当前常用政治术语的英文翻译
常用政治英语词汇
政治英语词汇（包括政治学、行政学、国际与国内时政等）一院制 Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权 Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 工会 Trade unions下议院 House of Commons上议院 House of Lords个人主义 Individualism女权主义 Feminism马列主义 Marxism—Leninism马克思主义 Marxism马基雅维里主义 Machiavelli王权 Crown无产阶级 Proletariat无产阶专政 Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义 Anarchism专制 Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义 Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系 Central/Local relations分权 Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利 Civil rights公民自由 Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic 机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press 社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European ParliamentEuropean Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state 国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案BillFreedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee 政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization 政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism 修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike 总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Conventionofthe constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system 竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Selectcommittee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice 教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right 基层党组织Primary party organization 职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy协商民主联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’Aetat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization 强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism警察Police警察国家Police state时事政治词汇国内时事Domestic Affairs中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China (17th NCCPC)中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会 Central Commission for Discipline Inspection中共中央委员会 CPC Central Committee全国人民代表大会 (简称全国人大) National People’s Congress (NPC)九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress 全国人大代表deputy to the National People’s Congress全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅 the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 (简称全国政协) National Committee of the Chinese People’s Po litical Consultative Conference (CPPCC)中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCC最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院院长President of the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院检察长Procurator-General国务院State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defense国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China审计署Auditing Administration中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员 Member, Central Committee候补委员 Alternate Member省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group中华人民共和国主席/副主席President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China全国人大委员长/副委员长Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress秘书长 Secretary-General主任委员 Chairman委员 Member（地方人大）主任Chairman, Local People’s Congress人大代表 De puty to the People’s Congress国务院总理 Premier, State Council副总理Vice Premier国务委员 State Councilor秘书长 Secretary-General（国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for（国务院各部）部长 Minister部长助理 Assistant Minister司长 Director局长 Director省长 Governor常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor自治区人民政府主席Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor区长 Chief Executive, District Government县长 Chief Executive, County Government乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government秘书长 Secretary-General办公厅主任 Director, General Office（部委办）主任 Director处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief科长/股长 Section Chief科员 Clerk/Officer有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics邓小平理论 Deng Xiaoping Theory三个代表 three represents theory (the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced pr oductive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of "Three Represents"坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神 adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)新闻发布会news conference政府工作报告government’s work report国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOE)人均国内生产总值per-capita gross domestic product (GDP)国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)经济房low-cost housing西部大开发 the strategy of developing the western region西部大开发战略develop-the-west strategy扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans弱势群体 disadvantaged groups (对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。
当前常用政经术语的英文翻译
当前常用政经术语的翻译
“米袋子”工程 "rice bag" (grain supply) program “菜篮子”工程 "vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply) program 物价上涨 price hike 消费者价格指数 Consumer Price Index (CPI) 稳定价格防止经济过热 to stabilize prices and prevent the economy from overheating
当前常用政经术语的英文翻译
医疗保障 medical insurance/medicare/medical security 公共卫生服务 health care/public health service 医疗改革 healthcare reform 社会保障体系 social security system 基本医疗保险 basic medical insurance
当前常用政经术语的英文翻译
中国的领土和主权完整 China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity 一国两制 One China, Two Systems 促进两岸和平 to promote cross-Straits peace 人民武装警察部队 the People’s Armed Force “三通”（通邮、通商、通航） direct links of mail, tra用政经术语的英文翻译
经济体制改革和政治体制改革 reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度 socialist system 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业 the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 改革开放政策 the reform and opening-up policy the policies of reform and opening to the outside world（出自 《邓小平选集》） the policies of reform and opening up（同上）
2023政治术语名词及解释
2023政治术语名词及解释政治术语是政治科学研究领域的基础，它们用于描述政治体系、政治思想、政治行为以及政治制度等。
下面是一些2023年可能涉及的政治术语及其解释。
一、国家与政府机构1. 国家（State）：一个区域内由政治权威统治的社会组织，具有主权和独立性。
2. 政府（Government）：国家最高权力机关，负责管理国家事务、制定政策和法律。
3. 民主（Democracy）：一种政治制度，政权由人民通过选举方式参与政府决策的过程。
4. 人民代表大会制度（People's Representative System）：一种通过选举产生代表，代表人民的政府形式。
5. 专制主义（Autocracy）：一种政治制度，政权集中在单一个体或团体手中，缺乏政治竞争和公众参与。
6. 多党制（Multi-party System）：在国家内允许存在多个政党，政府通过选举和协商产生。
7. 单一党制（One-party System）：只允许一个政党存在和执政。
8. 反对党（Opposition Party）：在多党制中，不在执政地位的政党。
9. 立法机构（Legislature）：负责制定法律和监督政府行为的机构，如国会、议会等。
10. 最高法院（Supreme Court）：国家的最高司法机构，负责审理最终上诉案件和宪法解释。
二、政治理论和思想11. 自由主义（Liberalism）：强调个人自由和平等权利，主张少量政府干预。
12. 社会主义（Socialism）：追求社会公平、财富分配公正的理论和实践。
13. 保守主义（Conservatism）：强调传统价值、权威和社会稳定。
14. 议会制（Parliamentary System）：一种政治制度，行政权力由立法机构选举的政府担任。
15. 总统制（Presidential System）：一种政治制度，行政权力由直接选举的总统担任。
16. 社会契约（Social Contract）：政治理论，指民众和政府之间存在一种合约关系，人民放弃某些自由权利，以换取国家秩序和安全。
30个政治术语的翻译
1、“四个全面”战略布局Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy【释义】全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to: 1) finish building a moderately prosperous society; 2) deepen reform; 3) advance the law-based governance of China; 4) strengthen Party self-discipline.2、“两个一百年”奋斗目标Two Centenary Goals【释义】在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its ce ntenary in 2049.3、三期叠加simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies4、双目标dual objectives【例】保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。
时事政治经济术语词汇中英文对照
时事政治术语词汇中英文对照civil partnership：民事伴侣关系witness：证人deploy：部署hard line：强硬路线lash out：严厉斥责clinical trial：临床试验abstention：弃权stoppage：中止；中断vaccinate：接种疫苗detonate：引爆；爆炸mascot：吉祥物cull：扑杀field work：实地考察riot：骚乱；暴动derail：脱轨；出轨stampede：蜂拥；踩踏stamp out：扑灭runoff：决定性竞选adjournment：延期；休会trilogy：三部曲touch down：着陆；落地Low profile：低调的形象cold front：冷锋blast off：发射；升空launch pad：发射台relief：救济；救济品aftershock：余震mire：陷入困境mastermind：策划felony：重罪hearing：听证会bear down on：逼近power-for-money deal：权钱交易exit poll：投票后民调standoff：僵局theme park：主题公园hunt down：追捕直至抓获tenure：任期bustling：熙熙攘攘的overshadow：投上阴影hands-on：亲自参与deplore：深表遗憾hordes of：成群的death toll：死亡人数sexual harassment：性骚扰constitution：宪法deliberate on：审议martyr：烈士；殉难者military exercises：军事演习clamp down on：施压于；压制Fatality：死亡；宿命Cruise missile：巡航导弹Whopping：巨大的Reconnaissance：侦察，踏勘Touch down：着陆，降落Smother：使熄灭，使窒息Haze：薄雾Remand：还押，押候Submarine：潜艇Sticking point：症结Protracted：延长的Bloodthirsty：残忍的Amphibious assault vehicle：水陆两用装甲车Surveillance：监视，监督Recess：休会；暂时中断Jetliner：喷气式客机Downpour：倾盆大雨Half brother：异父或异母兄弟Desolate：荒凉的，无人烟的Compare notes：交换意见Drought：旱灾；干旱季节Erode：腐蚀；使减少、减弱Defending champion：卫冕冠军Hunger strike：绝食抗议Disaffected：不忠的，不满的Seal off：封锁，阻隔Strand：使陷于困境Tribunal：特等法庭Sabotage：蓄意破坏Devout：虔敬的，诚恳的Operation：军事行动Shucks：歉意，失望Hand out：分发，施舍Rear-end：追尾Shed light on：使某事清楚Overrun：蹂躏，侵占Barbed：有刺的Margin of error：误差幅度Disarmament：裁军，解除武装Head for：动身，前往Double-decker：双层巴士Outskirts：市郊，郊外Edge out：微微胜过Anonymity：匿名，无名Blistering：酷热的Envoy：外交使节，特使Launch window：发射时限Upbeat：乐观的，愉快的Disrespectful：失礼的，无礼的Aggression：侵略；挑衅美国政治术语全记录之英汉对照(A-G)academic freedom：(学术自由) affirmative action:(弱族辅助行动) AFL-CIO：Abbreviation for the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations, (美国联邦工会)Alaskan pipeline：(阿拉斯加石油运输管道)alderman：(AWL-duhr-muhn) A member of a city council. 市政代表American Civil Liberties Union：美国民权自由同盟.American Dream：美国梦American Legion：美国老兵会antitrust legislation：反托拉斯立法apportionment：议会席位分配appropriation：拨款arbitration：仲裁Atomic Energy Commission：原子能委员会attorney general of the United States：美国司法部长block grant: 一种联邦对各州的拨款blue laws:蓝色法令,通常是限制酒吧及酒类在星期天营业或销售的法令. branches of government:政府各部门broad construction:广义解释(指对宪法) busing:公车接送学生.(反种族歧视的手段之一)cabinet:内阁, 包括14个联邦政府部长campaign finance reform:竞选资助改革capital offense:死罪, 包括谋杀和叛国罪等可能被判死刑的犯罪capital punishment:死刑Capitol Hill:国会山caucus:(KAW-kuhs) 美国的党代会Central Intelligence Agency:中央情报局checks and balances:(权力)制衡civil liberties:民事自由civil rights:民事权利clear and present danger:显而易见的危险(一种限制言论自由的标准.) closed primary:闭锁式初选，排他性预选cloture:(KLOH-chuhr) 以表决结束辩论coattail effect:裙带关系影响commander in chief:全军统帅(指战争状态的总统)confirmation hearings:确认听证Congress:国会Congressional Record:国会记录. conscientious objector:拒服兵役者Constitution, United States:美国宪法. containment, policy of:牵制外交政策contempt of Congress:藐视国会contempt of court:藐视法庭court of appeals:上诉法院cruel and unusual punishment:异常酷刑dark horse:黑马de facto segregation:种族隔离defendant:The party that is being sued in court. (Compare plaintiff.)Democrat:民主党员.Department of Agriculture:农业部Department of Commerce:商业部Department of Defense:国防部, 总部设在Pentagon.(五角大楼) Department of Education:教育部Department of Energy:能源部Department of Health and Human Services:健康及公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development:住宅及城市发展部Department of Justice:司法部Department of Labor:劳动部Department of State:国务院,(与中国不同,该相当于外交部,首脑叫国务卿(secretary of state.)Department of the Interior:内务部Department of the Treasury:财政部Department of Transportation:交通部Department of Veterans Affairs:退役军人事务部direct primary:一种选举程序,中国无对应的名词,遂附英语原注释An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party’s ticket in a subsequent election for public office. district attorney:地区检控官(律师) dollar diplomacy:美元外交domino theory:多米诺理论(指对一个主要的共产党国家失去控制将导致区域性共产主义运动.donkey:驴,民主党的徽记double jeopardy:双重处罚,指在统一管辖范围对统一犯罪审判两次.该属宪法禁止的.draft:抓壮丁式的征兵draft dodger:逃壮丁者Drug Enforcement Administration:毒品管理署due process of law:正当审判原则, 指公民未经正当合法的司法程序不得被剥夺生命,自由和财产.E pluribus unum:众多中的一个.(拉丁语美国格言,印在美国货币上)Eastern Establishment:东部权势集团Electoral College:选民代表(选民选出的再投票代表们)elephant:象(共和党党徽) entitlements:联邦资助项目(复) Environmental Protection Agency:环保署Equal Employment Opportunity Commission:平等就业机会委员会equal opportunity:机会平等(教育,就业,人权等方面)equal protection of the laws:法律面前人人平等Equal Rights Amendment:平权修正案equal time:指政党代表在电视,电台辩论发言时间均等ex post facto:溯及既往ex post facto law:溯及既往的法律 (为宪法所禁止)executive branch:执行部门farm bloc:国会里的农业集团favorite son:最佳候选人Federal Bureau of Investigation:联邦调查局federalism:联邦制fellow traveler:同党felony:重罪Fifth Amendment:第五修正俺filibuster:为阻挠议事而进行的冗长发言First Amendment:第一修正案Foggy Bottom:雾底(美国国务院的昵称,取自原座落地名)Foreign Relations Committee:对外关系委员会Foreign Service:住外事务处,(外交使团的总称)Fourteenth Amendment:十四修正案. franchise:政治上指投票权freedom of assembly:集会自由freedom of association:结社自由freedom of religion:宗教自由. freedom of speech:言论自由. freedom of the press:新闻自由friend of the court:指法庭顾问gay rights:同性恋权利.gender gap:性别隔阂.指男女之间日见明显的投票倾向的差异gerrymander:指执政党为保持选举优势采取的重划选区以削弱反对党选民范围的方法.Good Neighbor policy:罗斯福对拉丁美洲的好邻居政策GOP:Abbreviation of Grand Old Party, 大老党,共和党的别称grand jury:大陪审团guilt by association:连坐gunboat diplomacy:炮舰外交habeas corpus:人身保护hawks and doves:鹰派与鸽派hearsay:传闻homicide:他杀(有合法非法之分) House of Representatives:众议院hung jury:未作出裁决的陪审团政治用语英汉翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in theprimary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
常用政治与行政术语英文翻译
常用政治与行政术语英文翻译1.马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought2.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution3.民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation ofthe people4.经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic andpolitical structure5.社会主义制度socialist system6.社会变革social transformation7.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialismwith Chinese characteristics8.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation9.党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism10.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside11.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China12.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party13.党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation14.人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship15.国民经济体系national economic system16.综合国力aggregate national strength17.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)18.独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace19.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamentalprinciples of Marxism with the specific situation in China20.加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality21.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
常用政治术语的英文翻译
常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
常见的政治术语翻译
常见的政治术语翻译政治在国家和社会的运作中起着非常重要的作用，因此政治术语也是我们在学习政治时需要掌握的重要内容。
政治术语翻译是政治学和语言学相互结合、相互协作的综合性学科，是研究将外语政治术语翻译成汉语的原则、方法和技巧的学科。
下面将列举一些常见的政治术语及其翻译。
1. Democracy（民主）民主是一个非常常见的词汇，作为一个政治术语，其译名应该准确且通俗易懂。
民主的基本含义是“人民治理”，它是一种政治权利的平等和民主决策的原则，通常是通过选举代表和公民参与政治活动实现的。
因此，汉语对民主的翻译应该准确地表达出这些含义。
2. Equality（平等）平等是与民主密切相关的政治术语，它不仅是社会公正的核心价值观，也是现代民主政治的基础原则之一。
在翻译平等的时候，要注意其词汇的语境，例如，在平等的选举中，应该翻译为“公正选举”，而在平等的分配资源中，应该翻译为“公平分配”。
3. Liberty（自由）自由是一个广泛存在于政治、哲学和文化领域的概念，其涵义可以是政治自由、表达自由、身体自由等等。
在翻译自由的时候，需要注意其上下文的含义，并寻找可以最好地表达这个概念的词汇，例如，政治自由可以翻译为“言论自由”、“示威自由”等等。
4. Authoritarianism（威权主义）威权主义是一种政治制度，它通常是由一个强大的领袖或小团体掌控政治权力的政府形式。
在翻译威权主义的时候，需要注意与其对应的“民主”相区别，准确地表达出其在政治权力分配中的权威特点。
5. Diplomacy（外交）外交是国家和国家之间以及其他国际组织之间的政治关系。
解释外交的含义需要考虑到其历史、文化、制度等方面的含义，因此在翻译外交的时候，需要注意到外交任务不仅仅局限在政治谈判、边界问题等类似领土争端等问题上，还包括国际安全等其他领域。
6. Nationalism（民族主义）民族主义是一种政治理念，它认为民族（或其它类似团体，如宗教或文化群体）自身利益高于其他任何利益，因此应该维护自身的优势和权益。
中国政治术语的英文表达
中国政治术语的英文表达以下是一些常见的中国政治术语的英文表达：1.人民民主专政：People’s democratic dictatorship2.党的领导：Leadership of the Party3.人民代表大会制度：People’s Congress system4.民主集中制：Democratic centralism5.国家主席：President of the People’s Republic of China6.总书记：General Secretary7.全国人民代表大会：National People’s Congress (NPC)8.党中央：Central Committee of the Communist Party9.五年计划：Five-Year Plan10.党纪政纪：Party discipline11.政治局：Politburo12.中央政府：Central Government13.公有制经济：Public ownership economy14.非公有制经济：Non-public ownership economy15.社会主义市场经济：Socialist market economy16.两岸关系：Cross-Strait relations17.单一制：Unitary system18.区域自治：Regional autonomy19.多党合作：Multi-party cooperation20.全国人民代表大会常务委员会：Standing Committee of theNational People’s Congress请注意，对于一些特定的政治术语，可能存在不同的翻译版本。
以上提供的英文表达是常见的翻译方式，但具体表达可能会因上下文和语境而有所不同。
当前常用政治术语的英文翻译
当前常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" import ant Thought.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the libe ration of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure.社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party.党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of t he first (second\third)generation.人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorshipl国民经济体系national economic system.综合国力aggregate national strength.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP).独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific si tuation in China.加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
常见政治术语翻译
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❖ 居民消费价格：consumer prices
❖ 国内生产总值： national gross products
❖ 经济全球化：economic globalization
❖ 标本兼治：address both the symptoms and root
causes of problems
❖ 热点问题： hot issues
❖ 借鉴经验，拓展合作，立足当前，着眼未来： learn each other’s experience, expand the cooperation, stand from the present and look forward to the future
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2.常见的一些例句表达
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❖ 坚持深化改革开放，不断完善有利于科学发展的体 制机制。我们把深化改革开放作为应对国际金融危 机的强大动力，努力消除体制障碍，不断提高对外 开放水平。
Consultative Conference) ❖ 全国人大：NPC (National People’s Congress) ❖ 党中央： the Party Central Committee ❖ 中国特色社会主义：socialism with Chinese characteristics ❖ 宏观调控： macro-control ❖ 科学发展观： scientific outlook on development
❖ 互利共赢的开放战略： an open strategy of mutual
benefit
❖ 持久和平：lasting/sustained/durable peace
❖ 社会保障体系：social security system
常见政治术语翻译
改革开放：reform and opening up 国务院：state council 政府工作报告：report on the work of government 全国政协：CPPCC（Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference) 全国人大：NPC (National People’s Congress) 中国特色社会主义：socialism with Chinese characteristics 宏观调控： macro-control 科学发展观： scientific outlook on development
全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、 社会建设以及生态文明建设，加快全面建设小康社 会进程，努力实现经济社会又好又快发展。
We need to make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development; pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.
处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结 构和管理好通胀预期的关系。
We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.
常用政治术语翻译
1．坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展Pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain harmony during development and ensure peaceful development 2．全面落实科学发展观Fully apply (原为implement) the Scientific Outlook on Development3．推动经济社会发展切实转入科学发展轨道To truly put economic and social development on a scientific track4．科学发展Develop in a scientific manner5．走科学发展道路Follow a scientific path of development 6．科学民主决策Make decisions scientifically and democratically7．中央The national leadership/the central Party and government authorities(原为：the central authorities)8．今年提出GDP增长8％左右的指标The target set for GDP growth this year is around 8%.9．文化体育事业进一步繁荣Continued progress was made in cultural and sports programs.10．关心支持残疾人事业的发展We will continue to show concern for and support the development of programs for physically and mentally challenged persons. 11．我们要发展老龄事业We will develop old age programs.12．经济运行中的关键问题Major problems in economic performance 13．解决了三千万农村人口安全用水问题We made safe drinking water available to thirty million rural residents. (原为resolved the problem of safe drinking water to …) 14．制定措施解决农民工问题Formulate policies to address difficulties rural migrant workers face in cities (原为to solve the problem of rural migrant workers in cities)15．要抓紧解决下岗职工就业问题We need to work quickly to resolve the issue of providing reemployment for laid-off workers.16．国有企业历史遗留问题The long-standing problems of SOEs17．解决群众关心的看病难问题Solve the difficulty (原为problem) of obtaining medical service, an issue of public concern18．解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题Solve the most practical problems that are of most concern to the people and most directly affect their interests19．我们必须以对国家和人民高度负责任的精神采取有力措施解决这些问题We must maintain a strong sense of responsibility to the country and people and take forceful measures (原为forceful steps) to resolve these problems.20．必须把解决”三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之中We must put resolution of issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers at the very top of our work agenda.21．着力解决民生问题Every effort was made to improve the people’s well-being.22．解决拖欠工程款和农民工资问题Resolve the problem of default on construction costs payment and unpaid wages for rural migrant workers.23. 政府自身建设存在一些问题Government efforts to enhance performance still have room for improvement.24. 存在这些问题根本在于制度不健全,监管不到位The root cause of the problems lies in institutional deficiencies and poor oversight.25. 基层民主政治建设加强Continued progress was made in democracy at the village and community level.26. 领导干部要深入基层了解群众疾苦Leading officials should visit communities (不用grassroots) to better understand (原为find about) the problems troubling the people.27. 加强基层民主Expand democracy at village and community level28. 经济结构矛盾突出There are still serious structural problems in the economy.29. 银行资金流动性过剩问题突出The problem of excessive liquidity(原为：liquidity in banks) is serious.30. 国际收支不平衡矛盾比较突出Imbalance in international payments is fairly serious.31. 着力解决外贸顺差过大的矛盾Take measures to reduce the excessively large trade surplus (原为to mitigate the problem of excessively large trade surplus)32. 从各方面采取措施缓解国际收支不平衡的矛盾Adopt various measures (原为in various areas)to ease imbalance in international payments 33. 引发投资增长过快的因素仍然存在The factors causing overheated investment remain.34. 法定支出Legally mandated expenditure35. 政策性企业破产Policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises 36. 不少支出增长是刚性的Many increases in expenditure are fixed/mandatory.37. 积极稳妥推进企业政策性破产工作Actively yet prudently proceed with work related to policy mandated bankruptcy of enterprises38. 外贸顺差较大The foreign trade surplus has become large (原为too large, quite large).39. 中央财政2003-2006年超收较多The central government revenue exceeded targets by a fair amount for the years 2003 through 2006.40. 当前财政形势较好The current state of public finance is fairly good.41. 重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展Further progress was made in reform in key areas and crucial links.42. 加强财政税收对经济运行的调节We improved the role of fiscal and tax measures in regulating economic activity. 43. 严肃查处土地使用违法行为Took stern actions against (原为severely dealt with) violations of laws and regulations concerning land use44. 固定资产投资增幅回落The growth rate in fixed assets investment dropped (原为declined).45. 避免经济增长由偏快转为过热We worked hard to prevent rapid economic growth from becoming overheated growth. 46. 这些措施进一步调动了农民种粮的积极性These steps gave farmers more incentive toproduce grain.47. 加快经济结构调整Accelerate adjustment of the economic structure/system (原为accelerate economic restructuring)48. 对产能过剩行业进行重组To carry out restructuring of industries with surplus production capacity49. 淘汰煤炭行业落后产能Close down backward production facilities in the coal industry (原为eliminate backward production capacity in the coal industry)50. 关系国民经济全局的重大工程Key projects vital to China’s economy were completed. (原为key projects bearing on the national economy were completed)51. 为增强经济增长后劲发挥重要作用Play an important role in sustaining China’s economic development52. 整顿小煤矿取得了阶段性成果Major progress was made in the current stage of our efforts to restore order in the smallcoalmines.53. 振兴东北工作顺利开展The work of rejuvenating Northeast China is proceeding smoothly.54. 国有经济布局调整取得新的进展Progress was made in adjusting the distribution of the state sector of the economy.55. 上市公司股权分制改革基本完成Reform of introducing shareholder structure in listed companies was basically completed. 56. 规范收入分配秩序Standardize pattern of income distribution 57. 整顿和规范市场秩序Improve market order (原为improve and standardize market order)58. 改革深化为经济社会发展注入了新的动力The deepening of reform added fresh vitality and gave new impetus to economic and social development.59. 我们优先发展教育We put education high on the developmentagenda.60. 高等学校在校总人数达到两千三百万. The total college attendance reached 23 million.61. 这标志高等教育发展达到了一个新水平. This marks a new level in the development of higher education in China.62. 历史罕见的严重自然灾害Natural disasters of a severity seldom seen in history63. 政务、厂务、村务公开不断扩大Government, factory and village affairs were made more transparent.64. 颁布了29个行政法规Promulgated 29 sets of administrative regulations65. 实施治理商业贿赂专项行动A campaign to combat business bribery was launched.66. 依法打击经济犯罪People guilty of economic crimes were penalized.67. 民族宗教工作进一步加强Work related to ethnic groups and religion was further improved.68. 实事求是Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach (原为seek truth from facts)69. 解放思想Free our minds(原为：emancipate our minds) 70. 政府工作中还有一些缺点和不足There are some shortcomings and inadequacies in the work of the government.71. 一二三产业比例不合理There is a lack of proper balance among primary, secondary and tertiary industries. 72. 投资消费关系不协调Investment is not in keeping with consumer demand. (原为consumption demand)73. 经济增长模式粗放The pattern of economic growth is inefficient. (原为extensive)74. 政府职能转变滞后Moves to change the way the governmentfunctions are behind schedule/have not made expected progress.75. 政企不分现象仍然突出Non-separation of government administration and enterprise management remains a serious issue.76. 向人民交出满意的答卷To deliver a good report to the people77. 政府工作的基本思路是:The basic approach for the work of government is:78. 着力调整经济结构Speed up adjustment of economic structure/system (原为speed up economic restructuring)79. 努力实现国民经济又好又快发展Work hard for sound and fast development of China’s economy80. 电视覆盖从行政村向自然村延伸TV coverage extends from incorporated villages to unincorporated villages(原为：administrative villages and natural villages). 81. 认真贯彻行政许可法Implement in earnest the Administrative Permit Law82. 关心中国现代化建设To care about China’s modernization83. 城市最低生活保障制度System of basic (原为minimum) cost of living allowances for urban residents84. 最低工资制度The system of minimum wages85. 加快建设法治政府We accelerated development of government by the rule of law.86. 全面推进依法行政Advance all aspects of government administration in accordance with the law 87. 全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设Promote all aspects of socialist economic, political and cultural development88. 调整投资与消费的关系Adjust the balance between investment and consumption89. 稳定消费预期，扩大即期消费We should ensure (不用stabilize) consumer confidence and expand immediate consumption.90. 培养旅游、休闲、健身等消费热点Develop consumption growth areas such as tourism, recreation and exercise91. 坚持区别对待Take different approaches to different situations92. 实现现代化的宏伟目标Attain the ultimate goal (原为grand goal) we have set for modernization93. 目前我们正在采取一系列措施节能(原为at present, 后去掉) We are taking steps to save energy.94. 重工业增长过快Growth in heavy industry is overheated (原为excessive).95. 监管不到位/监管不力Poor oversight96. 以更高昂的精神状态恪尽职守We must carry out our duties with greater drive (原为with an even more enthusiastic attitude).97. 降低消耗Reduce consumption of energy and resources 98. 根据经济运行的新情况完善政策Improve policies in response to new developments in the operation of the economy 99. 把各项政策落到实处Truly put all policies into effect100. 重点是加强宏观调控The focus of this effort is to strengthen macroeconomic regulation101. 有保有压, 不搞一刀切We should encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others, treating each sector according to its specific situation.102. 妥善处理内需和外需的关系Properly balance domestic demand and international demand103. 统筹考虑国内外经济发展的相互联系和影响Take into consideration the interconnectedness and mutual influence of domestic and international economic development104. 我们未能完成去年年初确定的节能目标We fell short of the targets set at the beginning of last year to reduce energy consumption. 105. 国务院将每年如实向全国人大报告节能进展情况The State Council will report on the actual progress made in saving energy to the NPC annually.106. 把节能放在更突出的位置Attach greater importance to saving energy 107. 维护社会公正正义Safeguard social fairness and justice108. 使全体人民共享改革发展成果To ensure that all the people share the fruits of reform and development109. 以改革开放为动力推进各项工作Make reform and opening-up a driving force behind all work110. 坚持社会主义市场经济改革的方向We must continue in the direction of reform to deepen the socialist market economy (不是stick to the orientation of …).111. 抓好以下几个方面:We should concentrate on the following areas: 112. 解决出口退税历史欠帐Resolve long-standing arrears in export tax rebates113. 放宽市场准入Relax control over market entry114. 鼓励个体经营Encourage individually operated business 115. 非公有制经济Non-public economic sectors116. 市场主体产权日趋多元化The ownership of companies has become increasingly diversified.117. 两种企业所得税并存的历史条件发生的根本性变化Fundamental changes have taken place in the historical conditions justifying two corporate income tax rates.118. 统一企业所得税的时机和条件现已成熟Timing and conditions are now ripe for unifying corporate income tax rates.119. 这将使内外企业处于平等竞争地位。
常用政治术语的英文翻译
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
政治词汇用英语说
我们对⼀些中⽂政治词汇⽿熟能详，但是相应的英⽂表达你们也清楚吗？Vice Chairman 副主席General Secretary 总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court ⼈民法院Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Personnel ⼈事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement 声明 n.名词mutual recognition 互相承认de jure recognition 法律承认de facto recognition 事实上承认identification card ⾝份证Ministry of Justice 司法部Propaganda Department 宣传部People's organization ⼈民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆Liaison office 联络处Military attache's office 武官处certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret 表⽰遗憾object to 提出异议take up a matter with 向…交涉lodge a protest with 向…提出*verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会normalization 正常化present one's credentials 递交国书。
政治常用专业术语50个
政治常用专业术语50个1.政治体制- Political system2.政治制度- Political institution3.国家- State4.执政党- Ruling party5.总统- President6.国会- Congress7.立法- Legislation8.司法- Judiciary9.行政- Administration10.政党- Political party11.政治参与- Political participation12.公民权利- Civil rights13.政治稳定- Political stability14.政治危机- Political crisis15.政治改革- Political reform16.政治发展- Political development17.政治文化- Political culture18.政治经济学- Political economy19.民主- Democracy20.选举- Election21.政治权利- Political power22.政治议程- Political agenda23.政治决策- Political decision-making24.政变- Coup d'etat25.政治权力分配- Political power sharing26.领袖- Leader27.政治意识形态- Political ideology28.国家主权- National sovereignty29.政治哲学- Political philosophy30.政治学说- Political theory31.统治合法性- Legitimacy of rule32.政治参与度- Political participation rate33.政治费用- Political cost34.政治核心- Political core35.群众运动- Mass movement36.政治宣传- Political propaganda37.政治病态- Political pathology38.选民- Electorate39.政治秩序- Political order40.政治法制- Political and legal system41.公共管理- Public administration42.政治对立- Political opposition43.政治秘书- Political secretary44.政治干部- Political cadre45.政治秘密- Political secret46.政治教育- Political education47.政治氛围- Political atmosphere48.政治协商- Political consultation49.政治领域- Political field50.政治权力垄断- Political power monopoly。
政治术语 英文翻译
aide 助手，副官alderman 市长助理，市府参事，地方官assemblyman 众议员attorney 律师candidate 候选人columnist 专栏作家commentator 评论员congressman 国会议员councilor 委员delegate 代表governor 省长，州长incumbent 任职者mayor 市长pollster 民意测验专家president 总统representative 代表secretary of state 国务秘书selectman 行政委员senator 参议员sheriff 州长speaker 发言人vice-president 副总统voter 选民ambassador 大使envoy 特使courier 信使emissary 使者consul 领事statesman 政治家politician 政治家dictator 独裁者government 政府cabinet 内阁monocracy 独裁fascism 法西斯主义Diet 国会house 议院，国会parliament 议会congress 国会senate 参议院floor 议席ministry 部委，部council 理事会presidium 主席团committee 委员会bureau 局，处administration 行政，管理diplomatic 外交protocol 外交礼节democracy 民主right 权利titular 有权personality 人格privilege 特权prerogative 特权patent 专利proprietary 专利Nazi 纳粹oligarchy 寡头政治的regime 政权制度institution 制度system 系统socio-社会的society 社会commune 公社policy 政策politics 政治congressional Record 国会记录conservative 保守党Democrat 民主党election 选举hearing 听证会inauguration 就职典礼Independent 独立investigation 调查legislation 立法liberal 自由主义majority 多数authority 权威power 权力hegemony 霸权influence 权势despot 专制autocracy 独裁minority 少数Pentagon 五角大楼polling place 投票站primary 预选会Republican 共和党State House 州政府White House 白宫capitol 国会大厦international 国际kingdom 王国country 国家nation 民族,国家state 国家，州principality 公国republic 共和国Sino- 中国superpower 超级大国empire 帝国imperial 帝国的colony 殖民地-shire 郡capital 首都city 城市municipal 市政urban 城市metropolis 大城市town 城镇burg 城镇downtown 市中心uptown 非商业区environs 城郊suburb 郊区outskirt 郊区countryside 农村province 省prefecture 州,专区county 县rural 乡村rustic 乡村village 村庄executive 行政judicial 司法legislative 立法federal 联邦local 本地national 国家campaign 竞选debate 辩论elect 选举enact 制定filibuster 阻碍议案通过govern 治理lobby 游说议员pass 通过preside 主持propose 建议re-elect 重选veto 否决Vice Chairman 副主席General Secretary 总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Personnel 人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement 声明n.名词mutual recognition 互相承认de jure recognition 法律承认de facto recognition 事实上承认identification card 身份证Ministry of Justice 司法部Propaganda Department 宣传部People's organization 人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆Liaison office 联络处Military attache's office 武官处certificate of appointment 委任证书exequatur 许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret 表示遗憾object to 提出异议take up a matter with 向…交涉lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会normalization 正常化present one's credentials 递交国书。
100个政治名词解释
100个政治名词解释1. 政治（politics）：指对权力的行使和社会权利分配的过程。
2. 政治体制（political system）：指一个国家或地区的政治组织结构和基本原则。
3. 政治权力（political power）：指控制政府、决定政策并影响社会的实际或潜在的权力。
4. 政治意识形态（political ideology）：指一套固定的政治信仰和价值观，通常用于指导政策和行动。
5. 政治党派（political party）：指一个组织或团体，旨在推动一个特定的政治议程和社会变革。
6. 政府（government）：指管理一个地区或国家的机构和机构。
7. 国家（nation-state）：指拥有自己的领土、政府和主权力量的地区。
8. 国际关系（international relations）：指国家之间的政治、经济、文化、社会和安全交流和合作。
9. 国际法（international law）：指国家之间制定和遵守的法律和规则体系。
10. 政治经济学（political economy）：指政治和经济之间相互作用的研究领域。
11. 政治哲学（political philosophy）：指探究政治领域问题的哲学思考，包括自由、正义、权利、民主等概念。
12. 政治文化（political culture）：指一个社会的政治信仰、价值观、思维方式和对政治事务的态度。
13. 民主（democracy）：指一种政治制度，其基于人民直接或间接地参与决策。
14. 共和制（republic）：指一种政治制度，其主要由选举产生的代表掌握政治权力。
15. 独裁（dictatorship）：指一种政治制度，其由一人或一小部分人独占政治权力。
16. 政治边界（political boundary）：指国家或地区之间的行政和政治分割线。
17. 民族主义（nationalism）：指一群人对自己民族的认同和忠诚感。
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当前常用政治术语的英文翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent’s" important Thought.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure.社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party.党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation.人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorshipl国民经济体系national economic system.综合国力aggregate national strength.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP).独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China.加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
"Three Represent’s" shows that our Party must always represent therequirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the developmen t of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain its advanced nature党的理论、路线、纲领、方针、政策Party’s theory, line, program, principles and policies,工人阶级的先锋队the vanguard of the working class.生产力、生产关系、经济基础、上层建筑productive force, relation of production, economic base, superstructure constitute.科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive force.社会主义物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilizations of socialism.有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, better education and good sense of discipline.自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识和开拓创新意识self-reliance, competition, efficiency, democracy, the legal system, and the pioneering and innovative spirit.依法治国和以德治国the rule of law and the rule of virtue.科教兴国战略the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education.倡导爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，反对和抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义等腐朽思想advocate patriotism, collectivism and socialism, combat and resist money worship, hedonism, ultra-egoism decadent ideas.先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐be concern about the country and the people before anything else.全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people.解放思想、实事求是emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts.主观主义、形而上学subjectivism, metaphysics.民主集中制、党内民主democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy.集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting.政治路线确定之后，干部就是决定因素cardres are a decisive factor, once a political line is decided.党管干部的原则the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cardres’ affairs.公开、平等、竞争、择优open, fair, competition, basis of merits.公开选拔、竞争上岗the supervision of appointment and promotion of officials, and the method for official performance assessment.自重、自省、自警、自励self-discipline, self-examination, self-caution and self-motivation.以权谋私、贪赃枉法、腐败分子to abuse power for personal gains, take bribes or bend the law, corrupt elements.小康社会、小康生活well-to-do society, well-to-do life.四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles.社会主义初级阶段the primary stage of socialism.“政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力”gualified politically and competent militarily and that have a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support.台独taiwan’s "independence"和平与发展peace and development冷战cold war世界多极化、经济全球化world multi-polarization and economic globalization 联合国宪章UN Charter独立自主、完全平等、相互尊重、互不干涉内部事务independence, completely equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs Cooperation.世贸中心World Trade Center恐怖主义terrorism开放攻坚，改革跟进，稳定保障，加快发展open and storm fortification, reform and follow-up, stable and secure, speed up development.工作策略the working tactics以企业为中心的工业化核心战略the strategy at the core of industrialization around enterprises(take the enterprises as the center).。