2002医学博士英语真题及答案

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医学博士考试01-06试题加详解

2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。

2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】

2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[听力音频]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this part you will hear 15 short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what issaid. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question,you will have 12 seconds to read the four possible answers marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. When they will make up again.B. Why the woman doesn’t want to talk to Lucy.C. What happened to Lucy.D. Why they were close friends in the past.【答案】B【解析】女士讲到再也不想和露西讲话，男士想知道发生了什么，因为女士和露西曾经是好朋友。

医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

北京大学——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题

北京大学——英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part One: Structure and Written ExpressionDirection: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1 .The doctor's ____ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.A. agnosticismB. anticipationC. diagnosisD. prognosis2. It is ____ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of m his hearing will remain forever unspoken.A. uncommunicativelyB. acceptablyC. tacitlyD. taciturnly3. ____ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.A. A complimentB. An adulatoryC. FlatteryD. Praise4. Leaving for work m plenty of time to catch the train will ___worry about being late.A. rule offB. preventC. avoidD. obviate5. Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _____ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A. vociferouslyB. patrioticallyC. verboselyD. loquaciously6. People suffering from ____prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken m large public buildings and open fields.A, acrophobia B. agoraphobiaC. claustrophobiaD. xenophobia7. All normal human beings are ____ at least to a degree --they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.A. segregatedB. congregationalC, gregarious D. egregious8. He is ___ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.A. an inveterateB. an incorrigibleC. a chronicD. an unconscionable9. We listened dumb-struck, full of_____, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex-president of the compare.A. incredalityB. ingenuityC. ingenuousnessD. incredibility10. Too much ___ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.A. retrospectB. retrospectionC. perspicacityD. perspicuity11 .Hydrocarbons, ___ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.A. are given offB. give offC. they are given offD. given off12. He could hardly _____his temper when he saw the state of his office.A. hold inB. hold upC. hold offD. hold out13.The statesman was evidently ____by the journalist's questions and glared at him for a few seconds.A. put downB. put outC. put acrossD. put away14. ____ , it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.A, As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB. Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC. The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD. Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light15.____ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to thatof the collective?A. Were you usedB. Are you usedC. Did you useD. Do you used16.I would have gone to the lecture with you ____ I was so busy.A. except thatB. provided thatC. but thatD. only that17.The detective watched and saw the suspect _____ a hotel at the comer of the street.A. getting off the taxi and walking intoB. got off the taxi and walked intoC. get off the taxi and walk intoD. got off the taxi to walk into18. The child is ____ all the evidence for his opinion.A. not encouraged either to be critical or to examineB. encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC. either encouraged to be critical or to examineD. neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine19. To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children __ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.A. would have been expected to have consideredB. were expected to considerC. will be expected to have been consideredD. were expected to have considered20. Whenever work is being done, energy___ from one form into another.A. convertsB. convertedC. is convertedD. is being convertedPart Two : Reading ComprehensionI. Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the bestanswer to each question. Pat your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OnThe Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth( 1 ) A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British Cycling Championships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the Barcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carbon fibre.(2) Bicycles for amateurs have up to now nom made of steel aluminium or magnesium tubes welded together into the conventional "A-flame" shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit events on a custom-built ,carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than standard models .Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it does not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weakness of welds.(3) ,The new bike, which will cost between $2000 and $3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model. It weighs about 11 kilograms, a saving of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames .With no crossbar, it has a lower centre of gravity, making it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding, you throw the bike about form side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston,, director of British Eagle, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. "The low centre of gravity gives you better control."(4) The frames are being made in the US for British Eagle by SP systems in Camarillo, California, which has clients in the aerospace industry. "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by enthusiasts," says Eccleston. When professionals tested racing versions of the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal versions by up to 3 seconds per kilometre.(5) The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back wheel; instead, the frame's flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back wheel strut , allowing up to 5 centimetres of movement.(6) The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and smoother back-wheel suspension than conventional bikes.2l. The new bicycle exhibited at the National British Cycling Championships was radical because_____A. it was made from the gold medal-winning design of the Barcelona OlympicsB. it was the fast commercial mountain bikeC. its public showing last weekend aroused many people's curiosityD. it was made of one single piece of carbon fibre22. According to the context, "bicycles for amateurs" at the beginning of the second paragraph refers to bicycles_____A. that people buy only for riding in their daily lifeB that are bought by amateur cyclists who like cycling as an exerciseC. that are built for customers in generalD. that non-Olympic competitors use23. Which of the following statements is Not true ?A The new commercial bike has no crossbar and its centre of gravity is lower than the Olympic model.B. When the rider is doing some rough riding, the new bike's low cetnre of gravity gives him better control.C. The new bike is made by using aerospace technology and is quicker than the conventional bike by 3 seconds per kilometre.D. The new bike has no metal bar between the saddle and the back wheel, and the amount of carbon fibre used in the back wheel can be changed according to the user's taste.Passage TwoFree Advice Is Just Around the Corner(1) When Daniel Franklin, a political science professor from Atlanta, needed career advancement advice, he didn't turn to colleagues, therapists or even his mom.(2) He went to the Advice Ladies.(3) Three thirty something New York women, advertising freelancers by day, have turned themselves into Saturday afternoon street-comer oracles, they pull up lawn chairs and a table on a lower Manhattan street comer and dish out free advice to passersby. They've claimed the comer of West Broadway and Broome Street in Soho as their own for the last several months.(4) Amy Alkon, who, with longtime friends Marlowe Minnick and Carolyn Johnson, becomes a part-time shrink each weekend. "We use creative problem-solving to turn problem into fun," she says.(5) On a recent steamy afternoon, a line has formed in front of the Advice Ladies' table. Obviously, New Yorkers need plenty of help. "People feel they have no control in this crazy world. And therapy can take years," Minnick says. "We solve problems instantly, it's instant answer gratification'(6) The three brainstorm before delivering advice on everything from pet discipline, closet-space management, even hair care. But no legal advice. "By far, most of our questions are love-related . It's amazing the intimate sexual problems that people will divulge to a total stranger," Alkon says.(7) But they won't be strangers much longer. The Advice Ladies are putting together a book deal. And Robert De Niro is crewing a talk show around them, due nationally this fall from his Tribeca Picutres.(8) "De Niro asked us for advice, but we think he's already perfect," purrs Alkon.(9) And their career advice to Franklin? "He's written a book, so we told him to get a manager and go on the touring circuit. It's great money and great publicity for the book"(10) "Good advice," says Franklin.24. There were_____A. about 30 New York women who offered free advice by dayB. three women freelancers about 30 years old who offered advertising advice on SaturdayC. about 30 women advertising freelancers offered advice every Saturday afternoonin New yorkD. three women about 30 years old, who did advertising as a job, offered free advice every Saturday afternoon25. These advisors____A changed the New York street comers into oraclesB. used the New York street comers as their advice officeC. sat at a street comer to give people free adviceD. made a street comer their place to predict the future to passersby26. New Yorkers came to the Advice Ladies because____A. the ladies' advice was quick and effective to solve problemsB. New Yorkers felt it was difficult to live in this crazy worldC Medical therapy could net solve people's problemsD. New York was a crazy place and its inhabitants need plenty of help27. In the seventh paragraph we read that the Advice Ladies won't be strangers for long because____A. they are dealing with a book together and a TV man is writing a talk show about themB. they are going to sell a book about themselves and also appear on a TV showC. they will buy a book through a deal and appear in a film in the coming fall seasonD. they will get to know each other better by working on a book and appearing in a TV show togetherPassage ThreeThe American Presidential Gala of 1993(1) Mixing populism and celebrity, Clinton dances into office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.(2) The Party was held m a way never seen since World War II. Many movie and music stars showed up, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs like "You know, Bill's gonna get this Country straight" '93! You and me! U-ni-tee!/Time to partee with Big Bill and Hillaree."(3) The stars came out in constellation because they recognized in Clinton one of their own. Not just that he plays the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough lawyer, like most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Clinton is a beacon of middle-class charm, a lover of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And he is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols directly to the people on TV, without the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes far a wondrous '90s blend of show biz and politic.(4) "This is our time," Clinton said in his Inaugural Address." Let us embrace it." Last week he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huggy-bear President needs to feel the public's approval.(5) At one of the balls of the week, Clinton was like the college student who drops in the night before the exam to show he's one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram. Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the charm, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of liberal dreams). He will need to be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, "the gap between our words and our deeds."(6) During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: "We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our courntry." Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mouthed the words as Olmos spoke them. Clinton must have realized that, in a different sense and different era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Hollywood stardust and facing facts.(7) In 1992 Clinton vended optimism; now he must be careful in saying so. He sold the nation a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it doesn't get the stains out, the electorate's high hopes could sour into despair. Then the man called Hope will become the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.28. The meaning of "Clinton dances into his office, with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs" in the first paragraph is:A. Clinton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guestsB. Clinton went into his office followed by rich film stars and musicians who wanted to be hugged by the presidentC. Clinton started his term of president's work with a week-long gala of celebrities and music to celebrate the eventD. Clinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and music to please the film stars and important people29. By saying "Bill's gonna get this Country straight", the party attendants believe that____A. Money bills are important in getting things done for the United StatesB. The president has got to do a wonderful job to save AmericaC. Clinton will change the United States to a free countryD. Clinton is going to solve the problems of the United States30. Which of the following statements is True?A. At one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then left in a quiet way to do his work.B. Clinton was certainly a combination of both Nixon and Kennedy.C. Clinton said at the Party that he was going to close his mouth and work harder.D. When Olmos quoted Lincoln, Clinton repeated the words as Olmos spoke them.II. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered an d underlined parts . (15%)Medical consumerism--like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly--is designed to be unsatisfying. (31) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty. youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating, The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy.(32)grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and polities turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future tamed into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources--not least medical ones, like illegal steroids--are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism--the "abolition" of death--would net be a solution but only an exacerbation. (33) To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen--a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories--but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals,(34) Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic, From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to mintage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving m disorientation, (35) Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.Part Three: Cloze TestDirection: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage Put your answers in the ANSWERSHEET. (10%)For______(36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain ______(37): a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the retable consequences of war stopped ______ (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat _______ (39) to be repeated.There will never be ____ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have __(41), Ali-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out _____ (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massivebuildup' of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at _____ (43). And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for 'Dusseldorf.” In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth ____ (44) American cities to avenge a Europe already _____ (45) to rubble.Part Four: ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part. of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. lf you change a word, cross it out with a slash(\) and write the correct word. lf you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in bracket3) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\), Put your ,answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:eg. 1 (46) The meeting begun 2 hours agoCorrection in the ANSWER SHEET: (46) begun beganeg.2 (47) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (47) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (48) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (48) not(46) A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer because, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month. (47) Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd, 64, the president of Central Connecticut State University. made the driver, Peter Baba 24. of Plainville. pull on Jan, 23.the state police said. (48) He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.(49) Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from I993 to 1995. (50) But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (51) The gold badge was mere a university award. (52) The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.(53) Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. Mcouillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain." (54) "My experience and instinct as an E.M.T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter," Mr. Judd said in the statement. (55) "In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."Part Five: WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topicgiven below: (15%)Topic: Write m 250-300 words about China’s auto industry.。

历年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题

2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题patr II vocabulary31.An enormous number of people in the world’s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation____A. capacitiesB. facilitiesC. authoritiesD. warranties32.Family-planing clinics give out ___advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.A..insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptivemunicative33.Caffeine is the ___drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend34.Today investigators are still far from ___ a master map of the vasculature of the heart.A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding35.I have never seen a more caring, ___ group of piople in my life.A.emotionalB.impersonalpulsorypassionate36.By the time I reached my residency, I ___ treated the patient as a whole human being.A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for37.We now obtain more than two-thirds protein from animal resources, while our grandparents ___only one-half from animal resources.A.originatedB.digestedC.deprivedD.derived38.Obesity carries an increased risk of ____.A.mortalityB. mobilityC.longevityD.maternity39.The best exercise should require continuous ___ , rather than frequent stops and starts.passionB.accelerationC.frustrationD.exertion40.Environmental officials insist that something be done to ___ acid rain.A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn41.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland .A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about42.To begin with ,it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce45.Through live television电视实况转播, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country’seconomic problems.A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant47.I don’t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced48.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.A.formulationsB.standardsC.principlesnD.notions49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.A.regainB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying50.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map.A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.posepart III close (10%)You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily 51 may change: you find yourself52 and active at night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working .You stay in your room and have little contact with people53 with those who speak your language .In your mind, you criticize the piople around you ----they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed,concerned with insignificant things, 54stupid; you complain about them to any friends you have. You became55 when you can’t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you realy like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between life here and the perfect life56 home.Above all, you are homesick almost all the time.If you ever find yourself behaving in ways 57 these, you are brobably suffering culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological 58 that sometimes has physical effects.It affects piople who have moved away from an invironment where they know how to live 59 a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them---the food, the weather, the language, and especially the 60 rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of .51.A. way B.pattern C. method D.track52.A.sleepy B.happy C.awake D.sad53.A.for B.lest C.besides D.except54.A.even B.merely C.indeed D.rather55.A.offended B.uninterested C.frustrated D.isolated56.A.here B.there C.back D.away57.A.the same as B.different from C. similar to D.familiar with58.A.situation B.condition C.reflection D.position59.A.in B.at C.within D.into60.A.unwritten B.written C.spoken D.secretepassage oneScience is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly , probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction.However,where would we be today, whithout science? Without the great minds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to writer this essay on the computer ,if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year snd still be around today? Or dogs be the masters of humans? Would we be still the dominant species on the Earth?So many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99.99% fat free, that video game company to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly , and that car company to alter the headlights of the car and call it the “new” 98 car.where would we be whithout science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and doctors to make us the way we want to be.We depend on them to make us “prettier”,to perform triple bypass, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science.Science, in a way , keeps our society from falling apart. In our society science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need science progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science , they think of it as a laboratory ,white coats, and mixing all different-colored chemicals untill something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.61.The author’s probable answer to the question where we would be today, without science is___A.it hard to imagineB.we would nowhere to findC.let’s see what happensD.not every question has an answer in the world62.From the cookie to the car,the author is trying to tell us that science____A.would be nowhere without humansB.is picking up its developing paceC.raise so many present problemsD.is shaping our world63.The author impies that science____A.is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in our societyB.does not involve every professionC.needs us as much as we need itD.is benefiting everyone64.The author seems to draw a conclusion that science____A.does rather than it isB.is ubiquitous in our lifeC.does not exist in a laboratoryD.is not appreciated in the publix65.The author is most probably___A.a studentB.a socialistC.a professor of scienceD.a free-lance writer of sciencepassage 2Osteoporosis used to be called “the silent disease’’because its victims didn’t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether.For post-menopausal woman, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture.Unfortunately ,it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the of breast cancer.To passby such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs) emulate estrogen with slight modifications.Another drug ,alendronate reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs ,however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them.The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated.Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone stength by as much as 20 percent.Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is Vitamin D , which aides calcium absorbtion. Vitamin D comes from sunlingt, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don’t get outside.The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that body puts on it.These are the simple steps that can help make “the silent disease”truly silent.66.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis____ed to effective in post-manopausal womanB.is most frequently priscribed by doctorsC.works perfectly on post-manopausal womenD.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects.67.The best treatment for osteoporosis , according to the passage.___A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB.is chosen by the patientC.possesses no side effectsD.is of individuality68.To preventing osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted____A.as early as childhoodB.when one is in his twentiesC.after bone mass accumulate stopsD.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed.69.By making “the silent disease” truly silent, the author means that the actionssuggested____A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB.can help eradicate osteoporosisC.can help prevent osteoporosisD.all of the above.70.The author of this passage focuses on the____of osteoporosisA.alternative treatmentsB.early diagnosisC.treatments and preventionD.resulting damagespassage 3If you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for a shelter than walk, reaserchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet as walking.In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wetest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved. But the Reading team found that the benefits of running faster than about 3 meters per second—which they described as a walking pace---were tiny.Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis ,meteorologists at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, had a hunch that this was wrong.They realized that the Reading team had overestimated the average walking pace, so they reworked the calculations for a walking pace of 1.5metres per second and a running speed of 4 meters second.Peterson and Wallis conclude in the latest issue of weather that a walker would get 16 per cent wetter than a runner over a distance of 100 metres in drizzle. In heavy rain ,this would rise to 23 per cent.When the reseachers allowed for the way that runners tend to lean forward, sheltering the front of their bodies but increasing the rainfall on their backs, they found that a walker would get 36per cent wetter than a runner in heavy rain.Not content with theory alone, Peterson and Wallis decided to test their ideas. “If verification requires an ＄80million satellite, one may have to forgo verification,”says Peterson . “But if it involves a simple experiment, that’s another matter.” Peterson and Wallis are roughly the same size, Wearing identical clothing, one ran 100 metres in heavy rain and the other walked.They weighed their clothes before and after the experiment. This showed that the walker had absorbed 0.22kgs of water,while the runner had soaked up only 0.13 kgs. This is about 40 per cent less ,in line with the model’s predictions.Belcher says that his team’s work was a bit of fun, and that apart from the confusion over what a typical walking speed is ,their results were similar to those of Peterson and Wallis. “I’m delighted to see that their experiments gave results in qualitative agreement with the model,” says Belcher.But why not just take an umbrells? For anyone thinking of taking the easy way out, Wallis has a warning: “Running with an umbrella has a negative impact on your aerodynamics”71.The reading team and the American meteorologists presented different results ininvestigating___A.how far people can run per second in a downpourB.the benefits of running for shelter in a downpourC.whether people can run fast in a downpourD.the average walking pace in a downpour72.According to the American researchers, the Reading team made an error in calculating___A.the average walking paceB.the amount of rainfallC.the time and distanceD.the running speed73.Which of the following, according to the American researchers, gets the least wet?A.Running in drizzleB.walking in drizzleC.Running in heavy rainD.walking in heavy rain74.They verified their model predictions by experimenting___A.on themselvesB.with satelliteC.on the twins of the same sizeD.with sophisticated calculating devices75.The simila results ,according to Belcher ,refer to___A.the amount of rain water absorbedB.the average running speedC.the average walking paceD.all of the abovepassage 4Englisher speakers pick up pitch in the right hemisphere of their brains, but speakers of certain other languages perceive it on the left as well.It all depends on what you want to learn from pitch, Donald Wong of the Indians School of Medicine in Indianapolis told the meeting last week.Earlier studies have shown that when an English speaker hears pitch changes, the right prefrontal cortex leaps into action. This fits in with the idea that emotive nuances of language---which in English are often carried by the rise and fall of the voice----are perceived on the right.But in “tonal” languages like Thai, Mandarin and Swedish, Pitch not only carries emotional information,but can also alter the meaning of a word .Wong and his colleagues suspected that a speaker of tonal language would register pitch in the left side of the brain---in particular Broca’s area ,which processes the linguistic content of language.To test this , the team asked English speakers and Thai speakers to listen 80 pairs of Thai words, and tracked the blood flow in their brains using positron emission tomography.The volunteers had to decide whether the two words sounded the same, either by consonant or by tone ,In some cases, the words had on intelligible meaning.None of the words was emotionally charged, so even when Thai speakers could understand them, there was no right-side activation.But sure enough the Thai speakers could consistently lit up the left sid e of the brain, especially Broca’s area, while the English speakers did not.The researchers are now planing to repeat the experiment with Thai speakers using whole sentences, complete with emotional information. “Both hemispheres will be engaged,” pred ict Wong.76.The reason why pitch is registered on the right hemisphere, according to the passage, is that __A.belongs to the English language exclusivelyB.is an emotive nuance of language nuance n.细微差别C.can be easily heardD.is a regular sound77.When the emotion-free words were heard in the test____A.were registered on the English speakers’ right hemisphereB.slowed down the blood flow in the volunteers’ brainsC.activated the Thai speaker’s left hemispheresD.sounded the exactly the same to the volunteers78.A tonal language____A.possess no pitchB.carries pitch with dual functions双重职能C.is superior to the English languageD.holds more linguestic content than English.79.In Wong’s future expetiment ,the volunteers____A.will use either their right or left hemispheresB.will use both English and a tonal languageC.will listen to emotionally-charged sentencesD.will listen to more pairs of emotionally-charged words80.What is the passage mainly about?A.Two hemisphere to the sound of speechB.Two functions of pitch in languageC. Two hemisphere of the human braimD.Two languages and two hemispheresPassage 5We are all members of a culture. How we interpret the reality around us ,what we consider to be reasonable statements and behavior ,and what we believe to be health and illness all stem from the culture we share with some people and not with others. Those whose cultural experiences differ from our own will also differ in their belief and interpretions of reality.We are all rooted in an ethnic group as well, even if this group is simply the so-called “majority” of white, middle cla ss, protestant heritage .The degree to which we identify with an ethnic past will vary according to the strength with which family tradition has maintained that identity,and to the degree that the family chooses to assimilate into the larger society. The e xtent of an individual’s or a family’s identification with an ethnic heritage is as important as the specific features of that heritage.American society is ethnically and culturally diverse, and community healthnurse will find themselves practicing in communities that reflect this diversity.A particular family or a whole community may belong to an ethnic or cultural group very different from the nurse’s own. Those community nurses who are most sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviors will be most effective in promoting their wellness.Community health nurses can achieve this sensitivity by examining their own culture in order to understand how it colors their world view and their interactions with individuals, families, and communities.Recognizing the clients individuals as well as members of a larger culture, nurses will reje ct stereotypical views of clients’ ethnic groups that can impede communication and diminish their effectiveness. Indeed, culture mediates all social encounters, including those between nurse and client ,and its study can enhance the effectiveness of health care services.81．We live in the social enviroment ___A.without different cultural experiencesB.of the same behavior and beliefC.with a shared cultureD.of the same race82．The author is mainly talking about in the second paragraph___A.assimilation into a large societyB.identification with an ethnic heritageC.the conflict between identification and assimilationD.the contradiction between an ethnic group and the majority83．According to the passage, a nurse cannot function well in a community___A.that reflects ethical and cultural diversityB.without asimilating into its ethnic heritageC.that is sensitive to his /her beliefs and behaviorsD.without recognizing its ethnical and cultural diversity84．Community health nurses are supposed to ____A.be sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviorsB.abandon the stereotypical views of clients’ groupsC.examine their own cultureD. all of the above85．Which of the following can best summarize the general idea of the passage?A.identification with and assimilation into ethnic groupsB.Novel and stereotypical views of ethnic groupsmunicatio and communityD.culture and health care.passage 6I’m in the unusual position of being both a computer scientist and a professional musician. On the computer side, I’m best known for my work virtual reality, a term I coined in the early 1980’s , As a musician I write, perform,and record my own work. Canons for Wroclaw, a concerto I created for virtual instruments, was performed last December by the Chamber Wrchestra of Wroclaw ,Poland.All of this means that I have a few deeply felt ideas about Napster, the free software millions of people use to share their music collections over the Internet. Big media companies see Napster as theft because they can’t collect royalties when people use it. So they have asked the courts to kill it. As I write this , a settlement seems to be emerging. Napster will probably begin to charge for its services and pay royalties to at least some record companies.Whatever happens, the legal decisions surrounding Napster are important for resons that transcend the music business and extend to our basic concepts of what it means to be free in a democracy. I believe the anti-Napster forces have failed to foresee dangerous implications of their course of action. They don’t understand what I call the Law of the Exclude Digital Middle:Digital tools can be either open or closed but resist being anything in between .An open digital tool is one that can be used in unforeseen ways. A tool like e-mail ,meant to send text, might also---surprisingly ---be used to send music.A closed tool is one in which there are technical resteictions that prevent unforeseen uses. The advantage of open tools is that more people can create new things with them;consequently,they tend to be more innovative.Closed tools are usually created because it is thought they will be more profitable: An owner can control them well enough to enforce bill collection. Of course, the open software movement energetically promotes the idea that innovation ends up generating more money than control does.86．The Napster issue___A.is one concerning copyright infringement of violationB.is a dispute bewteen music companies and the coutC.has been settled in favor of music loversD.will result in a boom of sales for music companies87．The designer of an open digital tool hardly knows___A.the risks it may encunterB.the potential ways of its usageC.the number of its usersD.the amounts of its net profit88．People who use closed digital tools end up____A.making huge profitsB.creating new techniquesC.paying for servicesD.facing legal punishment89．It implied that owners of digital tools will make more profits by___A.encouraging innovationsB.proteching copyrightsC.control costsD.charging customers90．The attitude of the auther towards the anti-Napster action is ___A.supportiveB.ambiguousC.indifferentD.negative2002FATMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A 60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C 70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C 80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone inEnglish.A.frustratedB.depressedC.approvedD.distracted32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmittedC.attributedD.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine againstpolio.A.accomplishmentB.qualificationC.eminenceD.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedD.accustomed36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulationB.under considerationC.on handD.at stake37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesomeB.dietC.tastefulD.edible38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown upB.piled upC.put onD.taken on39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegibleD.irrational40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denotingB.donatingC.relatingD.resorting41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate.A.appallingB.appealingC.alertD.abnormal42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.A.purifiedB.multipliedC.taintedD.blended43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.A.libertyB.democracyC.vatietyD.origin44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twenty years.A.resentmentB.consensusC.notionD.dispute45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year.A.retrievingB.sprawlingC.consumingD.withdrawing46.The war’s impact on the population of the country was cat ast rophic.A.influentialB.dis ast rousC.apparentD.criticala47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.A.bitterB.irritantC.effectiveD.powerful48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanentB.residualC.irreversibleD.fleeting49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.plainB. give rise toC.originate inD.dominate over50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.A.formB.correctC.modifyD.improvePart III Cloze(10%)There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’shouse , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks. 59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off B.pay up C.pay for D.pay out52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit mission55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless57.A.came B.pull C.headed D.pushed58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made forPart IV(30%)Passage 1In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing., wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminablywithout them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio , measles,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of认识到this or not.61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____A.would not survive without science。

Tnxnqa医学博士英语2003考博英语试题(2021年整理精品文档)

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Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty，anything to escape his sickle sweep.-— Shakespeare 2003part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someonein English。

A。

frustrated失败的，落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D。

distracted 心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A。

promisedB。

committed commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth。

to认为某事物是..。

的属性；把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人）创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan。

2002年医学博士外语真题试卷_真题无答案

2002年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分206, 做题时间90分钟)1.Section ASSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A When they will make up again.B Why the woman doesn" t want to talk to Lucy.C What happened to Lucy.D Why they were close friends in the past.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A She shouldn"t take it too seriously.B She should have regular massage.C She should exercise more and work less.D She should exercise her neck and have physical treatment.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A She convinced the man to take medicine as his major.B She asked the man to give a talk on medicine.C She persuaded the man not to take medicine as his major.D She gave a talk on medicine.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A Go to see an ophthalmologist.B Go to see a pediatrician.C Go to see an intern.D Go to see a neurosurgeon.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A She doesn" t know Mary well.B Nancy is the best nurse.C Linda knows Mary.D Nancy is not as good as Linda.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A $15.B $56.C 30D 60SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.A In a waiting room.B In a doctor" s office.C In a ward.D In an elevator.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A She is on the wrong floor.B She does not know any nurse.C She cannot find the immunization area.D She received an immunization too late.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.A Three years ago.B This year.C Last year.D In December.SSS_SINGLE_SEL10.A It"s raining.B She doesn"t like playing tennis.C She doesn"t want to get sunburned.D It" s not a holiday.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.A To do whatever **mittee asks him to do.B To make decisions in agreement with **mittee.C To run **mittee according to his own ideas.D To appoint **mittee chairman himself.SSS_SINGLE_SEL12.A She is absent-minded.B She is hostile.C She is aggressive.D She is controlling.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.A She doesn" t enjoy the film.B The film is hard to understand.C She saw the film from beginning to the end.D She saw only the lastpart of the film.SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.A Courageous.B Lazy.C Curious.D Cowardly.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.A She" s looking for her raincoat.B She" s soaking her clothes.C She wants to close the window.D She got caught in the rain.2.Section BSSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A The person loses all self-worth.B The person possesses no spirit.C The person cannot function as a part of a whole.D All of the above.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A By working for an organization.B By wearing uniforms.C By being different.D By driving the same car.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A To complain **munication and restaurants.B To criticize government interference in people" s lives.C To illustrate the impossibility of wearing uniforms.D To predict the future fashions.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A Fashion industry.B The image of an organization.C Advertising industry.D Entertainment industry.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A Individuality.B Wholeness.C Qualification.D Uniformity.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A In the main lab.B At a computer terminal.C In a small lab.D Before the bulletin board.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.A To discipline the students who have broken the rules.B To explain why there are not **puters.C To warn the students about the problems with the lab.D To explain the rules of the lab to the students.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A They are larger.B They do not have strict rules.C They give privileges to departmental majors.D They are easier to use.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.A No talking is allowed.B Identification cards must be displayed.C Food and drinks are not allowed.D Computer science majors have priority.SSS_SINGLE_SEL10.A The assistants must know their names.B They tell what their majors are.C Too many non-students use the lab.D **puters require them to operate.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.A Part of a medical textbook.B A medical journal.C Some microscope slides.D The speaker"s current research.SSS_SINGLE_SEL12.A Reproducing themselves.B Stretching and growing.C Attaching themselves to muscles.D Carrying messages.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.A Elongated and stringy.B Round **pact.C Flat and transparent.D Flexible and chainlike.SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.A One.B Two.C Three.D Four.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.A Sensory nerve cells.B Motor nerve cells.C Connecting nerve cells.D All of the above.3.Section A1.An enormous number of people in the world" s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA capacitiesB facilitiesC authoritiesD warranties2.Family-planning clinics give out______ advice to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.SSS_SINGLE_SELA insensitiveB interrogativeC contraceptiveD communicative3.Caffeine is the______drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.SSS_SINGLE_SELA miracleB mythC trickD legend4.Today investigators are still far from______a master map of the vasculature of the heart.SSS_SINGLE_SELA constitutingB decodingC draftingD encoding5.I have never seen a more caring, ______group of people in my life.SSS_SINGLE_SELA emotionalB impersonalC compulsoryD compassionate6.By the time I reached my residency, I______treating the patient as a whole human being.SSS_SINGLE_SELA yearned forB broke intoC pass forD made for7.We now obtain more than two-thirds of our protein from animal sources, while our grandparents ______only one-half from animal sources.SSS_SINGLE_SELA originatedB digestedC deprivedD derived8.Obesity carries an increased risk of______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA mortalityB mobilityC longevityD maternity9.The best exercise should require continuous______, rather than frequent stops and starts.SSS_SINGLE_SELA compassionB accelerationC frustrationD exertion10.Environmental officials insist that something be done to______acid rain.SSS_SINGLE_SELA curbB sueC detoxifyD condemn4.Section B1.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland.SSS_SINGLE_SELA take inB make upC cut downD bring about2.To begin with, it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.SSS_SINGLE_SELA explainB opposeC representD propose3.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.SSS_SINGLE_SELA applicableB favorableC sensitiveD reasonable4.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.SSS_SINGLE_SELA observeB appraiseC appreciateD induce5.Through live television, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.SSS_SINGLE_SELA reserveB confirmC perceiveD transmit6.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country" s economic problems.SSS_SINGLE_SELA indefiniteB indispensableC infiniteD insignificant7.I don"t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.SSS_SINGLE_SELA omittedB fabricatedC pinpointedD embraced8.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.SSS_SINGLE_SELA formulationsB standardsC principlesD notions9.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.SSS_SINGLE_SELA regainingB relievingC reversingD rectifying10.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the cases on a map.SSS_SINGLE_SELA markB allocateC eraseD pose5. PartⅢ ClozeYou feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your【C1】______of daily activity may change; you find yourself【C2】______and active in the middle of the night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working. You stay in your room and have little contact with people【C3】______with those who speak your language. In your mind, you criticize the people around you—they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed, concerned with insignificant things,【C4】______stupid; **plain a-bout them to any friends you have. You become 【C5】______when you can" t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you really like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S. news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly **parison between life here and the perfect life【C6】______home. Above all, you are homesick almost all the time. If you ever find yourself behaving in ways【C7】______these, you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological【C8】______that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live【C9】______a new environment where much isunfamiliar to them—the food, the weather, the language, and especially the【C10】______rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【C1】A wayB patternC methodD trackSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.【C2】A sleepyB happyC awakeD sadSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.【C3】A forB lestC besidesD exceptSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.【C4】A evenB merelyC indeedD ratherSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.【C5】A offendedB uninterestedC frustratedD isolatedSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.【C6】A hereB thereC backD awaySSS_SINGLE_SEL7.【C7】A the same asB different fromC similar toD familiar withSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.【C8】A situationB conditionC reflectionD positionSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.【C9】A inB atC withinD intoSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.【C10】A unwrittenB writtenC spokenD secrete6. PartⅣ Reading ComprehensionScience is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly, probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction. However, where would we be today, without science? Without the great minds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to write this essay on **puter, if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year and still be around today? Or would dogs be the masters of humans? Would we still be the dominant species on the Earth? So many questions arisebecause the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99. 99% fat free, that video **pany to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly, and that **pany to alter the headlights of the car and call it the "new" 98 car. Where would we be without science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and our doctors to make us the way we want ourselves to be. We depend on them to make us "prettier," to perform triple bypasses, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science. Science, in a way, keeps our society from falling apart. In our society, science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need scientific progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science, they think of it as a laboratory, white coats, and mixingall different-colored chemicals until something blows up. But thefact is that science is a way of life and our future.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The author" s probable answer to the question where would we be today, without science is______.A it is hard to imagineB we would be nowhere to findC let" s see what happensD not every question has an answer in the worldSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.From the cookie to the car, the author is trying to tell us that science______.A would be nowhere without humansB is picking up its developing paceC raises so many present problemsD is shaping our worldSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.The author implies that science______.A is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in oursocietyB does not involve every professionC needs us as much as we need itD is benefiting everyoneSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.The author seems to draw a conclusion that science______.A does rather than it isB is ubiquitous in our lifeC does not exist in a laboratoryD is not appreciated in the publicSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The author is most probably______.A a studentB a sociologistC a professor of scienceD a free-lance writer of scienceOsteoporosis used to be called "the silent disease" because its victims didn" t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether. For post-menopausal women, the **mon medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture. Unfortunately, it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the risk of breast cancer. To bypass such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs)emulate estrogen with slight modifications. Another drug, alendronate, reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs, however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them. The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best time to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated. Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone strength by as much as 20 percent. Calcium, which isavailable in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is vitamin D, which aides calcium absorption. Vitamin D comes from sunlight, but dietarysupplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don" t get outside. The **ponent is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that the body puts on it. These are the simple steps that can help make "the silent disease" truly silent.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis______.A used to be effective in post-menopausal womenB is most frequently prescribed by doctorsC works perfectly on post-menopausal womenD is most likely to be avoided for its side effectsSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.The best treatment for osteoporosis, according to the passage,______.A is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB is chosen by the patientC possesses no side effectsD is of individualitySSS_SINGLE_SEL8.To prevent osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted______.A as early as in childhoodB when one is in his twentiesC after bone mass accumulation stopsD as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosedSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.By making "the silent disease" truly silent, the author means that the actions suggested______.A can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB can help eradicate osteoporosisC can help prevent osteoporosisD all of the aboveSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.The author of this passage focuses on the______of osteoporosis.A alternative treatmentB early diagnosisC treatment and preventionD resulting damagesIf you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for shelter than walk, researchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet running as walking. In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wettest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved. But the Reading team found that thebenefits of running faster than about 3 metres per second—which they described as a walking pace—were tiny. Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis, meteorologists at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, had a hunch that this was wrong. They realized that the Reading team had overestimated the average walking pace, so they reworked the calculations for a walking pace of 1.5 metres per second and a running speed of 4 meters per second. Peterson and Wallis conclude in the latest issue of Weather that a walker would get 16 per cent wetter than a runner over a distance of 100 meters in drizzle. In heavy rain, this would rise to 23 per cent. When the researchers allowed for the way that runners tend to lean forward, sheltering the front of their bodies but increasing the rainfall on their backs, they found that a walker would get 36 per cent wetter than a runner in heavy rain. Not content with theory alone, Peterson and Wallis decided to test their ideas. " If verification requires an $ 80 million satellite, one may have to forgo verification, " says Peterson. "But if it involves a simple experiment, that" s another matter. " Peterson and Wallis are roughly the same size. Wearing identical clothing, one ran 100 meters in heavy rain and the other walked. They weighed their clothes before and after the experiment. This showed that the walker bad absorbed 0.22 kilograms of water, while the runner had soaked up only 0. 13 kilograms. This is about 40 per cent less, is line with the model" s predictions. Belcher says that his team" s work was a bit of fun, and that apart from the confusion over what a typical walking speed is, their results were similar to those of Peterson and Wallis. "I"m delighted to see that their experiments gave results in qualitative agreement with the model," says Belcher. But why not just take an umbrella? For anyone thinking of taking the easy way out, Wallis has a warning: "Running with an umbrella has a negative impact on your aerodynamics. "SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.The Reading team and the American meteorologists presented different results in investigating______.A how far people can run per second in a downpourB the benefits of running for shelter in a downpourC whether people can run fast in a downpourD the average walking pace in a downpourSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.According to the American researchers, the Reading team made an error in calculating______.A the average walking paceB the amount of the rainfallC the time and distanceD the running speedSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.Which of the following, according to the American researchers, gets the least wet?A Running in drizzle.B Walking in drizzle.C Running in heavy rain.D Walking in heavy rain.SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.They verified their model predictions by experimenting______.A on themselvesB with a satelliteC on the twins of the same sizeD with sophisticated calculating devicesSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.The similar results, according to Belcher, refer to______.A the amount of rain water absorbedB the average running speedC the average walking paceD all of the aboveEnglish speakers pick up pitch in the right hemispheres of their brains, but speakers of certain other languages perceive it on the left as well. It all depends on what you want to learn from pitch, Donald Wong of the Indiana School of Medicine in Indianapolis told the meeting last week. Earlier studies have shown that when an English speaker hears pitch changes, the right prefrontal cortex leaps into action. This fits in with the idea that emotive nuances of language—which in English are often carried by the rise and fail of the voice—are perceived on the right. But in "tonal" languages like Thai, Mandarin and Swedish, pitch not only carries emotional information, but can also alter the meaning of a word. Wong and his colleagues suspected that a speaker of tonal language would register pitch in the left side of the brain—in particular Broca" s area, which processes the linguistic content of language. To test this, the team asked English speakers and Thai speakers to listen to 80 pairs of Thai words, and tracked the blood flow in their brains using positron emission tomography. The volunteers had to decide whether the two words sounded the same, either by consonant or by tone. In some eases, the words had no intelligible meaning. None of the words was emotionally charged, so even when Thai speakers could understand them, there was no right-side activation. But sure enough the Thai speakers consistently lit up the left side of the brain, especially Broca" s area, while the English speakers did not. The researchers are now planning to repeat the experiment with Thai speakers using whole sentences , complete with emotional information. " Both hemispheres will be engaged, " predicts Wong.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.The reason why pitch is registered on the right hemisphere, according to the passage, is that itA belongs to the English language exclusivelyB is an emotive nuance of languageC can be easily heardD is a regular soundSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.When the emotion-free words were heard in the test, they______.A were registered on the English speakers" right hemispheresB slowed down the blood flow in the volunteers" brainsC activated the Thai speakers" left hemispheresD sounded exactly the same to the volunteersSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.A tonal language______.A possesses no pitchB carries pitch with dual functionsC is superior to the English languageD holds more linguistic content than EnglishSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.In Wong" s future experiment, the volunteers______.A will use either their right or left hemispheresB will use both English and a tonal languageC will listen to emotionally-charged sentencesD will listen to more pairs of emotionally-charged wordsSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.What is the passage mainly about?A Two hemispheres to the sound of speech.B Two functions of pitch in language.C Two hemispheres of the human brain.D Two languages and two hemispheres.We are all members of a culture. How we interpret the reality around us, what we consider to be reasonable statements and behavior, and what we believe to be health and illness all stem from the culture we share with some people and not with others. Those whose cultural experiences differ from our own will also differ in their beliefs and interpretations of reality. We are all rooted in an ethnic group as well, even if this group is simply the so-called " majority" of white, middle-class, protestant heritage. The degree to which we identify with an ethnic past will vary according to the strength with which family tradition has maintained that identity, and to the degree that the family chooses to assimilate into the larger society. The extent of an individual" s or a family" s identification with an ethnic heritage is as important as the specific features of that heritage. American society is ethnically and culturally diverse, **munity health nurses will find themselves practicing in communities that reflect this diversity. A particular family or a **munity may belong to an ethnic or cultural group very different from the nurse" s own. **munity health nurses who are most sensitive to variations in clients" beliefs and behaviors will be most effective in promoting their wellness. Community health nurses can achieve thissensitivity by examining their own culture in order to understand howit colors their world view and their interactions with individuals, families, **munities. Recognizing that clients are individuals as well as members of a larger culture, nurses will reject stereotypical views of clients" ethnic groups that can **munication and diminish their effectiveness. Indeed, culture mediates all social encounters, including those between nurse and client, and its study can enhance the effectiveness of health care services.SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.We live in the social environment______.A without different cultural experiencesB of the same behavior and beliefC with a shared cultureD of the same raceSSS_SINGLE_SEL22.The author is mainly talking about in the second paragraph______.A assimilation into a large societyB identification with an ethnic heritageC the conflict between identification and assimilationD the contradiction between an ethnic group and the majoritySSS_SINGLE_SEL23.According to the passage, a nurse cannot function well in a community______.A that reflects ethical and cultural diversityB without assimilating into its ethnic heritageC that is sensitive to his/her beliefs and behaviorsD without recognizing its ethical and cultural diversitySSS_SINGLE_SEL24.Community health nurses are supposed to______.A be sensitive to variations in clients" beliefs and behaviorsB abandon the stereotypical views of clients" groupsC examine their own cultureD all of the aboveSSS_SINGLE_SEL25.Which of the following can best summarize the general idea of the passage?A Identification with and assimilation into ethnic groups.B Novel and stereotypical views of ethnic groups.C Communication **munity.D Culture and health care.I" m in the unusual position of being both a computer scientist and a professional musician. On **puter side, I" m best known for my workin virtual reality, a term I coined in the early 1980s. As a musician I write, perform, and record my own work. Canons for Wroclaw, a concerto I created for virtual instruments, was performed last December by the Chamber Orchestra of Wroclaw, Poland. All of this means that I have a few deeply felt ideas about Napster, the free software millions of people use to share their music collections over the Internet. Big **panies see Napster as theft because they can" t collect royalties when people use it. So they have asked the courts to kill it. As I write this, a settlement seems to be emerging. Napster will probably begin to charge for its services and pay royalties to at least some **panies. Whatever happens, the legal decisions surrounding Napster are important for reasons that transcend the music business and extend to our basic concepts of what it means to be free in a democracy. I believe the anti-Napster forces have failed to foresee dangerous implications of their course of action. They aren" t thinking about the harsh logic at the core of this technology. They do not understand what I call the Law of the Excluded Digital Middle; Digital tools can be either open or closed but resist being anything in between. An open digital tool is onethat can be used in unforeseen ways. A tool like e-mail, meant to send text, might also—surprisingly—be used to send music. A closed tool is one in which there are technical restrictions that prevent unforeseen uses. The advantage of open tools is that more people can create new things with them; consequently, they tend to be more innovative. Closed tools are usually created because it is thought they will be more profitable; An owner can control them well enough to enforce bill collection. Of course, the open software movement energetically promotes the idea that innovation ends up generating more money than control does.SSS_SINGLE_SEL26.The Napster issue______.A is one concerning copyright infringement or violationB is a dispute between **panies and the courtC has been settled in favor of music lovers。

全国医学考博英语试题#(精选.)

2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。

PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension （30% ）Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between twospeakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a questionabout what is said, The question will be read only once, After youhear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C,and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET .Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven ’ t had a bite all day.Question: What’ s the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She was bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let ’ s begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pints B.About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD.About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work.B.Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D.Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about thedoctor.B.He won’ t complain anything.C.He is in good condition.D.He couldn’ t be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B.She will get a raise.C.The man will get a raise.D.The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B.Her daughter is an exciting child.C.She and her daughter are good friends.D.She and her daughter do’nt always understand each other.6.A. She hurt her uncle.B.She hurt her ankle.C.She has a swollen toe.D.She needs a minor surgery.7.A. John likes gambling.8.John is very fond of his new boss.9.John has ups and downs in the new company.10.John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B.She will undergo some lab tests.C.She will arrange an appointment.D.She will get the test results.9. A. She’ s an odd character.B.She is very picky.C.She is easy-going.D.She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B.In a local shop.C.In a ward.D.In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B.He very much likes his old bicycle.C.He will buy a new bicycle right away.D.He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B.It ’s a minor illness.C.It started two weeks ago.D.It ’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B.The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C.The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D.The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B.The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C.The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D.The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals. Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, aftereach of which, you will hear five questions. After each question,read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose thebest answer and mark the letter of your choice on theA NSWERSHEET .Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B.Because it was upsetting his stomach.C.Because he was allergic to it.D.Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’ t play soccer any more.B.He has a serious foot problem.C.He needs an operation.D.He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B.An allergy test.C.A urine test.D.A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergyproblem.20.A. Relieved.B.Anxious.C.Angry.D.Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B.Harmful effects of smoking.C.Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D.Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B.955.C.1909.D.1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B.When smoking exposure is low.C.When the subjects received medication.D.When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B.Genetic differences between men and women.C.Women’ s active metabolic rate.D.Women’ s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B.About 100,000.C.Several hundreds.D.About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B.Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C.Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D.Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B.Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C.Urging people not to eat animals.D.Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B.The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C.The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D.The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B.How to treat Rift Valley fever.C.The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D.Satellites and global health–remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Direction: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases,marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are tochoose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Thenmark your answer on theA NSWER SHEET.31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’ s emptying,produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico leftmy mind in such a __ that I couldn’ t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high bloodpressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those to prolonged emotionaland mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then _ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world at the lower end ofthe table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical , even though theconcept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time mayweaken the immune system, aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’ s personality traits, being modest and generous,people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has astrong _t o a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be early than even afraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorablyDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose theword or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the originalsentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET .41.All Nobel Prize winners ’ success is a process of long-term accumulation,in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’ s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks receptionat Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growingchildren in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances hasbeen applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure ofreligious persecution that exacerbatedt heir conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate theoriginal composition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored theconstruction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards ofmarital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving hima full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For eachblank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on theright side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET .For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least onepositive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer ’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is badfor your health.It ’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I ’d rather wait until it ’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positiverather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer ’s Disease Research Center conducteda study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect theonset of Alzheimer ’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer ’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for twoone-hour periods each day for seven to nine months. ” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Theircognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice notgenetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don ’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it ’s hoped thatfurther study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing andtreating Alzheimer ’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation.However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer ’s means mobile phones __60__ our brainsand bodies in ways not yet explored. And it ’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51.A. devicesB.risksC.phenomenaD.claims52. A. at leastB.at mostC.as ifD.as well53. A. blockingB.cookingC.exhaustingD.cooling54. A. ExceptB.EvenC.DespiteD.Besides55. A. untilB.whenC.asD.unless56. A. rangeB.continuumC.spectrumD.field57. A. ReasonablyB.ConsequentlyC.AmazinglyD.Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB.beneficialC.preferableD.susceptible59. A. effortB.methodC.huntD.account60. A. do affectB.did affectC.is affectingD.could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages,e ach of which is followed by fivequestions. For each question there are four possible answersmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark theletter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medicalmasks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery ona tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world ’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottomprices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the9 / 18word.conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improvetheir manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should beextended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recentlyinstituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61.From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us .A.the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB.the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C.the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D.the human misery behind them.62.The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,A.is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B.could have been even exaggerated.C.is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D.is prevailing across the world.63.The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy thetools of their trade, they should .A.have the same concern with the developing countries.B.be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC.pursue good bargains in the international market.D.spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is .A.to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B.to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C.to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D.to improve the transparency of international contracts.65.By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going tohelp humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that .A.the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB.the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.boratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D.because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate orconfusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend orinvest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged withindexes purporting to describe companie’s eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims arehard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’ s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered“ green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure ofgreenhouse gas emissions, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue.In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is notthe same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green” labels attached to individual products.Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green ElectronicsCouncil shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world ’s leading professional association for technology/Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclosedata. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legalrequirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clearmessage that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then marketforces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let ’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy –and it ’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66.T“he confusion ” at the beginning of the 2 nd paragraph refers to .A.where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB.an array of consumer products to chooseC.a fog of unreliable green informationD.little information on eco-credibility67.From the New Scientist’ s analysis it can be inferred that in many casesA.eco-credibility is abusedB.a green economy is crucialC.an environmental impact is lessenedD.green credentials promote green economy68.From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then toindividual products, the author argues that .A.eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB.neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC.it is vital to build a green economyD.better information is critical69.To address the issue, the author is crying for .A.transparent corporate managementB.establishing sustainability indexesC.tough academic-led surveillanceD.strict legal weapons70.Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A.The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B.It is time for another green revolution.rmation should be free for all.D.No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats –much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at this adds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools; a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school ”, they must live in the highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors” thought they were checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer –looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in thehighly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said.“Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism”.Other psychologists remain skeptical of this conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’ s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that, ” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience.There’ s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71.The findings of the study were in favor of _.A.the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB.the relation between intelligence and evolutionC.the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD.the human innate ability to cheat72.The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at .A.spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB.detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC.spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD.detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightlytaxed one73.When she says that ⋯that can’ t be the only thing going on in the mind , Cosmides most probably implies that .A.cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB.our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC.there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-makingsystemD.the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favoredevolutionary74.In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that .A.it was of great possibilityB.it could be misleadingC.it was unbelievableD.it ’s acquired75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Cheating at SchoolB.Cheating as the Human NatureC.Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD.Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens andenvironmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’ t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it or not, we now live in the anthropocene （人类世）–an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet ’snatural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. Wecannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden,and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work intoa list of nine “planetary boundaries” that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where theboundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about ourrelationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’ t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims inthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’ s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the repor’ ts headline conclusions.Above all, we need a dispassionate view of the state of the planet and our likely future impact on it. There ’s no room for complacency: Rockstrom ’s analysis shows us that we face real dangers, but exaggerating our problems is not the way to solve them.76.As the first paragraph implies, there is between environmentalists and mainstream society __________ .A.a misunderstandingB.a confrontationC.a collaborationD.a consensus77.Within the planetary boundaries, as Rockstrom implies, .A.we humans have gone far beyond the limitationsB.our human activities are actually moderate in degreeC.a certain level of human impact is naturally acceptableD.it is urgent to modify our relationship with the environment78.The point, based on Rockstrom ’s investigation, is simply that .A.they made the first classification of Earth systems。

年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案

2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。

2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the womanYou will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerADNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlier appointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.To think twice before he make the decision.D.To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.She had to work in the ER.D.She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.It feels as if she is falling down.D.It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.John has a dog that barks a lot.D.John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.He’ll miss class latter this week.D.He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C.The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D.The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C.Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D.Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D.Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Don’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligent38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the generalpublic.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery for the patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of th e National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passageA . Brain Wave B. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, ormiddle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey .In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except” Have a nice day”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits orpictures is decided by .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get itWainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving acar-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,” says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination AttemptsB.Morrell Loyal to His German PrimierC.Hitler Saved by Allied DrugsD.Penicillin Abused in GermanPassage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on itsown, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential tospareA. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner .A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬) the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd”or “technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的) accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see .A. the integration of theory with practiceB. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge。

2002医学博士英语统考听力文字

2002医学博士英语统考听力文字1．W: I’ll never talk to Lucy. I’ll have a …. with her.M: How come? You used to be close friends.Q: What does the man want to know?A: B2．W: I think my neck is broken.M: I think there’s nothing seriously wrong. If you like, you can hav e regular massage or other kinds of physical treatments. But after all, you should shorten your working hours and do more exercises.Q: What is the most important thing for the woman to do?A: C3．M: I thought you are planning to study medicine as your major.W: I was But I spoke to my mother and she talk me out of it.Q: What did the man’s mother do to him? （好像出错题了）A: C4．W: There is something wrong with my eyes. I guess I’ll have to see the doctor.M: I’ve never had anything wrong with my eyes.（这句话说的真实没心没肺）Qlovexiaoqing2004(19:59:37):: What will the woman probably do next?A: A5．M: I think that …is one of the best nurses I knew.W: Thus I can’t see as much as Nancy?.Q: What does the woman mean?A: B6．W: We are buying that shirt. How much would I use?M: $15 each, 2 for $28. They are on sale.Q: How much do 4 shirts cost?A: B7．W: Excuse me, Sir. No visits are allowed here. There is the recovery room.M: I’m sorry. I must have got off the elevator on the wrong floor.Q: Where does the conversation take place?A: C8．M: Immunizations are being given at the end of the hall.W: But I just came from that direction and I didn’t see any nurses and I didn’t see any nurses …. either.Q: What is the woman’s problem?A: C9．M: You’ve been here 3 years. Have you had much chance to travel?W: Not much. Last year I planned to golovexiaoqing2004(19:59:42):to Yellow Stone Park in December, but I had to post phone the trip. A few months later I finally made the plan to it.Q: When did the women go to the Yellow Stone Park?A: B10．M: Would you go to the play spot with me, if it doesn’t rain?W: No it’s very hot out side and I burn easily.Q: Why doesn’t the woman like to go to the play spot?A: C11．W: Was Robert elected to the committee?M: Yes, in fact he was the chairman and glad to take the job and made all the decisions himself. Q: What does Robert intent to do?A: C12．M: Does the boss check up on you often?W: Indeed she does. It seems as though she is in there 3 or 4 times an hour, although I’m not sure she is more often.Q: What do you learn about the boss?A: D13．M: Was the movie as good as your expectim?W: It’s hard to say. I am undersalovexiaoqing2004(19:59:46):w the tell in the film.（听了很多遍也没听清sigh）Q: What does the woman mean?A: D14．M: What would you do if you heard a strange noise in the night?W: I guess I’ll wake a little, waiting to see if it happens again, and …. a gap in grap.也没听清Q: How would you describe the woman?A: A15．M: Was it raining outside?W: Was it raining! Look at my clothes. They are soak.Q: What does the woman mean?A: DPassage1No on should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstances. Uniforms are demeaning the human spirit. …..are necessary to demonstrate a society. Uniform tell the world that the person who wear this one has no value as an individual and only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in the uniform loses all self worth. There are various say that wearing uniform thus a person’lovexiaoqing2004(19:59:49):s sense of dedication was enlarger on broader concept. What can be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak to relay on clothes and buttons to inspire its numbers, that organization has no right to continue to exist. Others say wearing uniforms eliminates competition in the matter of dress so that a poor person who cannot afford good clothes will not be looked down upon by a wealthy person who wears expensive clothes. These people ignore the important concept of form of choice motivation in individual ality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would they try to be better. It is like to force everyone to drive the same car and have the same type of food. Uniforms also can be a colony. If everyone exposed to wear uniform, artistic personnel and sales personnel willovexiaoqing2004(19:59:52):l be unnecessary. Why bother to sale that any item that are unavailable? Wearing uniforms will destroy the fashion industry. As a result, advertising will be unnecessary. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines and television will not be able to remain in business. The entire information and entertainment industry will collapse.16. What does the speaker think of the person in the uniform? (D)17. How can a person reveal his individual ality?(C)18. What does the speaker mean by forcing everyone to drive the same car and eat the same food?(C)19. Which of the following will not be economically affected by wearing uniforms?(20. Which of the following is the speaker value most?(A)passage2实在听不清楚，不知道那女的嘴里含了什么！！passage3To quickly review the main points in chapter 7. The most importalovexiaoqing2004(19:59:55):nt part of the system of nerves is the brain. The brain controls most of the body’s activity. Messages between the brain and spinal cord are carried by nerves, which are made up of special cells called nerve cells. Nerve cells are hind in the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, in the organs we used to see, hear, smell, taste and touch. Nerve cells had long chainlike fibers that carry messages. These fibers have ends to send and receive messages. Remember that nerve cells are so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope. But one fiber on the nerve cell stretches as long as 3 feet. There are many kinds of nerve cells. In this chapter there are as many as 3 kinds. The sensory nerve cells carry messages of heat, light, sound and pressure from skins, muscles and organs inside the body. Motor nerve cellslovexiaoqing2004(19:59:57):carry messages to the muscles and this causes these muscles to move. Connective nerve cells go between sensory nerve cells and motor nerve cells, helping the messages go from the spinal cord to the brain. The brain sends messages through motor nerve cells to the muscles. With this nerve cells help us to see, hear, taste, smell and touch.Well, if you have no further question about chapter 7, we’ll go on to talk about chemical process involved in the transform of messages.26. What is the source of the speaker’s information?(A)27. What role do nerve fibers play?(D)28. What does the nerve fiber look like according to the speaker?(D)29. How many kinds of nerve cells are discussed in this talk？(C)30. Which of the following cells sends messages?(D)我发现这个版可能过客比较多吧，或者大家对已经考过的听力并不lovexiaoqing2004(20:00:04):在意，我的本意是希望能有高手出现共同切磋，因为我从没说过我的都是对的，并不想让大家看了就走，因为我怕误导大家。

2000-2012医博统考英语听力题解析原文汇总

2000-2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题此汇总一共12套，98页查找规律，找到应试感觉2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Section ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1.A. Heart attacks B. Strokes C.Drug addiction D.Cerebral haemorrhage2.A. About 860, 000 B.About 1. 5 millionC.About 1/2 of the total populationD.About 2/3 of the total population3.A. Easy to use B.Safe C.Economical D.Fast actingTalk Two4.A. Students B.Teachers C.Social workers D.Doctors5.A. They took a long-term course of social sciencesB.They took a one-day course of psychologyC.They rendered assistance to the disabledD, They explored the world of the handicapped6.A. To understand the handicapped B.To create compassion for the neededC.To share difficulties with the poorD.To take care of the disabled7.A. An insight into the psychology of the disabledB.More knowledge about needs and feelings of the handicappedC.Respect for the disabled for their abilitiesD.All of the aboveTalk Three8.A. The President and the hospital B.A visit to the hospitalC.President Abraham LincolnD.Lincoln and a wounded soldier9.A. Writing down a letter for him B.Dictating a letter for himC.Typing a letter for himD.Posting a letter for him10.A. The President signed the letterB.The President held the soldier’s hand tightlyC.The young man went peacefully through to his end.D.The young man recognized Lincoln.2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860, 000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According, to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is at mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course journey into compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of every-day tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. "After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped". Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside."Is there anything I can do for you?" asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: "Would you please write a letter to my mother?"A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:"My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’ m afraid I’ m not going to recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father. "The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, "Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln. "The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. "Are you really the President?" he asked."Yes, I am, " Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do."Would you please hold my hand?" the soldier asked. "It will help me to see it through to the end. "In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke warm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 %)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You "go Dutch. " This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as "Let’s go get a beer" or "Want a cup of coffee T" In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop, If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: "Let’s go to Green willow for dinner", it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill. If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: "I’d like to take you to Green willow. " Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection A Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the fight answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1. A. It’s a symbol of strength and courage. B. It’s a symbol of power and independence.C. It’s a symbol of competence and courage. D It’s a symbol of strength and confidence.2. A. The polluted fish killed 3, 000 of them. B. Insects poisoned so many of them.C. Pollution greatly reduced their number.D. Pesticides made them extinct.3. A. The bird is not adored any more.B. The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.C. The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.D. Measures are being taken to save the bird.Talk Two4. A. To go sightseeing in the town-center. B. To lose his way intentionally.C. To pay a visit to the suburb.D. To wander about the streets.5. A. To know more of the city. B. To practice the language.C. To get to know his way around the suburb.D. To while away the hours.6. A. He was unable to find his way back.B. A policeman could help him with his problem.C. He failed to communicate with the policeman.D. All of the above.7. A. The policeman showed him the railway station.B. He found the place where he lived.C. He was misled to a wrong place.D. He decided to stay in the country.Talk Three8. A. A case of active euthanasia. B. A case of passive euthanasia.C. A case of prostate cancer.D. A case of community medical service.9. A. His prostate cancer. B. The right time.C. His wife’s idea.D. Three signatures.10. A. Painfully. B. Apathetically. C. Peacefully. D. Angrily.Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words read on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediateattractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always 1 for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 2 by industry—which is naturally far more concerned with 3 because these increase profits quickly—the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 4 . Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will 5 prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making 6 will be lost. Un-fortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon 7 science, tend to 8 the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "2001全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection ATalk One1. A 录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将bald eagle定为a symbol of their country，因为it’s a bird of strength and courage。

历年全国医学考博英语分数线

历年全国医学考博英语分数线摘要：一、全国医学考博英语分数线概述二、历年医学考博英语分数线详解1.2002-2005年医学博士英语国家线2.2006-2019年医学考博英语分数线概况三、医学考博英语考试特点及应对策略四、推荐备考资源和技巧正文：全国医学考博英语分数线概述随着医学领域的不断进步和发展，越来越多的人选择攻读医学博士学位。

全国医学考博英语作为医学考博的重要组成部分，其分数线备受关注。

根据不完全统计，近年来医学考博英语分数线一般在55分左右，难度相当于六级以上水平。

历年医学考博英语分数线详解1.2002-2005年医学博士英语国家线据资料记载，2002年至2005年期间，医学博士英语国家线分别为50分、52分、50分和未公布具体分数线。

从这些数据可以看出，分数线在一定程度上反映了考试的难度和竞争程度。

2.2006-2019年医学考博英语分数线概况从2006年开始，医学考博英语分数线逐渐呈现出稳定趋势。

在这段时间里，分数线大多在55分左右，个别年份略有波动。

需要注意的是，这里提到的分数线仅供参考，具体分数线以当年发布的为准。

医学考博英语考试特点及应对策略医学考博英语考试题型比较固定，包括听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解和写作五部分。

其中，阅读理解和写作方面的考试难度稍高。

为应对考试，建议考生掌握以下策略：1.扎实基础：加强词汇、语法和句型结构的学习，这是提高英语能力的基础。

2.专项训练：针对考试题型进行专项训练，提高解题速度和正确率。

3.模拟考试：进行模拟考试，熟悉考试环境和时间压力，提高应试能力。

4.总结经验：每次考试后，认真总结经验教训，找出自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行改进。

推荐备考资源和技巧1.备考资源：选择适合自己的备考资料，如历年真题、模拟试题等，进行系统性的学习和训练。

2.在线学习：利用互联网资源，如在线课程、学习APP等，提高英语听、说、读、写四个方面的能力。

3.学习小组：加入学习小组，与其他考生互相监督、交流经验，共同进步。

2001-2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案

PART 1SECTION A 1-5ACDBA 6-10ACADCSECTION B 1.far exceed those 2.devoted to research 3.applied aspects 4.drive out basic reasearch 5.invariably be undertaken 6.major scientific discoveries 7.pure 8.degradePART 2作文：在冬天锻炼身体PAPER TWO 1-5CCABC 6-10DBDCD 11-15DAABB 16-20CCADD 21-25DCACC 26-30CABAA 31-35CABAA 36-40BCCDB 41-45CCABB 46-50CDBDA 51-55CAADD 56-60CAACC 61-65DABDD 66-70CAADD 71-75CACDA2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5BCCAD 6-10BCCBC 11-15CDDCB 16-20ACBBA 21-25DDCCC 26-30ADACB 31-35BCACD 36-40CCCDD 41-45BDDBC 46-50DABAB 51-55BCDAC 56-60CCCAA 61-65ADDBA 66-70DDACC 71-75BAAAA 76-80BCBCD 81-85CBDDD 86-90ABCAD作文：如何保持充沛的精力2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DDBAB 6-10DCDBD 11-15BDDAA 16-20CADDD 21-25CDDAC 26-30DDBCD 31-35ABDCA 36-40DACCA 41-45ACCDD 46-50BDDCA 51-55BACAC 56-60BACBA 61-65CBCBC 66-70CBDAB 71-75DADCD 76-80BDCCA 81-85AADCB 86-90BCADB作文：健康从早餐开始2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5ABCCC 6-10BDADD 11-15ABCCD 16-20DACBA 21-25ABDCD 26-30ADCBC 31-35BADAB 36-40BABCB 41-45ACBDC 46-50DCADA 51-55ABDAB 56-60CAABC 61-65DCBDC 66-70DDCDB 71-75BDBCB 76-80BADAB 81-85BDCCA 86-90BDAAD作文：入世后看病如何挑医院2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1 -5 CACDA 6-10CDBCB 11-15CADBA 16-20DDBCB 21-25ABCBD 26-30CCDAD 31-35CABAA 36-40CADAD 41-45BACBA 46-50ABDCC 51-55BBABD 56-60ACACB 61-65BCB,B,C 66-70BDABC 71-75CACAB 76-80AADBD 81-85CBAAA 86-90DDDCB作文：艾滋病是全社会的威胁2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5 CBCDA 6-10BDDDC 11-15BAADB 16-20DDACD 21-25BCBAB 26-30BBDCC 31-35CDCCB 36-40BCBDA 41-45ACACA 46-50ACDDB 51-55BCACA 56-60BADBC 61-65DDDDA 66-70ACABD 71-75ACCCC 76-80BBAAD 81-86DBDBD 86-90DDB,B,C作文：走路与健康2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DBBAD 6-10ABDCB 11-15ADACC 16-20BADDA 21-25CBDAC 26-30ACACC 31-35ADBAA 36-40BCDAC 41-45ACBDD 46-50ABCDB 51-55BADBC 56-60CACAD 61-65BCBAD 66-70CACCC 71-75BBBDA 76-80B,B,CDC 81-85CDCAA 86-90DDAAD作文：手术与害怕2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CBACC 6-10CADBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20ADDCA 21-25ADBAB 26-30BDCDA 31-35ACCDB 36-40CBCCB 41-45BCDDB 46-50ADCBD 51-55BACDB 56-60CADCA 61-66DBCBD 66-70DBDDC 71-75CCDBD 76-80BCCBA 81-85ADBCD 86-90AACAA作文：珍爱生命从护心开始1-5DBCCB 6-10CBDAB 11-15DABAB 16-20DABCD 21-25B,B,CDD 26-30CCADB 31-35ACBBA 36-40DCBAB 41-45BACDB 46-50ADDDC 51-55BBAAC 56-60BBACC 61-65DCBDB 66-70ADDAD 71-75DACAC 76-80DCBBB 81-85CDDBA 86-90CCDCB作文：水果是否可吃可不吃。

2000~2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】

2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解Paper OnePart ⅠListeningSection A Listening Comprehension (10%)Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read onlyonce. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. For example:Talk One1. A. Heart attacks.B. Strokes.C. Drug addiction.D. Cerebral haemorrhage.2. A. About 860,000.B. About 1.5 million.C. About 1/2 of the total population.D. About 2/3 of the total population.3. A. Easy to use.B. Safe.C. Economical.D. Fast acting.【答案与解析】1.D 录音讲到很多医生都在使用一种叫做“streptokinase”的药，这种药剂有时会带来一些问题，甚至会引起“bleeding in the brain”。

cerebral haemorrhage的意思是“脑溢血”。

2.B 录音中明确指出“About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year”。

2002医博统考听力题解析原文

2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 % )Section ADirections: In this part you will hear 15 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, you will have 12 seconds to read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. When they will make up again.B. Why the woman doesn’t want to talk to Lucy.C. What happened to Lucy.D. Why they were close friends in the past.2. A. She shouldn’t take it too seriously.B. She should have regular massage.C. She should exercise more and work less.D. She should exercise her neck and have physical treatment.3. A. She convinced the man to take medicine as his major.B. She asked the man to give a talk on medicine.C. She persuaded the man not to take medicine as his major.D. She gave a talk on medicine.4. A. Go to see an ophthalmologist. B. Go to see a pediatrician.C. Go to see an intern.D. Go to see a neurosurgeon.5. A. She doesn’t know Mary well. B. Nancy is the best nurse.C. Linda knows Mary.D. Nancy is not as good as Linda.6. A. $15. B. $56. C. $30. D. $60.7. A. In a waiting room. B. In a doctor’s office.C. In a ward.D. In an elevator.8. A. She is on the wrong floor. B. She does not know any nurse.C. She cannot find the immunization area.D. She received an immunization too late.9. A. Three years ago. B. This year. C. Last year. D. In December.10. A. It’s raining. B. She doesn’t like playing tennis.C. She doesn’t want to get sunburned.D. It’s not a holiday.11. A. To do whatever the committee asks him to do.B. To make decisions in agreement with the committee.C. To run the committee according to his own ideas.D. To appoint the committee chairman himself.12. A. She is absent-minded. B. She is hostile.C. She is aggressive.D. She is controlling.13. A. She doesn’t enjoy the film,B. The film is hard to understand.C. She saw the film from beginning to the end.D. She saw only the last part of the film.14. A. Courageous. B. Lazy. C. Curious. D. Cowardly.15. A. She’s looking for her raincoat. B. She’s soaking her clothes.C. She wants to close the window.D. She got caught in the rain.Section BDirections: In this part you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, you will have about 12 seconds to choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. The person loses all self-worth.B. The person possesses no spirit.C. The person cannot function as a part of a whole.D. All of the above.17. A. By working for an organization. B. By wearing uniforms.C. By being different.D. By driving the same car.18. A. To complain about communication and restaurants.B. To criticize government interference in people’s lives.C. To illustrate the impossibility of wearing uniforms.D. To predict the future fashions.19. A. Fashion industry. B. The image of an organization.C. Advertising industry.D. Entertainment industry.20. A. Individuality. B. Wholeness.C. Qualification.D. Uniformity.Passage Two21. A. In the main lab. B. At a computer terminal.C. In a small lab.D. Before the bulletin board.22. A. To discipline the students who have broken the rules.B. To explain why there are not enough computers.C. To warn the students about the problems with the lab.D. To explain the rules of the lab to the students.23. A. They are larger.B. They do not have strict rules.C. They give privileges to departmental majors.D. They are easier to use.24. A. No talking is allowed. B. Identification cards must be displayed.C. Food and drinks are not allowed.D. Computer science majors have priority.25. A. The assistants must know their names. B. They tell what their majors are.C. Too many non-students use the lab.D. The computers require them to operate.Passage Three26. A. Part of a medical textbook. B. A medical journal.C. Some microscope slides.D. The speaker’s current research.27. A. Reproducing themselves. B. Stretching and growing.C. Attaching themselves to muscles.D. Carrying messages.28. A. Elongated and stringy. B. Round and compact.C. Flat and transparent.D. Flexible and chainlike.29. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.30. A. Sensory nerve cells. B. Motor nerve cells.C. Connecting nerve cells.D. All of the above.2002全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(30％)Section A1. B 女士讲到再也不想和Lucy讲话，男士想知道为什么，因为女士和Lucy曾经是好朋友。

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passion n.同情,怜悯 B.accelerationn.加速度 C.frustration
D.exertionn.尽力, 努力, 发挥, 行使, 运用
be no exertion to不费力/use exertions尽力/make exertions尽力/put forth exertions尽力
47.I don’t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.
A.omitted
B.fabricated vt.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造, 虚构
C.pinpointed n.精确adj.极微小的v.查明pinpoint hole针孔pinpoint bombing精确轰炸
A.mark B.allocate vt.分派, 分配
C.erase vt.抹去, 擦掉, 消磁, <俚>杀死
D.pose Allow me to pose a question.请允许我提一个问题。
part III close (10%)
You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily 51 activity may change: you find yourself52 awake and active at night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working .You stay in your room and have little contact with people 53 except with those who speak your language .In your mind, you criticize the piople around you ----they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed,无知识的; 不学无术的concerned with insignificant things, 54 even stupid; you complain about them to any friends you have. You became55 frustrated when you can’t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you realy like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between life here and the perfect life 56 back home.Above all, you are homesick almost all the time. 始终
A.emotional 情绪的, 情感的 B.impersonal非个人的客观的
pulsory必修的,义务的 passionate 富于同情心的+
36.By the time I reached my residency, I ___ treated the patient as a whole human being.
A.constituting制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命
B.decoding译码, 解码
C.drafting起草, 为...打样, 设计
D.encoding
35.I have never seen a more caring, 人的，人道的,有同情心的___ group of piople in my life.
B.confirm确认
C.perceive
D.transmit传输，传导
46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country’s economic problems.
B. facilities [常用复]便利, 设备, 器材, 工具, 装置; 机构
C. authorities 当局, 负责人; 官方
D. warranties (正当)理由, (合理)根据, 授权, 担保, 保证, 根据
32.Family-planing clinics give out ___advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.
A.explain B.oppose C.represent D.propose Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人, 成事在天。
43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas. rational adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的n.有理数
A.yearned for渴望，可怜
B.broke into破门而入, 侵占
C.pass for被称为, 被看作
D.made for.倾向于, 导致；向前进,有助于
37.We now obtain more than two-thirds protein from animal resources, while our grandparents ___only one-half from animal resources.
2002
patr II vocabulary
31.An enormous number of people in the world’s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation____
A. capacities
D.reasonable adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的
44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.
A.observe B.appraise C.appreciate D.induce
A.miracle 奇迹, 奇事
B.myth n.神话, 神话式的人物(或事物), 虚构的故事, 荒诞的说法
C.trick n.诡计,窍门, 诀窍vt.欺骗, 哄骗
D.legend 传说, 伟人传, 图例
34.Today investigators are still far from 远离, 远非, 远远不, 完全不, 非但不___ a master map原图of the vasculature of the heart.
sue for为...提出诉讼, 诉请..., 请求; 乞求/sue out请求法院而得到 (赦免, 赔偿等)/
sue sb. for控告某人违犯...; 向法院起诉要求某人赔偿
C.detoxifyvt.使解毒 D.condemn condemn sb.'s behaviour谴责某人的举动condemn sb. to death判某人死刑
A..insensitive 对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的
B.interrogative 表示疑问的, 质问的
C.contraceptive adj.避孕的n.避孕品, 避孕用具
municative adj.无隐讳交谈的, 爱说话的, 畅谈的
33.Caffeine is the ___drug that will just about 几乎, 正是 get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.
A.take in v.接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗
B.make upv.弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆补足,拼凑
C.cut down v.砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节
D.bring about v.使发生, 致使
42.To begin with ,it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage. come up with v.赶上, 提出;提出,拿出
A.formulations B.standards C.principlesn.法则, 原则, 原理 D.notions
49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them. retrieve v.重新得到n.找回
40.Environmental officials insist that something be done to ___ acid rain.
A.curb n.路边vt.控[抑]制; 约束curb one's anger抑制愤怒
B.sue vt.控告, 向...请求, 请愿vi.提出诉讼, 提出请求
A.applicable adj.可适用的, 可应用的an applicable rule切实可行的规则applicable to all cases适合于一切场合