2012年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：M: Well, just keep your arm straight there. Fine, there will be a little prick like a mosquito bite. OK? There we go. Ok, I will send that sample off and we’ll check it. If the sample is ok, we won’t need to go on seeing you anymore. W: So you think I’m getting better? M: Absolutely. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?1．A．The woman’s condition is critical.B．The woman has been picking up quite well.C．The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D．The woman won’t see the doctor any more.正确答案：B解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。
女士问医生是不是好转了，医生回答说当然，故答案为B。
选项C是干扰项，医生让女病人伸直手臂，并说会有向蚊子叮咬的刺痛，prick的含义是“刺痛”。
听力原文：W: It’s Mr. Cong, isn’t it?M: That’s right. I saw you six months ago with a broken finger.W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?M: It’s fine.W: What can we do for you today?M: Well, I’ve been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. It started two months ago.They seem to come on quite suddenly, and I get dizzy spell as well. Q: What is the trouble in the man now?2．A．A broken finger.B．A terrible cough.C．Frontal headaches.D．Eye problem.正确答案：C解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。
2012全国医学考博英语真题+答案详解
20201212年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题试卷一(Paper one)Part l Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The questionwill be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET。
Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.The woman's condition is critical.B.The woman has been picking up quite well.C.The woman's illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D.The woman won't see the doctor any more.2. A.A broken finger. B.A terrible cough.C.Frontal headaches.D.Eye problem.3. A.She needs a physical examination. B.She is in good health.C.It's good to have a doctor friend.D.It's good to visit the doctor.4. A.He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B.He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C.He doesn't mind eating a lot every day.D.He is overcautious sometimes.5. A.The blouse is a bargain. B.The blouse is too expensive.C.The blouse is colorful.D.The blouse is so fashionable.6. A.To queue for a ticket. B.To take man's offer.C.To buy a ticket online.D.To try an agency.17. A.She disagrees with the man.B.She couldn't agree with the man more.C.It's hard for them to fulfill their plans.D.It's impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A.One minute. B.Fifteen minutes.C.Half an hour.D.Five minutes.9. A.She is freezing cold. B.She is crazy about ice cream.C.She has a headache.D.She has brain fever.10. A.She can't wait for the man. B.She is very eager to see the man.C.She will go to the USA with the man.D.She expects the man to stay.11. A.A cold. B.A headache.C.A hoarse voice.D.Insomnia.12. A.To go to Susan for advice. B.To try to think like Susan.C.To break up with Susan.D.To have a date with Susan.13. A.She will become a famous singer soon. B.She will become an American idol.C.She will sign up for a talent show.D.She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A.To take a month off work. B.To rest in bed as much as possible.C.To take some herbal medicine.D.To put on plaster.15. A.The Chinese face cream. B.The American face cream.C.The French perfume.D.The medication.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One16. A.White blood cell count. B.Red blood cell count.C.X-ray.D.ECG.17. A.Too much work to do. B.A heavy load of studying.C.Her daughter's sickness.D.Her insufficient income.18. A.Leukemia. B.Gastric ulcer.C.Immune disease.D.Gastric influenza.19. A.Take the white tablets three times a day. B.Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C.Take one or two white tablets at a time.D.Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A.Stay off work. B.Drink plenty of liquids.C.Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D.Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A.35million. B.34million. C.25million. D.20million.22. A.Author,professor and dreamer B.Writer,professor and insomniac.C.Author,psychologist and insomniac.D.Dramatist,psychologist and scientist.23. A.Sleeping in8-hour consolidated blocks.B.Sleeping during day time.C.Going to bed soon after dark.2D.Two blocks of4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B.Because they sleep very little.C.Because they are insensitive.D.Because they can't complain.25. A.Sleep is highly variable,and wears out with age.B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A.Eight-year-olds. B.Twelve-year-olds.C.Seventeen-year-olds.D.Adults.27. A.The use off MRI. B.The use of computer tasks.C.The three-way division of the subjects.D.The instructions given to the subjects.28. A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B.12-year-olds function the same as8-year-olds.C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A.Not bad. B.Excellent.C.Not so good.D.Got it wrong this time.30. A.Scientists. B.The general public.C.Teachers at the kindergarten.D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the statements are incomplete,beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Her dietician suggested that_____diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.A.temperateB.temporaryC.tentativeD.tempting32.His health compels him to______in his early30s.e offB.knock offC.drop offD.pull off33.Two days later he regained his consciousness,forgetful of what had happened in the______A.transparencyB.transiencyC.tranceD.trace34.Despite financial belt-tightening this year,Christmas still represents a great time for_____A.arroganceB.surveillanceC.indulgenceD.turbulence35.A succession of______visits by the two countries'leaders have taken their relations out ofthe cooler over the past20months.A.reciprocalB.receptiveC.repulsiveD.Redundant36.The prime minister,beset by______support rate,made the decision to resign over theweekend to avoid a political vacuum.A.spontaneousB.strenuousC.soaringD.sluggish,337.Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for2,753dishes and drinksto______public opinions.A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate38.The greatest risk for rickets is in______breastfed infants who are not supplemented with400 IU of Vitamin D a day.A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionately39.The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_______to every remote village for the improvement of farmers'livelihoods.A.gridB.grantC.groveD.grandeur40.Social scientists believe that societies with a_______of young men without hope of marriage suffer from instability,violence and surges in crime.A.swarmageB.hatchC.gangD.surplusSection BDirections:In this section you each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word orphrase which are best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted forthe underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She,a crazy fan,felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.A.glimpseB.gustC.panicD.pack42.She could never transcend her resentments against her mother's partiality for her brother.A.disciplineplainC.conquerD.defy43.One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind,nor compromise with it.A.belittleB.exaggerateC.ponderD.eliminate44.In light of his good record,the police accepted defense.A.In place ofB.In view ofC.In spite ofD.In search of45.City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.A.accusedB.punishedC.dismissedD.suspended46.An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April2009.A.attached toB.ascribed toposed ofD.related to47.When a forest goes ablaze,it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds,including carbon monoxide.A.puts outB.passes offC.pulls outD.sends out48.Unfortunately,the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake,so they had to do thewhole thing again from scratch.A.from the beginningB.from now onC.from time to timeD.from the bottom49.Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research thatpromises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.A.administersB.nurturesC.inspiresD.ensures50.Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides forthe disruption of human hormones.A.disturbanceB.distractionC.intersectionD.interpretation4Part III C l oze(10%)Directions:In this section there is passage with ten numbered blanked.For each blank,there are choices marked A,B,C and D listed below the passage.Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dear Dr.Benjamin,Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to51health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher one of52mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy53concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles--a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that54prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform,we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing,56promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office,focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that57calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are58aware,physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions--such as heart disease,type II diabetes,and obesity–that currently plague our country.Your example as59whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would60the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.Again,Dr,Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.Sincerely,James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSMPresident,American College of Sports Medicine51. A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing52. A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own53. A.around B.above C.at D.across54. A.promoted B.promoting C.having been promoting D.having been promoted55. A.put B.got C.sits D.stands56. A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also57. A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally558. A.well B.better C.the very D.the most59. A.those B.one C.this D.it60. A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebratePart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneAs the defining epidemic of a modem age notable for overconsumption and excess,obesity is hard to beat.The increased availability of high-fat,high-sugar foods,along with more sedentary lifestyles,has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond400million,and the number of overweight to more than1.6billion.By2015,those figures are likely to grow to700 million and2.3billion respectively,according to the World Health Organization.Given the health implications--increased risk of heart disease,stroke,diabetes and some cancers--anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing,right?Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop"diet pills"that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine,which works by inducing a sense of fullness,is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention.There are several reasons for this.For a start,the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight,such as limiting what you eat,increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise,are beneficial for our health in many ways.Second,overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet.Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat.As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth,technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third,interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person's personality and their mental and physical health.We need two approaches:more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible,and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death.Cynics will say we've tried education and it hasn't worked.That is defeatist:getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort,held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need,and by the food industry's ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few--as a last resort.But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.61.In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect________A.a close link between growing obese and developing diseaseB.the inevitable diseases of modem civilizationC.the war against the epidemic we have lostD.the urgency of the global phenomenon62.When it comes to the recently reported diet pills,the author would say that________6A.drags are no replacement of preventionB.the technical advance is not necessarily good newsC.the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemicD.the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified63.Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author'sargument?A.Belittling good health behavior.B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.C.Making trouble for our social environment.D.Having implications for mental and physical health.64.The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_________A.their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foodsB.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesityC.their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesityD.the defeatism prevailing in the general populations65.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.No Quick FixB.Disease of CivilizationC.Pursuing a Technical FixD.A War on Global ObesityPassage TwoAn abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks.A$700million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown22miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg,housing2,000residents by2010.The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience.""You'll be able to experience China,go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,"says Stefan Kunigam,managing director of Bandenburg-China -Project-Management GmbH.The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China,reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office."Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here."He says."The cultural environment is very important for them.You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown."Germany is home to about72,000Chinese migrants(2002Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early1930s in Hamburg,when most of the city's2,000Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis.German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government,reports Deutsche Welle(DW),Germany's international broadcaster.DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families"at first went largely uncriticized."Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,"DW quotes Miriam Gruss,a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian."Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society.It's not a minor phenomenon."The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy andTolerance program in January2007as part of its tolerance-building efforts.7While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown,developers hope the project will increase Germans'understanding for China and Chinese culture.66.If set up,according to the passage,the new German Chinatown will probably be_______A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany67.When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown,Lang means_______A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the importance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture68.By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany,the author most probablymeans that_________A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is important to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there69.According to the passage,German anti-foreigner extremismA.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme70.The message from the plan is clear:A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chinese's understanding of GermanyPassage ThreeThe American research university is a remarkable institution,long a source of admiration and wonder.The idyllic(田园诗的),wooded campuses,the diversity and energy of the student populations,and,most of all,the sheer volume of public and private resources available to nm them,have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside,however,everything is not quite so rosy.Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools,which have separate healthcare and finance issues,the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments.The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions.One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done.Many argue that in a host of areas--ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science--much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature.And there is a sense that,notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration,the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.8A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system.In a country where most things are highly fluid,the fields covered by departments,as well as the pecking order(权势等级)between them,have remained largely unchanged for many years.Aspeople and money have flowed,particularly over the past twenty years,to the south and the southwest,the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California.League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order,even over several decades.Another,perhaps more contentious,issue concerns the relevance of the modem research university to the community it serves.The established model,whatever else its strengths and weaknesses,reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career.But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?71.The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university_______A.in a unique wayB.in a jealous toneC.in the eyes of outsidersD.out of personal admiration72.The traditional model of the US research university________A.determines the complexity of the single-discipline departmentB.is well established with competition among its departmentsC.ensures the success and prestige of each single departmentD.is characterized by the department-based structure73.The structure of the US research university,the author contends,needs to be stretched_____A.to change the way scientific research is done along the disciplineB.to promote individuality and creativity in doing scienceC.to address the current interdisciplinary challengesD.to advance the discipline-based department74.In addition to the department-based structure,the pecking order_______A.remains unchallenged as the name of the gameB.fosters unfair competition at the American institutionC.contributes to insufficient interdisciplinary collaborationD.makes uneven allocations of financial resource among the US universities75.What can be inferred from the question:But how does it serve a society in which people mayhave to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?A.The American societal structure has an impact on that of the research university.B.College students need to be trained to be dedicated to the social value of science.C.The modem research university ought to change the way it serves the middle class.D.The established model serves as an obstacle to the best service of the society.Passage FourScience and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows.Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change,where it is now time for emergency counseling.One point repeatedly made at last week's climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not a job of scientists.Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do,but at this stage climatescientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the2007report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,for two reasons.9First,models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it:"Tell me what the stock market will do in100years and I will tell you what the climate will do."Second as most climate scientists will agree,their role is not toformulate policy.They can provide more or less apocalyptic(大灾预测的)scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds,from burning forests to disappearing islands.But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out,the answer is,invariably,how much risk do you want to take?There are ways out of the deadlock.As the major climate negotiations in December approach,scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens.Some may feel uncomfortable with blurting the line between science and activism,but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions.Politicians,for their part,should stop begging climatologists for easy answers.What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray–people who are willing and able to weight up the risks,costs and benefits of various degrees of action.If all else fails,there may still be the safety net of geoengineering.As we have said on several occasions,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy.Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers,but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions,cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card;it has dangers of its own.The military are already taking an interest,raising the spectre of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.76.In the case global warning,scientists_______A.tend to be more conservative than politiciansB.are in no position to offer a definite answerC.never trust politicians as in other casesD.feel incapable more than ever before77.Speaking of climate change,politicians______A.don't like it when scientists are indirectB.never see eye to eye with scientists thereC.seldom want to play the game with scientistsD.are left puzzled over the formulation of policy78.To bridge the gap between the two sides,according to the passage,scientists are supposedto_______A.act with more concern and enthusiasmB.discard their prejudice towards politiciansC.be definite enough to offer informed opinionsD.do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment79.For their part,politicians ought to be reasonable and_______A.pick up the right scientists for informed opinionsB.place policy and decision in the hands of scientistsC.receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia10D.choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction80.The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of________A.the other alternatives in the matterB.the climate weapon as a double-edged swordC.the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientistsD.the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governmentsPassage FiveYou are what you eat notwithstanding,it is only recently that most consumers have become interested in the technical details of their food's composition,production and transport.With obesity and climate change now major concerns,and"localvore"and"food miles"entering the lexicon,shoppers are clamoring for information.And many food companies are happy to supply it, resulting in a dizzying array of multicolored labels and claims.But not everyone is happy.A proposed law in Indiana is the latest attempt in the United States to ban milk labels proclaiming that the cows from whence the milk came were not treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone(rBGH,also called recombinant bovine somatotropin or rbST).This hormone,produced by engineered bacteria,is virtually identical to the cow's own and can increase milk production by10-15%.There are two bad arguments for banning such labels.The f~t--that it is impossible to determine from the milk whether the cow was injected with rBGH--is the reason cited in the bill language.The second--that proliferation of"no rBGH"labels will train consumers to distrust the product--is the real motivation.The first argument can be disposed of easily:it is already illegal to make false claims about a product.The second argument may seem more convincing.There is no firm scientific evidence that injecting cows with rBGH affects human health in any way,but prevalent labeling touting the absence of rBGH would suggest to consumers that there are some differences.The mandating(颁布)of an additional phrase such as that agreed last month in Pennsylvania--"No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows" ---ameliorates(减轻)this problem.There are good reasons not to ban accurate labels.More information means that consumers can be more discerning,and not just about their own health.They can vote with their purchases for farming practices they prefer.And if a company wants to use a technology with a bad reputation,it is the firm's responsibility to educate the consumer about why it is beneficial.If consumers choose irrationally to reject it,that is their prerogative(特权).Capitalism thrives on the irrationality of consumers,from their noted fear of smelling bad,to their preference for redness in apples,farmed salmon and fast-food signage(标记).Indeed,if consumers were suddenly to become rational,an economic cataclysm(大灾难) would result,as households in all the rich nations would cut their consumption to only what they really needed.Such a crash would no doubt make the current economic doldrums(萧条)look like the mildest hiccup(打嗝)。
旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力
旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力上册目录目录《考博英语一本通》系列丛书序言3考博英语一本通使用说明5第一部分考试指南7一、博士研究生考试指南7二、考博前期准备8三、导师联系和公关13四、专业和院校选择19五、专业课复习策略20六、资料和真题收集方法22七、面试技巧23第二部分医学考博英语复习指导25一、全国医学博士外语统一考试简介25二、全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲26三、全国医学博士英语统一考试试题分析27四、医学考博英语复习策略32第三部分考博英语专项突破35第一章词汇突破——大规模记忆词汇的方法35医学考博英语词汇题型概述及考情分析35第一节、概述35第二节、大规模记忆词汇的基本方法37第三节、词缀39第四节、词汇解题思路43第五节、考博词汇综合练习（Exercise One- Exercise Twelve）53第二章阅读理解84医学考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析84第一节、核心理论－化繁为简去伪存真86第二节、解题技巧1－框架结构阅读模版90第三节、解题技巧2－问题类型解题要点102第四节、精准定位－原文命题高发考点118第五节、精准理解－高频词汇长难词句124第六节、阅读理解实战讲解133第七节、阅读理解综合练习137第三章完形填空153医学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析153第一节概述:考试目的和内容156第二节解题方法：一个中心157第三节解题方法：两个结构之层层递进158第四节解题方法：两个结构之对立观点160第五节解题方法：三个层次之篇章161第六节解题方法：三个层次之语法164第七节解题方法：三个层次之词汇165第八节完形填空综合练习(Exercise One-Ten) 167第四章英语写作179医学考博英语写作题型概述及考情分析179第一节、摘要写作概述179第二节、英文摘要写作180第三节、英文短文写作技巧185第五章语法197医学考博英语语法概述及考情分析197第一节语法概述197第二节动词的时态和语态198第三节非谓语动词203第四节虚拟语气210第五节从句213第六节强调与倒装218第四部分医学考博英语历年真题2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析235 2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2522015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2562015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析271 2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2832014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2882014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析303 2014年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文319下册目录第四部分医学考博英语历年真题（续）32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析17 2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文242012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题292012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析41 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文472011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷512011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析622011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文682010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题712010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析84 2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文892009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题922009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析103 2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文109 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1132008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析123 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文129 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1322007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析143 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文148 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1522006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析163 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文168 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1722005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析183 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文188 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1912004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析203 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文209 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2122003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析224 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文231 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2362002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析249 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文255 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2602001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析274 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文281第五部分参考资料284参考资料1:全国博士英语统一考试高频词组284参考资料2:考博英语形近易混淆词总结284参考资料3:考博英语完形填空常考词组及固定搭配汇总284参考资料4:考博英语万能写作模板284参考资料5:医学考博英语写作必记分类词汇284参考资料6:全国博士英语统一考试词汇大纲(医学）284。
医学博士考试01-06试题 加详解
2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
2012年英语高考试题答案及解析-广东
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）A英语解析本试卷共三部分，共12页。
满分135分,考试用时120分钟。
I . 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节: 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1―15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该题涂黑。
We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be 1 to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are 2 wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong..Rules can help the public make the right 3 ,and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent 4 .If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be 5 for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7.Sometimes it may not be so easy to know 8 what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is 9 to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and 10 be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so 11 when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is 12.Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to _13_ others. However, some people argue that rules may be __14_, having observed that rules change all the time , and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones ----so who is to _ 15____ what is right ?1. A .kind B. sensitive C. fair D. generous2. A .equally B. slightly C. clearly D .increasingly3. A .suggestions B. conclusions C. turns D. choices4. A. accidents B. mistakes C .falls D .deaths5. A . interesting B. vital C. easy D. valuable6. A. seldom B. rarely C. merely D. never7. A. trouble B. power C. prison D. control8. A. roughly B. eventually C. deliberately D. exactly9. A. awful B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unnecessary10. A . still B. even C. later D .somehow11. A. nervous B. anxious C. afraid D. guilty12. A. begging B .starving C .growing D .wandering13. A. follow B. instruct C. treat D. protect14. A . disgusting B. confusing C .unsafe D . unimportant15 . A. predict B explain C. decide D. consider本文是一篇说明文，说明规章有助于人们辨别是非，作出正确选择，也有助于人与人的和睦相处，但有时判断是非也不容易。
医学博士英语试题及答案
医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案收集：博大教育专家来源：/article-5950.html?page=4第三篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color."Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter." he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.”41. John Hayes points out in a recent study thatA. it is healthy to eat food without salt.B. many people reject low-salt food completely.C. food with less salt tastes better.D. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.【答案】：D42. The fourth paragraph describes brieflyA. the purpose of the study.B. the analysis of the research results.C. the research methodology.D. the conclusion of the study.【答案】：C43. The article argues that supertastersA. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.B. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.C. consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters.【答案】：A44. In paragraph 6, the word "pronounced" is closest in meaning toA. weary.B. strong.C. weak.D. strange.【答案】：B45. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity isA. developed over time after birth.B. related to one's eye and hair color.C. still unknown to scientists.D. genetically determined.【答案】：D第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（新课标全国卷）真题及答案（wo..
绝密启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至14页。
第Ⅱ卷15至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小脱.从题中所给的A. B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2.At what time will the film begin?A.7:20B.7:15C.7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 根据男士的话Fewer people came than we had expected，可知募捐仪式来的人比预料的少。
2. C 根据男士的话allowing acid content to flow into the esophagus(让酸性物质流进食道)可知这是关于胃的疾病。
3. A 根据女士的话I understand that this office helps students with housing，is that fight 可知这是校园内公寓管理办公室。
4. C 根据文中we've acted for hours，Let's get something to eat，We'd be able to feel better with a little nutrition(我们吃点东西就会好子)可知他们是筋疲力尽了。
5. C 根据文中you and some friends are organizing a cruise to Maldives以及Alone if I have to可知即使是没有朋友，他也会自己一个人去航行。
6. C 根据男士的话I'm afraid to have the runs(恐怕我拉肚子了)以及女士的话Are you going to the toilet often(你经常上厕所吗)可知男士的病是腹泻。
diarrhea腹泻。
revert返祖现象。
nausea恶心。
a running nose流鼻涕。
7. A 根据对话，女士已检查过男士的伤口，并清除了玻璃片，给伤口消过毒，根据女士的话The next thingI should do is to stitch you up可知下一件事是缝合男士的伤口。
北京大学2012年考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
北京大学2012年考博英语真题及详解Part One:Listening Comprehension(略)Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(15%)Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.11.A survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food shoppingexperience and are happy to_____their way around the aisles searching out products.A.driveB.steerC.navigateD.voyage【答案】C【解析】句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性相当享受自己购买食物的过程，而且喜欢在超市过道来回穿梭搜寻产品。
navigate绕过；导航。
steer引导；驾驶。
voyage远航；旅行。
12.We’ve seen a_____trend of consumers saying they will spend more,fromholiday shopping to2012travel plans,and spending plans for Feb14are no exception.A.consistentB.persistentC.insistentD.resistant【答案】A【解析】句意：我们已经看到，无论是假日购物还是2012年旅游计划，消费者一致倾向于消费更多，并且2月14日的消费计划也不例外。
全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案版
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite a ll the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to_______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examination Key: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethalKey: B43. at odds withA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC. varietyD. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offenseKey: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC. jealousyD. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stake Key: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociously Key: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotion Key: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessible to D. susceptible to Key: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is saidKey: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if anyKey: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C. insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus__________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner。
2012年英语试博士试题
Ⅰ.Complete each of the following sentences with the best answer. (0.5’*40)1.Until he took off his glasses __________.A. I didn’t recognize himB. I hadn’t recognized himC. didn’t I recognize himD. hadn’t I recognized him2.We can __________ that after some time our farmers will be able to __________ international competition.A. expect; fit themselvesB. presume; adjust toC. assume; adapt toD. suppose; get used to3. A good reader can tell the difference between words that sound __________, and know ____________ to usethem.A. like; why and howB. alike; why and whereC. like how and whereD. alike; when and how4.90 percent of all English writing ____________ 1,000 basic words.A. is consistedB. consist ofC. consists ofD. consisted5.____________ to develop his talent, Adam could become an excellent artist.A. AllowedB. AllowingC. Being allowedD. Have been allowed6.Don’t ever drive past a hitchhiker, ____________?A. will youB. don’t youC. do youD. can you7.As a senior professor she should have known better ____________ to get involved in such a scandal.A. and notB. but notC. thanD. than not8.His power was seriously ____________ by a succession of crises, and when he died, a bitter power struggle____________.A. weakened; was ensuedB. eroded; ensuedC. damaged; followedD. reduced; occurred9.Leonardo da Vinci ____________ caged birds in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. was said to buyB. is said to buyC. has said to buyD. is said to have bought10.In China, customers pay far less for a DVD than ____________ countries.A. those in manyB. in manyC. those in many otherD. in many other11.____________dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A. AlthoughB. whateverC. AsD. However12.The party, ____________I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which13.If only I ____________ play the guitar as well as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might14.It’s high time we ____________ cutting down the rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop15.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____________ impossible to comprehend.A. has foundB. was findingC. had foundD. would find16.Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone____________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to haveB. must haveC. may haveD. should have17.I am surprised____________ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking18.Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not____________ for her work.A. enough goodB. good enoughC. as good enoughD. good as enough19.It is imperative that the government ____________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has tond belongs to the city; there is ____________ thing as private ownership of land.A. no such aB. not suchC. not such aD. no such21.My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk____________far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as22.The statistics ____________ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove23.There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ____________ the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don’t countD. having not counted24.It was ____________we had hopedA. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as25.There used to be a petrol station near the park, ____________?A. didn’t itB. doesn’t thereC. usedn’t it?D. didn’t there26.It is an offence to show ____________ against people of different races.A. distinctionB. differenceC.separationD. discrimination27.A great amount of work has gone into ____________ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A. refreshingB. restoringC. renovatingD. renewing28.The thieves fled with the local police close on their ____________.A. backsB. necksC. toesD. heels29.The economic recession has meant that job____________ is a rare thing.A. securityB. safetyC. protectionD. secureness30.Many people nowadays save money to ____________ for their old age.A. caterB. supplyC. provideD. equip31.The tone of the article ____________ the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated32.The job of a student accommodation officer____________ a great many visits to landladies.A. concernsB. offersC. asksD. involves33.Our family doctor’s clinic ____________at the junction of two busy roads.A. restsB. standsC. staysD. seats34.She was so fat that she could only just ____________ through the door.A. assembleB. appearC. squeezeD. gather35.After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ____________.A. leakingB. tricklingC. prominentD. noticeable36.The reception was attended by ____________ members of the local community.A. excellentB. conspicuousC. prominentD. noticeable37.Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ____________slightly in the afternoon.A. regainedB. recoveredC. restoredD. revived38.His ____________ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A. richB. quickC. productiveD. fertile39.The couple has donated a not____________ amount of money to the foundation.A. inconsiderableB. inconsiderateC. inaccurateD. incomparable40.I hear that it is estimated that the number of people ____________ less than one dollar a day has____________ one billion worldwide.A. relying on; gone up toB. living on; exceededC. depending on; reached overD. living with; surpassedⅡ.Proofreading and error correction (1’*10)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline it and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “︿” sign and write the missing word in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary w ord with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Many artist today are in what is called applied art. They usetheir ability in advertise, interior decoration, or some similar job. 41. ________ But people in business which hire the artists for that kind of wok 42. ________say that simple artist ability is not enough. There are lots of young 43. ________people who have that. But not enough of them who know anything 44. ________about physics, or mechanical things, or math.To be a druggist you have to study chemistry. You can’t learnchemistry without knowing something about algebra.How about a nurse? One of the requiring subjects in a course of 45. ________nursing is known to “materia medica”. In “materia medica” you’ll46. ________learn how to figure out doses and prepare for medicines. Algebra is 47. ________important in doing the figuring. Too many student nurses flunk outof the course because of their weak math.It’s the same for many trades. If you want to be a crafts-man, 48. ________a machinist, a molder, and a patternmaker, you’ll need algebra and49. ________geometry and even trigonometry.Even you want to go into business for yourself, you’ll need50. _______math. Business today, whether it is running a little gas station or abig factory, takes good management. Good management takes mathematics.Ⅲ.Reading comprehension (2*20)Text AAmerica’s most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as E-Rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-minute essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more then a point.It’s one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and contents. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays.Of course, the machine cannot “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If I’m unique, I might not fall under the scoring instructions,” concedes Frede ric McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. One the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: a pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two read ers. “It’s not intended to judge a person’s creativity,” says Darrel Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “It’s to give students a chance to construct a response instead of just pointing at a bubble.”That won’t reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply can’t be reduced to rigid adjective plussubject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimensions that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsman, a professor of English education at Teachers Colleges of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategies for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore”, and the computers just might think you’re Dickens.51.E-Rater is described as __________.A. a substitute for GMATB.America’s most relentless examinerC. a machine to grade bubble-filling papersD. a computer-grading system52.In paragraph two, the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to __________.A.understand student essaysB.report scoresC.recognize a wrong bubbleD.judge a person’s creativity53.Frederic McHale implies that if the test taker is unique, he would __________.A.get a top gradeB.get an average gradeC.be at an advantageD.be at a disadvantage54.It seems that Professor Schaafsman agrees with __________.A. traditionalistsB. Darrell LahamC. supporters of E-RaterD. the Kplan course designers55.What is the implied meaning of “the computer just might think you’re Dickens”?A.It thinks you are great at tests.B.It thinks you are doing great.C.It thinks your essay is with great wording.D.It thinks your essay is written by Dickens himself.Text BAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like theU.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”.It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.56. From the passage we can infer taboo is__.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.B. a crime committed on impulse.C. behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes.D. an unfavorable impression left on other people.57. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” __ in American society.A. will always remain a taboo.B. is not considered a taboo by most people.C. has long been a taboo.D. may no longer be a taboo some day.58. The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than.59. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is__.A. their changed life-style.B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful.C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise.D. the encouragement they have received from their companies.Text CA 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment takes priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catc h traffic violators.”Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since “kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America,” says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual… Passing laws is one thing,” it admits, “applying them another.”It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid-1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime “by improving citizens’ awareness about public safety, by improving residents’ attitudes and behavior in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighborhood and byreducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.”Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers.In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Police-community relations committees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums.The London newspaper the indep endent commented: “As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organizing the defense of their own communities in increasing numbers.” And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun. Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukraine, points out that according to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding “unique me thods of carrying on criminal activity” that “the training of law enforcement personnel” cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society and “gaining for themselves high positions in society.”60. What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defense of themselves?A.there are not enough policemenB.they do not trust the rule of lawC.the police force is inefficientD.security devices do not work61. A neighborhood watch scheme will probably do all the following EXCEPT ___________A. helping to install anti-theft devicesB. raising citizens’ consciousness of community safetyC. helping citizens to claim a lost propertyD. encouraging citizens to report suspicious events62. According to the author, the outlook for ending crime is _______________A.rosyB.unclearC.hard to describeD.bleak63. According to the Time Magazine, the measures taken by governments in Latin America _____________.A. will have much effect at onceB. focuses on increasing the size of the police forceC. are intended to catch more traffic violatorsD. are seemingly strong but will have little effectText DIt has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation,the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycle’s past existence.If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on t he Sun’s magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.64. The author focuses primarily on ______________ .A.two competing scientific models concerning the sun’s magnetic fieldB.an overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physicsC.the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solvedD.the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity65. According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important?A.They contradict the theory of the Maunder minimumB.They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climateC.They verify the existence of a span of unusual cold worldwide during the Maunder minimumD.They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significance66. On which of the following assumptions is based the belief that tree-ring thicknesses show links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate?A.Solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the period in questionB.Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to speciesC.Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climateD.Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle randomly affect tree-ring thicknessText EThe first time I saw Stephen Leacock at close quarters he came swinging into a classroom in Moyse Hall, the serenely ugly old Arts Building of McGill University in Montreal. The room was packed with undergraduates like me who had come with huge curiosity to listen to their first lecture on political science by a man whose humorous writing had rocked the English-speaking world with laughter, but who was a campus character for very different reasons.Leacock enjoyed a reputation for eccentricity and for an impish individualism that expressed itself in blunt speech on every subject. Naturally we looked him carefully.What we saw was a shock of graying hair crowning a rugged face that wore a friendly smile, emphasized by crinkles of mirth about the ey es. I remember thinking, “He could use a haircut.” His necktie had slipped its moorings, and his tweedy suit looked slept-in. Across his vest his watch chain had come apart in the middle and had been put together with a safety pin. The effect was of a man who gave no thought to his appearance. But his manner was far too buoyant to suggest the absent-minded professor.His apparel was topped by one of those loose, black gowns professors wore in those days. Leacock’s had been acquired about the time he received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1903. Even though the garment was showing signs of wear in 1914, it was still one of the essential properties of his play-acting. At least a dozen times during every lecture it would slip off his shoulders and seize him by the crook of his elbows. Without pause in the flow of talk and motion——he was a walking lecturer——a great shrug of the shoulders would hoist the gown part way into place.Leacock was tremendously proud of his Chicago Ph. D., but it was inescapably in character that he must spoof it. “The meaning of this degree,” he quipped in a lecture, “is that the recipient has been examined for the last time in his life and pronounced full. After this, no new ideas can be imparted to him.” In similar vein, after returning from a holiday abroad he told his class, “I was sitting quietly in my cabin when a steward knocked and, after making sure I am called Doctor, asked if I would come and look at the stewardess’s knee. I was off like a shot, but another fello w got there ahead of me. He was a Doctor of Divinity.”What came through to me, even in the first lecture, was Leacock’s warmth and humanness. I knew I was listening to a man who loved young people and was determined to give them as much wisdom as he could. His teaching methods were unconventional. He couldn’t resist the temptation to explore bypaths. In discussing the days of Queen Victoria, he mentioned Disraeli, and this set him off to talk about the man rather than the Prime Minister——his way of living, his quick mind, his dilettantism, his great love affair with his wife. The digression lifted the great statesman into a framework of his own and, when Leacock returned to the main line of his subject, the listener understood, in a way no textbook could inform him, how such a man could bring off the coup which gave Britain control of the Suez Canal and made the Empire impregnable for decades to come.67. Stephen Leacock could be described as all the following EXCEPT _____________.A.careless about his appearanceB.witty and eloquentC.an inspiring professorD.an absent-minded person68. Leacock’s account of being summoned to look at a stewardess’s knee _________________.A.tells us that he was always ready to help othersB.indicates that he was an incompetent doctorC.reveals that he was very proud of his degreeD.shows that he could playful sometimes69. Speaking of Disraeli, a conventional professor would probably have ______________.A.focused on his accomplishments as a statesmanB.talked about his family lifeC.explored the little-known aspects of the personD.looked at him from a fresh perspective70. Which of the following statements about Disraeli is NOT true?A. Disraeli once served as Prime Minister in the days of Queen Victoria.B. Disraeli was the biggest shareholder of the Suez Canal CompanyC. Disraeli contributed to making the British Empire the most powerful countryD. Disraeli was instrumental in Britain’s successful control of the Suez CanalⅣ.Translation (15’)Chinese-to- English translation. (8’)澳门在地理位置上靠近港、台地区及东南亚各国。
2012医博统考听力题及原文
2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷试卷一(Paper One)Part ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. Aider you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I fell faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● DNow let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. The woman’s condition is critical.B. The woman has been picking up quite well.C. The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D. The woman won’t see the doctor any more.2. A. A broken finger. B. A terrible cough.C. Frontal headaches.D. Eye problem.3. A. She needs a physical examination. B. She is in good health.C. It’s good to have a doctor friend.D. It’s good to visit the doctor.4. A. He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B. He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C. He doesn’t mind eating a lot every day.D. He is overcautious sometimes.5. A. The blouse is a bargain. B. The blouse is too expensive.C. The blouse is colorful.D. The blouse is so fashionable.6. A. To queue for a ticket. B. To take man’s offer.C. To buy a ticket online.D. To try an agency.7. A. She disagrees with the man.B. She couldn’t agree with the man more.C. It’s hard for them to fulfill thei r plans.D. It’s impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A. One minute. B. Fifteen minutes.C. Half an hour.D. Five minutes.9. A. She is freezing cold. B. She is crazy about ice cream.C. She has a headache.D. She has brain fever.10. A. She can’t wait for the man. B. She is very eager to see the man.C. She will go to the USA with the man.D. She expects the man to stay.11. A. A cold. B. A headache.C. A hoarse voice.D. Insomnia.12. A. To go to Susan for advice. B. To try to think like Susan.C. To break up with Susan.D. To have a date with Susan.13. A. She will become a famous singer soon. B. She will become an American idol.C. She will sign up for a talent show.D. She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A. To take a month off work. B. To rest in bed as much as possible.C. To take some herbal medicine.D. To put on plaster.15. A. The Chinese face cream. B. The American face cream.C. The French perfume.D. The medication.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. White blood cell count. B. Red blood cell count.C. X-ray.D. ECG17. A. Too much work to do. B. A heavy load of studying.C. Her daughter’s sickness.D. Her insufficient income.18. A. Leukemia. B. Gastric ulcer.C. Immune disease.D. Gastric influenza.19. A. Take the white tablets three times a day. B. Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C. Take one or two white tablets at a time.D. Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A. Stay off work. B. Drink plenty of liquids.C. Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D. Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A. 35million. B. 34million. C. 25million. D. 20million.22. A. Author, professor and dreamer. B. Writer, professor and insomniac.C. Author, psychologist and insomniac.D. Dramatist, psychologist and scientist.23. A. Sleeping in 8-hour consolidated blocks. B. Sleeping during day time.C. Going to bed soon after dark.D. Two blocks of 4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A. Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B. Because they sleep very little.C. Because they are insensitive.D. Because they can’t complain.25. A. Sleep is highly variable, and wears out with age. B. Falling asleep is a gradual process.C. Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D. People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A. Eight-year-olds. B. Twelve-year-olds.C. Seventeen-year-olds.D. Adults.27. A. The use of f MRI. B. The use of computer tasks.C. The three-way division of the subjects.D. The instructions given to the subjects.28. A. 12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B. 12-year-olds function the same as 8-year-olds.C. 8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D. 12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A. Not bad. B. Excellent.C. Not so good.D. Got it wrong this time.30. A. Scientists. B. The general public.C. Teachers at the kindergarten.D. Children with Attention Deficit Disorder. 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案与解析Pan ⅠListening ComprehensionSection A1. 【B】此题考点为细节信息再现。
2012年职称英语真题卫生类C(含答案解析)
第1 部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. We had trouble finding a pure water supply.A typicalB completeC clearD clean2. Keep your passport in a secure place.A safeB specialC goodD different3. Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.A selectedB operatadC discoveredD developed4. On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers.A wildB falseC freshD lovely5. The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers.A onlyB realC mainD practical6. I'd like to withdraw £ 500 from my current account.A leaveB payC putD draw7. He kept in constant contact with his family while he was In Australia.A gradualB directC regularD occasional8. She only needs a minute amount of money.A smallB certainC fairD full9."What do you mean by that?" Paul asked sharply.A helplesslyB politelyC quicklyD critically10. Did she accept his research proposal?A invitationB planC offerD view11. The city centre was wiped out by the bomb.A coveredB reducadC destroyedD moved12. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A needB loveC hateD pity13. A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A watchedB shoutedC walkedD gathered14. He inspired many young people to take up the sport.A allowedB encouragedC calledD advisedl5. The storm caused severe damage.A seriousB physicalC accidentalD environmental第2 部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案收集：博大教育专家来源：/article-5948.html?page=4第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce alife-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.l Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.l Human insulin(胰岛素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.31. This passage is mainly aboutA. the effects of altering cells.B. the human growth hormone.C. insulin resistance.D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.【答案】：A32. Genetic enginerring may be defined asA. the altering of normal cell reproductionB. a branch of applied chemistry.C. a procedure that holds little promise.D. a study on life-saving enzymes.【答案】：A33. According to the passage, human interferonA. is a hormone that causes disease.B. could be used to treat cancer.C. is a viral diseaseD. has been cured【答案】：B34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presentedA. as a process.B. in a simple list.C. from earliest to latest.D.as a story.【答案】：B35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning withA. had great influenceB. became a burden.C. considered carefully.D. measured accurately.【答案】：C第二篇Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.36、who lived in Puerto Rico firstA.the AfricansB.the SpanishC.the AmericansD.the Taino people【答案】：D37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers toA.immigrationB.Caribbean historyC.the island’s natural beautyD.Puerto Rican cuisine【答案】：D38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cookingB.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto RicanC.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influencesD.African foods have probably had the most influence 【答案】：C39、How is sofrito used?A.It is eaten before mealsB.It is added to other dishesC.It is used where foods are too spicyD.It is eaten as a main dish【答案】：B40、 which of the following is NOT true?A.softito is a type of extremely spicy foodB.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicyC.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppersD.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper【答案】：A第三篇Eat healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-pla te club1!’’ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their platehardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.41、Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA.not to waste food at mealsB.to save food for tomorrowC.to wash the dishes cleanD.not to eat too much at meals【答案】：A42、American restaurants serve large portions because AmericansA.have big belliesB.value quantityC.want enough nutritionD.are mostly rich【答案】：B43、what happened in America in the 1970S?A.The restaurants began to serve smaller portionsB.Health experts advised people to eat lessC.May American tried to get slimD.the America waistline started to expand【答案】：D44、what does the survey indicate?A.20 percent Americans want smaller portionsB.57 percent Americans earn $150.000 per yearC.Low-income American prefer large portionsD.23 percent Americans earn less than $25.000per year【答案】：C45、which of the following is NOT true of walking class Americans?A.they live from paycheck to paycheckB.they don’t have the habit of saving moneyC.they work long hoursD.the want to be healthy eaters【答案】：B服务：博大考神作为专业的职称英语培训中心，结合多年的培训经验，提供职称英语考试全套信息服务和考试资料。
2000-2012医博统考英语听力题解析原文汇总
2000-2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题此汇总一共12套，98页查找规律，找到应试感觉2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Section ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1.A. Heart attacks B. Strokes C.Drug addiction D.Cerebral haemorrhage2.A. About 860, 000 B.About 1. 5 millionC.About 1/2 of the total populationD.About 2/3 of the total population3.A. Easy to use B.Safe C.Economical D.Fast actingTalk Two4.A. Students B.Teachers C.Social workers D.Doctors5.A. They took a long-term course of social sciencesB.They took a one-day course of psychologyC.They rendered assistance to the disabledD, They explored the world of the handicapped6.A. To understand the handicapped B.To create compassion for the neededC.To share difficulties with the poorD.To take care of the disabled7.A. An insight into the psychology of the disabledB.More knowledge about needs and feelings of the handicappedC.Respect for the disabled for their abilitiesD.All of the aboveTalk Three8.A. The President and the hospital B.A visit to the hospitalC.President Abraham LincolnD.Lincoln and a wounded soldier9.A. Writing down a letter for him B.Dictating a letter for himC.Typing a letter for himD.Posting a letter for him10.A. The President signed the letterB.The President held the soldier’s hand tightlyC.The young man went peacefully through to his end.D.The young man recognized Lincoln.2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860, 000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According, to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is at mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course journey into compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of every-day tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. "After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped". Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside."Is there anything I can do for you?" asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: "Would you please write a letter to my mother?"A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:"My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’ m afraid I’ m not going to recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father. "The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, "Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln. "The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. "Are you really the President?" he asked."Yes, I am, " Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do."Would you please hold my hand?" the soldier asked. "It will help me to see it through to the end. "In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke warm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 %)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You "go Dutch. " This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as "Let’s go get a beer" or "Want a cup of coffee T" In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop, If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: "Let’s go to Green willow for dinner", it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill. If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: "I’d like to take you to Green willow. " Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection A Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the fight answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1. A. It’s a symbol of strength and courage. B. It’s a symbol of power and independence.C. It’s a symbol of competence and courage. D It’s a symbol of strength and confidence.2. A. The polluted fish killed 3, 000 of them. B. Insects poisoned so many of them.C. Pollution greatly reduced their number.D. Pesticides made them extinct.3. A. The bird is not adored any more.B. The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.C. The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.D. Measures are being taken to save the bird.Talk Two4. A. To go sightseeing in the town-center. B. To lose his way intentionally.C. To pay a visit to the suburb.D. To wander about the streets.5. A. To know more of the city. B. To practice the language.C. To get to know his way around the suburb.D. To while away the hours.6. A. He was unable to find his way back.B. A policeman could help him with his problem.C. He failed to communicate with the policeman.D. All of the above.7. A. The policeman showed him the railway station.B. He found the place where he lived.C. He was misled to a wrong place.D. He decided to stay in the country.Talk Three8. A. A case of active euthanasia. B. A case of passive euthanasia.C. A case of prostate cancer.D. A case of community medical service.9. A. His prostate cancer. B. The right time.C. His wife’s idea.D. Three signatures.10. A. Painfully. B. Apathetically. C. Peacefully. D. Angrily.Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words read on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediateattractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always 1 for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 2 by industry—which is naturally far more concerned with 3 because these increase profits quickly—the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 4 . Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will 5 prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making 6 will be lost. Un-fortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon 7 science, tend to 8 the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "2001全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection ATalk One1. A 录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将bald eagle定为a symbol of their country，因为it’s a bird of strength and courage。
全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。
2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerADNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlier appointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.To think twice before he make the decision.D.To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.She had to work in the ER.D.She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.It feels as if she is falling down.D.It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.John has a dog that barks a lot.D.John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.He’ll miss class latter this week.D.He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C.The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D.The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C.Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D.Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D.Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Don’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligentD.intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the generalpublic.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery for the patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Mich ael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain Wave B. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, ormiddle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R.Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except” Have a nice day？”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits orpictures is decided by .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving acar-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,” says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B.Morrell Loyal to His German Primier?C.Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?D.Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on itsown, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential tospare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner .A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬) the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd”or “technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的) accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see .A. the integration of theory with practiceB. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge。
2001-2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案
PART 1SECTION A 1-5ACDBA 6-10ACADCSECTION B 1.far exceed those 2.devoted to research 3.applied aspects 4.drive out basic reasearch 5.invariably be undertaken 6.major scientific discoveries 7.pure 8.degradePART 2作文：在冬天锻炼身体PAPER TWO 1-5CCABC 6-10DBDCD 11-15DAABB 16-20CCADD 21-25DCACC 26-30CABAA 31-35CABAA 36-40BCCDB 41-45CCABB 46-50CDBDA 51-55CAADD 56-60CAACC 61-65DABDD 66-70CAADD 71-75CACDA2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5BCCAD 6-10BCCBC 11-15CDDCB 16-20ACBBA 21-25DDCCC 26-30ADACB 31-35BCACD 36-40CCCDD 41-45BDDBC 46-50DABAB 51-55BCDAC 56-60CCCAA 61-65ADDBA 66-70DDACC 71-75BAAAA 76-80BCBCD 81-85CBDDD 86-90ABCAD作文：如何保持充沛的精力2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DDBAB 6-10DCDBD 11-15BDDAA 16-20CADDD 21-25CDDAC 26-30DDBCD 31-35ABDCA 36-40DACCA 41-45ACCDD 46-50BDDCA 51-55BACAC 56-60BACBA 61-65CBCBC 66-70CBDAB 71-75DADCD 76-80BDCCA 81-85AADCB 86-90BCADB作文：健康从早餐开始2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5ABCCC 6-10BDADD 11-15ABCCD 16-20DACBA 21-25ABDCD 26-30ADCBC 31-35BADAB 36-40BABCB 41-45ACBDC 46-50DCADA 51-55ABDAB 56-60CAABC 61-65DCBDC 66-70DDCDB 71-75BDBCB 76-80BADAB 81-85BDCCA 86-90BDAAD作文：入世后看病如何挑医院2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1 -5 CACDA 6-10CDBCB 11-15CADBA 16-20DDBCB 21-25ABCBD 26-30CCDAD 31-35CABAA 36-40CADAD 41-45BACBA 46-50ABDCC 51-55BBABD 56-60ACACB 61-65BCB,B,C 66-70BDABC 71-75CACAB 76-80AADBD 81-85CBAAA 86-90DDDCB作文：艾滋病是全社会的威胁2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5 CBCDA 6-10BDDDC 11-15BAADB 16-20DDACD 21-25BCBAB 26-30BBDCC 31-35CDCCB 36-40BCBDA 41-45ACACA 46-50ACDDB 51-55BCACA 56-60BADBC 61-65DDDDA 66-70ACABD 71-75ACCCC 76-80BBAAD 81-86DBDBD 86-90DDB,B,C作文：走路与健康2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DBBAD 6-10ABDCB 11-15ADACC 16-20BADDA 21-25CBDAC 26-30ACACC 31-35ADBAA 36-40BCDAC 41-45ACBDD 46-50ABCDB 51-55BADBC 56-60CACAD 61-65BCBAD 66-70CACCC 71-75BBBDA 76-80B,B,CDC 81-85CDCAA 86-90DDAAD作文：手术与害怕2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CBACC 6-10CADBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20ADDCA 21-25ADBAB 26-30BDCDA 31-35ACCDB 36-40CBCCB 41-45BCDDB 46-50ADCBD 51-55BACDB 56-60CADCA 61-66DBCBD 66-70DBDDC 71-75CCDBD 76-80BCCBA 81-85ADBCD 86-90AACAA作文：珍爱生命从护心开始1-5DBCCB 6-10CBDAB 11-15DABAB 16-20DABCD 21-25B,B,CDD 26-30CCADB 31-35ACBBA 36-40DCBAB 41-45BACDB 46-50ADDDC 51-55BBAAC 56-60BBACC 61-65DCBDB 66-70ADDAD 71-75DACAC 76-80DCBBB 81-85CDDBA 86-90CCDCB作文：水果是否可吃可不吃。
2000~2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】
2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解Paper OnePart ⅠListeningSection A Listening Comprehension (10%)Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read onlyonce. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. For example:Talk One1. A. Heart attacks.B. Strokes.C. Drug addiction.D. Cerebral haemorrhage.2. A. About 860,000.B. About 1.5 million.C. About 1/2 of the total population.D. About 2/3 of the total population.3. A. Easy to use.B. Safe.C. Economical.D. Fast acting.【答案与解析】1.D 录音讲到很多医生都在使用一种叫做“streptokinase”的药，这种药剂有时会带来一些问题，甚至会引起“bleeding in the brain”。
cerebral haemorrhage的意思是“脑溢血”。
2.B 录音中明确指出“About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year”。