if引导的条件状语从句-虚拟语气
【if从句后面接的过去时态】 if引导从句的三种时态
【if从句后面接的过去时态】if引导从句的三种时态if从句是我们在学习英语时经常碰见的一种句型,那么你知道if从句后面的过去时态是怎么回事吗?下面是小编为你整理的if从句的相关资料,希望大家喜欢!if从句的过去时态不是跟的过去时态,是虚拟语气If I were you ,I'll take it.如果我是你我就买了。
这里的were并不是说我以前就是你,这里表示的一种假设,一种不存在的情况.if后面可以接的时态1.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时态。
引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时代替将来时。
这个是学过的最简单的。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go picnic.如果明天不下雨,我们去野炊吧。
2.if后可以接虚拟语气。
(1)第一种是与现在事实相反,if从句谓语用过去式或者were。
If I were you, I would go there alone.如果我是你,我会一个人去那里。
(与现在事实相反,可惜现在我不是你啊。
)(2)第二种是与过去事情相反,if从句谓语用过去完成时:had+过去分词。
If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.如果他过去努力学习,他现在就已经通过考试了。
(3)第三种是与将来事实相反,if从句谓语用动词过去式,should +动词原形,或were to + 动词原形。
If I should do/were to do/did it, I would do it in a different way.如果我做这个,我将会用另一种方法来做。
if条件句的时态if有两大用法,一个是译为一般的如果,一个是用作假设的如果在if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个推测将来有可能发生的事实,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。
一般译为如果,如:if it rains tomorrow,i won't go out.如果if 条件句谈论的是一个主观的意愿,则主句,从句大多用一般现在时态。
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(if条件句)
在写作中的应用
创作文学作品中
在创作小说、诗歌等文学作品时, 虚拟语气可以用来表达虚构的情 节和角色情感,增强作品的情感
色彩和艺术效果。
撰写学术论文
在撰写学术论文时,使用虚拟语 气可以表达假设的情景或条件, 例如在讨论不同政策或方案的影
响时。
写邮件和信件
在写邮件或信件时,使用虚拟语 气可以表达礼貌和尊重,例如在
在撰写商务广告和宣传材料时,使用虚拟语气可以增强语 言的感染力和说服力,例如“假如您正在寻找更好的产品 ,那么您来对了地方。”
感谢您的观看
THANKS
if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从句的时态不一致
总结词
当if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从句的时态不一致 时,通常是为了强调或表达与时间状语从句相反的情 况。
详细描述
在英语语法中,当if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从 句的时态不一致时,通常是为了强调或表达与时间状语 从句相反的情况。这种用法能够使句子更加生动和富有 表现力,突出说话者对某个特定时间点的态度或情感。 例如,在句子"If I had known the answer yesterday, I would have told you."中,虚拟语气"had known" 与时间状语从句的时态"yesterday"不一致,强调了说 话者对过去的遗憾或后悔。
虚拟语气在条件状语从 句中的用法(if条件句)
目录
CONTENTS
• 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的基本结构 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的特殊情况 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的实际应用
01 虚拟语气在条件状语从句 中的基本结构
虚拟语气if 引导的条件状语从句
虚拟语气要背的内容1.If引导的条件状语从句(should通常用第一人称,would可用任何人称)(2)if 可以省略用(were ,had ,should +主语),省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用到能动词的缩略形式。
W.ere...’.t.it for the expense ,I would go to Italy.错****当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词形式要根据所表示的时间来调整。
2as if /though(虚拟语气用于表语从句)但是后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往可能发生的或被设想为事实。
3it ’s high time that ….(定语从句)含义是:现在该。
4if only 含义是:要是。
就好了5if it were not for6would rather (without ,but for 等)7在简单句中的应用(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
(2)用于一些习惯用语,(3)用may+动词原形表示“祝愿,但愿”,may须用语句首8,在各种从句中,用should +v原形,有下列情况v: arrange ,command .demand, desire, insist, order, propose, Request. suggest,Adj: desired, suggested, decided, ordered, reqested, proposed,necessary,(important,natural,strange,etc)(2)it’s a pity可惜的(a shame, 遗憾的no wonder不足为奇的)thatNoun: advise, idea, order, demand, proposal, suggestion, request,坚(坚持,建议)决(决定,决策,决心)要(要求,让)命(命令)。
if的虚拟语气用法
if的虚拟语气用法if的虚拟语气用法指的是在虚拟状态下使用if来表示一种假设或假定,以此来强调发言中的某些想法。
比较常见的情况是在if引导的条件状语从句中使用过去时态,而主句中使用动词形式却是在现在时形成对比或强调的效果。
虚拟语气的句型常以were或had been开头,但仍需视具体情况而定,主要如下:1、If + 主语 + had been / were + 其它:表示虚拟的假设,此句型后面将由would / could / might + 动词原形来表示从句的内容,如:If I had been richer, I would have bought a car. (假如我富裕些,我会买辆车。
)2、If + 主语 + were to + 动词:表示主语可能发生的假设动作,如:If he were to resign, what would you do? (假如他辞职了,你会怎么做?)1、假设状语从句中虚拟语气呈现在if引导的条件状语从句中,如If I had the money,这时使用的主句可以用一般现在式表示现在,或用一般过去式表示过去,但从句要用过去完成时来表示虚拟表示,如:If I had the money, I would buy a house. (假如我有钱,我会买房子。
)这里的had是表示虚拟,因为说话人的情况发生的可能性比较低;动词buy的复数形式表示的是可能性,即如果有钱,这种可能性应当发生。
2、感叹句中在口语中,常以Oh!开头的感叹句中,仍可用if引导的虚拟句子来表达虚拟的感叹,如:这里的had表示虚拟,由于工作可能已经完成,也可能没有完成;用only引出虚拟语气句,强调昨天完成工作可能性很小,但当有这种可能性时,是多么好!。
(完整版)if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种:陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议,与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等(即非真实的假设)。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句(虚拟条件句)。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下,有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真实条件状语)If I were you, I would go at once.(非真实条件状语从句)If there was no air, people would die.(非真实条件状语从句)1)非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式(be只用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形①与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间,我就会去散步。
(实际情况:我现在没有时间,也不会去散步。
)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话,我会带上雨伞。
(事实上我不可能是你。
)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员,我会表示拒绝。
if在条件状语从句中的用法归纳
if在条件状语从句中的用法归纳下面是小编整理的一些关于if 在条件状语从句中的用法,希望对大家有帮助。
if是英语中的一个常见词汇,可用作连词和名词,用法多变,意义多样。
无论在口语还是书面语中都是一个常用词,用法灵活,词意多样,需要我们在平时的学习和使用中用心把握if 在条件状语从句中的用法归纳虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断:if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。
假设条件是可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
其形式分为以下三种:(1) 与过去事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。
(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
If I were in your position, I would marry her.如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。
(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。
结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“shou ld(would, could, might) + 动词原形”。
If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it.如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。
虚拟语气讲解
If I had a million dollars now, I would…
如果我有一百万美元,我会为我的家人买一座别墅。 If I had a million dollars now, I would buy a villa(别墅) for my family. 如果我有一百万美元,我会环游世界。 If I had a million dollars now, I would travel around the world. 如果我有一百万美元,我会去购物。 If I had a million dollars now, I would go shopping. 如果我有一百万美元,我会把它捐给慈善机构。 If I had a million dollars now, I would donate it to a charity organizaall match We would have won the match 如果杰克踢进那个球(score that goal), 如果我们还有多几分钟,
如果我们更加刻苦地训练,
如果本(Ben)把球传给了乔(Joe), 如果有成千的球迷为我们尖叫(scream for us), 如果我死死的盯住球(take one’s eyes off sth), 如果我前个晚上不熬夜(stay up late), 如果我们没有掉以轻心(take it easy), 如果我们没有精疲力竭(run out of), 我们本来是会得冠
虚拟(非真实)条件句 主句
与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 相反的 假设
If+主语+动词的过去式 (动词be用were)
主语+should/
If+主语+had +过去分词
虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法
错综条件句
虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动 作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相 应的调整.这种条件句叫错综条件句.
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动 作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符.〔假如 过去... 现在就会... 过去和现在都是与实 际不符的 eg:
表示对将来情况的虚拟
▪ 从句:①if+主语+were to do
▪
②if+主语+should+do
▪
③if+主语+过去式〔be动词用were
▪ 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形
▪ 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
▪ 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.〔事实:来的可能性很小,不可能
▪ 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go
skating.
▪ 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了.〔事实:下雪可能性很小,不可 能
▪ 3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the
matter.
▪ 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末.〔事实:来的可 能性很小,不可能
表示对过去情况的虚拟
▪ 从句:If+主语+过去完成时 ▪ 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done ▪ 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类:1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。
例如:⑴、If I have tim e , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。
)2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
例如:⑴、If I were you , I w ould have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。
)2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
if条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别
if条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别大家好!今天我们来聊聊“if条件状语从句”和“虚拟语气”这两个常让人困惑的语法点。
它们在用法上有点像亲兄弟,但其实各自都有自己独特的“性格”,掌握它们能让你的英语更加地道。
接下来,我就带大家一起轻松搞懂这两个小难题。
1. if条件状语从句首先,让我们从“if条件状语从句”说起。
这种从句的主要作用是表示一个条件,通常用于说明在某个条件下,主句的事情会发生。
简单来说,就是“如果...那么...”的结构。
1.1 常见的用法如果你说:“If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay home.”(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
),这里的“if”表示一个条件,而“we’ll stay home”是这个条件下的结果。
换句话说,只要明天下雨,待在家里就成了我们的选择。
1.2 典型例子另外一个例子:“If I see Jane at the party, I’ll tell her to call you.”(如果我在派对上看到简,我会叫她打电话给你。
)。
这里的条件是“我在派对上看到简”,结果是“我会叫她打电话给你”。
2. 虚拟语气接下来,我们讲讲虚拟语气。
这个语法点有点儿像调皮的小精灵,用来表达一些不太可能发生的事或者我们不现实的愿望。
它主要用来描述与现实相反的情况。
2.1 过去虚拟语气例如:“If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended.”(要是我早知道有会议,我肯定会参加的。
)。
这里的“if I had known”表示一种与过去事实相反的假设,而“would have attended”则是这个假设的结果。
显然,我当时不知道会议,所以没去参加。
2.2 现在虚拟语气再来看一个现在虚拟语气的例子:“If I were rich, I would travel around the world.”(要是我有钱,我就会环游世界。
(完整版)if引导的条件状语从句-虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论:1.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest)一.三种基本形态(1)表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在:did / were would (should, might, could)+do过去:had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)将来:were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出)与现在事实相反:If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与过去事实相反:If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与将来事实相反:If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语)(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、含蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
九年级语法复习-if引导的条件状语从句&虚拟语气
5. You’re always tired .If you_________( not go) to bed so didn’t go late every night , you wouldn’t be tired all the time.
wouldn’t wait would go 6. If I were you ,I _____________(not wait). I ________
Hale Waihona Puke 1. 如果我有一百万美圆,我就会买
一栋大房子.
had a million dollars If I _________________________, I would buy a big house __________________________.
2. 如果我是你, 我就会去那里.
were you would go there If I __________, I _______________.
3. 如果我有一架飞机,我就会环游世 界 had a plane If I __________________, I would travel all over the world _____________________________.
Thanks !!
permission ___________. (permit)
3. Last year, the company won nine ________ (million) dollars. million
4. If I _________ (fail) the exam, my parent would not take failed me to KFC.
if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的三种时态
if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的三种时态哎呀,你问这个问题可真是让我头疼啊!不过,既然你是我朋友,我也不能让你失望。
那我就来给你讲讲if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的三种时态吧!
我们来说说第一种时态:过去式。
这种时态用在假设我们已经知道的事情是不可能实现的情况下。
比如说,如果你问我:“如果我有超能力,我会飞吗?”我就可以回答:“哦,你以前不会飞啊?那你现在也不会飞了。
”这就是过去式的用法。
接下来,我们说说第二种时态:过去完成时。
这种时态用在假设我们已经完成的事情是不可能实现的情况下。
比如说,如果你问我:“如果我昨天赢了一百万彩票,我现在会有这么多钱吗?”我就可以回答:“哦,你昨天赢了一百万啊?那你现在肯定没有这么多钱了。
”这就是过去完成时的用法。
我们说说第三种时态:过去将来时。
这种时态用在假设我们将来会做的事情是不可能实现的情况下。
比如说,如果你问我:“如果我明天中了五百万大奖,我现在会有这么多钱吗?”我就可以回答:“哦,你明天中五百万啊?那你现在肯定没有这么多钱了。
”这就是过去将来时的用法。
好了,我知道你可能还是有点云里雾里的。
但是,只要你记住这三个时态的用法,以后遇到类似的问题就不会再犯愁了。
这只是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气的一小部分内容。
如果你还想了解更多关于英语语法的知识,欢迎随时来找我聊天哦!。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句;只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气;通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气;1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态;即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”;也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示;②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示;③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示;主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式;例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项:①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序;②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were;二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境;而事实上得到了你们的帮助the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿;事实天气不好I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我再读一遍;事实上我不是你time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话,我再写一遍;事实上时间不允许it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里;事实上现在下雪would I do if I were in your place要是我处于你地位我会怎么办事实上我不在你的位置上he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车;可是他不着急8. If I were you, I should buy it. 从句用过去式动词were,主句用动词原形buy9. If I had time, I would study French. 如果有时间,我会学习法文;从句用过去式动词had,主句用动词原形study10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英文,她就不必要我帮了;从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask 注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking例如:⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误;事实上你没有听我的劝告⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这样好的小说;事实上我和农民生活了五年⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我,我就不会来参加你的舞会;事实上你邀请了我⑷、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我是可能来上学的;事实上我生病了⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱;事实上他违法了⑹、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了;事实上我不是注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词+……⑺、If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking⑴、I f I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题,我会用另外一种方法的;⑵、I f you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情,就会受到惩罚;⑶、I f I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话,我会取得更大的进步;事实上我不可能努力学习⑷、I f it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家里;根据天气情况,明天不可能下雨⑸、I f he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了,我就能够向他请教;事实上他来的可能性很小⑹、I f he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话,我将和他一起做此事;事实上他来的可能性很小⑺、If it should rain, the crops would be saved.从句动词用should rain,主句动词用be 如果天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了;⑻、If he were here, I would give him the books.从句动词用were, 主句动词用give 如果他在这儿,我可能会把书给他;注意:如果动作在进行中,从句不是主句要用:"If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词+……"⑼、If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let如果她现在留在这儿,我可能会让她骑我的马;。
if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别
1.if引导的条件状语从句所引导的是原因状语,可以是现实生活中已经出现的真实事件或有可能出现的事情,发生的可能性较大。
而虚拟语气所引导的往往是非真实的,对于过去,现在或将来的虚拟或推断,发生的可能性较小,或已经不可能发生了可以从2个角度去区分:1。
时态A,由if引导的条件状语从句通常都是主句为一般将来时,从句为一般现在时。
B,而在虚拟语气中,时态都是有很多,往往都是根据句子的含义判断,究竟是与现在,过去还是将来的事实相反。
2。
真实与非真实A,由if引导的条件状语从句一般都是真实的,只要所谓的条件成立,一定会成为事实B,但虚拟语气并非如此,if,既然是虚拟,就一定是非真实的,可以根据句意判断其是...条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
unless = if not. 例如:Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我们去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案A。
句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。
可转化为 If you don't leave immediately, you will be late。
B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.虚拟语气1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项:①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:(一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其句子结构为:从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ,,,主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ,,例:1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境。
(而事实上得到了你们的帮助)2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气if导的条件状语从句可以分为两类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
凡是假设的情况发生可能性很大,就是真实条件句;当假设不太可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
下面我们一起看看在条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
1)表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其句子结构为:从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be 用were)+…主句:主语+would( should, could, might)+动词原形+……If I were you, I would read it again.如果我是你的话,我再读一遍。
(事实上我不是你)If he hurried. he could catch the first bus.他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。
(可他不急)If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英文,她就不必要找我帮忙了。
2)表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+had+过去分词+“主句:主语should,could,might)+have+过去分词+....If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯错了.If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。
If I hadn't been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我就来上学了。
(事实上我生病了)If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.如果你在上个学期用功一些,你就会通过考试了。
if引导条件状语从句虚拟语气
虚气是一法点,了学便于理解与,我把虚气分红三大来:1.名从句中的虚气2.条件从句中的虚气志 +should+ 原形①三种基本②倒装虚句③混虚句④委婉虚句⑤跳虚句3.其余情况中的虚气( wish/would rather/It ’s high time ⋯/If only ⋯/lest )一.三种基本形( 1)表虚的 if从句形式主句形式在: did / were would (should, might, could)+do去: had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)未来: were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形( 2)(是基,建牢下边的例句,争取能信口开河)与在事相反: If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与去事相反: If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与未来事相反: If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚句(只好与去/ 未来事相反,省去if ,只有三种倒装形式)Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混淆虚气(主假如抓住状)( 去事虚 +在事虚 )If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.( 在事虚 +去事虚 )If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、委婉虚句(在四考中当前未出此考点,但在中常)3.虚气用在主从句中。
if 条件句虚拟语气
If条件状语从句虚拟语气三种时态1、对现在情况的虚拟条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。
(事实上我不是你)注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were.2、对过去情况的虚拟条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。
(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)3、对将来情况的虚拟在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。
should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice,all would be wise.假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。
(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)注意:在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had 或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。
if引导的条件状语从句用法
if引导的条件状语从句用法
条件状语从句是由if引导的从句,用于表达条件的情况。
在使用
条件状语从句时,需要注意以下几点:
1.结构:条件状语从句一般由if引导,后面跟着主句。
主句可以
通过if从句的情况来说明结果或者后果。
例子:If it rains, we will stay indoors.(如果下雨,我们
就会呆在室内。
)
2.时态:如果条件状语从句描述的是将来的情况,通常将来时态
在条件从句中使用,而在主句中使用一般将来时。
例子:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你
努力学习,你就会通过考试。
)
3.虚拟语气:在条件状语从句中,如果描述的是与事实相反或不
可能实现的假设,通常使用虚拟语气。
例子:If I were rich, I would buy a big house.(如果我有钱,我就会买一栋大房子。
)这里的"If I were"是对现实情况的假设。
拓展:
除了用于条件从句中,if还经常用于其他类型的从句,如时间状
语从句(if引导的时间状语从句常用于表示"每当"或"如果"的意思)、方式状语从句(if引导的方式状语从句可以表示一种条件或介绍某种
方式,例如"If possible"表示"如果可能的话")等。
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虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论:1.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest)一.三种基本形态(1)表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在:did / were would (should, might, could)+do过去:had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)将来:were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出)与现在事实相反:If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与过去事实相反:If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与将来事实相反:If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语)(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、含蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...”中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。
What would I have done without you?But for their help, I would not have finished the task.But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.五、跳层虚拟句(即句子一半为虚拟,另一半为陈述语气;but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟)(but)He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反) (or, or else, otherwise)I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反)六、名词从句虚拟语气(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。
形容词:astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。
名词从句虚拟语气(3) 过去分词:decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词:advice, decision, desire, demand,suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等七、其它虚拟语气Wish…I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反)I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反)I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反)If only…If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反)If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反)If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)It is (high/about) time…It is time you thought about your future.would rather…I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反) I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)Lest…, in case…, for fear that…(引导的是目的状语从句,但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟),这是因它们答案特征相同,即(should)+动词原形。
eg.He took his umbrella lest it should rain.大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词(名词,动词,形容词,分词等)以及lest.2. 一般过去时:wish/If only…/would rather/It’s time (high/about) that….3.基本形式(主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)4.倒装的两个时间:与过去,与将来相反;三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写,if省去;5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个必考的考点。
其中,最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。
一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should +do(其中should可以省略)的虚拟语气形式。
该类动词包括:(1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)、suggest(建议)等。
(2)四级常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、prefer(宁愿)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。
(3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge (极力主张)、vote(提议)等。
例句:I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam.如果你们想考试及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。
特别提示:在复习时,可以把相似用法归类记忆。
当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句(以动词advise为例):(1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)(2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)(3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词派生的形容词+that 引导的主语从句)(4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句)(5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句)(6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should +do的虚拟语气形式,其中,should 可以省略。
由上类动词派生的常考名词有:advice(忠告)、deciion(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、order(命令)、preference(偏爱)、proposal(建议)、recommendation(劝告)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。