USA History英文版美国历史简介
介绍美国历史的英语小作文
A Brief History of the United StatesThe United States of America, often referred to as the United States or simply America, is a federal republic located in North America. Its history can be traced back to the early 16th century, when the first European settlers arrived in the New World. Since then, the United States has experienced various transformations, ranging from its colonial past to its emergence as a global superpower.The foundation of the United States was laid in 1776, when the Thirteen Colonies declared their independence from Great Britain, following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. This war was fought to oppose British rule and taxation, and it culminated in the signing of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776. The following year, the Articles of Confederation were adopted, creating a loose confederation of states. However, this government structure proved ineffective, and in 1787, the Constitution of the United States was drafted to establish a stronger central government.The Constitution was ratified in 1789, and since then, the United States has grown and expanded, bothgeographically and economically. The 19th century saw the industrial revolution sweep through the country, transforming it into a major economic power. The 20th century brought further growth and prosperity, but also significant challenges, including the Civil War (1861-1865), which was fought over the issue of slavery, and the two World Wars, in which the United States played a crucial role.After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UnitedStates emerged as the world's sole superpower, with astrong economy, military, and cultural influence. However, this position has been challenged in recent years by therise of other global powers and the emergence of newsecurity threats, such as terrorism and cyber attacks.Despite these challenges, the United States remains a leading figure in global affairs, playing a key role in international organizations like the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. It is also a leader in scienceand technology, with many of the world's top universities and research institutions located within its borders.The history of the United States is a fascinating taleof growth, transformation, and perseverance. From its humble beginnings as a collection of colonies to itscurrent status as a global superpower, the United Stateshas demonstrated an remarkable ability to adapt and overcome challenges. Its story is one that continues to inspire and influence the world.**美国简史**美利坚合众国，常被称为美国或简称美洲，是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和国。
美国的历史 英语作文简单
美国的历史英语作文简单Title: A Brief Overview of American History。
The history of the United States is rich and complex, spanning centuries of events that have shaped the nation into what it is today. From its colonial beginnings to its emergence as a global superpower, the United States has undergone significant transformations. In this essay, we will explore key milestones and themes in American history.One of the earliest chapters in American history is the period of European colonization. In the early 17th century, European powers such as England, France, and Spain established colonies along the eastern coast of North America. These colonies were founded for various reasons, including economic opportunity, religious freedom, and territorial expansion. The establishment of the Jamestown colony in 1607 marked the beginning of English settlementin the New World.The colonial period was characterized by the growth of the thirteen British colonies, which eventually formed the basis of the United States. However, tensions between the colonies and the British government began to rise over issues such as taxation without representation. These tensions culminated in the American Revolutionary War, which lasted from 1775 to 1783. The Declaration of Independence, adopted in 1776, asserted the colonies' right to self-governance and laid the foundation for the formation of a new nation.Following the Revolutionary War, the United States faced the challenge of establishing a stable government. The Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1781, created a weak central government with limited powers. However, it soon became apparent that this system was ineffective, leading to the drafting of the United States Constitution in 1787. The Constitution established a federal system of government with a separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.Throughout the 19th century, the United Statesexperienced rapid territorial expansion and industrialization. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 doubled the size of the country, while westward expansion brought settlers into conflict with Native American tribes. The invention of the cotton gin and the expansion of slavery fueled the growth of the southern economy, leading to tensions between northern and southern states.The issue of slavery ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. The war, fought between the northern Union states and the southern Confederate states, resulted in the abolition of slavery and the preservation of the Union. The Reconstruction era that followed sought to rebuild the South and integrate newly freed African Americans into society, but it was also marked by racial tensions and violence.The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the United States emerge as a global economic and military power. The Industrial Revolution transformed the nation's economy, leading to rapid urbanization and technological innovation. The United States also became increasingly involved ininternational affairs, including the Spanish-American War and World War I.The 20th century was a period of significant social change in the United States. The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s sought to end racial segregation and discrimination, culminating in landmark legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The women's rights movement also gained momentum, leading to advances in genderequality and reproductive rights.In conclusion, the history of the United States is a story of struggle, progress, and resilience. From its colonial beginnings to its present-day status as a global superpower, the United States has overcome numerous challenges to become a beacon of freedom and democracy. By understanding the events and themes that have shaped American history, we can gain insight into the values and ideals that define the nation.。
美国简史英文版作文
美国简史英文版作文A Brief History of the United States。
The United States is a relatively young country, having only achieved independence from Great Britain in 1776. However, in the two and a half centuries since then, the U.S. has become a dominant world power and a leader in technology, culture, and politics.The early years of the United States were marked by a struggle to establish a stable government and economy. The Articles of Confederation, the first attempt at a national government, proved inadequate, and in 1787, a new constitution was drafted. This constitution established a federal system of government with a separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.In the 19th century, the U.S. continued to expand its territory through the Louisiana Purchase, the Mexican-American War, and the annexation of Texas. This expansionalso led to conflicts with Native American tribes, as the U.S. government sought to push them off their land and onto reservations.The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was a turning point in American history. It pitted the northern states, who opposed slavery, against the southern states, whorelied on slave labor for their economy. The Union victory led to the abolition of slavery and the reconstruction of the South.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S. became a major industrial power, with the rise ofindustries such as steel, oil, and railroads. This period also saw the rise of labor unions and the Progressive movement, which sought to address social and economic inequalities.The U.S. entered World War I in 1917, and its involvement helped to tip the balance in favor of the Allies. After the war, the U.S. became a major player on the world stage, helping to establish the League of Nationsand advocating for disarmament.The 1920s were a time of prosperity and cultural change, with the rise of jazz music, flapper fashion, and the automobile industry. However, the stock market crash of1929 led to the Great Depression, which lasted throughout the 1930s and had a profound impact on American society.The U.S. entered World War II in 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The war had atransformative effect on the country, leading to the riseof the military-industrial complex and the emergence of the U.S. as a superpower.The postwar period saw the U.S. engage in the Cold War with the Soviet Union, a conflict that lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The U.S. also became involved in conflicts in Korea and Vietnam, which had a divisive effect on American society.In the latter half of the 20th century, the U.S. saw significant progress in civil rights, with the Civil RightsAct of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The U.S. also became a leader in technology, with the rise of Silicon Valley and the internet.Today, the U.S. faces a range of challenges, from economic inequality and political polarization to climate change and global security threats. However, the country remains a beacon of freedom and democracy, and its people continue to strive for a better future.In conclusion, the history of the United States is a rich and complex story, marked by triumphs and tragedies, progress and setbacks. Despite its flaws and challenges, the U.S. remains a symbol of hope and opportunity for people around the world.。
USA History英文版美国历史简介
The United States of America HistoryIndians: The “first Americans”The Discovery of the New WorldChristopher Columbus (31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506)a navigator, colonizer, and explorerHe initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".Pilgrim FathersRelations of American Indians with European settlersThe American War of IndependenceWhat were the causes of the War of Independence?Britain’s colonial policy▪The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast▪The British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.▪“No taxation without representation”▪( 无代表，不纳税）How was the War of Independence started?▪The “Boston Tea Party”•In 1773, when ships of tea reached Boston to be distributed, severaldozen Boston residents boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston TeaParty”.▪The start of the war•In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize themilitary supplies of the American militia. When they arrived atLexington they were met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot wasfired and the War of Independence began.Boston Tea PartyThe First Continental Congress—September, 1774The Second Continental CongressHeld in Philadelphia in May 1775Assume the functions of a national governmentDeclaration of IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed.On July 4, 1776, the Congress formally declared the independence•The Declaration states: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: Thatall men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments areinstituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent ofthe governed; that whenever any form of government becomesdestructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or toabolish it, …”After being printed, the copies were sent out, broadcast and read to crowds everywhere.▪The document greatly encouraged the struggling people, making them think that they should be independent and have the right to enjoy liberty.▪They were beginning to show more interests in a common cause.▪Both a great influence on the course of the war and a far-reaching influence in world history as well.It dragged on for seven years. (1775-1783)Obstacles for the continental army:▪No enough supplies.▪Tired and hungry, while British troops fresh and well-equipped.▪By the middle of December, 1776, the Revolution seemed lost.The victory at Saratoga (1777, October)—turning point.The assistance from France▪Benjamin Franklin—a messenger to Europe to get help from other countries.▪The French King made two agreements with Franklin:•France would take part in the war against England.•They agreed to trade with each other.•Spain and Holland joined France against England—a quick end to the war.In 1781, a decisive victory at Yorktown in VirginiaOn October 19, 1781, the British general Cornwallis was forced to surrender, the war came to an end.The two parts signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783—America won its independence2.5 The Establishment of ConstitutionOn May 25, 1787, the constitution was drafted.In June 1789, the constitution came into effect in nine states.Ten amendments—The Bill of Rights—were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Civil War (1861-1865)Causes of Civil WarEconomic reason:▪two different economic systemsNorth Capitalist EconomySouth PlantationPolitical reason▪The North—Federal Government as a union▪The South—The Confederate Government: the independence of each stateUncle Tom’s Cabin Published in 1852Harriet Beecher Stowe ( l811-1896 )An antislavery novel which had great political influence."So this is the little lady who made this big war.“ ---LincolnAbraham Lincoln was elected president and opposed the expansion of slavery.Some southern states formed the Confederate States of America in 1861.Union army Vs. Confederate army3.2 Comparison of PowerThe North:▪twenty-three states, 22 million population▪abundant facilities to manufacture arms and ammunition, clothing, andother supplies▪merchant marines and the navy remained in Union hands▪federal government was better able to raise fund for war The South:▪eleven states, 9 million population▪military advantages:▪actively preparing for war▪in possession of many federal forts and arsenals▪superior military leadership: a third of the regular army's officers werefrom the South▪fighting on its own soilEmancipation Proclamationissued by Pres. Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy.-This transformed the war from a war to save the Union, to a war to abolish slavery.Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) The turning pointGettysburg Address“Government of the People, by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth”Influence of the Civil WarOutbreak of the First World War (1914-1918)▪Inevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers: •Allies(协约国)—Britain, France, and Russia•The Central European Powers(同盟国)—Germany, Austria-Hungary andItaly▪The political, economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.4.1 World War IThe False Prosperity in the 1920’s1920’s = boom, prosperity, isolationisma period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessnessErnest Hemingway (1899-1961)欧内斯特·海明威1. ReputationSpokesman for the Lost GenerationA Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1954Life Story1899Born in Illinois (his father was a highly respected doctor, his mother was a singer and music teacher)1917After graduation from High School, he left home and worked for the Star as a reporter; Rejected by the American Army because of his poor vision in one eye 1918Served as an ambulance driver in France, and then as a soldier in the Italian infantry Wounded on both legs1919Returned home to complete his recovery1925Left for Paris1936Took part in the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, on the Republican side1940Moved to Cuba1954Awarded the Nobel Prize1961Committed suicide by shooting himself with his hunting gunMajor WorksIn Our Time (1925) 《在我们的时代里》Collection of short storiesPortray the world of adulthood as an arena of danger and violenceThe Torrent of Spring (1926) 《春潮》The Sun Also Rises (1926) 《太阳照常升起》The disillusionment of the lost generationA Farewell to Arms (1929) 《永别了，武器》For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 《丧钟为谁而鸣》A love story, a war novelThe Old Man and the Sea (1952) 《老人与海》a man can be destroyed but not defeated一个人可以被毁灭(physically)，但不能给打败(spiritually)Writing Style4.1 “Hemingway Code heros”Those who survive in the process of seeking to master the code, known as “grace under pressure”, with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint.eg: Cuban fisherman Santiagofighting a losing battle---loss becomes dignity4.2 iceberg theory of writingHis sentences only give one small bit of the meaning; the rest is impliedThe Great Depression1930’s = Great DepressionThe stock market crash in1929Massive unemployment, factory and mill closings, and mortgage foreclosures Core of the problem—immense disparity between the productive capacity and the ability of people to consumeWorld War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 1945.Background of the warThe World Spread economic crisisGermany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion.Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.Two opposing military alliances:the Allies (同盟国)and the Axis (轴心国)the deadliest conflict in all of human historyUSA attitude:▪ A sit-on-the-fence policy•do trade with the warring countries, including the aggressors•believe in “glorious isolation”▪Its negative effect:•Isolationism encouraged Nazi and Adolph Hitler to believe that they could rely on American neutrality and their victims could not buymunitions in US.•Japan believed that pacifist US would not fight for the integrity of China. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Ha rbor, Hawaii. It was the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.End of WWII▪The US air force dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8.▪On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered.The Cold War▪United Nations in 1945—a new and better world would emerge from World War II.▪The conflict between the two superpowers Russia and the US increased and later led to the Cold War.Truman Doctrinethe principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the Communists as an open declaration of the cold war杜鲁门主义（该主义认为美国应支持受苏联军队或共产党叛乱威胁的国家或民族；该主义的首次表述出现于1947年美国总统杜鲁门在国会所作的关于要求对希腊和土耳其提供援助的演说中，这被共产党人视为公开的冷战宣言）NATO▪In 1949, the United States—in company with 11 other powers—entered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).The Vietnam War▪ A long-time suffering for the US▪Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and Johnson•In 1965 US sent in troops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. Ultimately, a failure•In 1975 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.The Civil Rights MovementTwo other diplomatic breakthroughs:▪Re-establishing US relations with the People’s Republic of China▪Negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the Soviet Union •Table Tennis Foreign Policy/Ping pong diplomacy•Nixon–first US president visited Beijing.•The “Shanghai Communiqué”—a new US policy:–there was one China;–Taiwan was part of China;– a peaceful settlement of the dispute by the Chinese themselveswas in American interest.Watergate Scandal of President Richard Nixon in 1972the illegal sabotage and espionage of Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President.Impeachment ---charge (the holder of a public office) with misconduct弹劾（官员） Watergate Scandal⏹To defeat his adversary, Nixon hired five burglars to set up wiretaps(窃听装置) to getconfidential information in the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex ;⏹It was exposed and became the biggest political scandal in the history of America;⏹Because of the pressure of public, Nixon was impeached and resigned in 1974.水门事件与华盛顿邮报1972: 尼克松总统为竞选连任在对手竞选总部安装窃听器被”深喉”举报给<华盛顿邮报>尼克松威胁: 报道误导,不公正<华盛顿邮报纸>不为所动两年之后,尼克松成为美国历史上第一位被被弹劾的总统<华盛顿邮报>记者Carl Bernstein, Bob Woodward获普利策奖America Since 1980’sRonald ReganAt sixty nine, Reagan became the oldest person ever elected as US President in 1980.•Economic program–reductions in income taxes and business taxes–deep cuts in federal spending in every area except defenseGeorge W. Bush Period▪George W. Bush: The 43rd president of the US elected in 2000▪During his first term, three major tax cuts▪Since 2003, America has had the fastest-growing economyThe war against terrorism▪Terrorist Event on September 11, 2001Invasion of Iraq▪On March 19, 2003 an invasion of Iraq by American and British troops started, supported by small contingents from several other countries.•“Trial of century”—the trial of Saddam began on October, 19, 2005 in Baghdad.•Saddam is accused of crimes against humanity.。
美国历史英文版a brief history of USA
American Brief HistoryBefore Colonial periodForty thousand years ago, a group of Rangers from Asia through North America to Central and South America, these people are the ancestors of the Indians. Indians living in the Americas when Columbus reached the New World ,There are about 30 million, of which about 20 million people live in Canada and the United States, north-central, the rest of the vast majority live in Mexico and the United States south. About 10,000 years ago, there are another group of Asians migrated to northern North America, which is later Eskimos. The earliest American Caucasian may be Vikings, they are a group of adventurous fishing, some people think that 1,000 years ago, they have been to the east coast of North America.Colonial periodIn 1607, one of about 100 people of colonial groups in Chesapeake Beach Jamestown, which is the first permanent colony built by the British in North America, after 150 years, one after another coming Many colonists settled in the coastal areas, many of them from the United Kingdom, and also in part from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. The mid-18th century, the 13 British colonies gradually formed, they have their own government and Parliament in the highest British sovereignty. The 13 colonial area due to the differences of climate and geographical environment, resulting in economic patterns around, the difference between the political system and the concept.Independence MovementThe mid-18th century, the British colonies in the Americas and the United Kingdom, the existing cracks. With the continuous expansion of the colony, and gradually make them aware of the seriousness of the developments, which sprouted the idea of an independent.In 1773, the Boston Tea Party, anti-British colonists dumping.In 1774, representatives from 13 states gathered in Philadelphia, convened the First Continental Congress, hoping to solve the problem peacefully and the United Kingdom. King, however, adhere to the colony must unconditionally surrender to the British king, and accept the punishment. 1775, in Massachusetts, to Lexington flames of war, the outbreak of the War of Independence in North America.Held in Philadelphia in May 1776, the Second Continental Congress, staunch war with the independent determination, and published his famous "Declaration of Independence", put forward a good reason to fight the battle. Issued the "Declaration of Independence" is considered to be the beginning of the establishment by the United States, this day (July 4) was also the United States as a National Day.In October 1777, Saratoga victory, reversing the negative trend of the war of independence early. The campaign to make the American people's confidence, and international support.France and the United States signed a military alliance treaty in February 1778, France officially recognized the United States. France, Spain, the Netherlands have war.In 1781, the Battle of Yorktown Victory, the U.S. military has won a decisive victory. Yorktown after the battle, in addition to the sea there are several warring and sporadic fighting on land, the war of the North American continent has basically stopped.The success of the revolution, the American people have the opportunity to express their political ideas in legislative form. Federal Assembly 1787, held in Philadelphia, in Washington pushed for President, they take a matter of principle, that the central authority is a general, but there must beprudent regulations and instructions, at the same time, they also accept the fact that national government must tax, coin money, to adjust the commercial, a declaration of war and the power to enter into treaties. In addition, in order to prevent the central authority is too large, and to take the politics Montesquieu doctrine, that the Government set three equal cooperation with the department, that the three powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial checks and balances to reconcile checks and balances, rather than make any rights accounted for controlling position.In 1812, Britain again invaded the newly established United States, known as the Second War of Independence, the post-war U.S. states more united.Westward expansionThe early 19th century, thousands of people across the Appalachian Mountains, moved west. Some pioneers, emigrated to the United States border, belong to the territory of Latin America north of Mexico, between Alaska and California, Oregon and even depth.In 1846, the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, the United States expanded their area.Civil WarThe cause of the Civil War, not only economic, political, military and ideological conflict. The civil war has exposed the weakness of the United States. The existence of this country, and made some test. After the test, the United States was moving towards the royal road to a centralized modern state. Slavery issue between the North and the South would disagree, the main policy of the South in national politics, in the protection and expansion of the interests represented by the system of cotton and slaves; northern states, mainly manufacturing, commercial and financial center These production without relying on slaves.This economic and political conflict is long-standing. The early 1860s, 11 Southern states seceded from the Union, and another group of government, said of the North, will be willing to pay any price in order to unify. In 1861, civil war broke out in this bloody war Americans face-to-face, after four years. April 9, 1865, the southern government failed, this victory is not only the U.S. recovery unified, but also from all over the country is no longer the purposes of slavery. Industrialization and reformThe early 19th century, the United States began to industrialization after the civil war entered a mature stage. Become urbanized country in less than 50 years from the Civil War to World War I, the United States from a rural republic. From the 1890-1917 year for the past 30 years, is known as the so-called "progressive period". In 1914, the outbreak of World War I; 1917, the United States was involved in World War whirlpool, and try to play a new role in the world.Great Depression and World War IIAffected by the Great Depression is not just the United States, the countries of the world have been implicated. Great Depression, millions of workers are unemployed, a large number of farmers were forced to give up farmland, factory shops closed, and bank failures in a recession. In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (1882 to 1945) was elected president, he advocated that the government should take action to end the Great Depression, and then launched a series of policies to a temporary solution to alleviate many difficulties, but the economy of the United States or to the Second World World War II after waking up. After World War II, with the defeat of the Axis powers, Britain and France, the strength of the recession, the United States and the Soviet Union became a superpower, the world was divided into two camps of the East and the West. The United States and the Soviet Union and their respective camps were busy preparing the various aspects ofthe military, political, economic, and propaganda, as in wartime. This state is known as the "Cold War".During the Cold WarThe history of the United States since 1960, many ways is still a continuation of the post-war development. Economic aspects in addition to the cyclical downturn is still expanding; moved from the city to the suburbs of the population continues to increase, and in 1970, ranking rural population of more than the home city population. Early 1960, blacks become the main problem within the United States.The mid-1960s, many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. In addition, due to the concentration of industrial development and population, the late 1960s, the ecological environment pollution wide attention. Since the early 1970s, the recession caused by the energy crisis of the worst. The mid-1970s, the U.S. economy once recovery. But not period in the 1970s, and inflation.In 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States, the country held various celebrations. The United States in the Cold War eventually caused the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States as the world's only superpower, the ideological barriers between the two camps in the world is broken. April 12, 1981, the United States launched the space shuttle Columbia, humans have brought in another space a new era. Terrorist attacks and counter-terrorism policy9.11 in New York and Washington in 2001, "have an enormous impact on the United States and the world, this event is by far the most serious terrorist attacks in human history. The U.S. government condemned this incident and stand by the sympathy and support of most countries; around the world after the events in a variety of commemorative activities. The incident also led to a U.S. foreign policy focused on dealing with the threat of terrorism. The U.S. government started the war on terror and action to overthrow the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in October 2001. In 2003, the United States launched the war in Iraq, the overthrow of the regime of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi interim government. • May 1, 2011, the Osama bin Laden in the Pakistani capital of Islamabad, the U.S. Navy Seals killed.。
美国历史英文版
The War Begins
On 12 April 1861, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
Economic developments had also made it a less profitable institution than it had been in the past.
At the same time, there was a widespread idea that African Americans were inferior, according to different theories.
The Nature of the Conflict
The American Civil War was the bloodiest conflict in American history, and soon both sides were running out of soldiers and supplies, but the North had a more diverse and stable economy to draw from.
Western expansion dispersed this wealth, as Americans asserted a right to spread out to places like Oregon, California, and Texas, an idea called “Maniry was an established institution in the American economy, particularly in the South, but many people became convinced that it was an undesirable influence on society.
美国历史中英文简介
美国历史中英文简介一、美国历史介绍,要英文版的~在线等United States officially United States of AmericaFederal republic, North America.It prises 48 contiguous states occupying the mid-continent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. is a republic with two legislative houses; its head of state and government is the president. The territory was originally inhabited for several thousand years by numerous American Indian peoples who had probably emigrated from Asia. European exploration and settlement from the 16th century began displacement of the Indians. The first permanent European settlement, by the Spanish, was at Saint Augustine, Fla., in 1565; the British settled Jamestown, Va. (1607); Plymouth, Mass. (1620); Maryland (1634); and Pennsylvania (1681). The British took New York, New Jersey, and Delaware from the Dutch in 1664, a year after the Carolinas had been granted to British noblemen. The British defeat of the French in 1763 (see French and Indian War) assured British political control over its 13 colonies. Political unrest caused by British colonial policy culminated in the American Revolution (1775–83) and the Declaration of Independence (1776). The U.S. was first anized under the Articles of Confederation (1781), then finally under the Constitution (1787) as a federal republic. Boundaries extended west to the Mississippi River, excluding Spanish Florida. Land acquired from France by the Louisiana Purchase (1803) nearly doubled the country's territory. The U.S. fought the War of 1812 against the British and acquired Florida from Spain in 1819. In 1830 it legalized removal of American Indians to lands west of theMississippi River. Settlement expanded into the Far West in the mid-19th century, especially after the discovery of gold in California in 1848 (see gold rush). Victory in the Mexican War (1846–48) brought the territory of seven more future states (including California and Texas) into U.S. hands. The northwestern boundary was established by treaty with Great Britain in 1846. The U.S. acquired southern Arizona by the Gadsden Purchase (1853). It suffered disunity during the conflict between the slavery-based plantation economy in the South and the free industrial and agricultural economy in the North, culminating in the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery under the 13th Amendment. After Reconstruction (1865–77) the U.S. experienced rapid growth, urbanization, industrial development, and European immigration. In 1877 it authorized allotment of American Indian reservation land to individual tribe ... en, resulting in widespread loss of land to whites. By the end of the 19th century, it had developed foreign trade and acquired outlying territories, including Alaska, Midway Island, the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, the Panama C ... Zone, and the Virgin Islands. The U.S. participated in World War I in 1917–18. It granted suffrage to women in 1920 and citizenship to American Indians in 1924. The stock market crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression. The U.S. entered World War II after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941). The explosion by the U.S. of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and another on Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945), Japan, brought about Japan's surrender. Thereafter the U.S. was the military and economic leader of the Western world. 美国历史不是几句话就可以说完的，这已是压缩版，因为我是学历史的，可能觉得什么都很重要。
美国的历史 英语作文简单
美国的历史英语作文简单English Answer:The history of the United States is a vast and complex tapestry woven together from a multitude of threads, each representing a different group of people, a different era, and a different set of values. From its humble beginnings as a collection of thirteen colonies on the eastern coast of North America, the United States has grown into a global superpower, a beacon of democracy and freedom for people around the world.The early history of the United States is marked by the struggle for independence from British rule. The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) was a pivotal moment in the nation's history, as it marked the birth of a new nation founded on the principles of liberty, equality, and democracy. The war was fought by a diverse group of people, including farmers, merchants, lawyers, and slaves, who all shared a common desire for freedom and independence.After the Revolutionary War, the United States underwent a period of rapid expansion and growth. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 doubled the size of the country, and the acquisition of Florida in 1819 further expanded its territory. The westward expansion of the United States was driven by a desire for land, resources, and adventure, and it led to the displacement of Native American tribes and the growth of a new frontier society.The mid-19th century was a time of great social and economic change in the United States. The Industrial Revolution brought about new technologies and industries, and the country experienced a period of rapid economic growth. However, the growth of industrial capitalism also led to the rise of social inequality and the emergence of a labor movement. The abolitionist movement also gained momentum during this time, and the country was on the brink of a civil war over the issue of slavery.The American Civil War (1861-1865) was a watershed moment in the nation's history. The war was fought betweenthe Northern states, which sought to preserve the Union, and the Southern states, which sought to secede and establish a new nation based on slavery. The war ended with the victory of the Union, and the abolition of slavery. The Civil War had a profound impact on the United States, as it led to the emancipation of millions of slaves and the reunification of the country.The post-Civil War era was a time of reconstruction and rebuilding. The United States expanded its territory westward, and the country experienced a period of rapid economic growth. The late 19th and early 20th centuries were also marked by a wave of immigration from Europe, which brought new people and cultures to the United States.The United States played a major role in both World Wars. In World War I (1914-1918), the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies, and its involvement helped to bring about the Allied victory. In World War II (1939-1945), the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies again, and its involvement played a decisive role in the Allied victory. The United States emerged fromWorld War II as a global superpower, and it played aleading role in the Cold War (1947-1991).The post-Cold War era has been a time of relative peace and prosperity for the United States. The country has experienced continued economic growth, and it has made significant progress in areas such as civil rights, environmental protection, and healthcare. However, the United States has also faced new challenges in recent years, including the rise of global terrorism and the threat of climate change.The history of the United States is a story of struggle, perseverance, and triumph. It is a story of people from all walks of life who have come together to build a betterfuture for themselves and their children. The United States is a nation of immigrants, a nation of dreamers, and anation of hope. It is a country that has always strived to be a beacon of freedom and democracy for people around the world.中文回答：美国的诞生和成长是一个庞大的历程，这是一个复杂的故事，它由各个群体、不同的时代、不同的价值观穿插而成。
美国历史英文American History
Introduction:The United States is a country of the western hemisphere, comprising fifty states and several territories.It is a “super”country in the world and has more than 200 years history, a quite short history than other ancient countries. Within the paper, we are going to talk about the history of America in ten parts. It is the Pre-colonial Era, the Colonial Era, the war for independence, Westward Expansion, the Industrial Revolution, the Civil War, Industrial Expansion, the World War I and II, and the modern times.Body:Pre-colonial Era: In 1492, Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands and he called the local people Indians.More than 20,000 years ago, a group of so called Indians wandered into North America from Asia.Amerigo Vespucci first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.The Colonial Era:In 1607, three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river--the James River. Then the first English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia.In 1620, a tiny ship called the “May flower” sailed from England for the New world, with 102 passengers. 50% were Pilgrims. Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.During the first 150 years, the British colonies in North America became a “melting pot”.By the early 1760s, English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.The War for Independence:there are several reasons that lead to the war.Economy: The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast. However, the British government was to make every effort to press the development. Politics: The British government passed many laws, such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act, to impose new taxes from the colonies on sugar coffee and textiles. On the contrary, the colonies kept the belief “No taxation without representation”. Culture: In the long term of communication, they formed the common culture. The national consciousness of thecolonies woke up. In1775, the Continental Congress established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington.On July 4th,1776, the Congress adopted the declaration of independence. That date is now celebrated annually as America’s Independence Day.In 1787, a constitutional convention was organized.The United States Constitution was ratified in1788.Westward Expansion:Beginning in nineteenth Century, thousands of people, over the Appalachian Mountains, move to the west. Some pioneer emigrated to the United States border, even deepened in Mexico territory as well as Alaska，California and Oregon. By 1796, a few more states have been created.In 1803, America buys Louisiana from France.The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the 18th century. This movement rapidly spread to America, and by the first half of the 19th century, American inventors were designing a variety of practical machines.The period also witnessed a rapid development in transportation. Such as the National Road, the Oregon, etc. Meanwhile, Americans built many canals. Such as the ErieCanal, this important canal made it possible for boats to carry goods to the West.The Civil War: In the early 1860, 11 Southern states seceded from the union. The other group of government, the North, said that they would pay any price to unity. In 1861, the Fort Sumter made the civil war break out. Americans were face to face with each other in this bloody war. The South has been severely damaged,and left deep scars. The four years of bloody fighting between the North and South had staggering effects on the nation. About 360,000 Union troops and perhaps 260,000 Confederate troops died; no other war in American history has taken so many American lives. It caused enormous property damage, especially in the South where many Southern cities, towns plantations, factories and railroads lay in ruins.Industrial Expansion:America’s industrial expansion was the most important post-war development. Prior to the Civil War, typical American industry was small. Hand labor was widespread, which limited the production capacity of industry. During the postwar period, American industry changed dramatically. Hand labor was replaced by machines, and the productive capacity of industry increased tremendously. Many interrelated developments contributed to the industrial growth of the United States.The USA in World War I: US claimed its neutrality.they stayed out of the war unless their rights and interests were violated.German acts of aggression brought the USA closer to joining the Allies, and the US declared war on Germany on April, 1917. The American Expeditionary force of nearly 2,000,000 soldiers played an important part in the war. The German Army retreated to its homeland, and the war ended inNovember 1918.The World WarⅡ:At first, the US kept the attitude of isolation and neutrality.After the Pearl Harbor, the America entered into the war. Once the war was declared, it quickly mobilized its manpower and industries. It controlled prices and allocated war supplies to the nation's armed forces and allies.Dropped the deadly atomic bomb on two Japanese cities, the US won and World War Ⅱ ended.Modern Times: there are three famous presidents:Bill Clinton(1992-2000),George W. Bush(2001-2009), Barack Hussein Obama(2009-now)Conclusion:Since the founding of more than 200 years, the United States have experienced crucibles, but still stick to liberal democracy political system and become a typical country of constitutional democracy and civil liberties. America's huge economic, culture, science and technology, and military influence throughout the whole of the 20th century. In the first World War and the second World War, the United States and its Allies won together. After decades of the Cold War, Americafinally brought down the Soviet Union and then become the only superpower in the world. We believe that it will continue to play a leading role in the world's economy, politics, technology and popular culture.That’sa conclusion of what we just talked about.Thank you!Reference:“The Society and Culture of Britain and America” (Chapter 1-Origin and History)。
美国的历史 英语作文
美国的历史英语作文The History of the United States。
The history of the United States is a rich and complex tapestry that spans thousands of years. From the indigenous peoples who first inhabited the land to the arrival of European settlers and the subsequent founding of the nation, the history of the United States is one of constant change and evolution.The earliest history of the United States is that ofthe indigenous peoples who inhabited the land for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. These diverse and vibrant cultures had established complex societies, developed advanced agricultural techniques, and built impressive cities long before the arrival of Europeans. However, the arrival of European settlers in the 15th and 16th centuries would forever change the course of history for these indigenous peoples.The first European settlers to arrive in what would become the United States were the Spanish, who established colonies in Florida and the American Southwest in the 16th century. These early settlements were followed by thearrival of English settlers in the 17th century, who established the first permanent English colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Over the next century, more English colonies were established along the eastern seaboard, and the population of the colonies grew rapidly as more and more settlers arrived from Europe.The 18th century saw the American colonies grow in both population and wealth, but it also saw growing tensions between the colonies and the British government. These tensions eventually erupted into a full-scale rebellion in 1775, which would lead to the American Revolutionary War. The war would last for eight years, and in 1783, the American colonies emerged victorious, securing their independence from Great Britain and establishing the United States of America as a sovereign nation.The early years of the United States were marked byrapid expansion and growth. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the young nation, and over the next century, the United States would continue to expand westward, acquiring new territories and states along the way. This period of expansion also saw the United States engage in a series of conflicts with indigenous peoples, as well as with foreign powers such as Mexico and Spain.The 19th century also saw the United States become increasingly industrialized, with the growth of cities and the expansion of railroads transforming the nation's economy. However, this period of growth was also marked by deep divisions, particularly over the issue of slavery. These divisions would eventually lead to the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, a conflict that would see the United States torn apart by a bitter and bloody struggle. The war would last for four years and wouldresult in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the nation.The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the United States emerge as a global power, with the nation becomingincreasingly influential in world affairs. The UnitedStates also experienced significant social and political changes during this time, including the rise of the labor movement, the women's suffrage movement, and theprogressive movement. These changes would culminate in the passage of important legislation such as the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote, and the New Deal, which sought to address the economic hardships of the Great Depression.The 20th century also saw the United States become embroiled in two world wars, as well as the Cold War, which pitted the United States and its allies against the Soviet Union and its allies. The United States emerged from these conflicts as a global superpower, with its economy and military might unmatched by any other nation. However, this period of prosperity was also marked by significant social and political upheaval, including the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, and the Watergate scandal.The history of the United States is a story of resilience, innovation, and progress. From its humblebeginnings as a collection of colonies to its current status as a global superpower, the United States has weathered countless challenges and emerged stronger for it. As the nation continues to evolve and change, its history serves as a reminder of the enduring spirit and determination of the American people.。
写一篇关于美国的历史英语作文,80词
写一篇关于美国的历史英语作文,80词全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, do you want to learn about the history of the United States? Let me tell you all about it!The history of the United States is super cool and interesting. It all started way back in 1492 when Christopher Columbus discovered America. Then, in 1607, the first permanent English settlement was established in Jamestown, Virginia.Fast forward a bit to 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed, declaring the United States as a free country. This was a huge deal and led to the Revolutionary War, where the US fought for its independence from Britain.After that, the US went through a lot of changes and growth. There was the Civil War, where the North and South fought over the issue of slavery. The North won and slavery was abolished, which was a major milestone for the country.In the 20th century, the US became a superpower on the world stage. They were involved in World War I and World War II,and emerged as a leader in the fight against communism during the Cold War.Today, the United States is known for its diversity, freedom, and innovation. It has come a long way since its early days and continues to be a major player in global politics and culture.So there you have it, a brief history of the United States. It's pretty amazing to see how far the country has come and all the challenges it has overcome. America, heck yeah!篇2Once upon a time, there was a country called the United States of America. It is a super cool country with a lot of awesome history.First, let's talk about how America was founded. Way back in 1776, some really smart guys called the Founding Fathers wrote a super important paper called the Declaration of Independence. They said that America didn't want to be under the control of Britain anymore. So, they fought a big war called the Revolutionary War and won their freedom. Yay!After that, America became its own country with its own rules and stuff. Then, some more super smart guys called theConstitution Convention wrote another super important paper called the Constitution. It's like the rulebook for America and it's still used today.America has had some really cool Presidents too. Like George Washington, who was the first President and he had wooden teeth. Then there was Abraham Lincoln, who was really tall and gave a speech called the Gettysburg Address. And there was also Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was President during World War II.America has had some tough times too, like the Civil War when the North and South fought against each other. But in the end, they came together and became one country again. And there was also the Civil Rights Movement when people fought for equality for everyone.Now, America is a super powerful country with lots of cool stuff like the Statue of Liberty, Hollywood, and the Grand Canyon. It's a country where dreams come true and anything is possible. So, that's the story of America, the land of the free and the home of the brave. Cool, right?篇3Once upon a time, a long long time ago, there was a place called America. It's a really big country with lots of cool stuff like skyscrapers, movie stars, and fast food. But do you know what? America has a super interesting history too!Way back when, like hundreds of years ago, America was just a bunch of forests and mountains. Then some people from Europe sailed over in big ships and started to settle there. They called themselves the Pilgrims and they had a tough time at first because they didn't know how to survive in this new land.But over time, more and more people came to America and it started to get more crowded. The Pilgrims and other settlers fought with the Native Americans who were already living there. It was really sad because a lot of people got hurt and the land was taken away from the Native Americans.Then something really big happened - the American Revolution! The colonists in America didn't want to be ruled by the king of England anymore, so they fought for their freedom. They had a big war and in the end, they won! America became its own country and they wrote a special document called the Constitution to make sure everyone had rights and freedoms.After that, America started to grow and change. They had more wars, like the Civil War where the North and South foughtover slavery. It was a really scary time but eventually, the North won and slavery was abolished.Through all the ups and downs, America kept growing and becoming stronger. They became a super powerful country with lots of inventions and advancements. They sent people to the moon, made the internet, and even had a really cool president named Barack Obama.Now, America is still changing and growing every day. It's a place where people from all over the world come to live and chase their dreams. So remember, even though America has had its share of struggles, it's a country with a rich history and a bright future ahead!篇4Yay! Let's talk about American history! So, like, a long time ago, there were these Native Americans who lived in America. They were like the original peeps of the land. Then, this dude named Christopher Columbus sailed over from Europe in 1492 and found America. He thought he reached India but actually he found a whole new continent!After that, a bunch of European peeps came over to America to explore and settle. There were like, the Pilgrims who landed onPlymouth Rock in 1620 and had the first Thanksgiving with the Native Americans. And then there were the thirteen colonies that were started by peeps from England.But then, things got a little crazy with the American Revolution in 1776. The peeps in America didn't want to be ruled by England anymore, so they fought a big ol' war and won their independence. Yay America!After that, the United States was born and they wrote this thing called the Constitution to lay out the rules for the country. There were some cool presidents like George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Oh, and there was the Civil War where the North and South fought over slavery. Lincoln was like, "Yo, let's end slavery" and he did it!Then there was the Industrial Revolution and America grew super fast. More and more peeps came to America to live the American Dream. They built railroads, cities, and all kinds of cool stuff.Now America is like, a super powerful country with lots of diversity and history. It's pretty awesome to learn all about it! USA! USA! USA!篇5Oh wow, let me tell you all about the history of America! So, like a long long time ago, before America was even called America, there were Native American tribes living there. They were like the first people to be there!Then in 1492, this dude named Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain and discovered America. He thought he was in India but he was actually in America. And that's how the Europeans started coming to America.Fast forward a bit, and there's this thing called the American Revolution. It happened in the 1700s and the American colonies were like "we don't want to be ruled by Britain anymore!" So they fought a big war and won their independence in 1776. That's when America became a country!Then there was this guy named Abraham Lincoln who was the President during the Civil War. The North and the South were fighting over slavery and Lincoln wanted to end it. He gave this famous speech called the Gettysburg Address and eventually slavery was abolished.After that, America kept growing and expanding. They had this thing called the Industrial Revolution where machines started doing a lot of the work. And then in the 1900s, there were World Wars and America became a super powerful country.And now, America is like one of the most famous countries in the world with big cities like New York and Los Angeles. They have a lot of cool stuff like Hollywood movies and fast food. America has a really interesting history and it's still changing and growing every day!篇6Oh my goodness, writing a 2000-word essay about American history is gonna be a big challenge for me! But I'll try my best!Once upon a time, a long long time ago, there were Native Americans living in America. They were the first people to live there and they had their own cultures and traditions. But then, some European explorers like Christopher Columbus came to America and started to colonize the land.In 1776, the thirteen British colonies in America declared independence and formed the United States of America. This was a big moment in American history and it led to the Revolutionary War. The Americans fought against the British and eventually won their independence.After gaining independence, America grew and expanded. They fought wars with Native Americans, Mexico, and even withthemselves during the Civil War. But through it all, America continued to grow and become a powerful nation.In the 20th century, America became a superpower. They fought in World War I and World War II, and helped to defeat the bad guys. They also went to the moon and became the leader in technology and innovation.Today, America is a diverse and multicultural country. It has its ups and downs, but it continues to be a land of opportunities and freedom. And that's the story of America, from the Native Americans to the superpower it is today. Wow, writing 2000 words wasn't so hard after all!篇7Once upon a time, a long, long time ago, there was a country called the United States of America. It was a land of freedom and opportunity, where people from all over the world came to start a new life.The history of America is full of exciting stories and adventures. It all started back in 1492 when Christopher Columbus discovered the land of America. He thought he had found a new route to Asia, but instead, he stumbled upon a whole new continent.In 1607, the first permanent English settlement was established in Jamestown, Virginia. The settlers faced many challenges, but they persevered and built a thriving community. Over the years, more and more people came to America in search of a better life.In 1776, the American colonies declared their independence from Great Britain. This led to a long and bitter war known as the American Revolution. The brave soldiers fought for their freedom and eventually won, creating a new nation based on the principles of liberty and democracy.In the years that followed, America experienced tremendous growth and development. The country expanded westward, leading to the era of westward expansion and the settling of the frontier. People traveled by wagon trains, steamboats, and even on foot to reach the new lands.The 19th century was a time of great change in America. The country went through a civil war that pitted the North against the South over the issue of slavery. The war ended in 1865 with the defeat of the Confederacy and the abolition of slavery.In the late 1800s, America entered a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Factories sprung up, railroadswere built, and cities grew rapidly. Millions of immigrants came to America in search of jobs and a better life.The 20th century brought even more changes to America. The country played a key role in two world wars and emerged as a superpower on the world stage. The civil rights movement of the 1960s fought for equality and justice for all Americans, regardless of race or color.Today, America is a diverse and dynamic country, known for its innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit. It continues to be a land of opportunity and freedom, drawing people from all over the world to its shores.And that, my friends, is the story of America – a land of hope, perseverance, and endless possibilities. Let us all cherish and celebrate the rich history of this great nation.篇8Once upon a time, there was a country called America. It is a super big and powerful country in the world. But do you know how America became so great? Let me tell you a story about the history of America.Long, long ago, before America was even called America, there were Native American people living on the land. They lived peacefully and hunted for food. But then, some other people from faraway lands came to America. They were called the Europeans. They came to America on big ships and wanted to find gold and new land.The Europeans and the Native Americans didn't always get along. They fought over land and resources. Eventually, the Europeans built colonies in America. They grew crops like corn and tobacco, and traded with people from other countries.But the colonies wanted to be free from the rule of the king of England. So they fought a war called the American Revolution. They won their independence and became a new country called the United States of America. The founding fathers wrote a special paper called the Declaration of Independence to declare freedom and rights for all Americans.Over the years, America grew and expanded. They went through a Civil War to end slavery and fought in World Wars to protect freedom. They became a strong and prosperous country with people from all over the world.Today, America is a land of opportunity and diversity. People from different backgrounds and cultures live together inharmony. They celebrate their history and work together to make America even better. And that's how America became the great country it is today!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you about the history of the United States. It's a super interesting story and I know you're going to love it!A long time ago, before the United States was even a country, there were Native American tribes living all across the land. They had their own cultures, languages, and traditions. But then, one day, the Europeans arrived. They were looking for new lands and resources, and they started to settle in America.Over time, the colonies grew and became stronger. But they weren't happy with being ruled by the British king. So, they decided to fight for their independence. That's when the American Revolution started. It was a tough fight, but in the end, the colonies won and became a new country – the United States of America!After gaining independence in 1776, the United States continued to grow and expand. They faced many challenges, like the Civil War and World Wars, but they always stood strong.They also made a lot of progress, like giving women the right to vote and ending segregation.Today, the United States is one of the most powerful and diverse countries in the world. It has a rich history and a bright future ahead. I'm so proud to be an American!So, that's a brief history of the United States. I hope you enjoyed learning about it as much as I did telling you! Bye bye!篇10Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the history of the United States. It's a really cool and interesting topic, so let's dive right in!A long, long time ago, before the United States was even a country, there were a bunch of Native American tribes living all across the land. They had been there for thousands of years, living off the land and following their own traditions. But then, in 1492, a guy named Christopher Columbus sailed across the ocean and "discovered" America. Well, he thought he did, even though there were already people living there!Fast forward a bit to 1607, when the first English settlers arrived in Jamestown, Virginia. They set up a colony and startedgrowing tobacco, which became a really important crop for them. Then in 1620, the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts, seeking religious freedom. They had a rough start, but eventually they learned how to farm and hunt from the Native Americans and had a big feast together, which we now call Thanksgiving.Over the years, more and more settlers arrived from Europe, and the colonies grew bigger and bigger. But things weren't all rosy – there were conflicts with the Native Americans, like the French and Indian War, and tensions between the colonists and the British government, which eventually led to the American Revolution in 1775.The American Revolution was a big deal – the colonies fought for independence from Britain, and in 1776, they declared it with the Declaration of Independence. After a long and bloody war, the colonies won their freedom in 1783. And that's when the United States of America was born!Since then, the United States has gone through a lot – the Civil War, the Great Depression, World Wars, the Civil Rights Movement, and more. But through it all, the country has grown and changed, becoming a melting pot of different cultures and ideas.And that's a very quick and simplified version of the history of the United States! There's so much more to learn and explore, so I hope you'll keep studying and discovering all the amazing things about this awesome country. Thanks for listening!。
美国历史英文介绍【精品】
USA money-dollar
• PKM by the inhabitant
is 47.025 $,it is the 6. country.
Abraham Lincoln
The 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln calling for no more expansion of slavery triggered a crisis as eleven slave states seceded to found the confederate states of America in 1861. In the bloody American Civil War(1861– 65) the South was defeated and, in the Reconstruction era the U.S. ended slavery.
Washington is the capital of the USA . New York is the biggest city. The official language in USA is American English. The president of the USA is Barack Obama. 2 The surface of USA is 9.8 million km 307.000.000 people live in the USA. It’s the 3rd country in number of people who live there and 3rd by size.
The 19th-20th century
It was the century of great inventions and events Henry Ford built his first car. Charles Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic. Martin Luther King fought for the rights of black people. Robert Oppenheimer developed the first atomic bomb. Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon.
美国的历史 英语作文高中
美国的历史英语作文高中American History。
The history of the United States is a rich and complex tapestry of events, people, and ideas that have shaped the nation into what it is today. From the early days of European exploration and colonization to the present day,the United States has been a beacon of freedom, democracy, and opportunity for people around the world.One of the most significant events in American historyis the American Revolution, which began in 1775 and culminated in the United States declaring its independence from Great Britain in 1776. The revolution was a turning point in the nation's history, as it marked the beginningof the United States as an independent and sovereign nation. The Declaration of Independence, written by ThomasJefferson and adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, articulated the principles of liberty, equality, and self-government that have since become the foundation ofAmerican democracy.Following the revolution, the United States embarked on a period of westward expansion, as settlers moved acrossthe continent in search of land, opportunity, and a better life. This period of expansion was marked by conflict with Native American tribes, as well as with other nations, such as Mexico, which controlled the territory of present-day California, Texas, and the American Southwest. The United States eventually acquired these territories through a combination of diplomacy, negotiation, and military force, and they were incorporated into the union as new states.The 19th century was a time of great change and turmoil in the United States, as the nation grappled with issues such as slavery, industrialization, and westward expansion. The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was a defining moment in American history, as it pitted the northernstates against the southern states in a struggle over the future of slavery and the union. The war resulted in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the nation,but it also left deep scars that would take decades to heal.The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the United States emerge as a global power, as it expanded its influence and interests beyond its own borders. The Spanish-American War of 1898 marked the United States' emergence as a colonial power, as it acquired territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The United States also played a major role in World War I, which helped to shape the course of the 20th century and set the stage for the nation's role as a superpower.The 20th century was a time of tremendous change and progress in the United States, as the nation experienced rapid industrialization, urbanization, and technological innovation. The Great Depression of the 1930s was a defining moment in American history, as it brought widespread economic hardship and social upheaval to the nation. The New Deal, a series of programs and reforms implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, helped to alleviate the worst effects of the depression and laid the groundwork for the modern welfare state.World War II, fought from 1939 to 1945, was another pivotal moment in American history, as the United States emerged as a global superpower and played a leading role in the defeat of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. The war also had a profound impact on the home front, as the nation mobilized its economy and society for the war effort, leading to unprecedented levels of industrial production and economic growth.The post-war period saw the United States emerge as the world's preeminent superpower, as it played a leading role in the establishment of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, dominated the latter half of the 20th century and shaped the nation's foreign policy and national security strategy.The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s was another defining moment in American history, as it led to the dismantling of racial segregation and discrimination and the expansion of civil rights and liberties for AfricanAmericans and other minority groups. The movement was marked by nonviolent protests, marches, and acts of civil disobedience, and it helped to bring about significantsocial and political change in the United States.The late 20th and early 21st centuries have seen the United States grapple with new challenges and opportunities, as the nation has faced issues such as terrorism, globalization, and climate change. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were a watershed moment in American history, as they led to a fundamental reorientation of the nation's foreign policy and national security strategy.In conclusion, the history of the United States is a story of resilience, innovation, and progress, as thenation has overcome adversity and faced new challenges with determination and resolve. The United States has been a beacon of freedom and democracy for people around the world, and its history is a testament to the enduring values and ideals that have shaped the nation into what it is today.。
介绍美国历史的英语小作文
The Journey of American History: A BriefOverviewAmerica, a land of dreams and opportunities, has a rich and diverse history that spans over centuries. From its humble beginnings as a collection of colonies to its emergence as a global superpower, the United States has experienced an extraordinary journey.The early history of America is often traced back to the arrival of the first English settlers in the 17th century. These colonists, seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities, established themselves in the thirteen colonies along the east coast. This period, known as the Colonial Era, was marked by conflicts with the native American tribes and the struggle for independence from British rule.The American Revolution, fought from 1775 to 1783, marked a turning point in American history. Led by George Washington and inspired by the Declaration of Independence, the colonists secured their freedom from Britain, establishing the United States of America as an independent nation. The Constitution, ratified in 1787, established thefederal government and outlined the basic principles of American democracy.In the 19th century, America experienced rapid growth and transformation. The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and urbanization. The Westward Expansion, which saw the settlement of the frontier and the acquisition of new territories, further expanded the country's borders. The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was a critical event that divided the nation over the issue of slavery and led to the emancipation of millions of African Americans.The 20th century brought about further challenges and opportunities for America. The two World Wars saw the country emerge as a global military and economic power. The Great Depression, which hit the country hard in the 1930s, led to the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the implementation of his New Deal policies to revive the economy. The Cold War, a period of tense relations with the Soviet Union, saw the country engage in a race for nuclear weapons and space exploration.The 21st century has seen America continue to shape the global landscape. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as the fight against terrorism, have been key foreignpolicy priorities. domestically, the country has faced challenges such as the financial crisis of 2008 and the ongoing debate over social and political issues such as race, immigration, and climate change.Throughout its history, America has been a nation of immigrants, drawing people from all over the world. This cultural diversity has enriched the country's identity and contributed to its unique blend of traditions and values. In conclusion, the history of America is a tapestry of moments and events that have shaped the nation into what it is today. From its humble beginnings to its current status as a global leader, the United States has demonstrated resilience, innovation, and a commitment to the principles of freedom and democracy. As it moves forward into the future, America continues to play a pivotal role in world affairs, inspiring hope and dreams for generations.**美国历史的旅程：简要概述**美国，这片充满梦想和机遇的土地，拥有数百年丰富多彩的历史。
USAHistory英文版美国历史简介
❖The United States of America History❖Indians: The “first Americans”❖The Discovery of the New World❖Christopher Columbus (31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506)a navigator, colonizer, and explorerHe initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".❖Pilgrim Fathers❖Relations of American Indians with European settlers❖The American War of IndependenceWhat were the causes of the War of Independence?Britain’s colonial policy▪The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast▪The British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.▪“No taxation without representation”▪( 无代表，不纳税）❖How was the War of Independence started?▪The “Boston Tea Party”•In 1773, when ships of tea reached Boston to be distributed, severaldozen Boston residents boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston TeaParty”.▪The start of the war•In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize themilitary supplies of the American militia. When they arrived atLexington they were met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot wasfired and the War of Independence began.❖Boston Tea Party❖The First Continental Congress—September, 1774❖The Second Continental CongressHeld in Philadelphia in May 1775Assume the functions of a national government❖Declaration of IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed.On July 4, 1776, the Congress formally declared the independence•The Declaration states: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: Thatall men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments areinstituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent ofthe governed; that whenever any form of government becomesdestructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or toabolish it, …”After being printed, the copies were sent out, broadcast and read to crowds everywhere.▪The document greatly encouraged the struggling people, making them think that they should be independent and have the right to enjoy liberty.▪They were beginning to show more interests in a common cause.▪Both a great influence on the course of the war and a far-reaching influence in world history as well.❖It dragged on for seven years. (1775-1783)❖Obstacles for the continental army:▪No enough supplies.▪Tired and hungry, while British troops fresh and well-equipped.▪By the middle of December, 1776, the Revolution seemed lost.❖The victory at Saratoga (1777, October)—turning point.❖The assistance from France▪Benjamin Franklin—a messenger to Europe to get help from other countries.▪The French King made two agreements with Franklin:•France would take part in the war against England.•They agreed to trade with each other.•Spain and Holland joined France against England•—a quick end to the war.❖In 1781, a decisive victory at Yorktown in Virginia❖On October 19, 1781, the British general Cornwallis was forced to surrender, the war came to an end.❖The two parts signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783—America won its independence❖The Establishment of Constitution❖On May 25, 1787, the constitution was drafted.❖In June 1789, the constitution came into effect in nine states.❖Ten amendments—The Bill of Rights—were added to the Constitution in 1791.❖The Civil War (1861-1865)❖Causes of Civil War❖Economic reason:▪two different economic systemsNorth Capitalist EconomySouth Plantation❖Political reason▪The North—Federal Government as a union▪The South—The Confederate Government: the independence of each state❖Uncle Tom’s Cabin Published in 1852❖Harriet Beecher Stowe ( l811-1896 )❖An antislavery novel which had great political influence.❖"So this is the little lady who made this big war.“---Lincoln❖Abraham Lincoln was elected president and opposed the expansion of slavery.❖Some southern states formed the Confederate States of America in 1861.❖Union army Vs. Confederate army❖Comparison of Power❖The North:▪twenty-three states, 22 million population▪abundant facilities to manufacture arms and ammunition, clothing, andother supplies▪merchant marines and the navy remained in Union hands▪federal government was better able to raise fund for war ❖The South:▪eleven states, 9 million population▪military advantages:▪actively preparing for war▪in possession of many federal forts and arsenals▪superior military leadership: a third of the regular army's officers werefrom the South▪fighting on its own soil❖Emancipation Proclamationissued by Pres. Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy.-This transformed the war from a war to save the Union, to a war to abolish slavery.❖Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) The turning pointGettysburg Address“Government of the People, by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth”❖Influence of the Civil War❖Outbreak of the First World War (1914-1918)▪Inevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers: •Allies(协约国)—Britain, France, and Russia•The Central European Powers(同盟国)—Germany, Austria-Hungary andItaly▪The political, economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.❖World War I❖The False Prosperity in the 1920’s1920’s = boom, prosperity, isolationisma period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness❖Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)❖欧内斯特·海明威1. Reputation❖Spokesman for the Lost Generation❖ A Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1954❖Life Story1899Born in Illinois (his father was a highly respected doctor, his mother was a singer and music teacher)1917After graduation from High School, he left home and worked for the Star as a reporter; Rejected by the American Army because of his poor vision in one eye 1918Served as an ambulance driver in France, and then as a soldier in the Italian infantry Wounded on both legs1919Returned home to complete his recovery1925Left for Paris1936Took part in the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, on the Republican side1940Moved to Cuba1954Awarded the Nobel Prize1961Committed suicide by shooting himself with his hunting gun❖Major Works❖In Our Time (1925) 《在我们的时代里》Collection of short storiesPortray the world of adulthood as an arena of danger and violence❖The Torrent of Spring (1926) 《春潮》❖The Sun Also Rises (1926) 《太阳照常升起》The disillusionment of the lost generation❖ A Farewell to Arms (1929) 《永别了，武器》❖For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 《丧钟为谁而鸣》A love story, a war novel❖The Old Man and the Sea (1952) 《老人与海》a man can be destroyed but not defeated一个人可以被毁灭(physically)，但不能给打败(spiritually)❖Writing Style“Hemingway Code heros”❖Those who survive in the process of seeking to master the code, known as “grace under pressure”, with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint.eg: Cuban fisherman Santiagofighting a losing battle---loss becomes dignityiceberg theory of writing❖His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning; the rest is implied❖The Great Depression❖1930’s = Great DepressionThe stock market crash in1929Massive unemployment, factory and mill closings, and mortgage foreclosures ❖Core of the problem—immense disparity between the productive capacity and the ability of people to consume❖World War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 1945.❖Background of the warThe World Spread economic crisisGermany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion.Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.❖Two opposing military alliances:the (同盟国)and the (轴心国)❖the in all of human historyUSA attitude:▪ A sit-on-the-fence policy•do trade with the warring countries, including the aggressors•believe in “glorious isolation”▪Its negative effect:•Isolationism encouraged Nazi and Adolph Hitler to believe that they could rely on American neutrality and their victims could not buymunitions in US.•Japan believed that pacifist US would not fight for the integrity of China. ❖On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It was the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.❖End of WWII▪The US air force dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8.▪On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered.❖The Cold War▪United Nations in 1945—a new and better world would emerge from World War II.▪The conflict between the two superpowers Russia and the US increased and later led to the Cold War.❖Truman Doctrinethe principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the Communists as an open declaration of the cold war杜鲁门主义（该主义认为美国应支持受苏联军队或共产党叛乱威胁的国家或民族；该主义的首次表述出现于1947年美国总统杜鲁门在国会所作的关于要求对希腊和土耳其提供援助的演说中，这被共产党人视为公开的冷战宣言）❖NATO▪In 1949, the United States—in company with 11 other powers—entered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).❖The Vietnam War▪ A long-time suffering for the US▪Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and Johnson•In 1965 US sent in troops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. Ultimately, a failure•In 1975 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.❖The Civil Rights Movement❖Two other diplomatic breakthroughs:▪Re-establishing US relations with the People’s Republic of China▪Negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the Soviet Union •Table Tennis Foreign Policy/Ping pong diplomacy•Nixon–first US president visited Beijing.•The “Shanghai Communiqué”—a new US policy:–there was one China;–Taiwan was part of China;– a peaceful settlement of the dispute by the Chinese themselveswas in American interest.Watergate Scandal of President Richard Nixon in 1972the illegal sabotage and espionage of Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President.Impeachment ---charge (the holder of a public office) with misconduct弹劾（官员）❖Watergate Scandal⏹To defeat his adversary, Nixon hired five burglars to set up wiretaps(窃听装置) to getconfidential information in the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex ;⏹It was exposed and became the biggest political scandal in the history of America;⏹Because of the pressure of public, Nixon was impeached and resigned in 1974.水门事件与华盛顿邮报❖1972: 尼克松总统为竞选连任在对手竞选总部安装窃听器❖被”深喉”举报给<华盛顿邮报>❖尼克松威胁: 报道误导,不公正❖<华盛顿邮报纸>不为所动❖两年之后,尼克松成为美国历史上第一位被被弹劾的总统❖<华盛顿邮报>记者Carl Bernstein, Bob Woodward获普利策奖❖America Since 1980’s❖Ronald ReganAt sixty nine, Reagan became the oldest person ever elected as US President in 1980.•Economic program–reductions in income taxes and business taxes–deep cuts in federal spending in every area except defense❖George W. Bush Period▪George W. Bush: The 43rd president of the US elected in 2000▪During his first term, three major tax cuts▪Since 2003, America has had the fastest-growing economy❖The war against terrorism▪Terrorist Event on September 11, 2001❖Invasion of Iraq▪On March 19, 2003 an invasion of Iraq by American and British troops started, supported by small contingents from several other countries.•“Trial of century”—the trial of Saddam began on October, 19, 2005 in Baghdad.•Saddam is accused of crimes against humanity.。
描写美国历史的英语作文
描写美国历史的英语作文English:The history of the United States is a complex tapestry woven with diverse cultures, conflicts, and triumphs. From the arrival of European settlers in the 16th century to the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, the US has experienced moments of great progress and profound challenge. The American Revolution marked the birth of a new nation founded on principles of democracy and freedom, while the Civil War tested the Union's endurance and ultimately led to the abolition of slavery. The Industrial Revolution transformed the economy and society, paving the way for rapid technological advancements and urbanization. The 20th century saw America emerge as a global superpower, playing a key role in both world wars and the Cold War. The civil rights movement fought against racial segregation and discrimination, leading to landmark legislation and social change. Today, the US continues to grapple with issues of inequality, political division, and the ongoing struggle for social justice.中文翻译:美国的历史是由不同文化、冲突和胜利交织而成的复杂画卷。
american history美国历史简介(总结自托福词以类记)
美国历史American History -1Stage 1. Discovery of North America 北美的发现西班牙国王资助Columbus的远征(expedition)，发现了美洲大陆。
很多人错误地认为哥伦布是西班牙人(Spanish)，其实他是意大利人(Italian)，这位仁兄最终发现了美洲，却以为自己到了印度(India)，于是称美洲土著(Native Americans)为印第安人(Indians)，(可怜的北美土著英文冠名权就这样被剥夺了。
)巨大的利益很快引起了当时的世界强国英、法、西班牙、荷兰等的觊觎。
美国历史American History -2Stage 2. English Settlement 英国后裔的定居Early colonization was under individual control. Two historical events:1.1607年一个英国商业性公司(company) 在Massachusetts 建立了第一个成功的殖民定居地Jamestown，可以推断此前建立的定居地均以失败告终；2.1620年五月花(May Flower)号载着一船被排挤的清教徒(Puritans)来到美洲大陆，他们算是美国人的祖先(ancestors/ predecessors)，正是这些人当年的境遇使得后来的美国以追求“自由、民主、平等”为己任。
美国历史American History -3Stage 3. Colonial Era 殖民地时期当时的美洲大陆无异于一块肥肉，西班牙、法国都曾为了瓜分这片土地与大英帝国展开激励的竞争，其中最著名的就是英法百年战争，最终英国获得了对北美大陆的控制权。
ETS对此阶段并不关注，所以有关这一时期的考题也就非常少。
美国历史American History -4Stage4.American Revolution美国革命(1775~1783)美国革命就是美国独立战争(War of Independence/ Independence War)，战争的导火索是中国学生熟知的Boston Tea Event，随着Lexington 的枪声打响，战争宣告开始。
2023美国历史概况英文版
Overview of American HistoryThe history of the United States begins with the arrival of Native A mericans thousands of years ago.The first Europeans to arrive were the N orse who settled briefly in Newfoundland around1000AD.In1492,Chri stopher Columbus landed in America and opened the door to European ex ploration and settlement of the New World.Over the next300years,the Spanish,French,Dutch,and English establis hed colonies in America.These colonies were founded for different reaso ns and developed distinct cultures,but they all came under British rule in the mid-18th century.In1775,the American colonies rebelled against British rule and declared their independence,leading to the American Revolution.The United Stat es was founded as a federal union of13states and in1787,the United Sta tes Constitution was written to establish a strong central government.The19th century saw unprecedented growth and expansion,with the Lou isiana Purchase in1803,the Mexican-American War in1846-1848,and the California Gold Rush in1849.The country expanded to the Pacific Ocean and became a global power.The mid19th century saw the rise of sectionalism and the issue of slavery caused the nation to break apart into a Civil War between the North and S outh.The North emerged victorious and slavery was abolished,but the co untry faced the struggle of Reconstruction following the war.The20th century saw the United States become a world superpower,with involvement in World War I,World War II,the Cold War,the Korean Wa r,and the Vietnam War.The country also experienced social and political turmoil,including the civil rights movement,the feminist movement,and the counterculture movement.In recent years,the United States has faced challenges such as political po larization,economic inequality,and racial tensions,but also continues to be a leader in technology,innovation,and democracy.。
美国历史英语简介
The War of Independence
• Time
– On October 19, 1781
• Result
– The British soldiers were forced to surrender.
In 1773, British government passed a new law--the Tea Act.
Slogan
“No taxation without representation”
Time
December 16, 1773
Event
A group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour(波士顿港）.
Introduction to British and American Culture
The Birth of the United States
The Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists
The War of Independence
landed by the side of a river--the James River. • The first English colony was founded at
Jamestown, Virginia.
Introduction to British and American Culture
They passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act(印花税法 ).
介绍美国历史英文作文
介绍美国历史英文作文The history of the United States is a rich and complex tapestry that has been woven over the course of centuries. From its humble beginnings as a collection of colonies to its current status as a global superpower, the United States has experienced a remarkable journey that has shaped the course of world history.The story of the United States begins with the arrival of European settlers in the 16th century. These early colonists established settlements along the eastern seaboard, and over time, these colonies grew and prospered. However, tensions between the colonies and the British government eventually led to the American Revolution in 1776. This conflict resulted in the birth of a new nation, the United States of America, and the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed the country's commitment to freedom and self-governance.Following the Revolutionary War, the United Statesfaced numerous challenges as it sought to establish itself as a viable and independent nation. The drafting of the Constitution in 1787 laid the groundwork for a new system of government, one that emphasized the principles of democracy, liberty, and equality. The early years of the United States were marked by rapid expansion and westward migration, as settlers pushed the boundaries of the country ever further.The 19th century saw the United States grapple with the issue of slavery, a divisive and contentious issue that ultimately led to the Civil War. This conflict, fought between the northern and southern states, resulted in the abolition of slavery and the preservation of the Union. In the aftermath of the war, the United States experienced a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth, as the country emerged as a global economic powerhouse.The 20th century brought with it a series ofsignificant challenges and triumphs for the United States. The country played a pivotal role in both World War I and World War II, and emerged from these conflicts as adominant force on the world stage. The post-war years saw the United States engage in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union, known as the Cold War, as the two superpowers vied for influence and supremacy.In more recent years, the United States has continued to grapple with a range of social, political, and economic issues. The civil rights movement of the 1960s brought about significant changes in the country's approach to race and equality, while the ongoing debate over immigration and border security has highlighted the complexities of the nation's identity and values.Today, the United States stands as a beacon of freedom and democracy, a nation that continues to play a central role in global affairs. Its history is a testament to the enduring spirit of its people, and the ongoing quest for a more perfect union. As the United States looks to the future, it does so with a sense of pride in its past and a determination to build upon the legacy of those who have come before.。
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The United States of America HistoryIndians: The “first Americans”The Discovery of the New WorldChristopher Columbus (31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506)a navigator, colonizer, and explorerHe initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World".Pilgrim FathersRelations of American Indians with European settlersThe American War of IndependenceWhat were the causes of the War of Independence?Britain’s colonial policy▪The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast▪The British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies.▪“No taxation without representation”▪( 无代表，不纳税）How was the War of Independence started?▪The “Boston Tea Party”•In 1773, when ships of tea reached Boston to be distributed, severaldozen Boston residents boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston TeaParty”.▪The start of the war•In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize themilitary supplies of the American militia. When they arrived atLexington they were met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot wasfired and the War of Independence began.Boston Tea PartyThe First Continental Congress—September, 1774The Second Continental CongressHeld in Philadelphia in May 1775Assume the functions of a national governmentDeclaration of IndependenceOn July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed.On July 4, 1776, the Congress formally declared the independence•The Declaration states: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: Thatall men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments areinstituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent ofthe governed; that whenever any form of government becomesdestructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or toabolish it, …”After being printed, the copies were sent out, broadcast and read to crowds everywhere.▪The document greatly encouraged the struggling people, making them think that they should be independent and have the right to enjoy liberty.▪They were beginning to show more interests in a common cause.▪Both a great influence on the course of the war and a far-reaching influence in world history as well.It dragged on for seven years. (1775-1783)Obstacles for the continental army:▪No enough supplies.▪Tired and hungry, while British troops fresh and well-equipped.▪By the middle of December, 1776, the Revolution seemed lost.The victory at Saratoga (1777, October)—turning point.The assistance from France▪Benjamin Franklin—a messenger to Europe to get help from other countries.▪The French King made two agreements with Franklin:•France would take part in the war against England.•They agreed to trade with each other.•Spain and Holland joined France against England—a quick end to the war.In 1781, a decisive victory at Yorktown in VirginiaOn October 19, 1781, the British general Cornwallis was forced to surrender, the war came to an end.The two parts signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783—America won its independence2.5 The Establishment of ConstitutionOn May 25, 1787, the constitution was drafted.In June 1789, the constitution came into effect in nine states.Ten amendments—The Bill of Rights—were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Civil War (1861-1865)Causes of Civil WarEconomic reason:▪two different economic systemsNorth Capitalist EconomySouth PlantationPolitical reason▪The North—Federal Government as a union▪The South—The Confederate Government: the independence of each stateUncle Tom’s Cabin Published in 1852Harriet Beecher Stowe ( l811-1896 )An antislavery novel which had great political influence."So this is the little lady who made this big war.“ ---LincolnAbraham Lincoln was elected president and opposed the expansion of slavery.Some southern states formed the Confederate States of America in 1861.Union army Vs. Confederate army3.2 Comparison of PowerThe North:▪twenty-three states, 22 million population▪abundant facilities to manufacture arms and ammunition, clothing, andother supplies▪merchant marines and the navy remained in Union hands▪federal government was better able to raise fund for war The South:▪eleven states, 9 million population▪military advantages:▪actively preparing for war▪in possession of many federal forts and arsenals▪superior military leadership: a third of the regular army's officers werefrom the South▪fighting on its own soilEmancipation Proclamationissued by Pres. Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy.-This transformed the war from a war to save the Union, to a war to abolish slavery.Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) The turning pointGettysburg Address“Government of the People, by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth”Influence of the Civil WarOutbreak of the First World War (1914-1918)▪Inevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers: •Allies(协约国)—Britain, France, and Russia•The Central European Powers(同盟国)—Germany, Austria-Hungary andItaly▪The political, economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.4.1 World War IThe False Prosperity in the 1920’s1920’s = boom, prosperity, isolationisma period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessnessErnest Hemingway (1899-1961)欧内斯特·海明威1. ReputationSpokesman for the Lost GenerationA Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1954Life Story1899Born in Illinois (his father was a highly respected doctor, his mother was a singer and music teacher)1917After graduation from High School, he left home and worked for the Star as a reporter; Rejected by the American Army because of his poor vision in one eye 1918Served as an ambulance driver in France, and then as a soldier in the Italian infantry Wounded on both legs1919Returned home to complete his recovery1925Left for Paris1936Took part in the Spanish Civil War as a journalist, on the Republican side1940Moved to Cuba1954Awarded the Nobel Prize1961Committed suicide by shooting himself with his hunting gunMajor WorksIn Our Time (1925) 《在我们的时代里》Collection of short storiesPortray the world of adulthood as an arena of danger and violenceThe Torrent of Spring (1926) 《春潮》The Sun Also Rises (1926) 《太阳照常升起》The disillusionment of the lost generationA Farewell to Arms (1929) 《永别了，武器》For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 《丧钟为谁而鸣》A love story, a war novelThe Old Man and the Sea (1952) 《老人与海》a man can be destroyed but not defeated一个人可以被毁灭(physically)，但不能给打败(spiritually)Writing Style4.1 “Hemingway Code heros”Those who survive in the process of seeking to master the code, known as “grace under pressure”, with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint.eg: Cuban fisherman Santiagofighting a losing battle---loss becomes dignity4.2 iceberg theory of writingHis sentences only give one small bit of the meaning; the rest is impliedThe Great Depression1930’s = Great DepressionThe stock market crash in1929Massive unemployment, factory and mill closings, and mortgage foreclosures Core of the problem—immense disparity between the productive capacity and the ability of people to consumeWorld War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 1945.Background of the warThe World Spread economic crisisGermany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion.Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.Two opposing military alliances:the Allies (同盟国)and the Axis (轴心国)the deadliest conflict in all of human historyUSA attitude:▪ A sit-on-the-fence policy•do trade with the warring countries, including the aggressors•believe in “glorious isolation”▪Its negative effect:•Isolationism encouraged Nazi and Adolph Hitler to believe that they could rely on American neutrality and their victims could not buymunitions in US.•Japan believed that pacifist US would not fight for the integrity of China. On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Ha rbor, Hawaii. It was the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.End of WWII▪The US air force dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8.▪On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered.The Cold War▪United Nations in 1945—a new and better world would emerge from World War II.▪The conflict between the two superpowers Russia and the US increased and later led to the Cold War.Truman Doctrinethe principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the Communists as an open declaration of the cold war杜鲁门主义（该主义认为美国应支持受苏联军队或共产党叛乱威胁的国家或民族；该主义的首次表述出现于1947年美国总统杜鲁门在国会所作的关于要求对希腊和土耳其提供援助的演说中，这被共产党人视为公开的冷战宣言）NATO▪In 1949, the United States—in company with 11 other powers—entered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).The Vietnam War▪ A long-time suffering for the US▪Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and Johnson•In 1965 US sent in troops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. Ultimately, a failure•In 1975 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.The Civil Rights MovementTwo other diplomatic breakthroughs:▪Re-establishing US relations with the People’s Republic of China▪Negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the Soviet Union •Table Tennis Foreign Policy/Ping pong diplomacy•Nixon–first US president visited Beijing.•The “Shanghai Communiqué”—a new US policy:–there was one China;–Taiwan was part of China;– a peaceful settlement of the dispute by the Chinese themselveswas in American interest.Watergate Scandal of President Richard Nixon in 1972the illegal sabotage and espionage of Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President.Impeachment ---charge (the holder of a public office) with misconduct弹劾（官员） Watergate Scandal⏹To defeat his adversary, Nixon hired five burglars to set up wiretaps(窃听装置) to getconfidential information in the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex ;⏹It was exposed and became the biggest political scandal in the history of America;⏹Because of the pressure of public, Nixon was impeached and resigned in 1974.水门事件与华盛顿邮报1972: 尼克松总统为竞选连任在对手竞选总部安装窃听器被”深喉”举报给<华盛顿邮报>尼克松威胁: 报道误导,不公正<华盛顿邮报纸>不为所动两年之后,尼克松成为美国历史上第一位被被弹劾的总统<华盛顿邮报>记者Carl Bernstein, Bob Woodward获普利策奖America Since 1980’sRonald ReganAt sixty nine, Reagan became the oldest person ever elected as US President in 1980.•Economic program–reductions in income taxes and business taxes–deep cuts in federal spending in every area except defenseGeorge W. Bush Period▪George W. Bush: The 43rd president of the US elected in 2000▪During his first term, three major tax cuts▪Since 2003, America has had the fastest-growing economyThe war against terrorism▪Terrorist Event on September 11, 2001Invasion of Iraq▪On March 19, 2003 an invasion of Iraq by American and British troops started, supported by small contingents from several other countries.•“Trial of century”—the trial of Saddam began on October, 19, 2005 in Baghdad.•Saddam is accused of crimes against humanity.。