要时时直视听众，和许多人的目光接触。