章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture_15-副本分析解析
章振邦《新编英语语法教程》教学大纲
1、课程编码：GXB/ GXB2、课程名称：英语语法3、英文名称：English Grammar4、推荐教材和教学参考书：5、教材：《新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)，章振邦主编，2003年12月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。
5、教学参考书：⑴《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)，章振邦主编，2004年1月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。
⑵《牛津实用英语语法》，A. J. 汤普森, A. V. 马蒂内特著，陈则源、夏定雄译，1986年3月第一版，牛津大学出版社，外语教学与研究出版社出版。
⑶《实用英语语法》，张道真主编，商务印书馆出版。
⑷《高级英语语法》（上下册），薄冰主编，高等教育出版社出版。
⑸《大学英语语法》（第三版），徐广联主编，2005年10月第三版，华东理工大学出版社出版。
⑹《英语语法大全》，（英）伦道夫.夸克等著，苏州大学《英语语法大全》翻译组译，1989年9月第一版，华东师范大学出版社出版。
6、课程类型：专业基础课7、总学时：72 学时8、学分：49、适用专业：各种英语专业10、先修课程：综合英语，英语阅读二、课程性质与设置目的：《英语语法》是英语专业技能必修课，其目的是培养学生掌握系统的英语语法知识，养成良好的语言运用习惯，保证他们使用英语语言时的正确性和准确性。
作为英语专业的主要必修课程之一，《英语语法》应该和其他专业各门课程一起，力争保证学生能够通过英语专业全国统考TEM4和TEM8。
三、课程教学基本目标：英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。
学生有计划地阅读英语语法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力。
四、考核方式：1、本课程为考查课，采用闭卷开卷结合的考试方式，要求学生在一定的时间内完成教师所设计的考题。
《新编英语语法教程》(章振邦版)答案
《新编英语语法教程》答案新编英语语法教程第29讲练习参考答案Ex. 29A1. It is possible that the Joneses will come to the party as well.2. It doesn’t matter very much whether they will come or not.3. It is quite likely that he will let you down.4. It seems that you have taken a dislike to him.5. It happens that I have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.6. It was rather complicated getting the car on the boat.7. It would be a good idea to get up a petition. / I think it a good idea to get up a petition.8. It is a great pleasure to be here with you this morning.9. It was so kind of you to invite us. 10. It doesn’t matter in the least what you say. 11. It is / remains a mystery how he came to have such a valuable painting. 12. It is regretted that you should feel obliged to resign at this point. 13. It would be pity to spoil such a fine drawing. 14. It makes me feel sad seeing you sitting here all alone. 15. Is it very dull living here?/ do you find it very dull living here? 16. It is impossible for me to forgive him. 17. It was not known whether there was gold left in the mine. 18. It looks as if the park is very small. 19. It seems as though our plan is perfect. 20. It was clearly indicated that he didn’t want to speak to me.Ex. 29B1. It gets dark early in winter.2. Its no use asking her. She doesn’tknow anything. 3. Its two miles to the station from here.4. Have you seen it hail?5. We leave it to you to decide what must be done.6. It is said that the spy slipped arsenic into his tea.7. It’s a pity (that) you missed that concert. 8. It looks as if he were very afraid. 9. It is no use crying over spilt milk.10. It was several months before we met again.Ex. 29C1. 迟早我要跟他说个明白。
新编英语语法教程 教案 章振邦(上)精编版
教案新编英语语法教程章振邦2016——2017学年度第二学期本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：限选课总学时28、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语词汇的过程中出现语法错误。
2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。
3）扩大学生的商务英语词汇量。
教材及参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《实用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：笔试总成绩=平时成绩X30％ + 考试成绩X70％课程教学日历课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇授课学期：2016—2017学年第一学期第1讲教学安排的说明章节题目：句子结构学时分配：2本章教学目的与要求：谓结构和句子分析基本句型课堂教学方案课题名称、句子结构授课时数：2 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导教学目的的要求：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学重点、难点：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学内容及组织安排：1主谓结构和句子分析（1）主语和谓语分句按其逻辑意义，通常分为主语和谓语两大部分。
英语在其长期发展中形成一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”的结构。
主语是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；谓语是对话题所作的说明，是说话人所要传递的信息。
试观察下列诸句：主语谓语China is a great socialist country．中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
Marxism-Leninism is a universally applicable truth．马克思列宁主义是放之四海而皆准的真理。
The students have English lessons twice a week．学生们每星期上两堂英语课。
Hans doesn't seem to be taller than Peter．汉斯似乎并不比彼得高。
Lectureingparticiple语法教程章振邦上外学习教案
(b) need, want, require, deserve ★ need doing = need to be done eg. This letter needs ___ (sign) by the manager.
The boy wants watching. The boy wants to watch. He deserves shooting first.
第二十三页，编辑于星期六：十八点 一分。
1. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. (TEM-4, 2003)
eg. Try ___ (put) in some more vinegar ---- that might make it taste a bit better.
I keep trying ___ (make) a tasty cheese cake but I never succeed.
Revolution means ___ (liberate) the productive force.
In the end she decided to buy / on buying a new car. (e) encourage, permit, allow, recommend, advise,
authorize
+ doing / sb. to do eg. She doesn’t allow ___(talk) here.
第十七页，编辑于星期六：十八点 一分。
(b) stop, leave off, go on eg. They stopped watching TV at 9:30.
章振邦第版语法讲答案
新编英语语法教程第06讲练习参考答案Ex. 6A (4A)1. description2. arrangement3. attendanee4. peculiarity5. expectation6. argument7. dependenee8. originality9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity12. persistence13. exte nsion 14. state me nt 15. gen erosity 16. en trance 17. Io neliness 18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousnessEx. 6B (6E)1. How much work have you done this morning?2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour.3. He's done the least work ・4. There are several methods of approaching this problem・5. I know little French.6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work.7. Were there many people at the reception?8. May I have a few words with you?9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.10. Harry made the fewest mistakes.11. You ' ve lear nt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.12. Jack ' s done the most work and made the most mistakes.13. He's done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes.14. A millionaire has lots of money 一and lots of worries.15. Anna has eno ugh worries b ecause she hasn ' t got enough money.16. The telephone rang every few minutes.17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days.18. Both his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2006.19. Soon we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks.20. My brother spent $ 500 for a second・hand car, but I spent almost twice theamount for the same stuff.新编英语语法教程第07讲练习参考答案Ex. 7A1. experience2. waters3. for advice4. an imports nt piece of information5. for it is fun6. were not numerous7. Poultry8. directors are9. militia10. geniuses11. merchandise has12. sympathies13. experiences14. were times, rivalry15. clippings,were16.lookers-on18. photosEx. 7B1. blade2. piece3. choir4. flash5. lump6. gang7. grain8. head 9. staff 10. collection 11. fleet 12. cluster 13.bundle 14. bunch 15. team 16. piece 17. ear 18. bar 19. herd 20. pack 21. flock 22. crowd / swarm 23. troupe 24. bench 25. grove 26. collection 27. suite 28. squadron 29. band 30. libraryEx. 7C1. ・・・Dick‘ s decision to emigrate to Australia.2. the expansion of the Physics Department / The PhysicsDepartme nt' s expansi on ・・・3. ・•・ a novel of Jane Austen ' s.4. That long report of Mr Allen 's・・・5. Those new shoes of yours ・・・6. ・・・the article of the stude nt8. ・・・a ship ' s carpenter.7. ・••Shakespeare， s tragedies / the tragedies of Shakespeare9. The puni shment of the offenders ・••10. ・・-the past decade ' s events / the events of the past decade11. ・・・ the enemy5 s unconditional surrender / the unconditional surrender of the enemy.12 •••other people ' s criticism of him.13. •.…the younger gen eration ' s educati on / the education of the youn ger gen eratio n.14. ・•・ at John Wiley ' s, the bookseller' s.15. ・•・ an article of T. Johns'・・・16. ・・・this policy of the government ' s・・・?17. ・•・ an idiot' s tale.18. That dog of Frank ' s…19. This book of Joe Hill' s…20. Jane ' s letter7D The leg of the table is broken. Mary and John ' s house is on the corner. •••on birs ' s nests. •••the stude nts problems. • at the Joneses … Charles ' car but someone else ' s. ・・・ in ten years ' time. The products ' effectiveness This week ' s news •••than the last two weeks …others ' problems. … each other' s worries. My brother and sister-in- law' s house ・・・Ex.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.A friend of my father15. A wheel of the car16. /17. The bas eball player， wives ・・・18. ・--women s clothing only.19. ・・・ Milton' s Iong poems.20. Those new shoes of yours ・・•新编英语语法教程第08讲练习参考答案Ex. 8A1-5 AABDB 6-10 CCCDB 11-15 ACABC 16-20 DBDCD Ex. 8B1. books2. end3. words4. news5. weeks6. sign7. money8. intelligence9. books 10. line 11. sentences 12. strength 13. apple, money, etc 14. case 15. nurses 16. bales 17. novel, ones 18. years, cause 19. rooms 20. casesEx. 8C1-5 BDCAD 6-10 BDBDC 11-15 BBCAB 16-20 CDDCC Ex. 8D1. •…」ittle opport unity to travel.2. ・--many such no vels.3. ・・・/ Neither sentence is correct En glish.4. He has many more problems ・・・5. ・・・ this kind of apple / these kind (s) of apples.6. I enjoy either kind,7. ・・・ every book in the fiction section.8. ・・・ than in any other country in the world.9. ・・・ a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year.10. ・・• all this luggage / all the luggage at the airport.11. ・・・ such beautiful poetry / such a beautiful poem that it is hard to believe she has never had a formal education.12. ••£ great many friends in New York.13. Whatever n on sense14. That third sister of his15. I can ' t for the life of me remember.16. Presumably there are fewer / less diseases ・・・17. ・・-tha n all other methods.18. ・・・ once every three mon ths.19. ・--study of Ian guage.20. ・・・ some more soup?Ex. 8EOf?all?the?things?we?eat?and?drink, water?is?the?most?important.Not?many?people?understand this, but it is quite true. The human body can go without food for a long time, but?two?or?three?days?without?water?will?result?in?death.Many ?people?do ?not? understand?how?much?water?the?human?body?needs?to ?work properly, and many people do notdrink eno ugh ・ More people drink whe n they are thirsty, but often need much more, especially when they have been taking exercises.It is vital that people should drink eno ugh water every day. Water can help people to keep fit. It can also ease pain in case of illness.The habit of drinking water soon after getting up will bring a purging and refreshingeffect likewise, drinking some water before bedtime willalso do people, especially old people, a lot of good. When one is fain ting, water will bring him back to consciousness; if one is badly wounded, water will help to lend him vigour. In a word, water means life.A lack of water in the body is most harmful to health.新编英语语法教程第09讲练习参考答案Ex. 9A1.02. 03. the, an4. the5. 06. the, the, the7. 0, a8. 0, the 9. a, the 10. the 11.0, the 12. A 13. The, the14. the 15. 0, 0 16. 0, the 17. 0, a, an, a, the 18. the, the, a, the 19. the, the, the, the, the, the 20. a, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 / aEx. 9B1. a2. the3. a4. a5. a6. an7. the8. the9. a 10.the 11.0 12. the13. a 14. the 15. a 16. 0 17. the 18. a 19. a 20. a / the21 ・ an 22. the 23. a 24. 0 25. an 26. the 27. the 28. the29. the 30. a 31. the 32. the 33. a 34. a 35. the 36. the37. the 38. the 39. an 40. 0 41.0 42. 0 43. a 44. a45. the 46. 0 47. the 48. a 49. the 50. the 51. theEx. 9C2. Lake Michigan3. The Straits of Gibraltar4. Qomolangma5. The National Gallery6. the World Cup7. Christmas8. The Olympic Games9. NATO 10. the BBC 11.Newsweek 12. The Times 13. Whitehall 14. the Finance Ministry 15. Parliament 16. the Senate17. a John Spenee 18. Jones and Smith 19. The watermans20. The White House 21. university 22. church 23. table 24. the university 25. the hospital 26. prison 27. The train 28.The hovercraft, the boat 29. hovercraft 30. a taxi 31. school 32. a bus 33. the ferry 34. a cinema 35. The film 36. thePope 37. a world 38. Language 39. experience 40.1 awEx. 9D1 ・ the 2. a 3. the 4. a 5. his 6. the 7. my 8. a 9. the10. the 11. the 12. 0 13. a 14. a 15. Sam*s 16. the 17. A18. the 19. The 20. His 21 ・ the 22. her 23. your1. a2. the3. another4. an5. the6. a7. an8. a9.an 10. 0 11.0 12. a 13. the 14. the 15. Each 16. a 17.the 18. the 19. a 20. other 21 ・ the22. another 23. the 24. a 25. the 26. theEx. 9EI. on the spot 2. from top to bottom 3. on hand 4. an the front5. in a fashion6. taken a fancy to7. in case of8. took the fancy of9. in trouble, lend a hand 10. went by the boardII. within reach of 12. on top of 13. In the case of 14.in the shade 15. at a loss 16. in possession of 17. in the possessi on of 18. under cover 19. bur ning the mid night oil20. at short noticeEx. 9F 1. Light travels faster than sound.Be quiet, please. Don t let me hear a sound. In writing English, after each word we leave a space. This box occupies too much space. After a big meal, you should take a rest. Everybody needs food, drink and rest. He did it out of kindness. Thank you. You have done me a kindness. He lives close at hand. The children suffered a lot at the hands of their stepfather. Have you got an English-French dictionary? Have you got an En glish and a French dicti on ary? How do you like the red and white roses in my garden? Have you seen the red (roses) and the white roses in my garden? He is still in hospital. I ' m going to the hospital to see him. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17. There is a garden in front of the house.18. There is a picture in the front of the book.19. This style of dress is no longer in fashion.20. She likes to read about the lastest fashion.21. Don J t talk too much at table.22. My friend was sitting at the table writing a letter.23. When we called, his family were at dinner.24. When we called, his family was giving a dinner.25. The students take / took quite a fancy to their teacher.26. The exhibits in the hall soon took the fancy of the visitors.27. The old man is in possession of a huge fortune.28. This island was once in the possession of the Great Britain.29. You must immediately consult a doctor in case of illness.30. Pauline is stupid, but it is different in the case of Mary; she is just lazy.。
章振邦《新编英语语法教程》教学大纲-推荐下载
一、说明部分1、课程编码：GX009121B/ GX009122B2、课程名称：英语语法3、英文名称：English Grammar4、推荐教材和教学参考书：5、教材：《新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)，章振邦主编，2003年12月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。
5、教学参考书：⑴《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)，章振邦主编，2004年1月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。
⑵《牛津实用英语语法》，A. J. 汤普森, A. V. 马蒂内特著，陈则源、夏定雄译，1986年3月第一版，牛津大学出版社，外语教学与研究出版社出版。
⑶《实用英语语法》，张道真主编，商务印书馆出版。
⑷《高级英语语法》（上下册），薄冰主编，高等教育出版社出版。
⑸《大学英语语法》（第三版），徐广联主编，2005年10月第三版，华东理工大学出版社出版。
⑹《英语语法大全》，（英）伦道夫.夸克等著，苏州大学《英语语法大全》翻译组译，1989年9月第一版，华东师范大学出版社出版。
6、课程类型：专业基础课7、总学时：72 学时8、学分：49、适用专业：各种英语专业10、先修课程：综合英语，英语阅读二、课程性质与设置目的：《英语语法》是英语专业技能必修课，其目的是培养学生掌握系统的英语语法知识，养成良好的语言运用习惯，保证他们使用英语语言时的正确性和准确性。
作为英语专业的主要必修课程之一，《英语语法》应该和其他专业各门课程一起，力争保证学生能够通过英语专业全国统考TEM4和TEM8。
三、课程教学基本目标：英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。
学生有计划地阅读英语语法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力。
四、考核方式：1、本课程为考查课，采用闭卷开卷结合的考试方式，要求学生在一定的时间内完成教师所设计的考题。
章振邦语法精讲-朱磊版
4. Please give ___ to what he has to say. A. a ear B. ears C. your ears D. ear
以上用阴影标出的《教程》各章在讲义中未重点涉及。另外讲义中的部分说法与《教程》不完全一致， 例如仍保留“动名词（gerund）”，并将散见于各章中的“假设意义（hypothetical meaning）”表达法、“非真 实（unreal）”表达法以及“想象性用法（imaginary use）”等与“虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）”并入一章， 定名为“非真实表达（non-factual expressions）”。
说明
本讲义系参考章振邦教授主编《新编英语语法教程》（第四版）编定，其各章对应关系如下：
讲义
《教程》
Lecture 1 Noun
Lecture 2 Determiner Lecture 4 Pronoun Lecture 6 Verb
Lecture 7 Passive Voice Lecture 8 Non-factual Expressions
Lecture 9 Infinitive Lecture 10 Participle and Gerund Lecture 3 Adjective and Adverb
Lecture 5 Preposition Lecture 12 Tag Question, Existential Sentence and IT-Patterns
பைடு நூலகம்
朱磊 2005 年 10 月 7 日
英语专业英语语法15教学周教案--章振邦《新编英语语法教程》
教案20 ～20 学年第学期学院(系、部) 外国语学院系英语(教研室或实验室)课程名称英语语法授课班级主讲教师职称使用教材新编英语语法教程*****大学教务处制课程概况填表说明：1. 每项页面大小可自行添减；2. 课次为授课次序，填1、2、3……等；3. 授课方式填理论课、实验课、讨论课、习题课等；4. 表中蓝色字体为说明，编写教案时应删除。
填表说明：1. 每项页面大小可自行添减；2. 课次为授课次序，填1、2、3……等；3. 授课方式填理论课、实验课、讨论课、习题课等；4. 表中蓝色字体为说明，编写教案时应删除。
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语法大家章振邦谈中学英语中的语法问题
语法大家章振邦谈中学英语中的语法问题近年来，在我国中学英语教材编写者中流传着一种说法，说什么要“淡化”语法，甚至还有人认为中学英语可以不教语法了。
这些论调提出了一个问题：中学生学英语，到底要不要学点语法？对于这个问题，我的看法是，应该学点语法，而且要学好。
怎样学？我提出几点个人的体会。
一、要在接触大量语言材料的基础上学语法外语的习得是一个从感性到理性的过程，中学生学英语首先应当通过听说和阅读的实践，接触大量的地道英语，初步树立语感，然后在大量语言材料的基础上归纳出一些规律性的东西，这就是语法。
语法是语言的组织规律和结构框架，它规范着人们的语言活动。
不管你承认不承认，自觉不自觉，你只要在运用语言，便无时无刻不受语法规律的支配。
你如果不理它，它就给你颜色看：句子看不懂，言语不地道，表达不准确，翻译不达意，总而言之，弄得你寸步难行。
那么，这么重要的规律和法则是否都要靠我们自己去归纳出来呢？那也不是的，前人早已为我们归纳出来了，这就是我们平时所谓的教学语法，也就是可以买到的语法书。
语法书是语言学家对客观存在的语言组织规律的认识和描写，其中虽带有一定的主观性，但它描写的基本法则还是长期起作用的。
我们学习了这些基本法则，就可以加深对所学语言的认知，加深语感，加快英语习得的进度。
中学生在英语学习中学点语法，就好像在一个陌生的领域找到了向导，它会带领你顺利地入门，升堂入室，渐入佳境。
有些人多年学英语，却老是在原地踏步不前，像是一锅“夹生饭”，怎样也“煮不熟”，这就是因为学习方法不对头，还没有入门，无法前进，这里也显示出学点语法的重要性。
二、要联系词汇来学习语法任何一种活的语言都是音、义结合的语法和词汇的体系：语法赋予语言以结构形式，而词汇则通过语法结构赋予语言以意义内容，因此，语法和词汇是紧密地联系在一起的。
比如特定的语法结构往往要求某种类别的词与之匹配，如果用错了词，尽管语法结构没有错，仍然是个病句。
比如可以说：○Be patient. 请耐心点。
《新编英语语法教程》(章振邦第六版学生用书练习答案)
《新编英语语法教程》答案新编英语语法教程第01讲练习参考答案Ex. 1A1. A. his home workB. quickly, to play2. A. The huge black horseB. the race3. A. have thought aboutB. going into space4. A. warms up and crawlsB. out of the bag5. A. one of the most beautiful planets to look at througha telescopeB. because of the many rings that surround it6. A. 165 yearsB. to complete its path, or orbit,around the sun7. A. you and your brotherB. How many pairs of shorts8. A. the most expensive meal listed on the menuB. What9. A. an “Outdoor Code”B. their members10. A. can blowB. as fast as 180 miles (290 kilometers) an hour11. A. The spiral of heated air and moist airB. to twist and grow and spin12. A. The direction a hurricane’s spiral movesB. counterclockwise13. A. does not shineB. At the north pole: for half of the year14. A. The cold winds that blow off of the Arctic OceanB. a very cold place15. A. might have beenB. guilty of murderEx. 1B1. SVCWithin the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller.2. SVThe bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the groun.3. SVOOn August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Janpanese town of Hiroshima.4. SvoOThree days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.5. SVOCThe explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expense of reddish rubble.6. SVAWithin the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of enpanding gas, millions of degrees hot.7. SVOAA tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, cencrete, metal, and wood over the ground.Ex. 1C1. Walden Pond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty, is now the site of many tourist stands.2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows, marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome. / Swepping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night, the cooling northeast wind made…3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plunging down to join in the valley below.4. With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade, this is a good spot for a picnic, and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll.5. Panting for breath after running up the stairs, Mr wood stood at his neighbour’s door a nd knocked again and again till someone opened it.6. The town folk envied horace, who had come into a small fortune with which he bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.7. Standing in front of the mirror, Jim looked at his image, wondering at the big change that had come over him in recent years.8. The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive him almost drove hime mad.9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in 17th century France.10. Mud-covered and shivering, John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by his father to drive off the chill.11. Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pime trees growing on the steep of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.12. Farther down the street, the old man stopped and leaned against a lamp-post, listening to a cheerful song coming out ofa restaurant on the oppsite side of the street.13. Sarah sank in the nearest chair, completely exhausted, her limbs stiff with cold, her mind a piece of blank.14. Throughout the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly, her pleasant, refined face wearing a grave look, her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning while occasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.15. Tony thought it necessary to break the news to his family, that Mr Jacob, his former employer, had promised him a half-day job at 20 pounds a week.16. The thought that he might have wronged his friend who had rendered him good services on many occasions troubled his mind, already overburdened with worries and cares.17. The men of the disbanded royal bodyguard, suddenly turned loose onto the street of a capital seething with unrest,unemployed and perhaps disgruntled at their abrupt dismissal, were a potentially dangerous element.18. For many years London has been a business centre with hotel accommadation for visiting businessmen toghter withwell-to-do travellers but completely inadequate for the swarms of shour-stay tourists landing at Heathrow or disembarking at Dover.19. Nearing the top, he climbed recklessly faser and faster, his eyes already glowing with triumph, but suddenly he slipped and fell, tumbling to the ground and lying motionless there, a crumpled pile of arms and legs.20. Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons who have received both the Order of Merit, which was conferred on him by the British government in 1949, and the Nobel Prize for literature, conferred in Norway in 1950.新编英语语法教程第02讲练习参考答案Ex. 2A1. come2. are3. has / have4. are5. are6. are7. was / were8. is9. costs 10. were 11. are 12. are 13. was 14. are 15. lie 16. were 17. are 18. is 19.is 20. was 21. Has 22. were 23. is 24. is 25. are 26. is 27. are 28. cover, are 29. is / are 30. was/wereEx. 2B1. were2. have3. is, is4. was5. were6. is7. is8. are9. is 10. are, are11. have 12. are, their, their 13. was, It, was 14, It / They, is / are 15. are, their, they, disapprove 16. were, they 17. was 18. are 19. were 20. were新编英语语法教程第03讲练习参考答案Ex. 3A1. is2. was3. is4. has5. were6. means7. is8. is9. is 10. is 11. were 12. sells 13.is 14. are 15. are 16. are 17. is 18. is 19. was 20.provides 21. are 22. was 23. stops 24. is 25. is 26. does 27. produces 28. is 29. is 30. wasEx. 3B1. ’s2. are3. is4. are5. is6. was7.is 8. were 9. is 10. ’s 11. is 12. is, is, is13. are 14. is 15. have 16. is 17. are 18. looks 19. are 20. are 21. understand 22. has 23. was 24. have 25. was 26. was 27. are 28. is 29. is 30. was 31. is 32. is / are 33. leaves 34. is / are 35. are 36. are 37. is 38. comes 39. is 40. live 41. are 42. points / point 43. are 44. is 45. are 46. was 47.is / are 48. is 49. has 50. wasEx. 3C1. is / are2. is / are3. is4. is / are5. is / are6. remain7. is8. are9. has / have 10.care / cares 11. is 12. plays 13. is 14. am 15. are / is 16. was 17. is, has 18. was 19. come 20. is 新编英语语法教程第04讲练习参考答案Ex. 4A1. description2. arrangement3. attendance4. peculiarity5. expectation6. argument7. dependence 8. originality 9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity 12. persistence 13. extension 14. statement 15. generosity 16. entrance 17. loneliness18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousnessEx. 4B1. strange sounds2. foods are3.chief, tribes, their, salmon (s)4. The runners-up were given pound notes / Therunners-up were each given a pound note.5. bodies, their heroes6. mice, tooth-marks7. Crises, occur, families8. / 9. / 10. these businesses 11. /12. fruits are13. / 14. these articles are well written 15. /16. several personal kindnesses17. / 18. sufferings 19. professors 20. children are playing, sandsEx. 4C1. experience2. waters3. for advice4. an important piece of information5. for it is fun6. were not numerous7. Poultry8. directors are9. militia 10. geniuses 11. merchandise has 12. sympathies 13. experiences 14. were times, rivalry 15. clippings, were 16. lookers-on 17. foliage is 18. photos 19. 12-pages 20. Luggage isEx. 4D1. blade2. piece3. choir4. flash5. lump6. gang7. grain8. head9. staff 10. collection 11.fleet 12. cluster 13. bundle 14. bunch 15. team 16. piece 17. ear 18. bar 19. herd 20. pack 21. flock 22. crowd / swarm 23. troupe 24. bench 25. grove 26. collection 27. suite 28. squadron 29. band 30. library Ex. 4E1-5 BCADC 6-10 CBDAB 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BDCAB新编英语语法教程第05讲练习参考答案Ex. 5A1. my father has a car2. the bull has horns3. the prisoner escaped4. her parents consented5. somebody released the prisoner6. somebody assassinated the President7. a letter from the general / the general sent a letter8. the crowd felt sympathy9. a college for women10. a summer day, a day in the summer11. the earth has a (rough) surface12. the absence lasted ten days13. a doctoral degree, a doctorate14. the bird made the nest15. the committee made a report16. a story told by the girl / the girl told a story17. the volcano erupted18. the victim had courage / the victim was courageous19. somebody punished the boy20. the critics recevied the play in a hostile mannerEx. 5B1. The comedian performed, and he was well received bya huge audience.这位喜剧演员的演出很受广大观众的欢迎。
章振邦英语语法教程--Lecture1GrammaticalHierarchy
章振邦英语语法教程--Lecture1GrammaticalHierarchyLecture 1 Grammatical HierarchyHierarchy is one of the basic properties of a language. On the grammatical level, the structure of the English language can be divided into five ranks: morpheme, word, phrase, clause, and sentence, while on the textual level, into three ranks: sentence, sentence group, and text. Sentence is the highest rank in grammatical hierarchy, and the lowest rank on the textual level. The following is a brief description of the grammatical hierarchy of the English language.1.1 MorphemesA morpheme is the smallest meaning-carrying grammatical unit. It falls into two categories: free morphemes and bound morphemes.1) Free morphemesA free morpheme has a complete meaning and can stand by itself as a simple word. It can sometimes act as a complete utterance in connected speech. Chair, boy, desk, and cruel are free morphemes. A free morpheme can be the root of a derivative, such as kindly, friendliness.2) Bound morphemesBound morphemes are mostly affixes. They are also meaningful, but the meaning is not complete in itself unless it is attached to some other form. Therefore, a bound morpheme cannot stand by itself: it only exists as an affix or a combining form.The affix can be divided into two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional affixes include: plural –s/-es, possessive –’s, third person singular-s/-es, past –ed, participle –ing,participle –ed, comparative –er, and superlative –est. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes, such as anti-war, co-exist, movement, and careless. The use of an inflectional affix does not change the identity of a word, but that of a derivational affix usually results in a new lexeme.Bound morphemes can also be combining forms, which can act as bound root to form primitive derivatives, such as receive, conceive, and perceive. They can also be used together with other combining forms or words to form compound words or neo-classical compounds, such as minibus, miniskirt, biology, telescope, and electrocardiogram.1.2 WordsThe word is composed of one or more than one morpheme. Words can be classified in two ways:1) Simple words, derivatives & compoundsWords that are composed of one morpheme only are called simple words. art, joy, kind, up, down, hand, foot and able, for example, are simple words.Words that are formed by adding an affix to an existing word are called derivatives. For example, interference, unhelpful, driver, management, unfair, disloyal, and nonviolent are derivatives.A word formed by combining two or more bases is called a compound. For example, whichever, snowfall, downfall, bookcase, home-made, tax-free and babysitting.2) Closed-class words & open-class wordsIn terms of syntactic function, words can be classified into closed-class words and open-class words. Closed-class words refer to those sets of words whose items are “closed” or limited in number and are only exceptionally extended by the creation of additional numbers. In English, function words such asauxiliaries, conjunctions and prepositions are closed-class words.Open-class words refer to those sets of words whose items are indefinitely extendable. New items are constantly being created and old items are giving place to new ones. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs form open-class words.1.3 PhrasesThe phrase is composed of one or morethan one word. Generally, the phrase is a group of words organized in a specific way with a key word as its head. The head determines the class of the phrase and the way in which the words are organized.1) The noun phraseThe noun phrase is a phrase with a noun as its head. The general pattern of a noun phrase is :(determiner+) (premodifier+) noun (+ postmodifier)a pretty little girl standing at the doorall the wooden cottages that have survived the earthquake2) The verb phraseThe verb phrase which is a phrase with a main verb as its head can be simple or complex. A simple verb phrase is just a main verb or “modifier + main verb”. A complex verb phrase is a main verb preceded by an auxiliary (or auxiliaries) (+modifier). For example:He works hard.He has been working on the project for two weeks.In the first example, “works” is a simple verb phrase; and in the second example, “has been working” is a complex verb phrase.In terms of grammatical form, a verb phrase can be finite or non-finite. A finite verb phrase is initiated by a finite form, that is,a verb that bears tense distinction. A non-finite verb phrase is a phrase initiated by a non-finite form, that is, a verb that does not change its form according to tense or subject.3) The adjective phraseThe adjective phrase is a phrase with an adjective as its head. The general pattern of an adjective phrase is:(modifier+) adjective (+postmodifier/complementation)The course is not very difficult.You are not careful enough.The weather is too hot to be enjoyable.4) The adverb phraseThe adverb phrase is a phrase with an adverb as its head. The general pattern of an adverb phrase is:(modifier+) adverb (+postmodifier)Be a man. Don’t act so slowly.She spoke very clearly indeed.He lives very far from the station.5) The prepositional phraseThe prepositional phrase is a phrase with a preposition as its head. The general pattern of a prepositional phrase is: (modifier+) preposition + complementation That story is based on an incident in his own life.Food had been scarce since before the war.He has been working in the lab all through the night.I could hear their footsteps directly above my head.1.4 ClausesThe clause is composed of one or morethan one phrase. A full-fledged clause is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of “subject + predicate”.1) Independent and dependent clausesIn terms of grammatical function, a clause can be independent or dependent. An independent clause is a clause that can stand by itself and act as a complete utterance, as distinguished from a dependent clause, which forms only part of another clause or of a phrase.He knows everything about it. (independent)I am sure he knows everything about it. (dependent)2) Simple and complex clausesWhen a clause consists of only one construction of “subject + predicate”, it is a simple claus e. An independent simple clause is at the same time a simple sentence. When a clause comprises another clause or otherclauses as its element or elements, it is a complex clause. An independent complex clause is at the same time a complex sentence.It was not true. (simple)What he said was not true. (complex) 3) Main and subordinate clausesIn a complex clause, the clause that takes another clause as its element is the main clause, while the clause that is embedded in a large clause, either as a clause element or as part of a phrase which realizes a clause element, is a subordinate clause, e.g.: She wouldn’t believe it (m ain) though it was true (subordinate).If winter comes(subordinate), can Spring be far behind (main)?4) Finite, non-finite and verbless clausesA clause can be finite or non-finite. A finite clause is one with a finite verb phrase as its predicate verb or predicator; a non-finite clause is one with a non-finite verb as its predicator. For example:He barely ate or slept that night. (finite clause)He began paging through old newspapers, hoping to find some valuable information. (non-finite clause)When a clause is marked by the absence of any form of verb element, it is a verbless clause. A verbless clause is a “subject + predicate” construction with the verb element omitted, e.g.: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.1.5 SentencesThe sentence is the highest rank of grammatical unit. Based on one or more than one clause, the sentence is also the basic linguistic unit of connected discourse; it can stand alone and perform a function in social communication. Thus, a sentence can be defined as a grammatical unit that can stand by itself and perform a communicative function.1) Full and minor sentencesA full sentence is a sentence with anexpressed subject and predicate. It is mostly used in formal speech and writing. A minor sentence is only a sentence fragment which, in some specific contexts and situations, can stand by itself and perform a communicative function. Minor sentences, which are extensively used in informal discourse, can also be used to emphasize an idea, add force to an emotion or help build up to a climax at the beginning or the end of a paragraph. For example:Charlie Chaplin was the great comedian of silent films. (full) Where does Joan begin a mystery story? On the last page. Always. (minor)2) Simple, compound, complex and compound-complexsentencesA simple sentence is a sentence that comprises only one independent clause. Two or more coordinated independent clauses make a compound sentence. An independent clause that comprises one or more dependent clausesas its element(s) makes a complex sentence. Two or more coordinated independent clauses with at least one complex clause make a compound-complex sentence. For example: The bull charged straight at the man. (simple)She is a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. (compound) How it all happened is a mystery to me. (complex)As I had limited time, I didn’t read the last chapter, yet I still enjoy the book. (compound-complex)。
2023年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析
英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题参照答案与解析11.Ho.ca..concentrat.i.yo.________.continuall._____.m.wit.sill. questions?A.have.interruptedB.are.interruptedC.had.interruptingD.were.interrupting选A。
虽然我觉得更应当说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。
不过这里用目前完毕时表达旳是一种动作发生过成为过去经历, 有也许多次发生, 也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不停反复到目前。
12.Amon.th.fou.sentence.below.Sentenc.__.expresse.th.highes.d egre.o.possibility?A.I.ma.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.B.I.migh.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.C.I.coul.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.D.I.shoul.tak..lon.tim.t.fin..solutio.t.th.problem.选D。
四个里把握度最高旳是should, 另一方面是may, 最终是might和could。
13.Sh.i..bette.speake.tha.____.i.th.class.A.an.boyB.th.othe.boysC.othe.an.girlD.al.th.girls选A。
主语是she, 女旳, 因此不能选B。
C旳对旳说法是any other girl。
14.Nobod.hear.hi.sing.______?A.di.oneB.di.heC.didn’.theyD.di.they选B。
演示版英语句法讲解(参考新编英语语法教程章振邦).pptx
• All that I want is a mooncake.
• Any boy that worked hard payed off.
• He is the cleverest man that I’ve known.
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• 3. 关系副词when, where, where 的用法 • I shall never forget the day when(=on which) we first
met.
• The reason why (= for which ) he came so early is his own affair.
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三、从句的分类
1. 主语从句 2. 表语从句 3. 宾语从句 4. 同位语从句 5. 定语从句 6. 状语从句
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1. 主语从句
• 定义：有that, what, why, how等疑问词引导的分句做句子的主 语。
• e.g. • Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
• Who is to blame is not clear.
• That a girl was murdered by a Didi driver has aroused the attention of the public.
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2、表语从句
• 定义：有that, what, why, how等疑问词引导的分句做句子的表语。
with me. • The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.
新编英语语法教程 教案 章振邦(上)精编版
教案新编英语语法教程章振邦2016——2017学年度第二学期本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：限选课总学时28、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语词汇的过程中出现语法错误。
2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。
3）扩大学生的商务英语词汇量。
教材及参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《实用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：笔试总成绩=平时成绩X30％ + 考试成绩X70％课程教学日历课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇授课学期：2016—2017学年第一学期第1讲教学安排的说明章节题目：句子结构学时分配：2本章教学目的与要求：谓结构和句子分析基本句型课堂教学方案课题名称、句子结构授课时数：2 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导教学目的的要求：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学重点、难点：1谓结构和句子分析 2基本句型教学内容及组织安排：1主谓结构和句子分析（1）主语和谓语分句按其逻辑意义，通常分为主语和谓语两大部分。
英语在其长期发展中形成一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”的结构。
主语是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；谓语是对话题所作的说明，是说话人所要传递的信息。
试观察下列诸句：主语谓语China is a great socialist country．中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
Marxism-Leninism is a universally applicable truth．马克思列宁主义是放之四海而皆准的真理。
The students have English lessons twice a week．学生们每星期上两堂英语课。
Hans doesn't seem to be taller than Peter．汉斯似乎并不比彼得高。
新编英语语法教程教案 章振邦(下)
教案新编英语语法教程章振邦本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：专业必修总学时32、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语的过程中出现语法错误。
2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。
3）扩大学生的词汇量，尤其是商务英语方面的词汇。
教材及参考书目：《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《使用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：闭卷笔试总成绩=平时成绩*30%+期末成绩*70%课程教学日历课程名称：商务英语词汇与语法授课学期：2016—2017学年第2学期第17讲教学安排的说明章节题目：助动词（一）学时分配：1本章教学目的与要求：1、情态意义表示法2、情态助动词的推测性用法课堂教学方案课题名称、助动词（一）授课时数：1 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论教学目的要求：1、情态意义表示法2、情态助动词的推测性用法教学重点、难点：情态意义表示法教学内容及组织安排：1、情态意义表示法情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。
新编英语语法教程-教案-章振邦(上)精编版
教案新编英语语法教程章振邦2016——2017学年度第二学期|；、本课程教学总体安排课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型：限选课】总学时28、学分：2教学目的与要求：1）开设此课，旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象，并且学以致用，活学活用，力求避免在使用英语词汇的过程中出现语法错误。
2）帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则，以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。
3）扩大学生的商务英语词汇量。
教材及参考书目：-《新编英语语法教程》章振邦《实用英语语法详解》薄冰《高级英语语法详解》全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法：笔试总成绩=平时成绩X30％+ 考试成绩X70％课程教学日历`课程名称：商务英语语法与词汇授课学期：2016—2017学年第一学期》第1讲教学安排的说明章节题目：句子结构学时分配：2本章教学目的与要求：谓结构和句子分析基本句型课堂教学方案课题名称、句子结构授课时数：2 授课类型：理论课教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导）教学目的的要求：1谓结构和句子分析2基本句型教学重点、难点：1谓结构和句子分析2基本句型教学内容及组织安排：1主谓结构和句子分析（1）主语和谓语分句按其逻辑意义，通常分为主语和谓语两大部分。
英语在其长期发展中形成一种相对固定的句子结构：“主语+谓语”的结构。
主语是句子的话题，是信息传递的出发点；谓语是对话题所作的说明，是说话人所要传递的信息。
试观察下列诸句：主语谓语China is a great socialist country．.中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
Marxism-Leninism is a universally applicable truth．马克思列宁主义是放之四海而皆准的真理。
The students have English lessons twice a week．学生们每星期上两堂英语课。
Hans doesn't seem to be taller than Peter．汉斯似乎并不比彼得高。
章振邦《英语语法教程》教学大纲
章振邦《-英语语法教程》-教学大纲《英语语法》教学大纲课程编号：2152102课程类别：专业课学时：32学分：2.0适用专业：英语专业一年级先修课程：无一、课程性质、目的和任务《英语语法》为英语专业基础课，英语语法根据英语专业人才培养的要求，旨在对学生进行英语语法基本理论和基本技能的教育和培养。
通过本课程的学习，学生应具有基本的理论知识和应用能力，了解英语语法的一些基本知识与概念，了解英语语言的原理、规则与特点，熟练掌握常用的语法知识，语法体系，具备进一步学习英语语言与英语高级语法的基础，并能够在英语口语、阅读、写作、翻译等实际应用中正确使用英语。
课程任务是帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。
二、课程教学内容、要求1．课程教学内容语法层次；句子结构；主谓一致；名词和名词词组及属格；限定词；代词；动词和动词词组；动词的时和体；将来时间表示法；被动态；虚拟式；助动词；不定式；分词；独立结构；比较等级和比较结构；并列结构；从属结构；关系分句；倒装；省略；替代；语篇衔接2. 课程教学要求：1).精讲多练，注重实践2)．以学生为中心组织教学3)．注意培养语篇水平上应用语法知识的能力。
导论：语法层次第1讲：句子结构第2、3讲：主谓一致第4、5讲：名词、名词词组和名词属格第8、9讲：代词第10讲：动词和动词词组第11、12讲：动词的时和体第13讲：将来时间表示法第14、15讲：被动态第16讲：虚拟式第17、18讲：助动词第19、20讲：不定式第21、22讲：分词第23、24、25讲：形容词和形容词词组；副词和副词词组；比较等级和比较结构第26讲：介词和介词词组第27讲：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句第28、29讲：存在句；IT-句型第30、31、32讲：并列结构，从属结构第33讲：关系分句第34讲：条件句第35讲：直接引语和间接引语第36讲：修饰第37、38讲替代和省略第39讲：后置、前置、倒装第40讲：从句到篇三、参考学时分配四、课程说明1. 本大纲依据兰州理工大学技术工程学院2014年英语专业本科人才培养方案编写。
关于《新编英语语法教程》(第二版)的几点说明
作者： 章振邦
出版物刊名： 外国语
页码： 44-48页
主题词： 英语语法;动词词组;不足之处;非限定分句;无动词分句;不定式;英语教学;非限定动词;名词词组;句法
摘要： <正> 《新编英语语法教程》(第二版)即将于1994年二季度由上海外语教育出版社出版.这一版是在《初版》发行了50余万册的基础上,根据十年来广大读者的意见和要求,并结合我们自己在使用中发现的问题和积累的资料,本着实事求是,对读者负责的精神改编的.新版本保留了《初版》的一切优点,并对其中缺点、错误及其他不足之处作了大幅度的调整、修改和填平补齐工作,从而使新版本在布局上更加合理,在体系上更加周密,在内容上更加充实,在练习设计上更加实用,将会更有利于我国的英语教学.现在我们把修订工作的几个主要方面作一简单介绍.。
英语句法讲解(参考新编英语语法教程章振邦)
• e.g. • She is a women who was blessed by God. • All that live must die. • Taylor is the most elegant woman that ever cooperated
• The room where(= in which) he worked is now kept in good repair.
6、状语从句
• 定义：有that, what, why, how等疑问词引导的分句做句子的状 语。
• 1）. 时间状语 • Whenever you meet with any difficulty, I won’t stand by.
the attention of the public.
2、表语从句
• 定义：有that, what, why, how等疑问词引导的分句做句子的表语。
• e.g. • The fact is that I’ve never been Tibet.
• The problem is when the deadline is.
• Until he told me the latest news, I had known little about Peter.
• 2). 地点状语 • Where there is a will, there is a way. (有志者，事竟成。)
• 3). 方式状语 • You must do the exercise as I show you.
• The book, which was published one month ago, was one of the best – sellers.
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贵州师范学院外国语学院 王勇
2015.02.28
Unit 15
Passive Voice(2)
15.1 Uses of passive sentences
In this section we are going to deal with cases where the passive is used and two related types of passive sentences.
It is expected that he will come. →He is expected to come.
2. Two related types of passive sentences
b) When the predicator of the that-clause is the simple present denoting a present habitual action, the infinitive in type 2 takes the simple form, eg: It is thought that he drives badly. →He is thought to drive badly. If the predicator of the that-clause is the present progressive denoting a present happening, the infinitive in type 2 takes the progressive form, eg: It is believed that he is working hard. →He is believed to be working hard.
→He is believed to have come.
It is reported that he was driving carelessly. →He is reported to have been driving carelessly.
2. Two related types of passive sentences
1. Cases where the passive is used
The use of the passive is usually dictated by the context. Sometimes the passive form is used to avoid changing the subject in the middle of a sentence and at other times, to achieve a better connection with the preceding of following sentences, eg: Jack fought Michael in the men's singles and (Jack) was beaten. He visited China's northeastern provinces in 1935. Those provinces were being overrun by the Japanese invaders.
The above-mentioned rules also apply to that-clauses whosle predicator is a passive form, in which case the infinitive in type 2 should take either the simple passive or the perfective passive form, eg: It is reported that the British destroyer has been sunk. →The British destroyer is reported to have been sunk. The above transformational rules only apply to sentences whose first clause contains such verbs as acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, expect, feel, find, know, presume, report, say, think, understand, etc. Also included in this category is the verb suppose, but "be supposed to" as a semi-asuxiliary usually conveys an idea of duty and is therefore equivalent to "should".
1. Cases where the passive is used
b) The passive is used when the agent is unknown or when we wish to make a statement sound impersonal perhaps out of modesty or tactfulness, eg: This book was published in the 16th century. This proposal was generally considered as not very practical.
2. Two related types of passive sentences
c) When the predicator of the that-clause is the simple past or the present perfective denoting past time, the infinitive in type 2 takes the perfective form. If the predicator of the thatclause is the past progressive, the infinitive in type 2 takes the perfective progressive form, eg: It is believed that he came. It is believed that he has come.
1. Cases where the passive is used
In many cases, the chonice between the active and the passive depends on the semantic intention implied by the context, eg: It rained heavily last night. The rain destroyed the flowers. A: The flowers are all gone. What happened to them? B: They (The flowers) were destroyed by the rain. All this boinls down to one point: active and passive forms are structurally interchangeable, but semantically only one form is possible in a specific context.
It Βιβλιοθήκη s thought that he will be coming.
It is thought that he is coming. →He is thought to be coming.
In case the main verb in type 1 is expect, the infinitive in type 2 usually takes the simple form instead of the progressive form, eg:
2. Two related types of passive sentences
There is a kind of active sentence which may be transformed into two possible passive forms, eg: People believe that he is ill. →It is believed that he is ill. (type 1)
15.2 Passive constructions and passive meanings
1. Contrast between English and Chinese passives
The two types of passive sentences discussed in the preceding section have their counterparts in the Chinese language. The Chinese approximations to type 1 are found in such expressions as "据说......", " 据估计......", etc, and those to type 2 in such patterns as "......据说是", "......据估计有", etc, eg: