专业英语(给排水与环境工程 李田)Unit 9

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N ew words and expressions
Inclined tub e n. 斜管 effluent ad j. 流出的 n.流出物, 出水 S p herical n. 球形的 球的 dep o sit n. 沉淀物 堆积物 ；储蓄 存款 Reinfo rced co ncrete n. 钢筋混凝土 co ntro versial n. 争论的 争议的 Inno vatio n n. 改革 创新 inclinatio n ad j. 倾斜, 弯曲, 倾度, 倾向, 爱好 hexag o nal ad j. 六角形的 六边形的 backwash n. v. 反洗 反冲洗 m o d ule n. 模数，模块，组件
一些沉淀工艺的出流水质取决于进水水质、混凝剂的投加、混合、絮凝和过 滤。
With the exception of presedimentation, sedimentation processes are usually preceded by coagulation and followed by filtration.
地表水（包含）在高浊度下就要求在化学处理工艺之前沉淀。
Presedimentation basins are constructed in excavated ground or out of steel or concrete.
预沉淀池建在被挖坑的地下或用钢筋混凝土建造。
Steel and concrete tanks are often equipped with a continuous mechanical sludge removal apparatus.
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Sedimentation or clarification is the removal of particulate matter, chemical floc, and precipitates from suspension through gravity settling.
当通过平流池水太浑浊而不能澄清时，化学药剂投加装置就需要设置在 预沉池之前去预加氯或者添加部分的混凝剂。
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Settling basins are usually provided for chemical coagulation or softening.
沉淀池通常投加一些混凝剂和软化药剂。
钢筋混凝土池通常装配有持续的机械除泥设施。
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The minimum recommended detention time for presedimentation is 3h, although at many times of the year, this may not be adequate to remove fine suspensions.
精心的考虑到所有池子进出口结构的水力设计，去最小化短流与紊流 的影响。
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Inlet structures are expected to: (1) uniformly distribute flow over the cross section of the settling zone; (2) initiate parallel or radial flow; (3) minimize large-scale turbulence; and (4) preclude excessive velocities near the sludge zone.
进口结构考虑部分包括以下几点：（1）一致地（均匀地）分配到沉淀区域 的各个部分（2）发起平行或辐射状的流动（3）最小化产生大规模紊流（4） 阻止靠近污泥的区域有过大的流速
Flow through a sedimentation basin enters at the top of the basin.
在预沉池，（被建议）规定的最短停留时间是3小时，尽管在一年的很 多时候，这个时间可能不足够去去除细小悬浮物质。
Chemical feed equipment may be provided ahead of presedimentation to provide prechlorination or partial coagulation for periods when water is too turbid to clarify by plain sedimentation.
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Effluent quality for any sedimentation process is dependent upon previous water quality, coagulants added, mixing, flocculation, and filtration.
除了预沉淀工艺，沉淀工艺通常先于混凝后于过滤。
Therefore, typical removals of regulated contaminants by sedimentation and filtration are reported according to coagulants used in conjunction with these processes for removal of a specific contaminant.
有效设计的竖流式沉淀池比平流池运行稳定。竖流式沉淀 池的速率与较大絮凝体的沉速有关，通常为3.3到9.8英尺/ 小时（1到3米/小时）
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Recent developments have been made with the implementation of tube settling in the design of horizontal-flow settling tanks, which are said to overcome some of the previous difficulties and enable higher rates of sedimentation.
upset other operations.
糟糕的沉淀池设计将会导致降低处理效率，接下来这也许会影响到其它（水 处理工艺）的运行。
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Surface water containing high turbidity may require sedimentation prior to chemical treatment.
These basins may be constructed of concrete or steel in a wide variety of shapes and flow mechanisms.
这些池子用钢筋混凝土建成各种各样的形状和流动机制。
To minimize the effects of short-circuiting and turbulent flow, care is taken in the effective hydraulic design of inlet and outlet structures in all tanks.
沉淀和澄清是从悬浮物中通过重力沉降去除颗粒物、化学絮凝产物和凝结沉 淀物。
This makes water clarification a vitally important step in the treatment of surface waters for potable supply and in most cases the main factor in determining the overall cost of treatment.
因此，通过沉淀和过滤工艺来去除典型污染物的去除率，是按照使用在这些 工艺中去除特定污染物的混凝剂来确定的。
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Basically, the theory of sedimentation is the theory of the effect of gravity on particles suspended in a liquid of lesser density.
在一些圆形的池子，水流将会流进池子中央的絮凝室，出流水流从周围的围 堰垂直流出。
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In rectangular tanks water flows horizontally to an end weir for discharge.
在矩形的水池，水流水平地流向池子终点的出水堰。
An efficiently designed vertical tank is more stable than a horizontal one. The rating of a vertical tank as related to the bulk settling velocity is usually 3.3 to 9.8 ft/h (1 to 3 m/h).
向上流的固体接触到澄清池和平流式沉淀池会增加50%—150%的处理能力， 或者通过采用斜管沉淀池可以增加更多的处理能力。
Similar or improved effluent quality is observed in these modified processes.
类似的或改善的出水水质在这些改进的工艺中被研究观察。
这使得水的澄清是饮用水供应中地表水处理的至关重要一步，在很多情况下， 它也是决定全部水处理费用中主要的因素。
Poor design of the sedimentation basin will result in reduced treatment efficiency that may subsequently
水流流经沉淀池到达池子的顶部
In some circular basins, the flow may enter a central flocculating chamber of the basin, effluent flows vertically out over perimeter weirs.
Unit 9
Sedimentation
—p59
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New words and expressions
potable adj. 可饮用的， potable water Clarification n. 澄清，净化 clarifier n. 澄清池，澄清器开. apparatus n. 器械, 设备, 仪器 prechlorination n. 预氯化 inlet n. 进口 turbulent adj. 紊流的，湍流的 Turbulence n. 紊流，紊乱 perimeter n. 周长 圆周 weir n. 堰，溢流堰 layout n. 规划, 设计, (书刊等)编排, 版面, (工厂的)布局图 rectangular adj. 矩形的，成直角的
近期在平流沉淀池设计中，通过沉淀管的安装取得了一些进步，据说这些进 步克服了先前的困难和提高了沉淀效率。
Upflow solids contact clarifiers, and horizontal-flow basins may increase their volumetric capacity 50 to 150 percent or more with the introduction of inclined tubes into their basins.