全国医学考博英语真题整理2005年-育明考博

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2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文:W: Congratulations! I understand you will be admitted to Peking University. When are you leaving for Beijing?M: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting to hear.Q: What does the man mean?1.A.He was waiting in the wrong place.B.He won’t have to wait any longer.C.The woman was mistaken.D.The woman should ask somebody else for help.正确答案:C解析:通过男士的话You must be thinking of someone else可知女士是认错人了。

听力原文:M: Hello, this is Jason Smith. I’m calling to see if my urine test results are in.W: Doctor White just sent them to the lab this morning. So the earliest data will be back in tomorrow’s afternoon.Q: What does the woman mean?2.A.The results might be ready tomorrow afternoon.B.The results might be ready tomorrow morning.C.The results will be ready this afternoon.D.The results were back this morning.正确答案:A解析:男士想知道自己的尿检结果,女士告诉他数据最早出来的时间是tomorrow’s afternoon。

考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. GrammarGrammar1.That grand-sized pine tree______the horizon.(北京大学2005年试题)A.stands up well againstB.stands out good toC.stands out well againstD.stands up good to正确答案:C解析:stand out against sth.的意思是“突出,显眼”,符合题意。

stand up against 的意思是“抵抗,反对,同……对抗”;stand out to sth.无此搭配;stand up to sth.的意思是“经得起磨损”。

本题是说巨大的松树突出地显现在地平线上。

因此C项为正确答案。

2.“The effect of this medicine______by midnight,”the doctor told Emma, “You had better not try to read tonight. “(北京大学2005年试题)A.will wear offB.wears offC.will have worn offD.will be worn off正确答案:B解析:当表示普遍规律时应用一般现在时,因此B项为正确答案。

3.______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.(北京大学2005年试题)A.Being shown around the campusB.Having shown to the campusC.After been shown around the campusD.Having been shown around the campus正确答案:D解析:因为在was ushered into the auditorium hall之前就发生了be shown aroundthe campus这一动作,所以应用完成时的被动语态。

2005年福建医大考博英语真题(可直接编辑打印).doc

2005年福建医大考博英语真题(可直接编辑打印).doc

2005年福建医大考博英语真题Part I. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: Read the following five passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMost American women know regular Pap smears cut the risk of cervical cancer, but that doesn’t mean they go in to get the test. Half the women who develop the disease haven’t had a Pap test for three years. But a new test may one day offer a user—friendlier alternative. Two studies in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association report that a DNA test detects cervical cancer just as well as Pap smears do. Better yet, women can collect samples for the test themselves. The Pap smear has caused a fivefold drop in cervical cancer since 1960s. But since a doctor must take the smear during a pelvic exam, women who don’t have access to gynecologists aren’t screened. So a self-collected test could be good news for patients, like the 1,365 South Africans in one of the JAMA studies. They collected their own vaginal samples on swabs. Samples were sent to the United States, where a DNA test caught 66 percent of the women’s cervical cancers; 68 percent were detected by Pap smears. And when doctors collected the samples, that study, and a second one of Costa Rican women, found that DNA tests actually caught more cancers than Pap smears.Does this mean women can bid farewell to the Pap test? Probably not. Doctors think cervical cancer is caused by the transmitted human papilloma virus. The DNA test detects genetic material from 13 forms of it, which are found in 96 percents who have cervical cancer. But most young women who have papilloma virus don’t actually develop cancer. So the test can cause false alarms. DNA tests could prove useful for older women, though. Most women fight off the virus before they turn 40. If they don’t, they’re more likely to get cervical cancer. But they’re also less likely to get Pap smears because many stop visiting gynecologists after childbearing age, and the test gets more uncomfortable. So a quick, self-collected test could cut cervical cancer rates: “If we could make screening as easy as a urine test at the doctor’s office, we would get more coverage,” says Thomas Wright, lead author of the South African study and associate professor of Pathology at Columbia. Though true home testing awaits FDA approval and could be years away, general practitioners could administer the test, too.Detection is one thing; treating cervical cancer is another. Doctors recently announced that a combination of radiation and chemotherapy can cut the risk of death 30 to 50 percent. And researchers hope to someday prevent papilloma infections: “Ultimately, vaccines will be the best way we prevent cervical cancer worldwide,” Wright predicts. But for now, the DNA test could help mainly in countries that can afford the $6 billion the United States spends on Pap screening every year. But there’s one important caveat: a new test will be useful only if patients can get medical treatment afterward.1. The Pap smear __________________________.A)has caused a fivefold drop in cervical cancer since the 1960sB)caught 66 percent of the women’s cervical cancersC)Caught more cancers than the DNA TestD)Is very convenient for women to do self-examination2. Why the DNA test cannot replace Pap smear?A)Doctors think cervical cancer is caused by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus.B)The DNA test detects genetic material from 12 forms of papillooma virus, which arefound in 96 percent of patients who have cervical cancer.C)Most young women who have papilloma virus don’t actually develop cancer.D)The DNA test can cause false alarms.3. Which of the following statement is not correct?A)Home DNA test has not yet been approved by DNA.B)DNA tests could prove useful for older women. Most women fight off the virus beforethey turn 40.C)Doctors recently announced that a combination of radiation and chemotherapy can curecervical cancer.D)The DNA test could help mainly in countries that can’t afford the $6 billion theUnited States spends on Pap screening every year.Passage TwoAlthough language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are fused with older and deeper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative. The ability to use language for strictly informative purposes was probably developed relatively late in the course of linguistic evolution. Long before that time, our ancestral species probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated, transforming the cries into language as we know it today.Although we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we still use language as vocal equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in pre-symbolic ways. These pre-symbolic uses of language coexist with our symbolic system, so that the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough blending of symbolic and pre-symbolic language.What we call social conversation is mainly pre-symbolic in character. When we are at a large social gathering, for example, we all have to talk. It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value. We talk together about nothing at all and thereby establish a relationship.There is a principle at work in the selection of the subject matter we deem appropriate for social conversation. Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communion, we are careful to select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of the stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges. When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views orartistic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.4. The author uses the term “pre-symbolic language” to mean ______________________.A)language used between friendsB)language that lacks an elaborate grammatical structureC)nonverbal expressions used in communicatingD)language that does not convey specific information5. The primary value of pre-symbolic language for humans is that it ___________________.A)Is common to all languages rather than unique to any one languageB)Permits and aids the smooth functioning of interpersonal relationshipsC)Helps us understand and express our emotionsD)Allows for a desirable amount of social mobility6. The most crucial difference between pre-symbolic and symbolic language lies in the____________.A)origin and developmental path of each mode in linguistic evolutionB)degree to which each mode may be accompanied by expressive gesturesC)purposes served by each modeD)clarity each mode makes possiblePassage ThreeIn the ultrasound clinic, Suzie Woods stared at the screen in front of her. The sonographer pressed the foetal probe over her abdomen, already stretched into a taught little mound by months of pregnancy. “There are two embryos on the screen,” he told her. “No, no, there should only be one,” Suzie insisted, her eyes now fixed intently on his. “Look, I’ll show you,” he said. “There are two hearts beating on the screen.”“That moment,” recalls Suzie, “would have to have been the most electric of my life. I was absolutely ecstatic that these two gorgeous little people were all mine. “Suzie and the twins—Simon and Sabrina, now seven months—are part of an international population explosion, a twin boom in Western developed societies.Reluctant to interrupt satisfying careers, women are having babies later in life and increasingly using fertility treatments. These two factors mean Australian mothers are having more twins than ever before. In 1998, 3,592 sets of twins were born in Australia, a 25 percent increase on the figure of 2,871 just 10 years earlier. This is despite static figures for the total number of births in 1988 and 1998. And the trend to multiple births shows no sign of abating. King George V hospital in the inner Sydney suburb of Camperdown, for instance, has just beaten its own record: 68 twins were born in the past six months—an increase of 40 percent on the previous six months, says the director of obstetrics, Dr. Andrew Child. Overseas, the number of twins born in the United States has doubled since 1980 and a similar, though more moderate, trend is evident in Britain, where twins as a proportion of all births are up a third since 1982.A twin industry has been spawned, especially in the U.S., where you can now have your baby delivered by a specialist twin obstetrician and looked after by specialist nannies. There are 10 US magazine title aimed at the parents of twins and at least three dozen books, along with twin strollers ans a whole range of other specialized goods. In Australia, there is a new acceptance of the problems confronting the parents of twins, and mothers of twins leaving hospital have access to an ever-widening circle of support and services. The NSW Multiple Birth Association has mushroomed from one support group of three mothers to 34 clubs across the State in just 10 years.Most are bristling with activity, regularly sending newsletters and social calendars to parents, holding information evenings and support groups, and offering hotlines, a library service and even advice on what brand of twin stroller mothers should buy. More importantly, these groups are as generous with camaraderie as practical advice. “Often it was quicker to ring the Multiple Birth Association than look up the baby manual,” says Suzie, who soon discovered that the euphoria at having twins was followed by a whole caravan of complications after they arrived.7. Why the Australian mothers are having more chances to have twins than ever before?A)Career women do not want to have babies early because they enjoy satisfying professionsor they have to work for a living.B)Australian women are born to have genetic capabilities to bear twins.C)Australian women are strong and fertile comparatively.D)Australian women prefer to use fertilizer in pregnancy.8. The author mentioned Suzie Woods at the beginning of the article to __________________.A)make his article sound catchyB)express how ecstatic Suzie was when she knew she had two embryosC)portray the following topic of the articleD)condemn the twin boost in the western countries9. What is the fact of Australia’s twin boom, according to the passage?A)In 1998, 3,592 sets of twins were born in Australia, a 25 percent increase on thefigure of 2,871 just 10 years earlier.B)The trend to multiple births shows no sign of declining.C)68 twins were born in the past six-months in King George V Hospital in the inner Sydneysuburb of Camperdown, which is an increase of 40 percent on the previous six months.D)All of the above.10.Which of the following statement is NOT true about U.S. according to the passage?A)There are many magazines and books aimed at the parents of twins in U.S.B)There is a new acceptance of the problems confronting the parents of twins, and mothersof twins leaving hospital have access to an ever-widening circle of support and services.C)Parents can have their babies delivered by a specialist twin obstetrician and lookedafter by specialist nannies.D)The number of twins born in the United States has doubled since 1980.Passage FourUntil recently doctors were taught that the human body lives in homeostasis, changing little during the day. The science of chronobiology—the study of how time affects life —is sparking a medical revolution by revealing how much our bodies change through circadian (daily) rhythms.These natural biological rhythms are as vital as our heart beat. By learning their secrets, we are discovering new ways to prevent and cure illness. There isn’t a function in your body that doesn’t have its own rhythm.While you sleep, your blood pressure falls, our temperature drops more than a degree from its daily afternoon high, and some blood pools in your body’s extremities. Come morning, the body has to “jump start” itself from its sleeping to waking stages with a surge of excitation chemicals calls catecholamines. Heart rate increases and blood vessels constrict, raising blood pressure and reducing blood flow to heart muscle; this might cause ischemia, or angina, as well as sudden death from myocardial infarction. If hardened plaques of cholesterol coat arteries, fragments may break loose, causing the clots that lead to heart attacks.When a leap from bed and a surge of catecholamines combine to “get your blood moving”, your blood is near its daily peak in thickness and tendency to clot. Packing kids off to school and rushing to get ready for work add emotional tension to the physical stress.This circadian cardiovascular risk comes not from your bedside clock but from your interior biological clock. Whatever hour you get up, your peak risk of myocardial infarction will come within two to three hours after awakening.The master timekeepers in our bodies help synchronize us with such outside cycles asday and night. Like orchestra conductors, they coordinate hundreds of functions inside us. Our body dances through the day to complex inner rhythms of rising and falling tides of hormones, immune cells, electrolytes and amino acids.Most people enjoy a peak in short-term memory and mental quickness in the late-morning hours until shortly afternoon. Then a measurable dip in energy and efficiency begins around 1 p.m. In some Mediterranean cultures, shops close during the afternoon for a period of siesta.In the afternoon, exercise endurance, reaction time and manual dexterity are at their highest. Some research indicates that from then until early evening, athletes put in their best performances. From 6:30 p.m. until 8:30 p.m. is the sharpest time of day for long-term memory, an optimal time to study.Our daily rhythms can bring a dark side to the evening, however. These hours include a second daily peak in heart attacks, although smaller than the morning’s. Around 7 p.m., alcohol takes longer to be cleared by your liver, and hence can be more intoxicating and performance-impairing than at other times of day—except 11 p.m. which brings a second peak of high ethanol susceptibility.Students often cram during late-night and early-morning hours. Research, however, shows this is the time of the circadian cycle when long-term memory, comprehension and learning are at their worst.Sensitivity to pain has generally increased throughout the day; it reaches its peak late at night. But by early morning the body may have doubled its night time levels of beta endorphins, which help relieve pain. Researchers theorize that this is what increases the body’s pain tolerance during the hours after awakening.For most of us, sleep is a time of life renewal. Within the first 90 minutes or so of sleep, we reach our daily peak of growth hormone, which may help regenerate our bodies.By understanding our body clocks, we can improve our health and continue to foster our survival. Without grasping, for instance, that our natural temperature rises one to two degrees from morning until evening, we could misjudge thermometer readings, A temperature of 99 degrees might signal perfect health at 5 p.m. but augur illness at 7 a.m.The effects of drugs are also subject to our rhythms. For instance, many doctors are learning to give powerful cancer drugs with the patient’s biological clocks in mind. A given chemotherapy drug may be highly toxic to the kidneys at one time of day, for example, and far less harmful at another.By turning the cycles of your biological clock in your favor, you may reduce your daily danger and increase your days of life.11.No matter what hours you get up, sudden rise from bed ___________________.A)brings energy to one’s morning workB)should help form a good habitC)may cause heat attacksD)increases heart rate to normal action12.The passage advises that to improve our health, it is essential to ___________________.A)avoid sitting up lateB)do the right thing at the right timeC)get up as soon as the bedside clock gives alarmD)understand our body clock13.In the author’s opinion, physical stress should be avoided _________________________.A)as soon as you awakeB)two to three hours after awakeningC)around 1 p.m.D)in the late evening14.If you want to take some pills to kill your pain, you’d better take them____________________.A)after lunchB)before going to bedC)in the early morningD)late at night15.According to the passage, it is harmful to ______________________.A)do morning exercise at about 6 o’clockB)neglect the doctor’s advice about the time to take drugsC)go to sleep again after awakeningD)do memory work in the late-morning hoursPassage FiveAs a person now publicly identified with the movement to reform our drug laws through the use of some form of decriminalization, I consider it very important to say that I am not soft on either drug use or drug dealers. I’m a soldier in the war against drugs. I spent years prosecuting and jailing drug dealers, and had one of the highest rates of imprisonment for drug convictions in the country. And if I were still State’s Attorney, I would be enforcing the law as vigorously as ever. My experience as a prosecutor did not in any way alter my passionate dislike for drug dealers, it simply convinced me that the present system doesn’t work and can’t be made to work.As State’s Attorney, I was confronted daily with the victims of our drug crimes, who for the most part are ignored by the opponents of drug decriminalization. One of my most painful duties as State’s Attorney was prosecuting drug dealers who injured and sometimes killed police officers. In Baltimore, as in so many other cities, our police officers and plan-clothes agents serve with distinction and uncommon bravery. Their work is dangerous and needs to be highly commended. But that is no reason to ignore common sense. The end-game in the war on drugs is not less supply or mo0re jails, or even the death penalty. It’s less profit and less demand—and that will only come about through increased efforts at treatment and prevention.A good general does not pursue a strategy in the face of overwhelming evidence of failure. Instead, a good general changes from a losing strategy to one that exploits his enemy’s weakness while exposing his own troops to only as much danger as is required to win. The drug dealers can be beaten and the public health of the United States can be improved if we’re willing to substitute common sense for myth and blind persistence.16. The central argument of the passage about the drug problem is weather _____________________.A) decriminalization will be accepted by the publicB) the authorities are firm and determined on drug useC) the police officers are dedicated to their dutiesD) a reform in policy should be enforced17. Throughout the passage the author shows his concern over ______________________.A) the appeal to the lawfulness of drug additionB) the lives of those who fight at the forefront against drug dealersC) his reputation as an experienced soldier in the war against drugsD) drug dealers at large who are prosecuted and jailed18. The end-game (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ___________________________.A) the end purposeB) the final endeavorC) the decisive strategyD) the last moment decision19. According to the passage, the aim to be achieved in the fight against drugs is ___________________.A) to cut off the supply of drugs and severely punish drug dealersB) to take every measure to prevent people from taking drugsC) to make drugs less demanded and less profitableD) to offer medical treatment to the victims of drug crimes20. It can be inferred from the passage that drug decriminalization ______________________.A) will encourage drugs abuseB) has caused much controversyC) has proved to be a happy solutionD) will encounter attacks from drug dealersPart II Vocabulary ( 15% )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. And write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.21. The effort ___________ skepticism from psychologists who find it frivolous.A) protests B) proportions C) provokes D) proposes22. As my father is not ___________ with the language, he has asked me to assume the roleof private secretary and meet you on his behalf.A) lounged B) logged C) acquainted D) omitted23. He had an ___________ habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window onto ourdoor step.A) objectionable B) afflicting C) uneducated D) offending24. The jury ___________ him for having committed the robbery and he was then sentenced tofive years’ imprisonment.A) accused B) charged C) acquitted D) convicted25. The plan was _____________ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.A) resigned B) abandoned C) released D) redeemed26. When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfilltheir life ____________.A) necessities B) requirements C) appreciations D) expectations27. The awards for the job include a competitive tax-free salary, ___________ educationalassistance plan and high standard of free accommodation and utilities.A) triumphant B) trivial C) terrific D) timid28. It was manifest that ____________ red light of day did not come from the sun.A) wary B) weird C) waxy D) weary29. He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering thedoctor’s advice, he _________________.A) refrained B) withdrew C) avoided D) retreated30 the outflow of professionals to rich countries may create a severe bottleneck in thedevelopment of the ___________ technology in our country.A) excellent B) marvelous C) splendid D) sophisticated31. This legislation also limited the workday of children between 14 and 18 years of age to12 hours, with an ___________ of 2 hours for meals and rest.A) intervention B) intermission C) interruption D) intersection32. The doctor promised that this medicine would ____________ the pain in the stomach.A) affirmed B0 agitated C) alleviate D) allocate33. The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to ____________ anyone who knows nothingabout food values.A) give up B) take in C) put across D) make over34. He was sent to hospital as a big nail __________ through the sole of his shoe, right intohis foot.A) pierced B) pinched C) pursued D) radiated35. The officer inspected our passports and travel papers and ____________ us because ourvacation certificates were missing.A) contained B) sustained C0 detained D) retained36. The question of ___________ agent is still under consideration and we hope that you willcontinue your efforts in pushing the sale of our product at present stage.A) creative B) exclusive C) intensive D) perspective37. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ___________ ofmaturity.A) fulfillment B) achievement C) establishment D) accomplishment38. Jim’s plans to go to college ____________ at the last moment, which depre4ssed him verymuch.A) fell out B) gave away C) gave off D) fell through39. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is____________ rapidly transformed.A) more or less B) anything but C) at large D) any more40. It was clear that the small grocer was _____________ people he owed money to.A) at the expense of B) at the risk ofC) in the way of D) at the mercy of41. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was____________ revised.A) subsequently B) occasionally C) consequently D) successively42. The _____________ employer is the person who will, later on, be your boss in the company.A) proximate B) prospective C) preventable D) proficient43. An enlarged prostate may ____________ the bladder and pinch off the urethra, causing painand difficulty with urination.A) collaborate B) compress C) bother D) boil44. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ___________ themthe rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A) deprives B) restricts C) denies D) rejects45. Due to their considerable comfortable environment and manner of self-service, people feelmore relaxed and ____________ at such place.A) casual B) frank C) fraudulent D) financial46. If anyone is found _____________ he will be removed from his present position.A) inept B) ingenious C) acquisitive D) admirable47. The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too __________ foranyone to appreciate.A) drastic B) dull C) distinct D) obscure48. Our attitude toward our teachers should be ___________, but not slavish or superstitious.A) respectable B) respected C) respective D) respectful49. Some people either ____________ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral aboutthem.A) violently B) deliberately C) sincerely D) properly50. The managing director promised that he would ___________ me as soon as he had any furtherinformation.A) communicate B) notice C) notify D) notePart III Cloze Test ( 10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Since World War II, considerable advances have been made in the area of health-care services. These include better 51 to health care (particularly for the poor and minorities), improvements in physical plants, and increased numbers of physicians and other health 52 . All have played a part in the recent improvement in life 53 . But there is mounting criticism of the large 54 gaps in access, unrestrained cost inflation, the further fragmentation of service excessive indulgence in 55 high-technology “gadgeteering and a 56 in doctor-patient relationships. In recent years proposed panaceas and new programs, small and large, have proliferated at a feverish 57 and disappointments 58 at almost the same rate. This has led to an increased 59 --“everything has been tried and nothing works”–which sometimes 60 on cynicism or even nihilism.This pessimism, in part, 61 from expecting too much 62 health care. It must be realized that care is, for most people, a 63 experience, often 64 by fear and unwelcome results. Although there is vast room for improvement, health care will always 65 some unpleasantness and frustration. 66 , the 67 of medical science are limited. Humpty-Dumpty cannot always be 68 together again. Too many physicians are reluctant to admit their limitations to patients; too many patients and families are unwilling to accept such realities. Nor is it true that everything has been tried and nothing works.The fact is, except for the most 69 and dedicated, there were no incentives to seek change or to practice self-restraint or frugality. In this 70 , it is not fair to condemn as failures all attempted experiments; it may be more accurate to say many never had a fair trial.51. A) stress B) excess C) access D) process52. A) staff B) workforce C) trainee D) personnel53. A) expectancy B) expectation C) expansion D) expenditure54. A) dominating B) remaining C) existing D) prevailing55. A) useful B) lawful C) wasteful D) trustful56. A) breakdown B) turndown C) knockdown D) rundown57. A) step B) pace C) speed D) rate58. A) imply B) apply C) supply D) multiply59. A) pessimism B) optimism C) criticism D) enthusiasm。

05年10月考博英语A卷

05年10月考博英语A卷

05年10⽉考博英语A卷中国科学院博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷2005年10⽉------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESOctober 2005PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single baracross the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _______ to protect the dolphins.A. reservationB. rescueC. reserveD. refugee2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that thiswill ________ the memory of the passers-by.A. keepB. easeC. jogD. enhance3. Diamonds have little ________ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A. intricateB. intactC. intriguingD. intrinsic4. At the moment she is ________ the netball match between the Japanese team andthe Cuban team over at the playing field.A. arbitratingB. interveningC. refereeingD. deciding5. Any time ________, any period of waiting is because you haven't come and received the message.A. errorB. cutC. lackD. lag6. James Joyce was __________ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.A. salutedB. estimatedC. scaledD. measured7. As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question ______ asserting, advocating or bearing witness.A. rather thanB. other thanC. together withD. as well as8. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comet’s surface in order to reveal the core and give some _________ to the origin of the solar system.A. sourcesB. interpretationsC. cluesD. observations9. The Japanese Prime Minister’s _________ is a seat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.A. precedenceB. promiseC. priorityD. procedure10. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growthwas ________ 12 percent.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in face ofD. in excess of11. How well a person __________ depends just as much on whether they’re self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise.A. jumps outB. turns outC. covers upD. turns up12. The skin of the forest keeper _________ exposure to the harsh northwest weather.A.is tanned fromB.is colored fromC. is tainted byD. is encoded by13. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _________ body and acts independently from all other institutions.A. indifferentB. imperativeC. impartialD. incoherent14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _________ to carrying out the plan.A. committedB. obligedC. engagedD. resolved15. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _________.A. struck outB. left outC. ruled outD. counted out16. Hotels and restaurants are an ____ part of the city; without them the city’s tourist industry cannot exist.A. insignificantB. integralC. interiorD. inevitable17. I reject any religious doctrine that does not _______ to reason and is in conflict with morality.A. applyB. appealC. attractD. attend18. There are three bodies of writing that come to _________ this question and wewill consider each in turn.A. bear onB. sort outC. figure outD. put on19. Success does not ________ in never making mistakes but in never making thesame one a second time.A. compriseB. conveyC. consistD. conform20. Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to ________ the extent of the cruelacts committed by their soldiers.A. live up toB. mark downC. size upD. play downPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that needs ___21___. A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from ___22___ our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) ___23___: If a fire broke out in someone's home ___24___ faulty wiring, he would not be content with ___25___ putting out the fire. ___26___, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a ___27___.Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with___28___ self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways: ___29___ that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a ___30___ that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a ___31___ with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the ___32___of Mr. Y's misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is ___33___ of pathological guilt.When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may ___34___ unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right ___35___ having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to35. A. at B. in C. as D. forPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then selectthe choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Markthe letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneJeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the world's most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, th ey have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.In the mid '40s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported byboth men and women, by returning GI’s and sharp teenagers, they seem ed as clean and stron g as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi's were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population's first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.In the 50s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock'n'roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in "Jailhouse Rock," his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like "The Wild One" and "Rebel Without a Cause," cult figures Marlon Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.By the beginning of the '60s, slim jeans had become a leisurewear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid '60s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation---as the uniform of the budding socialand sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations on the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.36.Jeans were first designed for _______.A.soldiersB.WorkmenC. TeenagersD. cowboys37.In the mid 40s, jeans gained popularity because ________.A. they made the wearer look clean and toughB. they were comfortable and looked friendlyC. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream societyD. they stood for freedom and a strong character38.What does the ―real thing‖ refer to in the second paragraph?A.authentic Levi’sB.workwearC. casual wearD. jeans of European style39.The popularity of Elvis Presley’s way of dressing illustrates that _________.A.teenagers wanted to look sexyB.people desired to look strong and manlyC.jeans went well with rock’n’rollD.D.Americans were more rebellious than Europeans40. The last sentence suggests that jeans were ________./doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html ed for military purposesB.the symbol of the ideal of social equalityC.worn by all kinds of peopleD. the outfit of social improvementPassage TwoThe ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases.Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world's Jewish population.Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners.But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as moneylending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in overcrowded areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen.But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that it's highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance.While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a person’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expecta tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.41. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are _______.A.more intelligent than other JewsB.more likely to be sick than other JewsC.endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseasesD.more likely to be born with genetic diseases42. According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in ______.A.the whole Europe and Eastern AsiaB. B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countriesC.Eastern Europe and a few Asian countriesD.Eastern Europe and Germany43. Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s and Niemann-Pick are _______.A.diseases caused by absence of an enzymeB.life-threatening genetic diseasesC.diseases that make people more intelligentD.the same disease with different terms44.The ―lucrative job‖ may most probably be a job which is _______.A.ProfitableB.unsteadyC.challengingD.permanent45.The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchersbelieve that _______.A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligenceB. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligenceC. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genesD. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance46.From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future ________.A.Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthierB.there would be more outstanding Ashkenazim intellectualsC.Ashkenazim would be more intelligent and less healthyD.the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeplyPassage ThreeSometimes it's just hard to choose. You're in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down it in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff - be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government's philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but.Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don't have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don't have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes.Choice wasn't supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn't: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety.Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you ofsomething you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice-limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers' remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.47.The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice_______.A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a mealB. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitationC. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality foodD. it is possible to get to know his customer’s partner48.It is implied that it is the government’s inten tion to _______.A.improve the quality of TV programsB.try to offer greater choice over public service systemsC.make people realize that some lovers are interchangeableD.encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones49.We can infer that the author’s attitude toward s choice is that _______.A.the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoyB.endless choice has only made us more miserableC.it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choicesD. before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible50.The author mentioned ―Starbucks‖ in Paragraph 3 as an illustration of _______.A.happinessB.low life expectancyC. perpetual stressD. luxury51.From Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice, we can getrecommendation tips on _______.A. how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitationB.how to deal with your expense budgetC. how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunitiesD.how to save money by making a right choice52.We may conclude that it is NOT one of the author’s purposes to _______.AAA. stress the problem of choiceB.discuss decision-making paralysisC. make an analysis of buyers’ remorseD. promote the new book The Paradox of ChoicePassage FourMany things make people think artists are weird –the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists’ only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and m usic, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his ―Ode to Joy‖. In 1962, novelist Anthoy Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda –to pry our wallets from our pockets –they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的). ―Celebrate!‖commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forget – what our economy depends on us forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. Thethings that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is ok not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter tha n a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.53.What is most strange about artists?A. They wear special clothes.B. They rarely work in the daytime.C. They mainly depict distressing things.D. They are liable to take illegal drugs.54.What does the author mean by ―a stretch‖?A.a terrible thingB.an exaggerationC.a continuous period of timeD.an exception55.The example that ―Ode to Joy‖ was used in Burgess’s novel is meant to illustratethat _______.A.musicians and novelists share similar artistic tasteB.violent people have a strong desire to be happyC.serious art is often contradictory with happinessD.music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike56.The word ―Celebrex‖ in the advertisement ________.A.misleads people into buying dangerous drugsB.reminds people of a cheerful feelingC.boasts of the effectiveness of a drug/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html es from a religious term57.How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?A.The economy would not be boosted if everybody were satisfied.B.There are many new products designed for the forgetful.C.People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.D.We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.58.What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A.Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B.Happiness comes when everything dies.C.Happiness makes sadness deeper.D.Happiness is not a good thing.Passage FiveAs students return to school this fall, parents will again worry about new illnesses as kids come into contact with flu germs. There are other risks they should worry about—illnesses caused by the common bugs and rodents found in school buildings. Perhaps the even more dangerous pests however are those individuals who prevent school administrators from swiftly addressing these problems.Anti-chemical activists have pushed, and nearly 20 states and local governments have passed, laws to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides in schools. Yet pesticides are used to control roaches, mice, rats, mosquitoes, and other pests. The public health implications of allowing these things to get out of control should be obvious: increased allergies and illnesses related to insect and rodent bites.Some states have passed a seemingly more reasonable policy that demands that school administrators provide notification 48 to 72 hours before using pesticides. But such laws allow problems to escalate during waiting periods when an urgent response is warranted. Notification paperwork burdens also consume limited financial resources. Journalist Steve Milloy reported that the notification law of Maryland costs the state’s schools $32,000 annually.Parents should fear these laws and the pests they harbor more than the pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) pesticide standards are so exceedingly cautious that the risks are tiny when the product is used according to label directions. An analysis done by the University of Texas found that the EPA’s risk estimates overstate pesticide exposure damage at a level hundreds of thousands of times greater than the risk of actual exposure.Meanwhile, many of the pests in schools pose serious risks. Allergies and asthma are a particular concern. According to one study published in Environmental Health Perspectives: ―Allergens associated with dust mites and cockroaches are probably important in both onset and worsening of asthma symptoms for children who are chronically exposed to these agents.‖Cockroach allergies are particularly problematic. Children who suffered from this type of allergy missed more days of school and lost more sleep than children suffering from other allergies.Prudent use of chemicals—not reduced pesticide use—can be a big part of the solution. A study in the Journal of Allergies and Clinical Immunology showed that use of chemical baits and regular cleaning can reduce indoor cockroach allergens to levels below that which causes allergies.If people are truly concerned about public health in schools, it’s time to start looking at priorities. Rather than liberate the pests, they should liberate the schools from silly government regulations and dangerous vermin.59. The author implies that parents should be most concerned about __________.A.flu germsB.pestsC.school administratorsD.anti-chemical activists60. The author would most probably agree that the laws restricting the use of pesticides in schools _________.A.are necessaryB.are harmfulC.are quite effectiveD.reflect health concerns61. The third paragraph shows that in schools ________.A. sometimes pesticides should be used immediatelyB. the cost of using pesticides is very highC.the laws about using pesticides are not properly observedD. using pesticides is a daily routine62. Regarding pesticides, the author thinks that _________.A. their danger has been exaggeratedB. their effects have been proved by EPAC. they are not effective for killing some pestsD.they may cause some illnesses in children63. Allergens associated with cockroaches may ________.A. kill some insectsB. trigger genetic problemsC. cause asthma symptomsD. create environmental pollution64. As a result of cockroach allergies, children may have difficulty with _______.A.hearingB.digesting/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html municatingD.sleeping65. What is the main idea of the passage?A. New chemicals should be developed to control pests.B. Pesticides should be used frequently to control pests.C.Some policies have ruined the efforts to control pests.D. Schools have ignored the need to control pests.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Direction: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choosethe most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any ofthe blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneTHE LONDON terrorist attacks on July 7 and July 21 changed British Prime Minister Tony Blair. He had long been reluctant to make the fight against Islamo-fascist terror a domestic issue. Last week he outlined security measures to deal with radical clerics who incite violence.Of particular interest is a measure that reads in part: "It is now necessary, in order to acquire British citizenship, that people attend a citizenship ceremony [and] swear allegiance to the country." That's not much different from U.S. law. ___66___ This requirement would violate Section 203 of the U.S. V oting Rights Act, which requires that bilingual election materials and assistance be made available when a foreign language reaches critical mass in the general population. For example, California recall ballots in Los Angeles County were printed in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Tagalog. ___67___U.S. law, in effect, tells new citizens that they can be fully engaged in U.S. democracy without understanding the language of its election campaigns. ___68___ Naturalized citizens must demonstrate a fundamental understanding of U.S. history and civics. Isn't it reasonable to expect them also to be able to communicate, at a basic level, in the language of U.S. politics?___69___ Requiring citizens to understand basic English isn't bias. But supporting a system that encourages American citizens to accept a life without meaningful participation in politics and civic life —that's bias.To end the separatism and disengagement that flourishes in part because significant portions of his country cannot speak English, Blair wants to make basic knowledge of English a requirement for British citizenship. There can be no true national。

2005医学博士英语真题及答案

2005医学博士英语真题及答案
2005
Part II vocabulary
section A
31.There was no_____but to close the road until February.
A.dilemma B.denying C.alternative D.doubt
50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work for the company.
A.accomplishment B.recognition C.apprehension mitment
Part III Close
A.abolish B.address C.extinguish D.encounter
48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.
A.intelligent prehensive petent prehensible
Mr.Allen does’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment.He also expose them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day.He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain a marriage to the breaking point .He even 57 his students with the problems of divorced men must pay child support money for their wives.

医学考博英语试题及答案

医学考博英语试题及答案

医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法(共20分,每题1分)1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案:A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案:A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案:A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案:D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案:A二、阅读理解(共30分,每篇5分)Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案:A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案:DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案:A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案:A三、完形填空(共20分,每题2分)In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案:A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案:A四、翻译(共30分,每题15分)将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年-育明考博

医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年-育明考博

医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicatewith someone in English.A.frustrated失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmitted commit oneself to委身于, 专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishment(PS:育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣:547.063 .862 TEL:四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题)a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。

B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用 entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcybut a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulation流通者;传播者B.under consideration在考虑之中C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有D.at stake危如累卵, 危险37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edible edible fat食用油脂38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put onD.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示 quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。

2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature ______ to protect the dolphins.A.reservationB.rescueC.reserveD.refugee正确答案:A解析:考形近词与同义词的辨析。

reservation是“保留地,专用地,禁猎地”,指动物保护区;rescue是“援救,营救”;reserve是“储备物,收藏;自我克制”,如:reserve of food(食物储备);refugee指“逃亡者,难民”。

根据句子大意,要发展一个海洋自然______来保护海豚,应该选择reservation。

句子大意是:“海洋生物学家正在呼吁要将Cardigan海湾重新发展成一个海洋自然保护区来保护海豚。

”2.Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will ______ the memory of the passers-by.A.keepB.easeC.jogD.enhance正确答案:C解析:考动词搭配。

难点在于熟悉动词的不熟悉用法。

keep是“保持”,ease 是“使悠闲;减轻,放松”;jog做不及物动词是“慢跑”,做及物动词是“摇动;唤起,提醒”,这是一个不太熟悉的用法;enhance是“提高,增强”。

2005年03月考博英语试题及答案

2005年03月考博英语试题及答案

中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷2005年3月考生须知:一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。

试卷一为客观题,答卷使用标准化机读答题纸;试卷二为主观题,答卷使用普通答题纸。

二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸,画线不得过细或过短。

修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。

若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别,责任由考生自负。

请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。

三、全部考试时间总计180分钟,满分为100分。

时间及分值分布如下:试卷一:Ⅰ听力20分钟20分Ⅱ词汇15分钟10分Ⅲ完形填空15分钟15分Ⅳ阅读60分钟30分小计110分钟75分试卷二:Ⅴ英译汉30分钟10分Ⅵ写作40分钟15分小计70分钟25分CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2005PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He needs more fresh air. B. He is willing to go out.C. He is too sick to go out.D. He opened the window.2. A. Their friemts. B. Daily activities.C. Past experiences.D. Historical events.3. A. To buy a ticket. B. To pay a fee.C. To pay back a debt.D. To buy a gift.4. A. Give information. B. State preferences.C. Ask permission.D. Attract attention.5. A. In a gymnasium. B. In an art exhibition.C. In a shop.D. In a hotel.6. A. 19 dollars each. B. 38 dollars each.C. 30 dollars altogether.D. 36 dollars altogether.7. A. Jack is a gentleman. B. Jack does everything right.C. Jack is a desirable husband.D. Jack behaves immaturely sometimes.8. A. It was remarkable to both the man and the woman.B. It was not suitable for the woman.C. The man hated this kind of movie.D. The woman complained about its quality.9. A. See how much the jacket is.B. See if the jacket there is blue.C. See if there is a cell phone in the jacket.D. See if there was anything turned in this morning.10. A. The man has caught a cold. B. The woman was caught in a rainstorm.C. The weather forecast was inaccurate.D. It rained very heavily.Directions:In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be a few questions. Both the talk and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Questions 11-13 are based on Talk 1.11. A. Language comes from physical labor.B. Language learning is a long-term endeavor.C. Language reflects history.D. Language study is very important.12. A. Constructing a wheel. B. Making a choice.C. Coming back.D. Turning around.13. A. The overthrow of a class. B. The overthrow of a tyrant.C. The overthrow of a belief.D. The overthrow of an act.Questions 14-17 are based on Talk 2.14. A. It‟s a wonderful idea.B. It‟s not a smart thing to do.C. It‟s too difficult to put into practice.D. It‟s interesting to the decision maker.15. A. Telling people about your degrees.B. Promising that you will make good achievements.C. Introducing your job responsibilities.D. Talking about the needs of the potential employer.16. A. The results which your potential boss wants to gain with your assistance.B. The results of making more money on an international market.C. The results that the employer has seen in the past.D. The results that your potential boss does not want to see.17. A. Proving that you are capable of doing the job.B. Seeking the position that is not too high or too low for you.C. Insisting that experience is more important than knowledge.D. Claiming that you are better than any other applicant.Questions 18-20 are based on Talk 3.18. A. They exercise dogs twice a day.B. They learn how to be responsible for dogs.C. They encourage dogs to go for long walks.D. They like dogs too much to care about other things.19. A. Working for the police.B. Relaxing with other dogs.C. Protecting businesses.D. Guiding the blind.20. A. Dogs ride in public transport.B. Dogs bite their owners when in a rage.C. Vehicles run over stray dogs.D. People always keep dogs on leads.PART ⅡVOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility22. At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror curiosity.A. put up withB. lived up toC. did away withD. gave way to23. The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijing‟s budget-cutting move might its preparation for the games.A. degradeB. deliberateC. deployD. defend24. You are not allowed to take a second job your employer gives you permission.A. so long asB. otherwiseC. unlessD. whereas25. They continued to about and enjoy themselves until they became tired.A. strokeB. strollC. stammerD. string26. The survey asked 750 school children about the values and beliefs they from television.A. pick upB. take upC. put upD. make up27. I am grateful for your invitation, and I‟d like to accept your offer with pleasure.A. delightedB. innocentC. graciousD. prestigious28. I must you farewell right now, but on some future occasion, I hope to see you again.A. relayB. bidC. sendD. deliver29. Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my and have dinner with me.A. resentmentB. requirementC. requestD. reservation30. That singular ach ievement was not just about Korea‟s arrival as a football force but as a self-confident mature nation to be seriously.A. copedB. shownC. establishedD. taken31. Europe as a unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own.A. incidentalB. apparentC. cohesiveD. descendent32. On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him at the time and which later became material for his books.A. inadequatelyB. systematicallyC. profoundlyD. simultaneously33. Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to my error.A. make do withB. make up forC. go in forD. go along with34. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would , for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute35. With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scientists, but theycouldn‟t any practical uses for it.A. come up withB. do justice toC. get even withD. look up to36. He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel & Company, on more favorable than those Grant Richards had given him.A. itemsB. termsC. articlesD. specifications37. Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, weather, and widespread crop loss.A. intensiveB. extremeC. unpleasedD. unique38. There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with contempt.A. utterB. soleC. intimateD. corresponding39. The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A. recededB. impliedC. compliedD. declined40. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives inPART ⅢCLOZE TEST (is minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose the most suitable of the words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 41 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 42 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such 43 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 44 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate ofmedical opinion is shifting in 45 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 46 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 47 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 48 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 49 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 50 vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 51 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 52 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 53 , and ECGs(心电图)are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 54 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 55 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.41. A. Then B. Though C. Since D. Even42. A. why B. how C. if D. what43. A. runners B. exercises C. patients D. cases44. A. initiation B. evidence C. incidence D. indication45. A. favor B. positive C. inclination D. bias46. A. good B. well C. much D. far47. A. weight B. amount C. degree D. quality48. A. however B. because C. but D. so49. A. at B. to C. for D. in50. A. taking up B. trying on C. getting over D. doing with51. A. beyond B. by C. with D. of52. A. anyone B. none C. some D. nobody53. A. of course B. at all C. after all D. by far54. A. readily B. suddenly C. already D. ready55. A. having B. had C. having been D. havePART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: You will read five passages in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilderness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes still were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, the orchards and many of the trees were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me.Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a humble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no difference that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the trees an old manappeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray.From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hundred mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leavinga trace.56. Samarkand lies .A. in a desertB. high in the mountainsC. in front of DamascusD. between the mountains and the airport57. The author said that he was overawed by .A. the beauty of the sceneB. the sight of DamascusC. the age of the placeD. the world of Allah and Muhammad58. The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble” because .A. it was an ordinary scene that he rememberedB. it was his last night in the city and his last memoryC. the elm trees were older than Genghis KhanD. the trees looked impressive in the evening light59. The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to .A. the ones his ancestors had keptB. the ones that lived in his own countryC. those his ancestors had seen at the Cape of Good HopeD. those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope60. The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because .A. he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them clearlyB. he did not think there would be any callsC. the calls came from the mosquesD. the calls were no different over loud-speakers61. The market has changed in character because now .A. it does sell jewelleryB. the holy men do not sell thereC. it sells goods for tourists and items of little valueD. the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell therePassage 2The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust” is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child‟s satisfying experiences at this early age.Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that “Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc.”Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected.It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered. In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment‟s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers‟ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children‟s needs and by their overall attitude.62. The sense of trust in an infant is under development when .A. the infant experiences some satisfactionB. adults‟ trust is adequateC. the infant learns how to moveD. the infant is surrounded by people he can recognize63. The author raises evidence of mental illness and other disorders in children .A. to introduce a discussion of the effect of institutions on childrenB. to show the effect on children of an unhappy relation with their mothers during infancyC. to warn parents of the dangers of neglecting and abusing their childrenD. to support the point that trust is an early formed and important element of a healthy personality64. Babies might mistrust the world if .A. they did not receive food when they were hungryB. they mastered their body movements too quicklyC. someone came too close to themD. they saw an object disappear65. The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs .A. before maternal affection is providedB. when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environmentC. when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordinationD. as a result of maternal separation66. A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that .A. the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climaxB. the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environmentC. the child‟s sense of trust is destroyedD. no sense of trust has ever developed67. According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is .A. the type of techniques used by the motherB. the sensitivity of the childC. maternal loveD. the combined effect of natural feeling and cultural attitudes68. How can mothers create a sense of trust in a child?A. By showing confidence and experience in front of the child.B. By applying techniques taught by psychologists.C. By showing the child that the mother is understanding of his/her wants.D. By offering smiles and comforts.Passage 3I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others aresatisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering—and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don‟t recommend this—and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably—and, usually, utterly benignly—a part of our world.The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don‟t make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don‟t worry about bacteria.Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning—and found to be essentially thesame. A ccording to Dr. Gerba‟s research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.69. What is the main idea of this passage?A. We don‟t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.B. Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.C. The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.D. The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.70. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A. healthy people should live separately from unhealthy members of the familyB. a germ-free home is not only possible, but significantC. unless you live with the vulnerable, it is pointless to sterilize the airD. our immune systems are too weak to fight against the food poisoning bacteria71. In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “... manage this” means “to manage the process of .A. killing the bacteria in your bodyB. multiplying to a significantly large numberC. raising the room temperatureD. sterilizing the perishable food72. According to the author, if you want to keep healthy, you had better .A. make the room dryB. keep the food in the refrigeratorC. wash your hands as much as possibleD. clean the surfaces with anti-bacterial products73. From Paragraph 5 the author emphasizes .A. the danger of virusesB. the common existence of virus particlesC. the short life span of virusesD. the difficulty in killing viruses74. The word “bug” used in Paragraph 5 means .A. a bacteriumB. a coldC. a fluD. a virus75. According to the author, one will become obsessive-compulsive .A. if he washes his hands every time he touches a surfaceB. if he only washes his hands with soap and waterC. if he could not win over the bacteria in his homeD. if he does not fight against the bacteria at homePassage 4Until recently the halls of North High in Minneapolis were lined with vending machines where students could buy soda pop and other sugary drinks, as they can in most other high schools in the nation. But with rates of childhood obesity sky-rocketing, the Minneapolis school district worried about pushing pop. The district needed a way to keep its lucrative vending contract with Coca-Cola while steering kids toward more healthful beverages.Bryan Bass, North‟s assistant principal, took the challenge. He stocked 12 of North‟s 16 vending machines only with water, priced at 75 cents a bottle. Three machines dispensed juice and sports drinks for $1. Only one sold soft drinks, at $1.25 per can. “We located the water machines strategically outside our buildings, so when you come out of a classroom what you see is a water machine,” says Bass. “We also decided to allow water in classrooms but not juice or pop.” The result? Profits from the vending machines nearly tripled, from $ 4,500 to $11,000 in two years. They‟re now in their third year, and says Bass:“Water has become …cool.‟”North‟s suc cess demonstrates what many obesity experts and parents believe: Kids will learn to make healthful food and drink choices if they have access to them and are motivated to do so. “Price is a powerful motivator,” says Simone French of the University of Minnesota, an expert on school-based obesity prevention. She‟s impressed with North‟s efforts, but she says the problem is implementing these strategiesthroughout society. “Obesity is the biggest health issue facing kids,and we‟ve got to do more.”How to do mo re was outlined last week in the Institute of Medicine‟s 460-page action plan, mandated by Congress, on “Preventing Childhood Obesity.” Chaired by Emory University‟s Jeffrey Koplan, the plan is the first comprehensive look at childhood obesity and what government, industry, schools, communities, families, and medical professionals can do to reduce its impact. “I think this is similar in importance to the first Surgeon General‟s Report on Smoking and Health in 1964,” Koplan says. That landmark document led to the health warning on cigarette packages and a ban on cigarette advertising on TV.76. In most American high schools, selling soft drinks is .A. encouragedB. allowedC. unlawfulD. unprofitable77. Water has become “cool” in the Minneapol is school district partly because .A. water is provided freeB. most kids can afford nothing but waterC. water machines are put in noticeable positionsD. children have realized the harm of sugary drinks78. We can infer that in terms of healthful drinks for kids, Simone French and some other experts are .A. confident about children‟s choicesB. pessimistic about the futureC. puzzled about which approach to takeD. worried about how to motivate children79. By mentioning the 1964 report on smoking, Jeffrey Koplan implied that .A. more children tend to smoke today than yesterdayB. both obesity and smoking require the attention of schools and society.C. the present plan on obesity would function similarly as a landmark.D. obesity and smoking are both health problems.80. The primary purpose of this passage is to .。

医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案:C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案:A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案:A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案:B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案:C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案:A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案:A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案:A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案:A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案:cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案:otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案:excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案:prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案:computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案:asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案:appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案:hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案:magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案:glucose三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案:A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案:The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案:A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

历年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题

历年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题

2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题patr II vocabulary31.An enormous number of people in the world’s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation____A. capacitiesB. facilitiesC. authoritiesD. warranties32.Family-planing clinics give out ___advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.A..insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptivemunicative33.Caffeine is the ___drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend34.Today investigators are still far from ___ a master map of the vasculature of the heart.A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding35.I have never seen a more caring, ___ group of piople in my life.A.emotionalB.impersonalpulsorypassionate36.By the time I reached my residency, I ___ treated the patient as a whole human being.A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for37.We now obtain more than two-thirds protein from animal resources, while our grandparents ___only one-half from animal resources.A.originatedB.digestedC.deprivedD.derived38.Obesity carries an increased risk of ____.A.mortalityB. mobilityC.longevityD.maternity39.The best exercise should require continuous ___ , rather than frequent stops and starts.passionB.accelerationC.frustrationD.exertion40.Environmental officials insist that something be done to ___ acid rain.A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn41.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland .A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about42.To begin with ,it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce45.Through live television电视实况转播, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country’seconomic problems.A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant47.I don’t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced48.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.A.formulationsB.standardsC.principlesnD.notions49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.A.regainB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying50.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map.A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.posepart III close (10%)You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily 51 may change: you find yourself52 and active at night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working .You stay in your room and have little contact with people53 with those who speak your language .In your mind, you criticize the piople around you ----they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed,concerned with insignificant things, 54stupid; you complain about them to any friends you have. You became55 when you can’t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you realy like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between life here and the perfect life56 home.Above all, you are homesick almost all the time.If you ever find yourself behaving in ways 57 these, you are brobably suffering culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological 58 that sometimes has physical effects.It affects piople who have moved away from an invironment where they know how to live 59 a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them---the food, the weather, the language, and especially the 60 rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of .51.A. way B.pattern C. method D.track52.A.sleepy B.happy C.awake D.sad53.A.for B.lest C.besides D.except54.A.even B.merely C.indeed D.rather55.A.offended B.uninterested C.frustrated D.isolated56.A.here B.there C.back D.away57.A.the same as B.different from C. similar to D.familiar with58.A.situation B.condition C.reflection D.position59.A.in B.at C.within D.into60.A.unwritten B.written C.spoken D.secretepassage oneScience is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly , probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction.However,where would we be today, whithout science? Without the great minds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to writer this essay on the computer ,if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year snd still be around today? Or dogs be the masters of humans? Would we be still the dominant species on the Earth?So many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99.99% fat free, that video game company to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly , and that car company to alter the headlights of the car and call it the “new” 98 car.where would we be whithout science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and doctors to make us the way we want to be.We depend on them to make us “prettier”,to perform triple bypass, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science.Science, in a way , keeps our society from falling apart. In our society science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need science progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science , they think of it as a laboratory ,white coats, and mixing all different-colored chemicals untill something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.61.The author’s probable answer to the question where we would be today, without science is___A.it hard to imagineB.we would nowhere to findC.let’s see what happensD.not every question has an answer in the world62.From the cookie to the car,the author is trying to tell us that science____A.would be nowhere without humansB.is picking up its developing paceC.raise so many present problemsD.is shaping our world63.The author impies that science____A.is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in our societyB.does not involve every professionC.needs us as much as we need itD.is benefiting everyone64.The author seems to draw a conclusion that science____A.does rather than it isB.is ubiquitous in our lifeC.does not exist in a laboratoryD.is not appreciated in the publix65.The author is most probably___A.a studentB.a socialistC.a professor of scienceD.a free-lance writer of sciencepassage 2Osteoporosis used to be called “the silent disease’’because its victims didn’t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether.For post-menopausal woman, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture.Unfortunately ,it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the of breast cancer.To passby such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs) emulate estrogen with slight modifications.Another drug ,alendronate reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs ,however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them.The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated.Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone stength by as much as 20 percent.Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is Vitamin D , which aides calcium absorbtion. Vitamin D comes from sunlingt, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don’t get outside.The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that body puts on it.These are the simple steps that can help make “the silent disease”truly silent.66.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis____ed to effective in post-manopausal womanB.is most frequently priscribed by doctorsC.works perfectly on post-manopausal womenD.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects.67.The best treatment for osteoporosis , according to the passage.___A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB.is chosen by the patientC.possesses no side effectsD.is of individuality68.To preventing osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted____A.as early as childhoodB.when one is in his twentiesC.after bone mass accumulate stopsD.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed.69.By making “the silent disease” truly silent, the author means that the actionssuggested____A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB.can help eradicate osteoporosisC.can help prevent osteoporosisD.all of the above.70.The author of this passage focuses on the____of osteoporosisA.alternative treatmentsB.early diagnosisC.treatments and preventionD.resulting damagespassage 3If you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for a shelter than walk, reaserchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet as walking.In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wetest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved. But the Reading team found that the benefits of running faster than about 3 meters per second—which they described as a walking pace---were tiny.Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis ,meteorologists at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, had a hunch that this was wrong.They realized that the Reading team had overestimated the average walking pace, so they reworked the calculations for a walking pace of 1.5metres per second and a running speed of 4 meters second.Peterson and Wallis conclude in the latest issue of weather that a walker would get 16 per cent wetter than a runner over a distance of 100 metres in drizzle. In heavy rain ,this would rise to 23 per cent.When the reseachers allowed for the way that runners tend to lean forward, sheltering the front of their bodies but increasing the rainfall on their backs, they found that a walker would get 36per cent wetter than a runner in heavy rain.Not content with theory alone, Peterson and Wallis decided to test their ideas. “If verification requires an $80million satellite, one may have to forgo verification,”says Peterson . “But if it involves a simple experiment, that’s another matter.” Peterson and Wallis are roughly the same size, Wearing identical clothing, one ran 100 metres in heavy rain and the other walked.They weighed their clothes before and after the experiment. This showed that the walker had absorbed 0.22kgs of water,while the runner had soaked up only 0.13 kgs. This is about 40 per cent less ,in line with the model’s predictions.Belcher says that his team’s work was a bit of fun, and that apart from the confusion over what a typical walking speed is ,their results were similar to those of Peterson and Wallis. “I’m delighted to see that their experiments gave results in qualitative agreement with the model,” says Belcher.But why not just take an umbrells? For anyone thinking of taking the easy way out, Wallis has a warning: “Running with an umbrella has a negative impact on your aerodynamics”71.The reading team and the American meteorologists presented different results ininvestigating___A.how far people can run per second in a downpourB.the benefits of running for shelter in a downpourC.whether people can run fast in a downpourD.the average walking pace in a downpour72.According to the American researchers, the Reading team made an error in calculating___A.the average walking paceB.the amount of rainfallC.the time and distanceD.the running speed73.Which of the following, according to the American researchers, gets the least wet?A.Running in drizzleB.walking in drizzleC.Running in heavy rainD.walking in heavy rain74.They verified their model predictions by experimenting___A.on themselvesB.with satelliteC.on the twins of the same sizeD.with sophisticated calculating devices75.The simila results ,according to Belcher ,refer to___A.the amount of rain water absorbedB.the average running speedC.the average walking paceD.all of the abovepassage 4Englisher speakers pick up pitch in the right hemisphere of their brains, but speakers of certain other languages perceive it on the left as well.It all depends on what you want to learn from pitch, Donald Wong of the Indians School of Medicine in Indianapolis told the meeting last week.Earlier studies have shown that when an English speaker hears pitch changes, the right prefrontal cortex leaps into action. This fits in with the idea that emotive nuances of language---which in English are often carried by the rise and fall of the voice----are perceived on the right.But in “tonal” languages like Thai, Mandarin and Swedish, Pitch not only carries emotional information,but can also alter the meaning of a word .Wong and his colleagues suspected that a speaker of tonal language would register pitch in the left side of the brain---in particular Broca’s area ,which processes the linguistic content of language.To test this , the team asked English speakers and Thai speakers to listen 80 pairs of Thai words, and tracked the blood flow in their brains using positron emission tomography.The volunteers had to decide whether the two words sounded the same, either by consonant or by tone ,In some cases, the words had on intelligible meaning.None of the words was emotionally charged, so even when Thai speakers could understand them, there was no right-side activation.But sure enough the Thai speakers could consistently lit up the left sid e of the brain, especially Broca’s area, while the English speakers did not.The researchers are now planing to repeat the experiment with Thai speakers using whole sentences, complete with emotional information. “Both hemispheres will be engaged,” pred ict Wong.76.The reason why pitch is registered on the right hemisphere, according to the passage, is that __A.belongs to the English language exclusivelyB.is an emotive nuance of language nuance n.细微差别C.can be easily heardD.is a regular sound77.When the emotion-free words were heard in the test____A.were registered on the English speakers’ right hemisphereB.slowed down the blood flow in the volunteers’ brainsC.activated the Thai speaker’s left hemispheresD.sounded the exactly the same to the volunteers78.A tonal language____A.possess no pitchB.carries pitch with dual functions双重职能C.is superior to the English languageD.holds more linguestic content than English.79.In Wong’s future expetiment ,the volunteers____A.will use either their right or left hemispheresB.will use both English and a tonal languageC.will listen to emotionally-charged sentencesD.will listen to more pairs of emotionally-charged words80.What is the passage mainly about?A.Two hemisphere to the sound of speechB.Two functions of pitch in languageC. Two hemisphere of the human braimD.Two languages and two hemispheresPassage 5We are all members of a culture. How we interpret the reality around us ,what we consider to be reasonable statements and behavior ,and what we believe to be health and illness all stem from the culture we share with some people and not with others. Those whose cultural experiences differ from our own will also differ in their belief and interpretions of reality.We are all rooted in an ethnic group as well, even if this group is simply the so-called “majority” of white, middle cla ss, protestant heritage .The degree to which we identify with an ethnic past will vary according to the strength with which family tradition has maintained that identity,and to the degree that the family chooses to assimilate into the larger society. The e xtent of an individual’s or a family’s identification with an ethnic heritage is as important as the specific features of that heritage.American society is ethnically and culturally diverse, and community healthnurse will find themselves practicing in communities that reflect this diversity.A particular family or a whole community may belong to an ethnic or cultural group very different from the nurse’s own. Those community nurses who are most sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviors will be most effective in promoting their wellness.Community health nurses can achieve this sensitivity by examining their own culture in order to understand how it colors their world view and their interactions with individuals, families, and communities.Recognizing the clients individuals as well as members of a larger culture, nurses will reje ct stereotypical views of clients’ ethnic groups that can impede communication and diminish their effectiveness. Indeed, culture mediates all social encounters, including those between nurse and client ,and its study can enhance the effectiveness of health care services.81.We live in the social enviroment ___A.without different cultural experiencesB.of the same behavior and beliefC.with a shared cultureD.of the same race82.The author is mainly talking about in the second paragraph___A.assimilation into a large societyB.identification with an ethnic heritageC.the conflict between identification and assimilationD.the contradiction between an ethnic group and the majority83.According to the passage, a nurse cannot function well in a community___A.that reflects ethical and cultural diversityB.without asimilating into its ethnic heritageC.that is sensitive to his /her beliefs and behaviorsD.without recognizing its ethnical and cultural diversity84.Community health nurses are supposed to ____A.be sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviorsB.abandon the stereotypical views of clients’ groupsC.examine their own cultureD. all of the above85.Which of the following can best summarize the general idea of the passage?A.identification with and assimilation into ethnic groupsB.Novel and stereotypical views of ethnic groupsmunicatio and communityD.culture and health care.passage 6I’m in the unusual position of being both a computer scientist and a professional musician. On the computer side, I’m best known for my work virtual reality, a term I coined in the early 1980’s , As a musician I write, perform,and record my own work. Canons for Wroclaw, a concerto I created for virtual instruments, was performed last December by the Chamber Wrchestra of Wroclaw ,Poland.All of this means that I have a few deeply felt ideas about Napster, the free software millions of people use to share their music collections over the Internet. Big media companies see Napster as theft because they can’t collect royalties when people use it. So they have asked the courts to kill it. As I write this , a settlement seems to be emerging. Napster will probably begin to charge for its services and pay royalties to at least some record companies.Whatever happens, the legal decisions surrounding Napster are important for resons that transcend the music business and extend to our basic concepts of what it means to be free in a democracy. I believe the anti-Napster forces have failed to foresee dangerous implications of their course of action. They don’t understand what I call the Law of the Exclude Digital Middle:Digital tools can be either open or closed but resist being anything in between .An open digital tool is one that can be used in unforeseen ways. A tool like e-mail ,meant to send text, might also---surprisingly ---be used to send music.A closed tool is one in which there are technical resteictions that prevent unforeseen uses. The advantage of open tools is that more people can create new things with them;consequently,they tend to be more innovative.Closed tools are usually created because it is thought they will be more profitable: An owner can control them well enough to enforce bill collection. Of course, the open software movement energetically promotes the idea that innovation ends up generating more money than control does.86.The Napster issue___A.is one concerning copyright infringement of violationB.is a dispute bewteen music companies and the coutC.has been settled in favor of music loversD.will result in a boom of sales for music companies87.The designer of an open digital tool hardly knows___A.the risks it may encunterB.the potential ways of its usageC.the number of its usersD.the amounts of its net profit88.People who use closed digital tools end up____A.making huge profitsB.creating new techniquesC.paying for servicesD.facing legal punishment89.It implied that owners of digital tools will make more profits by___A.encouraging innovationsB.proteching copyrightsC.control costsD.charging customers90.The attitude of the auther towards the anti-Napster action is ___A.supportiveB.ambiguousC.indifferentD.negative2002FATMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案(部分)1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A 60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C 70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C 80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone inEnglish.A.frustratedB.depressedC.approvedD.distracted32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmittedC.attributedD.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine againstpolio.A.accomplishmentB.qualificationC.eminenceD.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedD.accustomed36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulationB.under considerationC.on handD.at stake37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesomeB.dietC.tastefulD.edible38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown upB.piled upC.put onD.taken on39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegibleD.irrational40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denotingB.donatingC.relatingD.resorting41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate.A.appallingB.appealingC.alertD.abnormal42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.A.purifiedB.multipliedC.taintedD.blended43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.A.libertyB.democracyC.vatietyD.origin44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twenty years.A.resentmentB.consensusC.notionD.dispute45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year.A.retrievingB.sprawlingC.consumingD.withdrawing46.The war’s impact on the population of the country was cat ast rophic.A.influentialB.dis ast rousC.apparentD.criticala47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.A.bitterB.irritantC.effectiveD.powerful48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanentB.residualC.irreversibleD.fleeting49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.plainB. give rise toC.originate inD.dominate over50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.A.formB.correctC.modifyD.improvePart III Cloze(10%)There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy $100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost $20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed $20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’shouse , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took $20,000 from nine different banks. 59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off B.pay up C.pay for D.pay out52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit mission55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless57.A.came B.pull C.headed D.pushed58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made forPart IV(30%)Passage 1In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing., wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminablywithout them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio , measles,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of认识到this or not.61.In the first paragraph the author implies that we____A.would not survive without science。

同济大学2005年考博英语真题及答案详解

同济大学2005年考博英语真题及答案详解

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162C 139219432;!79E2C 1?76A 162C 17617!2C 1A 6172162C 11::1@2>3??<13921604/:324816434219@1392C 14=@@11B E 39A531>39A432=723/9G N 439E 3@721E<;2C 1>/6D /:H63A C 279E.@C /=2193278817642C 72!72?1742:/67:36427886/F30723/9!:=??7E 782723/927D148?7@1/5167516;<631:23013:2C 17E 78239A4/=6@1340/E 16721?;<63A C 279E2C 11;1C 74<1193961?72351E 76D9144b =4286153/=4?;G N 42C 14230=?=4347??/>1E2/7@2!C />1516!2C 11::1@2!<1@/0140/618164342192392C 1419412C 723227D142C 11;1?/9A 162/61A 7393244194323532;2/?/>1639B 219432314G I C 1912614=?2342C 72!3:2C 11;1344/1F8/41E79E2C 192C 1A 7S13426794:1661E2/797617/:?/>1639219432;!2C 1?/44/:4194323532;86/E =@1E<;2C 1:36427617>3??423??<1861419279E7881767479#7:21630B 7A 1$4=816308/41E/92C 141@/9E G I C 11::1@29/2/9?;348614192/5162C 17@2=7?7617@7=439A2C 1#?/@7?7E 782723/9$<=27?4/48617E 4>32C E 1@617439A42619A 2C 2/7E b /3939A76174/:2C 11;12/86/E =@1#?72167?7E B 782723/9G $N ?4/!<1@7=41/:2C 1816434219@1/:2C 11::1@23:2C 11;1344C 3:21E76/=9E:6/0/91/<b 1@22/79B /2C 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1@24=923??/44/:4194323532;C 74<11961A 7391E Q G 7E 782723/9392C 1@19267?7617/:2C 11;1<=2?322?17E 782723/9392C 1?72167?761742/2C 191>39219432;?151?&G I C 1861419241?1@23/9C 7478876192?;<119861@1E 1E<;4/011F8?79723/9/:GN G 4/011F816301924>32C@/?/683A 01924Y G 2C 1972=61/:@/?/6M G 2C 1@/?/686/8162314/:5763/=44=6:7@14Q G 2C 101@C 79340/:1;1R 47E 782723/92/@/?/6$%::%;’.X 92C 1/8393/9/:079;N 0163@79479E[=6/81794!>1/9?;<1A 792/617??;1F8?/61/=6>/6?E392C 143FB 21192C@192=6;G N @@/6E 39A2/2C 10!2C 1473?/64/:2C 179@3192>/6?EE 3E9/21F8?/61E 34279287624/:2C 1H /6?E )2C 1;E 3E9/2C 7512C 191@14476;D9/>?1E A 1/64D3??4:/6?/9A417b /=691;4G P />1516!2C 181/8?1>C /C 7512C 34/8393/9761:/6A 12239A2>/308/62792:7@24/:C 342/6;Gc 36424/01/91R 4176?;4@31923424C 751793E 17>C 3@C34@/661@2!<=24@3192342439?7216@192=6314E /9/2<1?315132G c /61F708?1!7</=2"’#Y G M !7g 611D 4@3192342C 7E793E 17>C 3@C >17??<1?31512/E 7;G I C 11762C 0/51476/=9E2C 14=9G Y =2:/62C 1:/??/>39A$-##;17644@31923424E 3E9/2<1?31512C 34G X 92C 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143F21192C@192=6;!81/8?1C 7E 2C 14D3??!2C 1D9/>?1E A 179E 2C 11O =380192>C 3@C>16191@14476;:/6?/9Ab /=691;4<;417G I C 1>/6?E?3E9/2C 7512/>732=923?2C 143F21192C @192=6;:/6324:36421F8?/6164.%G HC 3@C/:2C 1:/??/>39A427210192434@/94342192>32C2C 187447A 1-N G N @@/6E 39A2/2C 1>63216!>1/9?;<1A 792/617??;1F8?/612C 1>/6?E392C 143F21192C@192=6;GY G X 92C 1C 342/6;/:4@319@1!81/8?14/0123014C 7512/E 34@/5167:7@2741@/9E2301GM G I C 179@3192[A ;823794C 7E516;?322?1D9/>?1E A 17</=22C 142764GQ G I C 1>632167A 6114>32C 079;N 0163@79479E[=6/817941F@182:/62C 12>/:7@2401923/91E392C 1874B 47A 1G-G HC ;E /142C 1>63216=412C 11F708?1/:2C 1g 611D 4@3192342>C /@7?@=?721E2C 1E 34279@176/=9E2C 1>/6?E -N G P 1>79242/4C />2C 1863032351D9/>?1E A 1/:79@31924@31923424GY G P 1>79242/A 351791F708?1/:4/012C 39A>C 3@C?72164@31923424E 3E9/2<1?3151GM G P 1>79242/A 351791F708?1/:4@31923:3@D9/>?1E A 1>C 3@C>747573?7<?12/176?;1F8?/6164G Q G P 1>79242/4C />2C 724@319@1C 749/2<119E 151?/839A43A 93:3@792?;G’G N @@/6E 39A2/2C 1>63216!>C ;E /X 634C:34C 16019423??=41</724?3D12C 1</724>C 3@C2C 13679@142/64=41E $###;17647A /-N G Y /72407E 1/:>//E/6?172C 16761?3A C 279E:742GY G I C 191@14476;0721637?47611743?;7573?7<?1GM G I C 1;E /9R 2C 7512C 10/91;:/61F8194351</724GQ G I C 1E 143A 9/:2C 1</72434516;A //E G*G #Z 1/8?1:6/02C 179@3192>/6?E473?1E76/=9EN :63@7G I C 1;1519617@C 1EN 0163@7G $X 9;/=6/8393/9!C />同济大学"##%年考博英语真题32J">/=?E2C 1>63216/:2C 187447A 1:11?7</=22C 1413E 174-N G P 1C 74=41E2C 347479308/62792:7@22/86734179@3192@353?3S723/9GY G P 1E /149/2<1?31512C 10GM G X 9C 34/8393/9!79@31921F8?/6164E 3E9/2C 7512C 14D3??491@14476;:/6?/9Ab /=691;4GQ G X 9C 34/8393/9!2C 1;7618/443<?1G$%::%;’2X @792C 39D /:9/<12216@76116:/67;/=9A9/51?3422C 792/<1:/64/01;176474=<B 1E 32/6/97672C 16@/941657235191>487816G I C 1079>C />74/:@C 31:308/6279@12/01392C /41E 7;4>742C 1@C 31:4=<B 1E 3B 2/6g 1/6A 1N 9E 164/9G X C 721EC 30390;:3642>11D !<=2X A 61>7?0/422/?/51C 30<1:/612C 611;1764C 7E 87441E G N407??1?E 16?;.@/24079>32C 7:?=4C 1E:7@179E7?7@/93@C =0/6!C 1E 6/51791>4=<B 1E 32/6C 76E >32CC 34476@740G ./0123014X 7?0/42:79@31E0;41?:<7@D 724@C //?7A 739!79EX >747?>7;4A ?7E>C 19:351B 2C 362;@701!:/63001E 3721?;2C 1@?/@D 076D1E2C 1C /=6>C 192C 18=<4/8191E !C 1>/=?E27D1C 34</>B ?16C 72:6/02C 1@/72B 67@D 79EE 34788176:/62C 362;039=2142/C 34:75/6321<76G P 348?7@1>/=?E<127D19<;2C 1A 192?179E@/=621/=4M /?/91?J 7=E 1G J 7=E 1>74@761:=?2/4112C 722C 191>61@6=32>74A 35199/42/6;>C 3@C@/=?E8/443<?;42612@CC 348/>164!79E3:C 1C 7E<119@C 31:4=<1E 32/6X E /=<23:X >/=?E1516C 751A /2:=62C 162C 797‘1>439Y 631:8767A 678C G N 22C 1426/D1/:43F !>C 19N 9E 164/9612=691E79EC =9A=8C 34</>?16!C 34:7@1>/=?EC 7512=691E7E 118164C 7E 1/:61E2/072@C2C 16/41C 1@76631E7?>7;439C 34<=2B 2/9C /?179EC 344C 7:24/:@6323@340!74C 14@7991E0;@/8;>32C816C 78472//:?7A 6792C 17E ?391!>/=?E C 7517@O =361E7279A/::6319E ?39144G J /612C 792>/;1764>192<;!79E0;9/51?!"#H %)D (-"()C 7E<1197@@1821E<;78=<?34C 16!<1:/61X E 34@/5161E/914?7@D 151939A !>C 192C 161>74C 76E ?;19/=A C 91>42/:3??2C 1P /0187A 14:/62C 1219/R @?/@D 1E 323/9!2C 7278/12079O =1C 7EE =A2C /41E 1:7@14/:E 34788/3921E 476@740G H C 197;/=9A079!N 9E 164/9C 7E8=<?34C 1E75/?=01/:26794?723/94:6/0W 16?7391)C 1C 7E4192322/.>39<=69172I C 1Z 391479EC 1C 7E<1191921627391E2C 161:/621779ED39E>/6E 4<;H 7224B Q =92/9!2C /=A C X E /9R 22C 39D C 1>747??/>1E2/4112C 18/12G P 19151661:1661E2/2C 11834/E 17A 739!<=2X <1A 792/E 121@239C 307C 764C<=28721697?78861C 1943/9:/679/2C 16;/=9A079!:?=4C 1E>32C863E 1397:3642<//D !>C /03A C 24=::162C 14701E 34788/3920192G HC 19X @7012/6143A 9C 1481927?/9A230176A =39A>32C01!79EX 2C 39D C 34617?6174/9:/626;39A2/86151920;E 18762=61>742C 72C 1:/6147>7230103A C 2@/01>C 199/51?>63239A>/=?E:73?0179EX >/=?E911E !?3D1C 3041?:!7O =31279E41@=61?3:1>32C2C 18=<4/81939A72C 7?:B 8742:35179E2C 1@/7?4122?39A392C 1A 6721G,Gg 1/6A 1N 9E 164/9R 421@C 93O =1392673939AC 347443427924>742/G N G 4279E/5162C 10>C 3?12C 1;>/6D1E79E07D1=98?17479261076D4Y G A //=2:/67E 639D 79E?122C 104/?512C 136/>986/<?104M G 86/5/D12C 10392/E 34?3D39AC 30Q G =41<32216C =0/62/E 67>2C 1367221923/92/2C 13603427D14$#G I C 1>63216617?3S1E7:216>76E 42C 72GN G M /?/91?J 7=E 1>/=?EE 1?3<16721?;C 75186151921EC 30:6/063439A39C 3486/:1443/9Y G M /?/91?J 7=E 1>742//@7=23/=42/A 3517;/=9A>632167@C 79@12/E 34239A =34CC 3041?:M G C 1@/=?E9/2C 751A /91/9>/6D39A:/62C 191>4878163:M /?/91?J 7=E 1C 7E9/227D19/516:6/0N 9B E 164/9Q G @C 31:4=<B 1E 32/644C /=?E<1D39E !?3D1M /?/91?J 7=E 1$$G H C 19N 9E 164/9612=691E:6/02C 18=<C 1>74=4=7??;G N G 61E392C 1:7@1:6/0C 175;E 639D39AY G 0/61@/94@3/=4/:2C 1>63216R 403427D14M G 0/61A //E B C =0/61E2/>76E 4C 30Q G 7?322?1@761?14439617E 39A2C 1>63216R 4@/8;$"G I C 16174/9:/6N 9E 164/9R 4476@7423@C =0/6>742C 72C 1G N G 19531E2C 1>63216:/6C 7539A8=<?34C 1E79/51?Y G C 7EC 7E75/?=01/:8/126;61b 1@21E<;78=<?34C 16335"M G C 7E9/2<1197<?12/:=?:3??C 34176?;70<323/94Q G >74</61E>C 192C 161>749/219/=A C91>42/:3??2C 187816$)G I C 1>632162C 39D42C 72N 9E 164/92631E2/8164=7E 1C 302/427;/9<1@7=41G N G C 1>747:673E2C 72C 1>/=?E:39E@6172351>63239A79=961>76E 39A@76116Y G C 1>747:673E/:?/439A4=@C757?=7<?1108?/;11M G C 12C /=A C 22C 1>63216>742//8?1741E>32CC 3041?:Q G C 1>74E 34788/3921E<;C 346143A 9723/9$%::%;’3I /E 7;2C 142=E ;/:?79A =7A 139/=64@C //?4344/01>C 72@/9:=439A G X 2342C 10/42267E 323/97?/:4@C /?74B 23@4=<b 1@24<139A27=A C 23972301>C 19079;/:/=6267E 323/949/?/9A 16:32/=6911E 4G V /=2/>C /02C 14187A 147617E E 61441E4817D [9A ?34C79E7612C 161:/61397>/641@7412C 7979;/2C 16?321672181/8?1GZ 1/8?18/9E 1639A2C 1/63A 39/:?79A =7A 1:/62C 1:36422301=4=7??;766351722C 1@/9@?=43/92C 7232E 151?B /81EA 67E =7??;7474;4210/:@/951923/97?3S1EA 6=924!C 34414!79E@631479E0=42C 751<1197516;430B 8?17::736392C 1<1A 39939A G Y =2>C 19>1/<416512C 1?79A =7A 1<1C 753/6/:>C 72>161A 76E74863032351@=?B 2=614!>1:39E324263D39A ?;1?7</672179E@/08?3@721E G .21:7944/9!2C 11F8?/616473E2C 72#39/6E 162/A 127B ?/9A6174/97<?;>1??79[4D30/0=42C 751722C 1238/:C 342/9A =175/@7<=?76;/:0/612C 79$####>/6E 4!0=@C?76A 162C 792C 17@23515/@7<=?76;/:7975167A 1<=439144079>C /4817D4[9A ?34C G $J /61/B 5162C 141[4D30/>/6E 4761:760/61C 3A C ?;39:?1@21E2C 792C /41/:79;/:2C 1>1??B D9/>9[=6/8179?79A =7B A 14!:/67439A ?19/=9@79<148/D1/6>63221939415167?C =9E 61EE 3::16192:/604!17@CC 7539A7861@341017939AE 3::16192:6/02C 72/:79;/2C 16G I C 1:/604/:2C 1516<4761151907619=016/=4G I C 1[4D30/?79B A =7A 134!2C 161:/61!/91/:2C 10/42E 3::3@=?2392C 1>/6?E2/?1769!>32C2C 1614=?22C 727?0/429/267E 164/61F8?/6164C 75115192631E2/?176932G M /941O =192?;2C 161C 74A 6/>9=8!3939216@/=641<12>119[4D30/479E>C 3214!7b 76A /94303?762/2C 183E A 39[9A ?34C =41E39M C 397!>32C 75/@7<=?76;/::6/0)##2/-##=939B :?1@21E>/6E 4!0/42/:2C 10E 16351E:6/0[4D30/<=24/01E 16351E:6/0[9A ?34C !Q 7934C !.87934C !P 7>73B 37979E/2C 16?79A =7A 14G X 2342C 34b 76A /9>C 3@C34=4=7??;61:1661E2/<;26751?16474#2C 1[4D30/?79B A =7A 1G $N 9EZ 6/:144/6I C 7?<32S16/:M /819C 7A 19!>C /E 3E27D12C 126/=<?12/?1769[4D30/!411042/19B E /6411F8?/616R 4531>>C 19C 1>63214(#I C 1?79A =7A 1348/?;4;92C 123@G $I C 1A 670076341F26101?;63@C39:?1F3/97?:/604!2C 1@/9b =A 723/94/:7@/00/9516<<139A41651E<;7</=2)%#4=::3F14!1O =357?1922/816B 4/97?86/9/=9479E516<19E 39A 4G c /62C 1E 1@?1943/9/:79/=92C 161761$%#4=::3F14*:/6E =7?79E8?=67?!?/@7?@7414!79E8/44144351:?1F3/9+G I C 1E 10/94267235186/9/=94C 75141876721:?1F3/94G I C 1E 16357235119E 39A 41::1@2351392C 15/@7<=?76;79E2C 1@/9426=@23/9/:419219@14/6419219@14B ?3D1>/6E 470/=922/72?1742"%#G ‘/2>32C 4279E 39A7??2C 141@/9426=@235181@=?37632314!2C 1A 6700723@7?79E4;92C 123@4;42103461B 076D7<?;@/9@34179E !39324/>9>7;!?/A 3@7?G$&G I C 143S1/:2C 1[4D30/?79A =7A 148/D19<;0/42>C 321434G N G 48/D1939[9A ?79E !Q 19076D !.8739!79EP 7>733Y G ?1442C 792C 143S1/:2C 1?79A =7A 148/D19<;[4D30/4M G C 3A C ?;39:?1@21EQ G 39142307<?1$%G ./01/:2C 1153E 19@17</=2?79A =7A 1392C 187447A 13427D19:6/02C 1/<4165723/94/:G N G ?39A =3424Y G [4D30/4M G <=439144019Q G 863032351@=?2=614$-G I C 17=2C /6R 4/5167??8/392342C 72G N G 863032351?79A =7A 1407;<1?76A 1!@/08?1F !79E@/08?3@721EY G 863032351?79A =7A 1407;<1?76A 1!@/08?1F !79E?/A 3@7?M G 863032351?79A =7A 1407;<1?76A 1!/?E !79E?/A 3@7?Q G 863032351?79A =7A 1407;<14303?762/83E A 39[9A ?34C同济大学"##%年考博英语真题33!"$%::%;’4I C 17A 172>C 3@C;/=9A@C 3?E 619<1A 392/07D10/67?E 34@63039723/947</=2C 760:=?7@23/94@/0032B 21E7A 739422C 1041?514/6/2C 164C 74<1192C 1:/@=4/:61@192614176@C 392/2C 10/67?E 151?/80192/:@C 3?B E 619G ^923?61@192?;!@C 3?E84;@C /?/A 34244=88/621E83/9116E 151?/801927?342]179GZ 37A 1239C 34C ;8/2C 14342C 72<1@7=41/:2C 13630072=632;!@C 3?E 619=9E 167A 141519E /9/227D1392/7@B @/=922C 13921923/94/:78164/9@/0032239A7@@3E 1927?/6E 1?3<16721C 760!<=2672C 164308?;7443A 98=934C B 0192:/626794A 61443/94/92C 1<7434/:2C 107A 932=E 1/:2C 191A 72351@/941O =19@14@7=41E GN @@/6E 39A2/Z 37A 12!@C 3?E 619=9E 167A 141519/@@=8;2C 1:3642427A 1/:0/67?E 151?/80192!>C 3@C34@C 767@2163S1E<;0/67?7<4/?=2340*6=?1407E 1<;7=2C /6323140=42<1/<1;1E +79E30039192b =423@1*3:6=?14761<6/D19!8=934C 0192>3??<10121E/=2+G ^923?;/=9A@C 3?E 619072=612C 1360/67?b =E A 01924761<741E192361?;/92C 11::1@2672C 162C 792C 1@7=41/:726794A 61443/9G P />1516!3961@192614176@C !_1741;:/=9E2C 7243FB ;176B /?E @C 3?E 6199/2/9?;E 34239A =34C<12>1197@@3E 1927?79E 3921923/97?C 760!<=27?4/b =E A 13921923/97?C 7607497=A C 2316!61A 76E ?144/:2C 170/=92/:E 707A 186/E =@1E G Y /2C/:2C 141:39E 39A 441102/39E 3@7212C 72@C 3?E 619!7279176?3167A 12C 79Z 37A 12@?7301E !7E 579@1392/2C 141@/9E427A 1/:0/67?E 151?/80192!0/67?7=2/9/0;!39>C 3@C2C 1;7@@1824/@37?6=?14<=2531>2C 10740/6176<32676;2C 79E /@C 3?E 619392C 1:3642427A 1G_1741;R 4614176@C 6734142>/D1;O =1423/94:/6E 151?/801927?84;@C /?/A 34247</=2@C 3?E 619=9E 167A 141519(E /2C 1;61@/A 93S1b =423:3@723/94:/6C 760:=?7@23/94!79EE /2C 1;07D1E 34239@23/94<12>119C 760:=?7@242C 7276186151927<?179E2C /417@242C 72C 751=9:/614119C 760:=?@/941O =19@14-.2=E 31439E 3@7212C 72b =423:3@723/941F@=439AC 760:=?7@23/9403A C 239@?=E 18=<?3@E =2;!41?:B E 1:1941!79E86/5/@723/9G c /61F708?1!‘14E 7?179Ed =?1@/9@?=E 1E2C 72@C 3?E 619>161@787<?1/:@/943E 1639A >C 12C 16/69/2797A A 6144/6R 47@23/9>74b =423:31E<;8=<?3@E =2;(:351;176/?E 4617@21E516;E 3::16192?;2/#Y /9931>61@D4N 99R 4861219EC /=41$E 1819E 39A/9>C 12C 16Y /9931E 3E32#4/4/01</E ;>/9R 2:7??/51632$/6<1@7=41Y /9931>7921E #2/07D1N 99:11?<7E G $I C =47@C 3?E/::351<1A 3942/=9E 164279E2C 72@16B 2739C 760:=?7@23/94!2C /=A C3921923/97?!@79<1b =423:31E )2C 1@/942673924/:0/67?7<4/?=23409/?/9A 164/?1?;A =3E 12C 136b =E A 01924GZ 4;@C /?/A 3424C 751E 12160391E2C 72E =639AD39E 16A 76219@C 3?E 619?17692/07D14=<2?1E 34239@23/9439B 5/?539AC 760G Q 76?1;/<41651E2C 7270/9A7@24395/?539A=93921923/97?C 760!43FB ;176B /?E@C 3?E 619b =421921B 639AD39E 16A 76219@/=?E9/2E 3::161923721<12>119:/614117<?1!79E2C =486151927<?1!C 76079E=9:/61411B 7<?1C 760:/6>C 3@C2C 1816812672/6@799/2<1<?701E G .15190/92C 4?7216!C />1516G Q 76?1;:/=9E2C 722C 1414701@C 3?E 619@/=?E07D1</2CE 34239@23/94!2C =4E 10/94267239A2C 722C 1;C 7E<1@/010/67??;7=B 2/9/0/=4G$’G H C 3@C/:2C 1:/??/>39A<142E 14@63<142C 187447A 1747>C /?1-N G N 9/=2?391:/6:=2=61614176@C GY G N 91F879E 1EE 1:39323/9/:@/00/9?;034=9E 1642//E21604GM G N 9797?;434/:7E 348=21<12>1192>/2C 1/63424GQ G NE 34@=443/9/:614176@C:39E 39A 43979/9A /39A39O =36;G$*G N @@/6E 39A2/2C 187447A 1!Q 76?1;:/=9E2C 727:216415190/92C 4/:D39E 16A 7621943F ;176/?E 47@O =361E>C 3@C/:2C 1:/??/>39A7<3?32314-N G Q 3::1619237239A<12>119:/614117<?179E=9:/614117<?1C 760GY G X E 1923:;39A>32C2C 1816812672/6/:7C 760:=?7@23/9GM G ]=423:;39AC 760:=?7@23/942C 72614=?2:6/086/5/@723/9GQ G [57?=7239A2C 107A 932=E 1/:91A 72351@/941O =19@14614=?239A:6/02C 1<617D39A/:6=?14G$,G N @@/6E 39A2/2C 187447A 1!Z 37A 1279E_1741;>/=?E9/2C 7517A 611E/9>C 3@C/:2C 1:/??/>39A -N G I C 1D39E 4/:1F@=414@C 3?E 619A 351:/6C 760:=?7@242C 1;@/0032GY G I C 17A 172>C 3@C@C 3?E 619<1A 392/E 34@63039721<12>1193921923/97?79E=93921923/97?C 760G33."M G I C 13921923/94@C 3?E 619C 7513981681267239AC 760GQ G I C 1@36@=04279@14=9E 16>C 3@C@C 3?E 6198=934CC 760:=?7@24G"#G X 2@79<139:1661E:/602C 187447A 12C 72Z 37A 12>/=?E<1?3D1?;2/7A 611>32C>C 3@C/:2C 1:/??/>39A42721019247</=22C 18=934C 01922C 72@C 3?E 619=9E 16415197443A 92/>6/9A E /39A -N G I C 14151632;/:2C 17443A 91E8=934C 019234E 12160391E<;2C 1816@1351E07A 932=E 1/:91A 72351@/9B 41O =19@140/612C 79<;79;/2C 16:7@2/6GY G I C 18=934C 0192342/<17E 039342161E3001E 3721?;:/??/>39A2C 126794A 61443/9GM G I C 1@C 3?E 6197443A 98=934C 0192?14476<326763?;2C 792C 1;E />C 192C 1;617@C 2C 17A 1/:0/67?7=2/9B /0;GQ G I C 18=934C 0192:/67@24/:=93921923/97?C 76034?1444151612C 793234:/67@24395/?539A7@@3E 1927?C 760G$%(7#+(%*:H %79-*G (-=N *;H 9:>9*7-<>9*’:’I C61187443/94!4308?1<=2/516>C 1?039A ?;426/9A !C 751A /51691E0;?3:1(2C 1?/9A 39A:/6?/51!2C 14176@C:/6D9/>?1E A 1!79E=9<1767<?1832;:/62C 14=::1639A/:079D39E G I C 14187443/94!?3D1A 6172>39E 4!C 751<?/>901C 32C 1679E2C 32C 16!397>7;>76E@/=641!/5167E 118/@179/:79A =34C !617@C 39A2/2C 1516A 1/:E 148736GX C 7514/=A C 2?/51!:3642!<1@7=4132<639A 41@4274;,1@4274;4/A 61722C 72X >/=?E/:219C 75147@63:3@1E 7??2C 16142/:?3:1:/67:1>C /=64/:2C 34b /;G X C 7514/=A C 232!91F2!<1@7=413261?31514?/91?391442C 7221663<?1?/91?3914439>C 3@C/914C 351639A@/94@3/=49144?//D4/5162C 1630/:2C 1>/6?E392/2C 1@/?E=9:72C /07<?1?3:1?1447<;44G X C 7514/=A C 232!:397??;!<1@7=41392C 1=93/9/:?/51X C 7514119!3970;423@039372=61!2C 1861:3A =639A5343/9/:2C 1C 175192C 7247392479E8/124C 751307A 391E G I C 3434>C 72X 4/=A C 2!79E2C /=A C3203A C 241102//A //E:/6C =079?3:1!2C 3434>C 7272?742X C 751:/=9E GH 32C1O =7?87443/9X C 7514/=A C 2D9/>?1E A 1G X C 751>34C 1E2/=9E 164279E2C 1C 17624/:019G X C 751>34C 1E2/D9/>>C ;2C 1427644C 391G N?322?1/:2C 34!<=29/20=@C G X C 7517@C 3151E GU /5179ED9/>?1E A 1!4/:76742C 1;>1618/443<?1!?1E=8>76E61>76E2C 1C 175194G Y =27?>7;4832;<6/=A C 201<7@D 2/1762C G [@C /14/:@6314/:873961516<16721E390;C 1762G M C 3?E 61939:70391!53@23042/6B 2=61E<;/886144/64!C 1?8?144/?E81/8?17C 7?1E<=6E 192/2C 1364/94!79E2C 1>C /?1>/6?E/:?/91?39144!8/5162;!79E873907D170/@D16;/:>C 72C =079?3:14C /=?E<1G X ?/9A2/7??1537212C 1153?!<=2X @799/279EX 2//4=::16GI C 34C 74<1190;?3:1G X C 751:/=9E32>/62C ?3539A !79EX >/=?EA ?7E ?;?351327A 7393:2C 1@C 79@1>161/:B :161E2/01G$%(7!O(979*;I /83@(K 9X 086/539AM C 3914181/8?1R 4h =7?32;H/6E 4?3032("%#B )##试题详解$%(7"?’%@9*;<-=&(’>’*:9-*$%::%;’!参考译文当你在日常生活和试验中看到颜色!会惊奇两种完全不相干的事实"我们看到的颜色是变化的!主要取决于它与其他同时看到的颜色之间的关系"颜色与直接的刺激之间没有固定的关系"另一方面!颜色的表面属性在很多照明颜色面前!变化不大!基本上*不总是+在白天看着就像人造光线一样"这些事实可能主要是由于前面提到过的颜色适应机制"同义转换细节推断结论处设题333"连线直击861419279E7881767479#7:216307A 1$4=81630B8/41E/92C 141@/9E G I C 11::1@29/2/9?;348614B192/5162C 17@2=7?7617@7=439A2C 1#?/@7?7E 7827B23/9$<=27?4/48617E 4>32CE 1@617439A42619A 2C2/7E b /3939A76174/:2C 11;12/86/E =@1#?72167?7E 78B2723/9G $N ?4/!<1@7=41/:2C 1816434219@1/:2C 11::1@23:2C 11;1344C 3:21E 76/=9E:6/0/91/<b 1@22/79/2C 16!7??/:>C 3@C761724303?76<63A C 2914414/6C 7514303?76@/?/64!2C 17E 782723/9>3??219E2/<1B@/01=93:/60/5162C 1>C /?11;1G&G I C 1861419241?1@23/9C 7478876192?;<119861@1E 1E<;4/011F8?79723/9/:G N G 4/011F816301924>32C @/?/683A B 01924Y G 2C 1972=61/:@/?/6M G 2C 1@/?/686/8162314/:5763/=44=6B :7@14Q G 2C 101@C 79340/:1;1R 47E 782723/92/@/?/6*推理判断+答案详解$G N !3精析4主旨大意题"原文首段从颜色入手!谈到与颜色有关的事实!关键是首段的最后一句话提到fE =12/2C 101@C 79340/:@/?/67E 782723/9G 接下去的段落也是基于这个中心来写的!段首句中的617E B b =420192就是选项N 中7E 782723/9的同义词"也就是说!整个节选部分的关键词是@/?/67E 782723/9"后面一段更是提到?/@7?7E 782723/9和?72167?7E 782723/9""G Y !3精析4细节分析题"题干问及在看两次的时候!一个有颜色的物体看上去是相似的还是不同的主要取决于什么条件"这个问题定位在第二段的开头!就是把原文的@/?/61E7617换成了题目中的@/?/61E /<b 1@2"结论是2C 1?/9A 162C 12301/:531>39A !2C 1C 3A C 162C 139219432;!79E2C 1?76A 162C 17617!2C 1A 6172162C 11::1@2>3??<13921604/:324816434219@1392C 14=@@11E 39A531>39A432=723/9G 这个含义与选项Y 中的>C 72D39E/:531>39A861@1E 1E17@C f 是一致的"前后两次看到的状况*比如时间长短!区域的大小+会产生影响")G M !3精析4细节分析题"在谈及到H63A C 2和.@C /=219的结论时!原文认为!当目光转移到光线相对比较暗的地方!在第一区域*明亮的区域+失却的灵敏度还有!就会以#残留影像$的方式在第二区域*暗的区域+出现"关键的问题是2C 1?/44/:4194323532;>3??<18614192!在选项M 里用了61A 739一词来表示灵敏度的恢复存在"&G Q !3精析4推断题"原文是节选!在首段的最后有两个词01923/91E176?316表明了前文曾经提及到的内容!即(01@C 79340/:@/?/67E 782723/9"$%::%;’.参考译文很多美国人和欧洲人都认为!人类是在$-世纪开始世界探险的"在他们看来!古时候的水手们没法深入地探求这个世界!他们甚至没有远洋航海所需要的必备技能"但是!持这种观点的人忘记了两个重要的历史事实"第一个事实(早期科学家的一些观点是正确的!但是后来的科学家们并不认可"大约公元前"’#年!一位希腊的科学家曾经认为!地球绕着太阳转"这一点我们现在已坚信无疑"但在其后的$-##年时间里!其他的科学家们却否认这一点!反倒认为应该是太阳绕着地球转"直到$%世纪!人们才又重新揭示了真相"第二个被多数人遗忘的事实(古老并不意味着原始"古埃及人对星星了解甚多!他们利用这方面的知识在海洋上识别确认方向"两千年以前!一位住在埃及的希腊科学家计算了地球的周长"他的计算结果接近我们目前知道的长度"也就是说!古时候的人们具有相当的科学知识!以及当今人类有的技能"$)##年以前!或者再早些!爱尔兰的渔民们就用木头和皮革制造船只!现在爱尔兰的一些渔民们仍然用同样的设计造船"使用的工具和材料与他们祖先的几乎没有什么两样"这是因为!船只在设计上是合理的"有经验的水手可以在不同的天气状况下驾驶这样的船只"显然!$-世纪前的人们已经具备了远洋航海的技术&知识和设备"那些探险家们可等不及到$-世纪再扬帆起程"举例处设问举例处设问同义转换推理判断细节处设问同义转换综合推断综合推断同义转换33I"答案详解,G Q !3精析4细节分析题"文中对安德森的描述除了相貌特征外就是他去酒馆!让新来的手下自己干活"喝酒回来就会检查手下的活!并用自己带有讽刺的幽默指出他的问题"文中的细节提示是在第一段第四句f>32C7?7@/93@C =0/6!C 1E 6/51791>4=<B 1E 32/6C 76E>32C C 34476@740G 选项N 的后半句是对的!但事实是手下工作的时候他并不在场监督"$#G Y !3精析4事实理解题"当安德森离开后!M /?/91?总是很小心!C 1>74@761:=?2/4112C 191>61@6=32>74A 35199/42/6;>C 3@C @/=?E8/443<?;42612@C C 348/>16G 选项中的@7=23/=4是原文@761:=?的同义替换词!A 3517@C 79@12/E 34239A =34CC 3041?:是原文中A 35199/42/6;>C 3@C@/=?E8/443<?;42612@C C 348/>16的同义替换"但这并不表明M /?/91?在阻止我的提拔!选项N 错误"$$G M !3精析4事实理解题"文中对于安德森的描述!他的幽默很刻薄!有时候我都想回学校了"但他从酒馆回来C 344C 7:24/:@6323@340>/=?EC 7517@O =361E7279A/::6319E ?39144G 也就是说!他对我的批评还多少有些留情"在选择的时候!要注意抓住文中作者对安德森工作风格中的C =0/6一词的焦点"$"G M !3精析4推理题"作者在短文后面提到安德森自己曾经的经历!他出版翻译集!但没有得到认可!作为报纸的编辑他就格外严格要求他的手下"选项M 中的他没有实现早期的梦想!是我们对作者表述的分析推理"$)G N !3精析4事实理解题"文中最后作者自己说出了原因C 1:/6147>7230103A C 2@/01>C 199/51?>632B39A>/=?E:73?01G 安德森是为他好!担心他的未来"重点词汇及短语4C 7:21’1,:22).!*非正式用语+嘲笑(嘲讽的评论)讽刺:?7A 67921&:?1%46)922%.!非常的!不能容忍的!恶名昭著的!公然的079O =n 1&0.+D1%2%.!*用在名词后面+愿望落空的!不成功的W 16?7391151)&?192!魏伦5保罗(*$*&&B $*,-+法国象征主义诗人!其作品以优雅的抒情体而出名?7@/93@1?)&D .9%D 2%.!*用词+简洁的!简明的.>39<=691!斯温伯恩!阿杰诺5查尔斯(*$*)’B $,#,+英国诗人及批评家!常写乐体诗或色情诗来抨击维多利亚时代的道德规范I C 1Z 3914!皮内斯岛(古巴西南部的加勒比海的一个岛屿"由哥伦布在$&,&年发现!后来成为监禁地和海盗聚集地"古马和美国都曾对其要求领土权!后来通过$,"%年的协约才确定为古巴的领土$%::%;’3参考译文今天!在学校里学习语言多少让人有些困惑"即便很多其他的传统课程都不再能满足学生们的需求!语言还是最传统的学校教育课程"你和那些听这个讲座的人说英语!比任何其他的有文化的人处境都要糟糕"思考语言的起源的那些人通常会得出这样的结论(语言是由咕哝声&嘶嘶声&哭声等逐步发展起来!约定俗成!而在最初这是件极其简单的事"但当我们观察我们认为是原始文化的语言行为时!认为它是相当精细复杂的事"探险家.61:7944/9说#爱斯基摩人为了彼此交流相处!需要知道一万多词汇!比一般说英语的商人需要的常用词汇要多得多"$另外!爱斯基摩语言的曲折变化比其他大家熟知的欧洲语言要多"比如一个简单的名词就可以用几百种不同的形式说或写!而这些不同的形式都有各自精确的含义"动词的形式就更多了"所以!爱斯基摩语言是世界上最难学的语言之一!几乎没有什么商人或探险家尝试着去学习"这样一来!在爱斯基摩人和白人交流中就产生了一种类似于中国的洋泾浜英语的混杂语言"这其中大概有)##到-##个没有曲折变化的词汇!它们中大多数是来自爱斯基摩语!也有的是源自英语&丹麦语&西班牙语&夏威夷语及其他"很多游者把这种混杂语言称作#爱斯基摩语言$"哥本哈根的I C 7?<32S16教授也觉得学爱斯基摩语太困难!他赞同探险家的观点!认为(这种语言是多词合成的"语法的曲折变化形式相当丰富!普通动词的变形有大概)%#种后缀!这和人称代词及动词结尾相等"名词的词形变化有大概$%#种后缀*用来表示双数格&复数&基本格&所有格等+"指示代词有独立的词形变化"在构词和句子结构以及复合词中起作用的词的派生结尾加起来至少有"%#个"尽管有如此复杂的结构特征!其语言的语法系统&综合体系都很简洁而且极具独特的逻辑性"引语处设问转折处设题细节处设题345"的爱斯基摩语的容量肯定比他们本身的语言要少的多"b 76A /9是来自两种语言的人交流时用的混和语言"选项Q 的39142307<?1指#无法估计的!无法估量的$!但文中还是有精确的)##到-##的数字事实"$%G Q !3精析4事实题"短文第二段有这么一句>C 19>1/<416512C 1?79A =7A 1<1C 753/6/:>C 72>161A 76E74863032351@=?2=614!>1:39E f 说明对语言问题的研究是从原始文化的出发点来的"$-G Y !3精析4事实概括题"文章是对原始语言特征的描述!第二段开头用了两个形容词1?7</6721和@/0B8?3@721E "这是选项Y 中@/08?1F 的指代"接下去教授所说的$####词汇足以说明语言词汇的丰富!0=@C ?76A 162C 792C 17@23515/@7<=?76;f "文章的最后强调的是语法和合成体系的逻辑性"概括起来就是?76A 1!@/08?1F 79E?/A 3@7?"重点词汇及短语8/9E 161&8.9E )*6+2L.!沉思!考虑b 76A /91&E $1,A )92).!行话(一个行业&职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语83E A 391&8%E $%92).!*在贸易或交往中形成的不同语种的+混杂语言!事务19E /6411%9&E 0,42L.!在*票据+背面签名!签注*文件+!认可!签署9/2>32C 4279E 39A 1#9.2>%/&42e9E %+!B >%5B 2%’.!尽管!还是8/?;4;92C 123@1#8.?%4%9&/12%D 2%.!多式综合的)多词合成的(属于或关于像爱斯基摩语或莫霍克语这类语言的!特征是带大量前后缀的&形态上复杂的长词语!在其他语言中!表示复合的关系和通常作为短语或句子表示综合意思"@/9b =A 723/91#D .9E $*&41%’(92).!某一特定动词的变形E 1@?1943/91E %&D?19’(92).!词尾变化!格变化E 1635723511E %&6%5)2%52%G !派生的!衍生的$%::%;’4参考译文儿童在什么年龄开始分辨对自己及他人的有害行为!这点已经成为目前对儿童道德发展研究的焦点"至此!儿童心理学家仍然支持先驱发展学家皮亚杰的假设"假设认为!七岁以下的儿童由于发展尚未成熟!所以不会考虑他人实施意外或故意伤害时的企图!但却会根据行为所引起的负面后果的大小来划分实施者应受惩罚的程度"根据这一推论!七岁以下是儿童道德发展的第一阶段!特征是道德绝对论*即权威的命令都要遵守+和司法惩治*一旦规则被打破!立即予以惩罚+"在他们成熟之前!儿童的道德判断完全基于结果!而不是犯罪的原因"但最近_1741;研究发现!六岁的儿童不仅能够区分意外和故意伤害!而且能够判断故意伤害是不道德的!当然他们会忽略所产生的伤害"这些研究都表明!儿童在幼年就进入道德发展的第二个阶段!即道德自治!这个年龄比皮亚杰所认为的要更早些"在第二阶段!他们已经能接受社会的规范!但比第一阶段的儿童更认为行为有随意性"_1741;向研究七岁以下儿童的发展心理学家提出两个关键的问题(他们是否理解要为受害行为做辩护)他们是否能够分辨可预防的受害行为和无法预见的受害结果"研究表明!为受害行为的辩护可能包括公共责任!自我防卫!以及挑衅"比如!‘14E 7?1和d =?1认为儿童能够考虑一位攻击者的行为是否能通过公共责任来辩护"五岁的孩子对于#Y /9931破坏了N 99搭的房子$有不同的反应!这要取决于Y /9931破坏它是因为房子会绊倒别人!还是因为Y /9931想让N 99生气"也就是说!一个五岁的孩子开始理解这样的有害行为是可以辩解的!即使有时候是故意的行为"仅仅通过道德绝对论的约束不再能引导他们的判断"心理学家明确这一点!在幼儿园阶段!儿童们学着仔细区别不同的伤害"Q 76?1;发现如果这其中包含无意伤害!那么在六岁才进幼儿园的孩子们无法区分伤害是可预见的!可预防的还是不可预见的!从而作恶者可以免责"但是七个月后!Q 76?1;又发现!同样的这些孩子们已经能够很好的区分了!这表明他们开始有了道德自治"。

全国医学考博英语真题及答案解析2004年-育明考博

全国医学考博英语真题及答案解析2004年-育明考博

全国医学考博英语真题及答案解析2004年patr II vocabulary(10%)31.All the characters in the play are_____A.imaginable adj.可想象的, 可能的B.imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的C.imaginative adj. 富于想象力的D.imagining32.The judge _____ all the charges against SmithA.dismisseddismiss a charge驳回指控B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminate the false and retain the true去伪存真C.refusedvt.拒绝, 谢绝n.废物, 垃圾D.discardedinto the discard成为无用之物; 被遗忘throw sth. into the discard 放弃某事(PS:育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣:547.063 .862 TEL:四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题)33.The actress _____ the terms of her contract and was prosecuted起诉 by the producer制片人.A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼B.ratified ratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案C.drafted vt.起草D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨碍睡眠violate sb.&apos;s privacy侵扰某人的安静; 闯入私室34.At this time of the year,university admission offices are_____with inquires from anxious applicants.A.annoyedB.thrilledv.发抖C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躏v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视D.reproached v.责备35.When the former President_____her candidacy候选资格,she had a good chance of being elected.A.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强B.endorsed v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署C.follow up v.穷追, 把...探究到底, 用继续行动来加强效果D.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出36.The country’s highest medal was _____upon him for heroism.A.earnedB.bestowed给与, 授, 赠, 赐(on, upon)I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。

医学考博英文题整合

医学考博英文题整合

Simulated FATMD TestPAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections1. A. To do some experiments. B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2. A. In a hotel. B. In the hospital.C. In the prison.D. At the airport.3. A. He got an ulcer in his stomach.B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4. A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B. She left because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5. A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6. A. Get more time to relax.B. Take some tranquilizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7. A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He ha a hard time getting the institute stated.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. It is impossible to open such an institute in Seoul.8. A. Excited. B. Frustrated. C. Annoyed. D. Relieved.9. A. Each class lasts an hour.B. The class is meeting in an hour and a half.C. The class meets fours and a half per week.D. The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10. A. The woman was a good skier.B. The woman chouldn’t ski.C. The woman didn’t intend to go skiing.D. Twoman didn’t like Swiss.11. A. She’s an insurance agent.B. She’s an insurance client.C. She’s a bank clerk.D. She’s a driver.12. A. He tripped over some crutcher.B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13. A.The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can’t wait for the new semester.14. A. She was knocked down by a feather.B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15. A. To visit his son. B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BPassage One16. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitorC. A physicianD. A dieter.17. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset.18. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup.C. Anti-diarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.19. A. The cold weather.B. Tirdness caused by traveling.C. The strange food the had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20. A. Take the medicine from the woman.B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21. A. Headaches B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22. A. On Monday in Edinburgh.B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23. A. 94. B. 41 C. 130 D. 13524. A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written downanything traumatic.25. A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at StaffordshireUniversity.C. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches. Passage Three26. A. A brief history of British pubs.B. Beer-the-British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in a Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of Britishpubs.27. A. As early as 659AD.B. After 659AD.C. Before the Roman invasion .D. After the Roman invasion.28. A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29. A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people fromdrinking.C. There apperared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around thelaws.30. A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section A31. The doctor gave him an injection in order to ________the pain.A. alleviateB. aggregateC. abolishD. allocate32. His broken arm healed well, but sh died of thepneumonia which followed as a _______.A. complementB. complimentC. fell uponD. complication33.Unfortunately,our vacation plans _________on account oftransport strike.A. fell backB. fell throughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The _______ climate of Hawaii attracts visitors from allover the world every year.A. genialB. frigidC. genuineD. foul35. This is the _______ in which the organism lives mosteffecitively.A. optimumB. optionC. ordealD. orbit36. The doctor suggests that a good holiday in the countryshould _______ him _____ nicely after his operation.A. set….outB. set….upC. set….offD. set…aside37. His behavior was so ______ that ever the merciful peoplecould not forgive him.A. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliant38. ________ to your present job until you can get a betterone.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very _______nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleC. elasticD. exceptional40. He saved some money for artistic ______ such as finepaintings.A. donationsB. profitsC. luxuriesD. lures.Section BDirections:(略)41. It has been proved that the chemical is lethal to rats butsafe for cattle.A. fatalB. reactiveC. uniqueD. vital42. To their surprise, she has been nominated as candidatefor the Presidency.A. recognizedB. definedC. appointedD.promoted43. We cannot look down our opponent, who is anexperienced swimmer.A. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. partner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends topatients without any complaint.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. caresfor45. It is well known that the minimum penalty for this crimeis 2years’imprisonment.A. convictionB. spanC. mercyD. punishment46. The whole area of the national and local governmentstried to wipe out rats to prevent the spread of disease.A. exterminateB. dominateC. determinateD.contaminate47. All the students are afraid of him since he is alwayssevere with them.A. vigorousB. rigorousC. vigilantD. rigid48. The biggest engineering project that they undertookwas encumbered by lack of funds.A. cancelledB. condensedC. hamperedD.haunted49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must beenthusiastic and magnetic.A. arrogantB. industriousC. zealousD.attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of his dynamicpersonality, he seems to have unlimited energy.A. meticulousB. vigorousC. aggressiveD.arbitraryDirections:略Many Canadians enjoy the luxury of a large amount of living space. Canada is vast, and the nomes are large according to the standards of many countries. Even 51 inner cities fo not reach the extremes found in other parts of world.Canadians appreciate the space and value their privacy. Since families are generally small, many Canadian children enjoy the luxury of their own bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern 52 .Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions. “Family room”are popular features in modern houses; these are53 , “living room”since many living room have become reserved for entertaining. Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, 54 .Recreational homes are also popular 55 Canadians. Some Canadians own summer homes,cottages,or camps. These may 56 from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence. Some cottages are winterized for year-round use. Cottages offer peoplethe chance to “get away from it all.”They are so popular that summer weekend traffic jams are common, especially in large cities such as Toronto, where the number of people leaving town of Friday night and returning Sunday night 57 the highways for hours.Sometimes, living in ,Canada means not only having privacy, but also being isolated. Mobility has become a part of modern life; people often do not live in one place long enough to 58 to know their neighbors. Tenants live their own lives in their apartments or townhouses. Even in private residential areas, where there is some 59 , neighborhood life is not as close-knit as it once was. There seems to be 60 of a communal spirit. Life today is so hectic that there is often little time.。

全国医学博士英语统考真题试卷2005

全国医学博士英语统考真题试卷2005

2005Part II vocabularysection A31.There was no_____but to close the road until February.A.dilemmaB.denyingC.alternativeD.doubt32.I______when I heard that my grandfather had died.A.fell apartB.fell awayC.fell outD.fall back33.I’m_____passing a new law that helps poor children get bettermedicine.A.taking advantage ofB.standing up forC.looking up toD.taking hold of34.In front of the platform,the students were talking with theprofessor over the quizzes of their_____subjects.pulsorypulsiveC.alternativeD.predominant35.The tutor tells the undergraduates that one can acquire____ina foreign language through more practice.A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency36.The teacher explained the new lesson_____to the students.A.at randomB.at a lossC.at lengthD.at hand37.I shall ___the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper witha reward for the finder. A.advertise rm C.announceD.publish38.The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can ___adultgrowth. A.degenerate B.deteriorate C.boost D.retard39.She had a terrible accident,but___she was’t killed.A.at all eventsB.in the long runC.at largeD.in vain40.His weak chest___him to winter illness .A.predictsB.preoccupiesC.prevailsD.predisposesSection B41.The company was losing money,so they had to lay off some ofits employees for three months.A.oweB.dismissC.recruitD.summon42.The north American states agrreed to sign the agreement ofeconomical and military union in Ottawa.A.conventionB.convictionC.contradictionD.confrontation43 The statue would be perfect but for a few small defects in itsbase.A.faultsB.weaknessesC.flawsD.errors44.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days.John was startlingly pale. A.amazingly B.astonishingly C.uniquelyD.dramatically45.If you want to set up a company,you must comply with theregulations laid down by the authorities.A.abide byB.work outC.check outD.succumb to46.The school master applauded the girl’s bravery in his openingspeech.A.praiseB.appraisedC.cheeredD.clapped47.The local government leaders are making every effort to tacklethe problem of poverty.A.abolishB.addressC.extinguishD.encounter48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.A.intelligentprehensivepetentprehensible49.Reading a book and listening to music simultaneously seems tobe mo problem for them.A.intermittentlyB.constantlyC.concurrentlyD.continuously50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work forthe company.A.accomplishmentB.recognitionC.apprehensionmitmentPart III CloseIn Mr.Allen’s high school class,all students have to “get married”.However,the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 51 .These mock ceremonies sometimes become so 52 that the loud laughter drowns out the voive of the “minister”.Even the two students getting married oftenbegin to giggle.The teacher Mr. Allen,believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business.He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that 53 take place after marriage.He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 54 should be understood before peoplemarry.Mr.Allen does’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment.He also expose them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day.He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain a marriage to the breaking point .He even 57 his students with the problems of divorced men must pay child support money for their wives.It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces. 58 they took the course,they had not worried much about the problems of marriage.However,both students and parents feel that Mr.Allen’s course is valuable and have 59 the course publicly.There statements and letters supporting the class have, 60 theschool to offer the course again,51. A.duplications B.imitations C.assumptionD.fantasies52. A.noisy B.artificial C.graceful D.real53. A.might B.would C.must D.need54. A.issues B.adjustments C.mattersD.expectancies55. A.to face B.facing C.having faced D.faced56. A.tribulations B.errors C.triumphsD.verdicts57. rms B.concerns C. triumphsD.associates58. A.Until B.Before C.After D.As.59. A.taken B.suggested C.endorsedD.reproched60. A.confined B.convinced promisedD.conceivedpassage oneWhy do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embeded in every culture-----that dancing is a “cultural universal”. A researcher in Manchester thingks the impulse may be more deeply rooted than that. Hesays it may be a reflex reaction.Neil Todd,a psychologist at the University of Manchester. told the BA that he first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people dance to deafeningly loud music.“There is a compulsion about it.”he says.He reckoned there might be a moredirect,biological,explanation for the disre to dance,so he started tolook at the inner ear.The human ear has two main functions:hearing and maintaining balance.The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so thatorgans for balance,for insance,do not have an acoustic function.But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus,which is part of the balance---regulating vestibular system,has retain some sensitivity to sound.The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise,above70 decibel.“There’s no question that in a contemporary dance environment,the sacculus will be stimulated.”says Todd.The average rave,he says,blares music at a painful 110 to 140 decibels.But no one really knows what an acoustically stimulated sacculus does.Todd speculates that listening to extremely loud music is a form of “vestibular self-stimulation”:it gives a heightened sensation of motion. “We don’t know exactly why it causes pleasure.”he says.”But we know that people go to extraordinary length to get it.”He list bungee jumping,playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other example of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus.The same pulsing that makes us feel as though we are moving may make us get up and dances as well,says Todd.Loud music sends signals to the inner ear which may prompt reflex movement. “The typical pulse rate of dance music is around the rate of locomotion.”he says,“It’s quite possible you’re triggering a spinal reflex.”61.The passage begins with______A. a new explanation of musicB. a cultural universalquestionedC. a common psychological abnormalityD. a deep insight into humanphysical movenents62.What intrigued Todd was ______A.human instinct reflexesB.people’s biological heritagesC.people’s compulsion about loud musicD.the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing63.Todd’s biological explanation for the desire to dance refersto_____A.the mechanism of hearing soundsB.the response evoked from the sacculusC.the two main functions performed by the human earD.the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function64.When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated,according toTodd_____A.functional balance will be maintained in the earB.pleasure will be arousedC.decibel will shoot upD.hearing will occur65.What is the passage mainly about?A.The human ear does more than hearing than expcted.B.Dancing is capable of heighten the sensation of hearingC.Loud music stimulates the inner ear and generates the urge to danceD.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintainbalance.passage 2Have you switch off your compter? How about your television? Your video? Your CD player? And even your coffee percolator? Really switched them off,not just pressed the button on some conrtol panel and left your machine with a telltale bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to life at your command?Because if you haven’t,you are one of the guilty people who help pollute the planet.It does’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme,conscientiously sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work.You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little redlights is glowing in the dark.The awful truth is that household and office electrical appliances left on stand-by mode are gobbling up energy,even though they are doing absolutely nothing.Some electronic products-----such as CD players----can use almost as much energy on stand-by as they do when running.Others may use a lot less,but as your video player spend far more hours on stand-by than playing anything,the wastage soon adds up.In the US.alone,idle electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the energy needs of Chicago or London----costing consumers around $1 billion a year.Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.Thoughtless design is partly responseble for the waste.But manufactures only get away with desinging products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue,indeed,while recycling has caught the public imagination ,reducing waste has attractedmuch less attention.But “source reduction”,as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use,offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds.With a little intelligent shopping,you can cut waste long before you reach the end of the chain.Packaging remains the big villain.One of the hidden consequences of buying products grown or made all around the world,rather than produced locally,is the huge amount of packaging.To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest trick is to look forultra-light package.The same arguments apply to the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives,thin-walled aluminum cans,and cartons made of composites that wrap up anything drinkable inan ultra-light package.There are hundreds of other tricks you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around the proverbial water cooler—fillingup,naturally,your own mug rather than a disposable plastic cup.But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped Christmas presents.There are limits to sourcecorrectness.66. Fron the first two paragraphs,the author implies that______A.hitch has made life easy everywhereB.nobody seems to be innocent in polluting the planetC.recycling can potentially control environmental deteriorationD.everybody is joining the global battle against pollution in oneway or another67.The waste caused by household and office electrical applianceson stand-by mode seems to_____A.be a long-standing indoor problemB.cause nothing buttroubleC.get exaggeratedD.go unnoticed68.By idle electronic devices,the author means those appliances_____A.left on stand-by modeB.filling the atmosphere with carbon dioxideed by those who are mot energy-conscioused by those whose words spesk louder than actions69.Ultra-light packaging______A.is expected to reduce American waste bu one-thirdB.is an illustration of what is called “source reduction”C.can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligentD.is a villain of what the garnage experts call “source reduction”70.The conclusion the author is trying to draw is that______A.one person cannot win the battle against pollutionB.anybody can pick up tricks of environmental protection on the webC.noybody can be absolutely right in all the tricks of environmentalprotectionD.anybody can present or learn a trick of cutting down what is notneededpassage 3You can have too much of a good thing,it seems---at least when it comes to physiotherapy after a stroke. Many doctors believe that it is the key to recovery:exetcising a partially paralyzed limb can help the brain “rewire”itself and replace neural connections destroyed by a clotin the brain.But the latest animal experiments suggest that too much exercise too soon after a brain injury can make the damage worse. “It’s something that clinicians are not aware of,”says Timothy Schallert of the University at Austin,who led the research.In some trials,stroke victims asked to put their good arm in a sling---to force them to use their partially paralyzed limb---had made much better recoveries than those who used their good arm. But these patients were treated many months after their strokes.Earlier intervention,Schallert reasoned,should lead to even more dramaticimprovements.To test this theory,Schallert and his colleagues placed tiny casts on the good forelimbs of rats for two weeks immediately after they were given a small brain injury that partially paralyzed one forelimb.Several weeks later, the researchers were astonished to find that brain tissue surruouding the original injury had also died. “The size of the injury doubled. It’s very dramatic effect.”says Schallert.Brain-injured rats that were not forced to overuse their partially paralyzed limbs showed no similar damage,and the casts did not cause adramatic loss of brain tissue in animals that had not already suffered minor brain damage.In subsequent experiments,the researchers have found that the critical period for exercise-induced damage in rats is the first week after the initial brain injury.The spreading brain damage witnessed by Schaller’s team was probably caused by the release of glutamate,a neurotransmitter,from brain cells stimulated during limb movement.At high doses,glutamate is toxic even to healthy nerve cells.And Schallert believes that a brain injury makes neighboring cells unusually susceptible to the neurotransmitter’s toxiceffects.Randolph Nudo of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,who studies brain injury in primates,agrees that glutamate is the most likely culprit.In experiments with squirrel monkeys suffering from stroke-like damage,Nudo tried beginning rehabilitation within five days of injury.Although the treatment was bebeficial in the long run,Nudo noticed an initial worsening of the paralysis that might also have been due to brain damage brought on by exercise.Schallert stresses that mild exercise is likely to be beneficial however soon it begins.He adds that it is unclear whether human victims of strokes,like brain -injured rats,could make their problems worse by exercising too vigorously,too soon.Some clinics do encourage patients to begin physiotherapy within a few weeks of suffering a traumatic head injury or stroke,says David Hovda,director of brain injury research at the University of California,Los Angeles.But even if humans do have a similar period of vulnerability to rat,he speculates that it might be possible to use drugs to block the effects of glutamate.71. Schallert issued a warning to those who____A.believe in the possibility of rewiring the brainB.are ignorant of physiotherapy in the clinicC.add exercise to partially paralyzed limbsD.are on the verge of a stroke72.Which of the following is Schallert’s hypothesis for hisinvestigation.?A.Earlier intervention should lead to even more dramaticimprovements.B.The critical period for braim damage is one week after injury.C.A partially paralyzed limb can cause brain damagesD.Physiotherapy is the key to brain recovery.73.The results from Schallert’s research____A.reinforced the singificance of physiotherapy after a strokeB.indicated the fault with his experiment designC.turned out the oppsiteD.verified his hypothesis74.The results made Schallert’s team aware of the fact that____A.glutamate can have toxic efforts on healthy nerve cellsB.exercise can boost the release of glutamateC.glutamate is a neurotransmitterD. all of the above75.Schallert would probably advise clinicians____A.to administer drugs to blick the effects of glutamateB.to be watchful of the amount of exercise for stroke victimsC.to prescribe vigorous exercise to stroke vivtims one week afterinjuryD.to reconsider the significance of phusiotherapy to brain damagePssage FourOur understanding of cities in anything more than casual terms usually starts with observations of their spatial form and structure atsome point or cross-section in time.This is easiest way to begin,for it is hard to assemble data on how cities change through time,and, in any case,our perceptions often betray us into thinking of spatial structures as being resilient and long lasting.Even where physical change is very rapid,this only has an impact on us when we visit such places infrequent -ly ,after years away. Most of our urban theory,whether it emanates from the social sciences or engineering,is structured around the notion that spatial and spatial and social structures change slowly,and are sufficiently inert for us to infer reasonable explanations from cross-sectional studies.In recent years,these assumptions have come to be challenged,and in previous editorials I have argued the need for a more temporal emphasis to our theories and models,where the emphasis is no longer on equilibrium but on the intrinsic dynamics of urban change.Even these views,however,imply a conventional wisdom where the real focus of urban studies is on processes that lead to comparatively slow changes in urban organization,where the functions determining such change are very largely routine,accomplished over months or years,rather than any lesser cycle of time.There is a tacit assumption that longer term change subsumes routine change on a day-to-day or hour-basis,which is seen as simply supporting the fixed spatial infrastructures that we perceive cities to be built around .Transportation modeling,for example,is fashioned from thes standpoint in that routine trip-making behavior is the focus of study,its explanation being central to the notion that apatial structures are inert and long lasting.76.We ,according to the passage,tend to observe citiesA.chronologicallyB.longitudinallyC.sporadicallyD.horizontally77.we think about a city as____A.a spatial eventB.a symbolica worldC.a social environmentD.an intertelated system78.Cross-sectional studies show that cities ____A.are structured in three dimensiosB.are transformed rapidly inany aspectC.are resilient and long lasting rhrougy timeD.change slowly in spatial and social structrues79.The author is drawing our attention to ____A.the equilibrium of urban spatial structuresB.the intrinsic dynamics of urban changeC.the fixed spatial infrastructureD.all of the above80.The conventional notion,the aurhor contends,____A.presents the inherent nature of a cityB.underlies the fixed spatial infrastructuresC.places an emphasis on lesser cycles of timeD.hinders the physical change of urban structurePassane fiveWhen it is sunny in June,my father gets in his first cutting of hay.He starts on the creek meadows,which are flat,sandy,and hot.They are his driest land.This year,vacationing from my medical practice,I returned to Vermont to help with the haying.The heft of a bale through my leather gloves is familiar:the tautness of the twine,the heave of the bale,the sweat rivers that run through the hay chaff on my arms.This work has the smell of sweet grass and breeze.I walk behind the chug and clack of the baler,moving the bales into piles so my brother can do the real work of picking them up later.As hot as the air is,my face is hotter.I am surprised at how soon I get tired.I take a break and sit in the shade,watching my father bale,trying not to think about how old he is,how the heat affects his heart,what mighthappen.This is not my usual work,of course.My usual work is to sit with patients and listen to them.Occasionslly I touch them,and am glad that my hands are soft.I don’t think my patients would like farmer callouses and dirty hands on their tender spots.Reluctantly I feel for lumps in breasts and testicles,hidden swellings of organs and joints,and probe all the painful places in my patients’lives.There are many,Perhaps I am too soft,could stand callouses of a different sort.I feel heavy after a day’s work ,as if my patients were inside me,letting me carry them.I don’t mean to.But where do I put their stories?The childhood beatings,ulcers from stress, incapacitating depression,fears,illness? These are not my experiences,yet I feel them and carry them with me.Try to find healthier meanings,I spent the weekbefore vacation crying.The hay field is getting organized.Piles of three and four bales are scattered around the field.They will be easy to pick up.Dad climbs,tired and lame,from the tractor.I hand him a jar of ice water,and he looks with satisfaction on his job just done.I’ll stack a few more bales snd maybe drive the truck for my brother.My father will have some appreciative customers this winter,as he sells his bales of hay.I’ve needed to feel this heaviness in my muscles,the heat on my face.I am taunted by the simplicity of this work,the purpose and results,the definite boundaries of the fields,the dimensions of the bales,for illness is not defined by the boundaries of bodies;it spills into families ,homes, schools,and my office,like hay tumbling over the edge of the cutter bar.I feel the rough stubble left in its wake.I need to remember the stories I’ve helped reshape,new meanings stacked against the despair of pain,I need to remember the smell of hay in June.81.Which of the following is NOT true according to the story?A.The muscular work in the field has an emotional impact on thenarrator.B.The narrator gets tired easily working in the field.C.It is the first time for the narroator to do hayingD.The narrator is as physician82.In retrospection ,the narrator___A.feels guilty before his father and brotherB.defends his soft hands in a meaningful wayC.hates losing his muscular power before he knows itD.is shamed for the farmer callouses he does not possess83.As a physician,the narrator is ___A.empathicB.arrogantC.callousD.fragile84.His associations punctuate_____A.the similarities between medicine and agricultureB.the simplicity of muscular workC.the hardship of life everywhereD.the nature of medical practice85.The narrator would say that____A.it can do physicians good to spend a vacation doing muscular workB.everything is interlinked and anything can be anythingC.he is a shame to his fatherD.his trip is worth itPassage SixEveryone has seen it happen,A colleague who has been excited,involved,and productive slowly begins to pull back,lose energy and interest,and becomes a shadow or his or her former self.Or,a person who has been a beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism.What happened? How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there?Burnout is a chronic state of depleted energy ,lack of commitmentand involvement,and continual frustration,often accompanied at work by physical symptoms,disability claims and performance problem.Job burnout is a crisis of spirit,when work that was once exciting and meaningful becomes deadening.An organization’s most valuable resource---the energy ,dedication,and creativity of its employees---is often squandered by a climate that limits or frustrates the pool of talent and energyavailable.Milder forms of burnout are a problem at every level in every type of work.The burned-out manager comes to work,but he brings a shell rather than a person.He experiences little satisfaction,and feels uninvolved,detached,and uncommitted to his work and co-workers.While he may be effective by external standards,he works far below his own level of productivity. The people around him are deeply affected by his attitude and energy level,and the whole community begins to suffer.Burnout is a crisis of the spirit because people who burn out were once on fire.It’s especially scary…………….some of the most talented .If they can’t maintain their fire,others ask who can? Are these people lost forever,or can the inner flame be rekindled? People often feel that burnout just comes upon them and that they are helpless victims of it. Actually,the evidence is growing that there were ways for individuals to safeguard and renew their spirit,snd more important,there are ways for organizations to change conditions that lead to burnout.86.The passage begins with____A.a personal transitionB.a contrast between two types of peopleC.a shift from conformity to individualityD.a mysterious physical and mental state87.Which of the following is related with the crisis of spirit?A.Emotional exhaustionB.DepersonalizationC.Reduced personal accomplishmentD.All of the above88.Job burnout is a crisis of spirit,which will result in ___A.a personal problemB.diminished productivityC.an economic crisis in a countryD.a failure to establish a pool of talent and energy89.Burnout can be ___A.fatalB.staticC.infectiousD.permanent90.Those who are burned-out,according to the passage,are potentiallyable___A.to find a quick fixB.to restore what they have lostC.to be aware of their status quoD.to challenge their organizationA.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D.。

2005年10月B中科院考博英语真题单词

2005年10月B中科院考博英语真题单词

2005年10月B卷词汇1. soar effortlessly 自由翱翔| 自在翱翔| 自在飞翔2. reckless ['reklɪs]adj. 鲁莽的,不顾后果的;粗心大意的3. reckless driving 鲁莽驾驶;驾驶疏忽4. lenient ['liːnɪənt]adj. 宽大的;仁慈的5. not lenient 严格的6. lenient sentence 轻判7. tender ['tendə]adj. 温柔的;柔软的;脆弱的;幼稚的;难对付的n. 偿付,清偿;看管人;小船vt. 提供,偿还;使…变嫩;是…变柔软vi. 投标;变柔软8. tender for 投标9. open tender [经] 公开招标10. tender offer 投标报价;招标11. tender feeling 柔情12. invitation to tender [经] 招标13. adjourn [ə'dʒɜːn]vi. 休会;延期;换地方vt. 推迟;使…中止;使…延期14. adjourn examination 延期审理15. adjourn with让步16. hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]n. 听力;审讯,听讯v. 听见(hear的ing形式)17. price hearing 价格听证18. hearing loss 听觉损耗;听觉损失19. hearing aid 助听器20. court hearing [法] 庭审21. hold a hearing 举行听证会22. sue [s(j)uː]vt. 控告;请求vi. 控告;提出请求23. sue for 控告24. sue out 向法院请求得到25. Sue out a pardon 求得宽赦26. suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs]adj. 可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的27. suspicious of 对起疑28. mischievous ['mɪstʃɪvəs]adj. 淘气的;(人、行为等)恶作剧的;有害的29. Mischievous Instinct 淘气天性30. spoil [spɒɪl]vt. 溺爱;糟蹋;掠夺vi. 掠夺;变坏;腐败n. 次品;奖品31. the spoils of war 战利品32. spoil child 放纵的孩子33. spoil dump [矿业] 废石堆34. seam [siːm]n. 缝;接缝vt. 缝合;接合;使留下伤痕vi. 裂开;产生裂缝35. coal seam [地质] 煤层36. welding seam [机] 焊缝;对接焊缝37. seam line 接缝线;模缝线38. weld [weld]n. 焊接;焊接点vt. 焊接;使结合;使成整体vi. 焊牢39. weld metal 焊缝金属40. weld line 熔接线;焊接纹41. weld strength 焊接强度42. rim [rɪm]n. 边,边缘;轮辋;圆圈vi. 作…的边,装边于vt. 作…的边,装边于43. Pacific Rim 太平洋沿岸地区;泛太平洋44. wheel rim 轮辋;钢圈;轮箍;[车辆] 轮缘45. allusion [ə'luːʒ(ə)n; -'ljuː-]n. 暗示;提及46. in allusion to 针对;引喻47. classical allusion 古典48. Literary allusion 文学典故49. make an allusion to 暗指,间接提到50. allude [ə'l(j)uːd]vi. 暗指,转弯抹角地说到;略为提及,顺便提到51. allude to 暗指,提到52. inflammation [ɪnflə'meɪʃ(ə)n]n. [病理] 炎症;[医] 发炎;燃烧;发火53. chronic inflammation 慢性炎症54. diminish inflammation 消炎55. inflammation point 着火点56. inflame [ɪn'fleɪm]vt. 激怒;使燃烧;使发炎vi. 燃烧;发炎;激动57. assuage inflame 缓和| 激怒58. assuage [ə'sweɪdʒ]vt. 平息;缓和;减轻59. assuage hunger 减缓饥饿60. assuage pain 镇痛61. assuage sorrow 减轻悲痛62. flagrant ['fleɪgr(ə)nt]adj. 公然的;不能容忍的;非常的;恶名昭著的(名词flagrancy,副词flagrantly)63. flagrant foul 恶意犯规,恶性犯规64. flagrant violation 公然侵犯重大违反65. Flagrant Disregard 公然不顾66. disregard [dɪsrɪ'gɑːd]vt. 忽视;不理;漠视;不顾n. 忽视;不尊重67. at length 最后,终于;详细地68. solemn ['sɒləm]adj. 庄严的,严肃的;隆重的,郑重的69. solemn promise 庄严承诺;誓言70. solemn ceremony 隆重的典礼71. presumptive [prɪ'zʌm(p)tɪv]adj. 假定的;根据推定的72. presumptive instruction 推测指令| 基本指令| 假定指令73. presumptuous [prɪ'zʌm(p)tʃʊəs]adj. 专横的;放肆的;冒昧的74. presumptuous demands 非分的要求75. set aside 留出;驳回,撤销;不顾76. leave off 停止77. leave out 遗漏,省去;不考虑78. on leave 休假;在休假中79. leave room for 留下的余地;为留余地;留出空间80. leave it at that 暂时停止争论81. sign away 签字放弃82. hold up 举起;阻挡;拦截83. vocal ['vəʊk(ə)l]adj. 歌唱的;声音的,有声的n. 声乐作品;元音84. vocal tract 声道85. vocal music 声乐;通过口头传唱的音乐86. vocal concert 演唱会87. litter ['lɪtə]n. 垃圾;轿,担架;一窝(动物的幼崽);凌乱vt. 乱丢;给…垫褥草;把…弄得乱七八糟vi. 产仔;乱扔废弃物88. leaf litter 落叶层89. litter size 同胎生仔数;每窝仔畜数90. no litter 不许到垃圾;禁止扔垃圾91. come to one’s rescue: 来援救某人93. come to the rescue of 营救94. at large 详尽的;未被捕的,整个的95. at heart 本质上,内心里96. at best 最多97. at most 至多98. successive [sək'sesɪv]adj. 连续的;继承的;依次的;接替的99. successive steps 逐步100. successive elimination 逐次消元101. attached [ə'tætʃt]adj. 附加的;依恋的,充满爱心的v. 附上(attach的过去分词)102. attached file 附加文件103. no strings attached 没有附加条件;无附带限制104. attached list 附表105. attached sheet 附件,附页106. attached document 附属资料107. precedent ['presɪd(ə)nt]n. 先例;前例adj. 在前的;在先的108. condition precedent 先决条件109. lay in 贮存110. lay down 放下;制定;铺设;主张111. lay a foundation 奠定基础;奠基;打下基础112. lay eggs 产蛋113. lay out 展示;安排;花钱;为划样;提议114. lay stress on 注意,重视;把重点放在115. lay off 解雇;休息;停止工作116. lay claim to 要求;自以为117. lay at 攻击;将放置在前面118. lay up v. 贮存;搁置;卧床不起119. lay asleep 使入睡;埋葬,使永眠地下120. on the lay [黑话、行话]做(违法)买卖;干活(如偷、扒、抢等) 121. lay upon 随而定;把重点放在122. lay over 覆盖;胜过,压倒123. lay hands on 得到;找到;攻击124. menace ['menəs]n. 威胁;恐吓vi. 恐吓;进行威胁vt. 威胁;恐吓125. serious menace 重大威胁126. invisible menace 看不见的威胁127. dismissal [dɪs'mɪsl]n. 解雇;免职128. unfair dismissal 不公平解雇129. dismissal wage 遣散费;解雇工资130. wrongful dismissal 非法解雇131. dismissal reason 解雇理由132. forced dismissal 勒令退学133. promising ['prɔmisiŋ]adj. 有希望的,有前途的v. 许诺,答应(promise的现在分词形式)134. promising future 发展前景;光明的前途135. promising market 发展潜力大的市场;有销路的市场136. feverish ['fiːv(ə)rɪʃ]adj. 发热的;极度兴奋的137. feverish market 变动不定的证券市场138. feverish activity 兴奋的活动139. pretentious [prɪ'tenʃəs]adj. 自命不凡的;炫耀的;做作的140. pretentious flourish 比喻虚假的141. pretentious language 似以欺惑性的语言142. fiendish ['fiːndɪʃ]adj. 恶魔似的,残忍的;极坏的143. fiendish terrible 极坏的144. venerate ['venəreɪt]vt. 崇敬,尊敬145. To venerate very reverently 恭恭敬敬146. numerate ['njuːm(ə)rət]vt. 数,列举;读(数)adj. 识数的,会计算的147. Literate and numerate 阅读写作计算能力148. transcend [træn'send; trɑːn-]vt. 胜过,超越149. Transcend Self 超越自我150. philosophy transcend 理念超越151. apprehend [æprɪ'hend]vt. 理解;逮捕;忧虑vi. 理解;担心152. apprehend criminal 逮捕罪犯153. feeble ['fiːb(ə)l]adj. 微弱的,无力的;虚弱的;薄弱的154. feeble breathing 奄奄一息155. feeble signal 微弱信号156. strenuous ['strenjʊəs]adj. 紧张的;费力的;奋发的;艰苦的;热烈的157. strenuous exercise 剧烈运动158. constable ['kʌnstəb(ə)l; 'kɒn-]n. 治安官,巡警;警察159. police constable 警员,警察160. constable patrolman 巡警161. patrol [pə'trəʊl]n. 巡逻;巡逻队;侦察队vt. 巡逻;巡查vi. 巡逻;巡查162. on patrol 在巡逻;巡逻中163. police patrol 公安巡逻艇;警察巡逻164. patrol car 巡逻警车165. patrol inspection 巡回检查166. rogue [rəʊg]n. 流氓;小淘气;凶猛的离群兽;(尤指植物的)劣种vi. 游手好闲;去劣;流浪vt. 欺诈;去劣adj. (野兽)凶猛的167. rogue software 流氓软件恶意软件168. rogue germs 顽劣的病菌169. Rogue Racing 野蛮赛车170. brigade [brɪ'geɪd]n. 旅;大部队;队列vt. 把…编成旅;把…编成队171. fire brigade n. 消防队172. construction brigade 工程队173. pilfer ['pɪlfə]vi. 偷窃;小偷小摸vt. 窃;偷窃;小偷小摸174. sloop [sluːp]n. [船] 单桅帆船175. patrol sloop 护卫舰| 巡逻炮舰176. magistrate ['mædʒɪstrət; -streɪt]n. 地方法官;文职官员;治安推事177. magistrate court 治安法院| 裁判法庭| 原本由英国的推事庭178. burglary ['bɜːglərɪ]n. 盗窃,夜盗;盗窃行为v. 入室行窃179. auto burglary 偷汽车里的东西180. unwanted ['ʌn'wɑntɪd]adj. 不需要的;有害的;讨厌的;空闲的181. Unwanted Intrusion 不速之客182. precision [prɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n]n. 精度,[数] 精密度;精确adj. 精密的,精确的183. high precision 高精度184. precision machinery 精密机械;精密机械学185. measurement precision [机] 测量精度186. sculpture ['skʌlptʃə]n. 雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀vt. 雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀vi. 从事雕刻187. ice sculpture 冰雕188. stone sculpture 石雕189. sculpture crafts 雕塑工艺品| 工艺品雕塑| 木制工艺品190. fluidity [flʊ'ɪdəti]n. [流] 流动性;流质;易变性191. membrane fluidity [生物物理] 膜流动性192. thin fluidity 易流动性193. evaporate [ɪ'væpəreɪt]vt. 使……蒸发;使……脱水;使……消失vi. 蒸发,挥发;消失,失踪194. boiling evaporate 沸腾蒸发195. evaporation [ɪ,væpə'reʃən]n. 蒸发;消失196. evaporation loss 蒸气损失197. evaporation rate [气象][物] 蒸发率;[气象] 蒸发速度198. evaporation temperature 蒸发温度199. evaporation capacity 蒸发(容)量,[气象][化工] 蒸发能力;蒸发率200. mirror ['mɪrə]n. 镜子;真实的写照;榜样vt. 反射;反映201. mirror image [数][光] 镜像202. mirror surface 镜面;镜像曲面203. rearview mirror (车辆)后视镜204. mirror effect 镜象效应205. effortless ['efətlɪs]adj. 容易的;不费力气的206. effortlessly ['efətlisli]adv. 轻松地;毫不费劲地207. Almost Effortlessly 几乎毫不费力208. massive ['mæsɪv]adj. 大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的209. massive data 海量数据210. prescription [prɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]n. 药方;指示;惯例adj. 凭处方方可购买的211. folk prescription 偏方;民间药方212. prescription drug 须医师处方才可买的药品213. prescription medicine 处方药214. on prescription 凭处方(的),根据药方(的)215. medication [medɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 药物;药物治疗;药物处理216. oral medication 内服;口服法217. diabete n. 糖尿病218. tout [taʊt]vt. 兜售;招徕;刺探赛马情报vi. 兜售;招徕顾客;拉选票n. 侦查者;兜售者219. ticket tout 票贩子220. scary ['skeərɪ]adj. 提心吊胆的;引起惊慌的;胆小的221. scary costs 吓人的支出222. scary animals 可怕的动物223. insure [ɪn'ʃɔː; ɪn'ʃʊə]vt. 确保,保证;给…保险vi. 确保;投保224. insure against 给保险以防225. insurance [ɪn'ʃʊər(ə)ns]n. 保险;保险费;保险契约;赔偿金226. insurance company 保险公司227. medical insurance 医疗保险228. unemployment insurance 失业保险229. swing [swɪŋ]n. 摇摆;摆动;秋千;音律;涨落vi. 摇摆;转向;悬挂;大摇大摆地行走vt. 使旋转;挥舞;悬挂adj. 旋转的;悬挂的;强节奏爵士音乐的230. in full swing 活跃;正在全力进行中231. go with a swing 顺利进行;节奏轻快232. swing by 用吊挂;路经;短暂拜访233. swing one's weight 发挥个人的影响(或权势);施展个人权势(或影响) 234. pharmacy ['fɑːməsɪ]n. 药房;配药学,药剂学;制药业;一批备用药品235. College of Pharmacy 药学院;药剂学院236. pharmacy equipment 药房设备237. downside ['daʊnsaɪd]n. 下降趋势;底侧adj. 底侧的238. downside risk 跌价风险;下跌风险239. on the downside 下降中,衰落中,衰减中240. pharmacist ['fɑːməsɪst]n. 药剂师241. chief pharmacist 主任药师| 总药剂师242. associate chief pharmacist 副主任药师243. overhead [əʊvə'hed]adv. 在头顶上;在空中;在高处adj. 高架的;在头上的;在头顶上的n. 天花板;[会计] 经常费用244. overhead crane 桥式吊车,高架起重机245. overhead line 架空线路;架空管道246. overhead light 顶灯,高架照明灯247. overhead expense 营业费用;企业管理费用248. general overhead 一般间接费用249. No Overhead 不准超车250. trial ['traɪəl]n. 试验;审讯;努力;磨炼adj. 试验的;审讯的251. on trial 在试验中;在受审252. trial and error 反复试验;尝试错误法253. trial period 试用期254. first trial 初审;初次试验255. criminal trial 刑事审判256. civil trial 民事审判257. by trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索258. court trial 法庭审判259. stand trial 在受审260. protest ['prəʊtest]vi. 抗议;断言vt. 抗议;断言n. 抗议adj. 表示抗议的;抗议性的261. protest against 反对,对提出抗议262. without protest 心甘情愿地;不反对地;在不保留异议的情况下263. under protest 抗议着;极不乐意地264. protest about 对...提出抗议265. bullpen ['bʊlpen]n. 牛栏;大房间;(棒球)候补队员区266. brokerage ['brəʊk(ə)rɪdʒ]n. 佣金;回扣;中间人业务267. brokerage firm 经济商行;经纪行;经纪商(号)268. brokerage industry 中介业269. stock brokerage 证券经纪业,股票经纪业;股票经纪业务270. brokerage house 经纪行271. spill [spɪl]vt. 使溢出,使流出;使摔下vi. 溢出,流出;摔下;涌流n. 溢出,溅出;溢出量;摔下;小塞子272. oil spill 漏油;浮油273. spill over 溢出274. spill the beans 泄密;说漏嘴275. spill out (使)溢出,(使)溅出;突然涌出;说出(真相、内情)276. chemical spill 化学溢出物;化学品溢漏277. metallic [mɪ'tælɪk]adj. 金属的,含金属的278. metallic element [化学] 金属元素279. metallic material [材] 金属材料280. metallic glass 金属玻璃,玻璃合金281. shackle ['ʃæk(ə)l]n. 束缚;桎梏;脚镣vt. 束缚;加枷锁282. heart shackle 心形卸扣283. hook shackle 吊钩卸扣284. captor ['kæptə]n. 捕获者;俘虏者285. pile [paɪl]n. 堆;大量;建筑群vt. 累积;打桩于vi. 挤;堆积;积累286. a pile of 一堆;很多287. pile in 塞进;挤入288. pile up 积累,堆放起来289. pile on 堆在之上;使堆积在290. mattress ['mætrɪs]n. 床垫;褥子;空气垫291. spring mattress [家具] 弹簧床垫;弹簧褥子292. air mattress 空气垫;橡胶气垫293. dictate [dɪk'teɪt]vt. 命令;口述;使听写vi. 口述;听写n. 命令;指示294. figure dictate 图形表达295. sensibility [,sensɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]n. 情感;敏感性;感觉;识别力296. musical sensibility 乐感297. tracking sensibility 跟踪灵敏度298. superficial [,suːpə'fɪʃ(ə)l; ,sjuː-]adj. 表面的;肤浅的n. 表面文章;外表;浅薄的人299. superficial layer [解剖] 浅层;[流] 表面层300. superficial area 表面积301. superficial fascia [解剖] 浅筋膜302. cement [sɪ'ment]vt. 巩固,加强;用水泥涂;接合vi. 粘牢n. 水泥;接合剂303. in cement [美国口语]坚定不移的,不妥协的304. cement concrete 水泥混凝土305. cement industry 水泥工业306. heathen ['hiːð(ə)n]n. 异教徒;粗野的人adj. 异教的;野蛮的307. blameless ['bleɪmlɪs]adj. 清白的;无可责备的;无过失的308. blameless cycle 良性循环309. Legally Blameless 按照法律无罪310. gospel ['gɒsp(ə)l]n. 真理;信条adj. 传播福音的;福音赞美诗的311. gospel musicn. 福音音乐(美国黑人的一种宗教音乐)312. damnation [dæm'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 诅咒;非难;被罚下地狱int. 糟了;该死313. forgivable [fɚ'ɡɪvəbl]adj. 可宽恕的;可原谅的314. resent [rɪ'zent]vt. 怨恨;愤恨;厌恶315. resent society 憎恨社会316. bring into line 使排齐;使一致317. to bring into line with 使一致318. heartless ['hɑːtlɪs]adj. 无情的;无勇气的319. Heartless Betrayal 无情背叛320. victim ['vɪktɪm]n. 受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者321. fall victim to 成为的牺牲品;成为的受害者;屈服于;被降服322. prestige [pre'stiː(d)ʒ]n. 威望,声望;声誉323. occupational prestige 职业声望324. high prestige 崇高威望325. stake [steɪk]n. 桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金vt. 资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌vi. 打赌326. at stake 危如累卵;处于危险中;在紧要关头327. stake someone to something为某人取得某物而提供金钱(或援助),资助某人取得某物328. equity stake 股权329. go to the stake (被绑在火刑柱上)受火刑;为自己的行为或信仰而受苦难赴汤蹈火330. have a stake in 与利害攸关331. stake out 监视;立桩标出;派警察监视332. stake on 在...上打赌;把赌注押在...上面333. wholesale ['həʊlseɪl]adj. 批发的;大规模的n. 批发adv. 大规模地;以批发方式vt. 批发vi. 批发;经营批发业334. wholesale market [贸易] 批发市场335. wholesale price 批发价格336. wholesale business 批发业务,批发生意337. wholesale trade 批发贸易338. wholesaler ['həul,seilə] n. 批发商339. preacher ['priːtʃə]n. 牧师;传教士;鼓吹者340. sermon ['sɜːmən]n. 布道;训诫;启示;冗长的讲话vt. 对…布道;对…说教vi. 布道341. Sermon Outline 讲道大纲| 讲题和大纲342. plead [pliːd]vt. 借口;为...辩护;托称vi. 恳求;辩护343. plead guilty 服罪;被告服罪344. plead for 请求;为辩护345. plead with 向恳求;恳求346. plead against sb 反驳某人347. pleader ['plidɚ]n. 答辩人;辩论者348. codify ['kəʊdɪfaɪ]vt. 编纂;将...编成法典;编成法典349. Codify laws 编纂法律350. normative ['nɔːmətɪv]adj. 规范的,标准的351. normative economics [经] 规范经济学352. normative mineral [矿物] 标准矿物353. regard [rɪ'gɑːd]vi. 注意,注重;注视vt. 注重,考虑;看待;尊敬;把看作;与有关n. 注意;尊重;问候;凝视354. with regard to 关于;至于356. in regard to 关于355. in this regard 就这一点而言357. regard as 把……认作358. without regard to 不考虑;不顾及359. pay regard to 重视;注意到360. in regard of 关于361. prescriptive [prɪ'skrɪptɪv]adj. 规定的,规范的;指定的362. prescriptive right [法] 因时效而取得的权利;法定期限权363. Prescriptive Period 时效期364. bulk [bʌlk]n. 体积,容量;大多数,大部分;大块vt. 使扩大,使形成大量;使显得重要365. the bulk of 大多数,大部366. in bulk 整批,散装;大批,大量367. bulk density 容积密度,[物] 体积密度;单位体积重量368. bulk cement 散装水泥369. bulk production 批量生产370. sweep [swiːp]vt. 扫除;猛拉;掸去vi. 扫,打扫;席卷;扫视;袭击n. 打扫,扫除;范围;全胜371. sweep the floor 扫地;清洁地面;清扫地板,拖地板372. sweep away 清除;一扫而空373. clean sweep 全胜;快速整理374. frequency sweep 频率扫描375. sweep up 大扫除;收拾干净376. sweep out 清除;扫除377. sweep down 突袭378. sweep rate [电子] 扫描频率;扫描速度379. downtime ['daʊntaɪm]n. (工厂等由于检修,待料等的)停工期;[电子] 故障停机时间380. maintenance downtime 停机检修时间381. spectator [spek'teɪtə]n. 观众;旁观者382. spectator sport 吸引大量观众的体育运动383. Media Spectator 新闻观察384. sibling ['sɪblɪŋ]n. 兄弟姊妹;民族成员385. sibling rivalry 同胞争宠;手足之争386. sibling species [遗] 同胞种;两似种387. culprit ['kʌlprɪt]n. 犯人,罪犯;被控犯罪的人388. prime culprit 主犯,首犯389. accessory culprit 从犯390. demoralize [dɪ'mɔrəlaɪz]vt. 使道德败坏;使堕落;使士气低落391. demoralize cheer 士气受挫392. divide and demoralize 分化瓦解393. rivalry['raɪv(ə)lrɪ]n. 竞争;对抗;竞赛394. business rivalry 商业竞争395. rivalry behavior争偶行为。

2005医博统考听力题解析原文

2005医博统考听力题解析原文

2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30 %)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day,Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample 3answerA DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. He was waiting in the wrong place.B. He won’t have to wait any longer.C. The woman was mistaken.D. The woman should ask somebody else for help.2. A. The results might be ready tomorrow afternoon.B. The results might be ready tomorrow morning,C. The results will be ready this afternoon.D. The results were back this morning.3. A. Buy a purse. B. Buy the AIDS patients medicine.C. Make a donation.D. Lend the man some money.4. A. He failed to defend his paper. B. He had got a bleeding finger.C. He cut his finger with a knife.D. He had a paper cut.5. A. He can’t afford a digital camera now.B. He’s not sure how much a digital camera costs.C. He’ll buy a digital camera that fits his pocket.D. He’s lost the money he saved.6. A. Join the student Union.B. Persuade the other members of the Student Union not to quit.C. Keep an eye on the other members of the Student Union.D. Help the man find someone to fill the vacancy.7. A. The dentist will be back this afternoon.B. The dentist will have a full schedule this afternoon.C. He’s already had the dentist check his teeth.D. He plans to see the dentist this afternoon.8. A. Large and bulky. B. Lightweight and compact.C. Fancy and sophisticated.D. Appealing and amazing.9. A Use less shampoo, B. Stop using shampoo.C. Switch to the man’s brand.D. Rinse off the shampoo thoroughly.10. A. The fitness center doesn’t open until tomorrow.B. She is too busy to go to the fitness center.C. The fitness center is not for kids.D. The project of the fitness center will be finished tomorrow.11. A. Look in the library catalogue.B. Borrow the man’s computer.C. Seek the information from the Internet.D. Seek the information from Drama Society.12. A. He has changed his schedule. B. He was sick last Monday.C. He works less than he used to.D. He started his vacation last Monday.13. A. Because she has to pay a home visit to an emergency case.B. Because she dislikes teaching and wants to quit.C. Because her father has just been sent to the hospital and needs her care.D. Because her father is leaving the hospital and needs her help.14. A. Discontinue all the medications.B. Try new medicine and then have a CT scan.C. Take a CT scan before medication.D. Have a CT scan right away.15. A. Annoyed. B. Scared. C. Puzzled. D. Anxious.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passages One16. A. Common insomnia. B. Sleep-including activities.C. Foods to help people sleep better.D. Causes of insomnia and ways to deal with it.17. A. Asthma. B. Aches. C. Ulcer. D. Anemia.18. A. Go to bed earlier the next night. B. Go to bed as usual the next night.C. Take a nap the next day.D. Sleep late the next few days.19. A. Because tryptophan can balance their diet.B. Because tryptophan is an amino acid found in certain foods.C. Because tryptophan is crucial to the sleep process.D. Because tryptophan can cure insomnia altogether.20. A. Pessimistic. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.Passage Two21. A. The difference between the couple in their view of time.B. The difference between the couple in their view of religion.C. The difference between the couple in their view of loyalty.D. The difference between the couple in their view of responsibility.22. A. He likes to be late. B. He likes to be early.C. He likes to be just on time.D. He likes to be just in time.23. A. 2 pm. B. 1:40 pm. C. 2:03 pm. D. 2:30 pm.24. A. Cancel the wedding immediately. B. Find a substitute immediately.C. Wait patiently till the groom to come finally.D. Find a lawyer to sue the groom.25. A. Cultural difference. B. Gender-related difference.C. Ethnical difference.D. Social rank.Passage Three26. A. She is a dentist. B. She is an orthopedist.C. She is a physiotherapist.D. She is a pharmacist.27. A. She is examining the man.B. She is taking a history.C. She is explaining the man’s condition.D. She is discussing a case with her colleague.28. A. Sliding over the stairs. B. Straightening his spine.C. Bending his knee too hard.D. Lifting heavy loads in the wrong way.29. A. In the lower part of his back. B. In the upper part of his back.C. In the middle part of his back.D. Not mentioned.30. A. Stay in bed to let the disc rest. B. Take some drugs to relieve the pain.C. Have some physiotherapy.D. Undergo an operation right away.2005全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 通过男士的话You must be thinking of someone else可知女士是认错人了。

2001-2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案

2001-2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案

PART 1SECTION A 1-5ACDBA 6-10ACADCSECTION B 1.far exceed those 2.devoted to research 3.applied aspects 4.drive out basic reasearch 5.invariably be undertaken 6.major scientific discoveries 7.pure 8.degradePART 2作文:在冬天锻炼身体PAPER TWO 1-5CCABC 6-10DBDCD 11-15DAABB 16-20CCADD 21-25DCACC 26-30CABAA 31-35CABAA 36-40BCCDB 41-45CCABB 46-50CDBDA 51-55CAADD 56-60CAACC 61-65DABDD 66-70CAADD 71-75CACDA2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5BCCAD 6-10BCCBC 11-15CDDCB 16-20ACBBA 21-25DDCCC 26-30ADACB 31-35BCACD 36-40CCCDD 41-45BDDBC 46-50DABAB 51-55BCDAC 56-60CCCAA 61-65ADDBA 66-70DDACC 71-75BAAAA 76-80BCBCD 81-85CBDDD 86-90ABCAD作文:如何保持充沛的精力2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DDBAB 6-10DCDBD 11-15BDDAA 16-20CADDD 21-25CDDAC 26-30DDBCD 31-35ABDCA 36-40DACCA 41-45ACCDD 46-50BDDCA 51-55BACAC 56-60BACBA 61-65CBCBC 66-70CBDAB 71-75DADCD 76-80BDCCA 81-85AADCB 86-90BCADB作文:健康从早餐开始2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5ABCCC 6-10BDADD 11-15ABCCD 16-20DACBA 21-25ABDCD 26-30ADCBC 31-35BADAB 36-40BABCB 41-45ACBDC 46-50DCADA 51-55ABDAB 56-60CAABC 61-65DCBDC 66-70DDCDB 71-75BDBCB 76-80BADAB 81-85BDCCA 86-90BDAAD作文:入世后看病如何挑医院2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1 -5 CACDA 6-10CDBCB 11-15CADBA 16-20DDBCB 21-25ABCBD 26-30CCDAD 31-35CABAA 36-40CADAD 41-45BACBA 46-50ABDCC 51-55BBABD 56-60ACACB 61-65BCB,B,C 66-70BDABC 71-75CACAB 76-80AADBD 81-85CBAAA 86-90DDDCB作文:艾滋病是全社会的威胁2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5 CBCDA 6-10BDDDC 11-15BAADB 16-20DDACD 21-25BCBAB 26-30BBDCC 31-35CDCCB 36-40BCBDA 41-45ACACA 46-50ACDDB 51-55BCACA 56-60BADBC 61-65DDDDA 66-70ACABD 71-75ACCCC 76-80BBAAD 81-86DBDBD 86-90DDB,B,C作文:走路与健康2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DBBAD 6-10ABDCB 11-15ADACC 16-20BADDA 21-25CBDAC 26-30ACACC 31-35ADBAA 36-40BCDAC 41-45ACBDD 46-50ABCDB 51-55BADBC 56-60CACAD 61-65BCBAD 66-70CACCC 71-75BBBDA 76-80B,B,CDC 81-85CDCAA 86-90DDAAD作文:手术与害怕2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CBACC 6-10CADBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20ADDCA 21-25ADBAB 26-30BDCDA 31-35ACCDB 36-40CBCCB 41-45BCDDB 46-50ADCBD 51-55BACDB 56-60CADCA 61-66DBCBD 66-70DBDDC 71-75CCDBD 76-80BCCBA 81-85ADBCD 86-90AACAA作文:珍爱生命从护心开始1-5DBCCB 6-10CBDAB 11-15DABAB 16-20DABCD 21-25B,B,CDD 26-30CCADB 31-35ACBBA 36-40DCBAB 41-45BACDB 46-50ADDDC 51-55BBAAC 56-60BBACC 61-65DCBDB 66-70ADDAD 71-75DACAC 76-80DCBBB 81-85CDDBA 86-90CCDCB作文:水果是否可吃可不吃。

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全国医学考博英语真题整理2005年31、There was no________ but to close the road until February.A.dilemmaB.denyingC.alternativeD.doubt32. I_______ when I heard that my grandfather had died.A.fellB.fell awayC.fell outD.fell back33. I’m_____ passing a new law that helps poor children get better medicine.A.taking advantage ofB.standing up forC.lookong up toD.taking hold of34. In front of the platform, the students were talking with the professor overthe quizzes of their________ subjects.pulsorypulsiveC.alternativeD.predominants35. The tutor tells the undergraduates that one can acquire ______ in a foreign language through more practice.A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency36. The teacher explained the new lesson ______ to the students.A.at randomB.at a lossC.at lengthD.at hand(PS:育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣:547.063 .862 TEL:四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题)37. I shall _____ the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a rewardfor the finder.A.advertisermC.announceD.publish38. The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can ____ adult growth.A.degenerateB.deteriorateC.boostD.retard39.She had a terrible accident, but ______she wasn’t killed.A.at all eventsB.in the long runC.at largeD.in vain40.his weak chest _____ him to winter illness.A.predictsB.preoccupiesC.prevailsD.predisposesSection B41.The company was losing money, so they had to lay off some of its employeesfor three months.A.oweB.dismissC.recruitD.summon42.The northy American states agreed to sign the agreement of economical and military union in Ottawa.A.conventionB.convictionC.contradiction D,confrontation43.The statue would be perfect but for a few small defects in its base.A.faultsB.weaknessesC.flawsD.errors44.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was startlingly pale.A.amazinglyB.astonishinglyC.uniquelyD.dramatically45.If you want to set up a company. You must comply with the regulations laid down by the authorities.A.abide byB.work outC.check outD.succumb to46.The school master applauded the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.A.praisedB.appraisedC.cheeredD.clapped47.The local government leader are making every effort to tackle the problemof poverty.A.abolishB.addressC.extinguishD.encounter48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.A.intelligentprehensivepetentprehensible49.Reading a book and listening to music simultaneously seems to be no problemfor them.A.intermittentlyB.constantlyC.concurrentlyD.continuously50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work for the company.A.accomplishmentB.recognitionC.apprehensionmitmentPart III Cloze (10%)In Mr. Allen’s high school class, all the students have to “get married”. However, the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 51 . These mock ceremonies sometimes become so 52 that the loud laughter drowns out the voice of the “minister”. Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.The teacher, Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that53 take place after marriage. He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 54 should be understood before people marry.Mr. Allen doesn’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment, He also exposes them to nitty-gritty problems they will face everday . He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can straina marriage to the breaking point. He even 57 this students with the problemsof divorce and fact that divorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay monthly alimony to their wives.It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems thata married couple often faces. 58 they took the course, they had not worried much about the problems of marriage. However, both students and parents feelthat Mr. Allen’s course is valuable and have 59 the course publicly. Their statements and letters supporting the class have, 60 the school to offer the course again.51.A. duplications B.imitations C.assumptions D.fantasies52.A. noisy B.artificial C.graceful D.real53.A.might B.would C.must D.need54.A.issues B.adjustments C.mattersD.expectancies55.A.to face B.facing C.having faced D.faced56.A.tribulations B.errors C.triumphs D.verdictsrms B.concerns C. triumphs D.associates58.A.Until B.Before C.After D.As59.A.taken B.suggested C.endorsed D.approached60.A.confirmed B.convinced promised D.conceivedPart IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneWhy do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embedded in every culture---that dancingis a ‘cultural universal’. A researcher in Manchester thinks the impulse maybe even more deeply rooted than that. He says it may be a reflex reaction.Neil Todd, a psychologist at the University of Manchester, told the BA thathe first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people danceto deafeningly loud music. ‘There is a compulsion about it’, he says. He reckoned there might be a more direct, biological, explanation for the desireto dance, so he started to look at the inner ear.The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance.The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so that organs for balance,for instance, do not have an acoustic function. But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus, which is part of the balance-----regulating vestibular system, has retained some sensitivity to sound . The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise, above 70 decibels.‘There’s no question that in a contemporary dance environment, the sacculuswill be stimulated.’ Says Todd. The average rave, he says, blares music ata painful 110 to 140 decibels. But no one really knows what acoustically stimulated sacculus does.Todd speculates that listening to extremely loud music is a form of‘vestibular self-stimulation’ it gives a heightened sensation of motion. ‘We don’t know exactly why it causes pleasure.’ he says. ‘But we know that peoplego to extraordinary lengths to get it’ He lists bungee jumping, playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other examples of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus.The same pulsing that makes us feel as though we are moving may make us getup and dance as well, says Todd. Loud music sends signals to inner ear whichmay prompt reflex movement. ‘The typical pulse rate of dance music is aroundthe rate of locomotion,’ he says. ‘It’s quite possible you’re triggeringa spinal reflex.’61. The passage begins with_______.A. a new explanation of musicB. a cultural universal questionedC. a common psychological abnormalityD. a deep insight into human physical movements62. What intrigued Todd was_____.A. human instinct reflexesB. people’s biological heritagesC. people’s compulsion about loud musicD. the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing.63.Todd’a biological explanation for the desire to dance refers to______.A.the mechanism of hearing soundsB.the response evoked from the sacculusC.the two main functions performed by the human earD.the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function64.When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated , according to Todd.____.A.functional balance will be maintained in the earB.pleasure will be arousedC.decibels will shoot upD.hearing will occur65. What is the passage mainly about?A.The human ear does more than hearing than expected.B.Dancing is capable of heightening the sensation of hearing.C.Loud music stinulates the inner ear and generates the urge to dance.D.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintain balance. Passage TwoHave you switched off your computer? How about your television? Your video? Your CD player? And even your coffee percolator? Really switched them off, not just pressed the button on some control panel and left your machine with a telltale bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to life at your command?Because if you haven’t, you are one of the guilty people who are helping to pollute the planed. It doesn’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme, conscientiously sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work. You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little red lights is glowing in the dark.The awful truth is that household and office electrical appliances left on stand-by mode are gobbling up energy, even though they are doing absolutely nothing. Some electronic products ------such as CD players -------can use almost as much energy on stand-by as they do when running. Others may use a lot less, but as your video player spends far more hours on stand-by than playing anything, the wastage soon adds up.In the US alone, idle electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the energy needs of Chicago or London---costing consumers around $1 billion a year. Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.Thoughtless design is partly responsible for the waste. But manufacturers onlyget away with designing products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue. Indeed, while recycling has caught the public imagination, reducing waste has attracted much less attention.But “source reduction”, as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use, offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds. With a little intelligent shopping, you can cut waste long before you reach the end of the chain.Packaging remains the big villain. One of the hidden consequences of buying products grown or made all around the world, rather than produced locally, is the huge amount of packaging needed to transport them safety. In the US, a third of the solid waste collected from city homes is packaging. To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufactures the simplest trick is to to look for ultra-light packaging.The same arguments apply to the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives, thin-walled aluminum cans, and cartons made of composites that wrap up anything drinkable in an ultra-light package. There are hundreds of other tricks you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around the proverbial water cooler--- filling up, naturally, your own mug rather than a disposable plastic cup. But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped Christmas presents. There are limits to source correctness.66.From the first two paragraphs, the author implies that____A. hitech has made life easy everywhereB. B .nobody seems to be innocent in polluting the planetC. C. recycling can potentially control environmental deterioration D. Everybody is joining the global battle against pollution in one way or another.67. The waste caused by household and office electrical appliances on stand-by mode seems to ___.A. be a long-standing indoor problemB. cause nothing but troubleC. get exaggeratedD. go unnoticed68. By idle electronic devices, the author means those appliances___A. left on stand-by modeB. filling the atmosphere with carbon dioxideC. used by those who are not energy consciousD. used by those whose words speak louder than actions69. Ultra-light packaging________.A. is expected to reduce American waste by one-third.B, is an illustration of what is called “source reduction”C. can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligentD. is a villain of what the garbage experts call “source reduction”70. The conclusion the author is trying to draw is that__________.A. One person cannot win the battle against pollutionB. anybody can pick up tricks of environmental protection on the webC. nobody can be absolutely right in all the tricks of environmental protectionD. anybody can present or learn a trick of cutting down what is not needed.71.Schallert issued a warning to those who__________.A.believe in the possibility of rewiring the brainB are ignorant of physiotherapy in the clinicC.add exercise to partially paralyzed limbsD.are on the verge of a stroke72.which of the following is Schallert’s hypothesis for his investigation?A.Earlier intervention should lead to even more dramatic improvements.B.The critical period for brain damage is one week after injuryC.A partially paralyzed limb can cause brain damagesD.physiotherapy is the key to brain recovery73. The results from Schallert’s research________.A.reinforced the significance of physiotherapy after a strokeB.indicated the fault with his experiment designC.turned out the oppositeDverified his hypothesis74.The results made Schallert’s team aware of the fact that_______.A.glutamate can have toxic effects on healthy nerve sellsB.exercise can boost the release of glutamateC.glutamate is a neurotransmitterD.all of the above75.Schallert would probably advise clinicians________.A.to administer drugs to block the effects of glutamate.B.to be watchful of the amount of exercise for stroke victimsC.to prescribe vigorous exercise to stroke victims one week after injuryD.to reconsider the significance of physiotherapy to brain damagePassage FourOur understanding of cities in anything more than casual terms usually starts with observations of their spatial form and structure at some point or cross-section in time. This is the easiest way to begin, for it is hard to assemble data on how cities change through time, and in any case, our perceptions often betray us into thinking of spatial structures as being resilient and long lasting. Even where physical change is very rapid, this only has an impact on us when we visit such places infrequently, after years away. Most of our urban theory, whether it emanates from the social sciences or engineering, is structured around the notion that spatial and spatial and social structures changes slowly, and are sufficiently inert for us to infer reasonable explanations from cross-sectional studies. In recent years, these assumptions have come to be challenged, and in previous editorials I have argued the needfor a more temporal emphasis to our theories and models, where the emphasis is no longer on equilibrium but on the intrinsic dynamics of urban change. Even these views, however, imply a conventional wisdom where the real focus of urban studies is on processes that lead to comparatively slow changes in urban organization, where the functions determining such change are very largely routine, accomplished over months or years, rather than any lesser cycle of time. There is a tacit assumption that longer term change subsumes routine change on a day-to day or hour-basis, which is seen as simply supporting the fixed spatial infrastructures that we perceive cities to be built around. Transportation modeling, for example, is fashioned from this standpoint in that routine trip-making behavior is the focus of study, its explanation being central to the notion that spatial structures are inert and long lasting.76.We, according to the passage, tend to observe cities.A.chronologicallyB.longitudinallyC. sporadicallyD. horizontally77. We think about a city as ______.A. a spatial eventB. a symbolical worldC. a social environmentD. an interrelated system78. Cross-sectional studies show that cities ________.A. are structured in three dimensionsB. are transformed rapidly in any aspectC. are resilient and long lasting through timeD. change slowly in spatial and social structures79. The author is drawing our attention to_______.A.the equilibrium of urban spatial structuresB. the intrinsic dynamics of urban changeC.the fixed spatial infrastructureD. all of the above80. The conventional notion, the author contends,_________.A. presents the inherent nature of a cityB.underlies the fixed spatial infrastructuresC.places an emphasis on lesser cycles of timeD. hinders the physical change of urban structurePassage FiveWhen it is sunny in June, my father gets in his first cutting of hay. He starts on the creek meadows, which are flat, sandy, and hot. They are his driest land. This year, vacationing from my medical practice, I returned to Vermont to help him with the haying.The heft of a bale(大捆)through my leather gloves is familiar: the tautness of the twine, the heave of the bale, the sweat rivers that run through the hay chaff on my arms. This work has the smell of sweet grass and breeze. I walk behind the chug and clack of baler, moving the bales into piles so my brothercan do the real work of picking them up later. As hot as the air is, my face is hotter. I am surprised at how soon I get tired. I take a break and sit in the shade, watching my father bale, trying not to think about how old he is, how the heat affects his heart, what might happen.This is not my usual work, of course. My usual work is to sit with patients and listen to them. Occasionally I touch them, and am glad that my hands are soft. I don’t think my patients would like farmer callouses and dirty hands on their tender spots. Reluctantly I feel for lumps in breasts and testicles, hidden swellings of organs and joints, and probe all the painful places in my patients’ lives. There are many. Perhaps I am too soft, could stand callouses of a different sort.I feel heavy after a day’s work, as if all my patients were inside me, letting me carry them, I don’t mean to. But where do I put their stories? The childhood beatings, ulcers from stress, incapacitating depression, fears, illness? These are not my experiences, yet I feel them and carry them with me. Try to find healthier meanings, I spent the week before vacation crying.The hay field is getting organized. Piles of three and four bales are scattered around the field. They will be easy to pick up. Dad climbs, tired and lame, from the tractor. I hand him a jar of ice water, and he looks with satisfaction on his job just done. I’ll stack a few more bales and maybe drive the truck for my brother. My father will have some appreciative customers this winter, as he sells his bales of hay.I’ve needed to feel this heaviness in my muscles, the heat on my face. I an taunted by the simplicity of this work, the purpose and results, the definite boundaries of the fields, the dimensions of the bales, for illness is not defined by the boundaries of bodies; it spills into families, homes, schools and my office, like hay tumbling over the edge of the cutter bar. I feel the rough stubble left in its wake. I need to remember the stories I’ve helped reshape, new meanings stacked against the despair of pain. I need to remember the smell of hay in June.81. Which of the following is NOT true according to the story?A. The muscular work in the field has an emotional impact on the narrator.B. The narrator gets tired easily working in the field.C. It is the first time for the narrator to do haying.D. The narrator is as physician.82. In retrospection, the narrator___________.A. feels guilty before his father and brotherB. defends his soft hands in a meaningful wayC. hates losing his muscular power before he knows itD. is shamed for the farmer callouses he does not possess83. As a physician, the narrator is ________.A. empathicB. arrogantC. callousD. fragile84. His associations punctuate___________.A. the similarities between medicine and agricultureB. the simplicity of muscular workC. the hardship of life every where D .the nature of medical practice85. The narrator would say that________.A. it can do physicians good to spend a vacation doing muscular workB. everything is interlinked and anything can be anythingC. he is a shame to his fatherD. his trip is worth it.Passage SixEveryone has seen it happen. A colleague who has been excited, involved, and productive slowly begins to pull back, lose energy and interest, and becomes a shadow or his or her former self. Or , a person who has been an beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism. What happened? How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there?Burnout is a chronic state of depleted energy, lack of commitment and involvement, and continual frustration, often accompanied at work by physical symptoms, disability claims and performance problem. Job burnout is a crisis of spirit, when work that was once exciting and meaningful becomes deadening .And organization‘s most valuable resource ------the energy, dedication and creativity of its employees----is often squandered by a climate that limits or frustrates the pool of talent and energy available.Milder forms of burnout are a problem at every level in every type of work. The burned—out manager comes to work, but he brings a shell rather than a person. He experiences little satisfaction, and feels uninvolved, detached, and uncommitted to his work and co-worker .While he may be effective by external standards, he works far below his own level of productivity. The people around him are deeply affected by his attitude and energy level, and the whole community begins to suffer.Burnout is a crisis of the spirit because people who burn out were once on fire. It’s especially scary some of the most talented. If they can’t maintain their fire, others ask.Who can? Are these people lost forever, or can the inner flame be rekindled? People often feel that burnout just comes upon them and that they are helpless victims of it. Actually, the evidence is growing that there were ways for individuals to safeguard and renew their spirit, and , more important, there are ways for organizations to change conditions that lead to burnout.The passage begins with_______.A. a personal transitionB.a contrast between two types of peopleC. a shift from conformity to individualityD.a mysterious physical and mental state87.Which of the following is related with the crisis of spirit?A.Emotional exhaustion.B.DepersonalizationC.Reduced personal accomplishment.D.All of the above.88. Job burnout is a crisis of spirit, which will result in_______.A.apersonal problemB.diminished productivityC.an economic crisis in a countyD. a failure to establish a pool of talent and energy89. Burnout can be________.A.fatalB.staticC.infectiousD.permanent90.Those who are burned-our, according to the passage, are potentially able________.A.to find a quick fixB.to restore what they have lostC.to be aware of their status quoD. to challenge their organization本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

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