恒星的产生

B. Text-based Exercises
a) 选择填空。
　1.Silicon dioxide _________at the temperature of 1,710 ℃。
（a）melts （b）evaporate(蒸发） （c) dissolves（溶解）
　a
原文：It has a melting point of 1,710℃。

2.Glass is a pseudo-solid material with some of the randomness in structure characteristic of a _______.
.b
原文：The very viscous liquid structure is thus partially preserved on cooling to give the characteristic feature of a glass, which is an apparently solid material with some of the randomness in structure characteristic of a liquid.
　
　3.The so-called soda-lime glass has_______melting temperature and viscosity than pure SiO2.
　(a) the same (b) a higher (c)a lower
c
原文：As a result, the so-called soda-lime glass has a lower melting temperature and viscosity than pure SiO2 and can be produced and fabricated more easily.

4.Glass is a _______material.
　(a)crystalline (b) noncrystalline (c)light
　b
原文：If the melted material is cooled rapidly, a noncrystalline solid is obtained.后文中有提到玻璃的形成过程也是如此。

5.By the addition of ________to silica,soda-lime glass can be formed.
　(a) copper(铜）oxide (b)tin(锡）oxide (c)calciun oxide or sodiunm oxide
c
原文：The oxides most often added are sodium oxide and calcium oxide.


b）分析前缀及词义
　noncrystalline 非结晶的
non—meaning “not”
eg.non-classical, non-smoker, non-violence

tetrahedrally 四面体（形式）地
tetra—四，四面
eg. tetrachloride 四氯化物 tetragonal四角形的
　
　reorganization 重组
re-meaning “again, back”
eg.remarriage, reconsider, redistribution

pseudo-solid 伪固体
pseudo-meaning“false,imitation”
eg. pseudo-scientific ,pseudo-democratic, pseudoclassic
　irregularly 不规则地
　ir-不
　eg. irreplaceable ,irresistible, irrespective(不顾的，无关的）
　
　nondirectional 没有方向的
non—meaning “not”
　
　counteract中和；阻碍
　counter-meaning “against, in opposition to”
　eg. counterstrike, counter-accusation, countercurrent(逆流，反向电流）
　
　entrap 使陷入
　en-使处于…境地
　entitle 给…称号
　
　
快速阅读翻译 恒星的产生

生词：
　liberate 释放 thermonuclear 热核的 hydrogen 氢 helium 氦
galaxy 银河 in the vicinity of 在……附近 condense 浓缩
interstellar 星际的 evolution 演变 gravitational forces 地心引力 fragmentation 分裂 protostars 原恒星 Condensation 凝结，压缩
　
　译文：
　Passage1
　1、So far as we know most of the matter in the universe is in the form of stars.
　据我们所知，宇宙中大多数物质是以星星的形式存在的。

2、The majority of stars, including our sun, are clouds of gas which are maintained at a high temp

erature by the energy liberated by thermonuclear reactions in their centers.
大多数的恒星，包括我们的太阳，都是气体云。它们内部中心的热核反应所释放的能量使它们能够维持高温。

3、Most of our knowledge of stars and how they evolve comes from the study of the visible light they emit.
我们通过研究恒星发出的可见光来了解它们以及它们是怎么发展的。

4、The birth of stars, however, cannot be followed by an optical telescope, since it takes place in regions of space from which light cannot escape.
通过光学望远镜，我们是无法观察到恒星的产生的，因为这是发生在一个不透光的区域。

5、To study this process，therefore, astronomers have to make use of telescopes operating at other wavelengths.
　因此，为了研究这个过程，天文学家不得不用其他波长的望远镜。

6、The recent technical developments in radio millimeterwave and infra-red astronomy have turned the study of star-formation into one of the most exciting areas of astronomy.
最近在无线电，毫米波以及红外线这些天文科技方面的发展使得对恒星形成的研究成了最炙手可热的课题之一。
　
　Passage 2
1、The birth of a star is a rare, slow event; all but a very few of the stars visible to the naked eye have existed longer than mankind.
星球的形成是一个罕见且缓慢的过程；除了非常少数的一部分，大多数肉眼可见的星星都比人类存在的时间长。

2、We must therefore first consider the evidence that new stars are now being formed at all.
因此，我们必须先找到可以证明现在有新的恒星在形成的证据。

Passage 3
1、The energy which a normal, so-called “main sequence” star radiates into space is generated by the conversion of hydrogen to helium.
正常的星球，也就是所谓的“主序”星是通过把氢转变成氦来产生能量并将能量辐射出去的。

2、 If we compare the mass of hydrogen “fuel” in a main-sequence star with the rate at which energy is being emitted we can estimate its potential lifetime.
如果我们把主序星中的 氢能源和它发射能源的速度比较一下，那么我们就可以估算出它的大概生命长度。

3、It is found that the main sequence lifetime of a star depends strongly on its mass; low mass stars are small, cool and long-lived, while high mass stars are large, hot and short-lived.
我们发现主序星的生命长度和它的质量有很大的关系。质量少的星星体积小，温度低但寿命长，而质量多的星星体积大，温度高，寿命也比较短。

4、Our sun is now half-way through its total main sequence lifetime of10 10 years ,but a star with a mass thirty times greater than the sun would live for only a few million years.
我们的太阳现在已经过了它作为主序星10 10年生命的一半，但是一颗质量比太阳多30倍

的恒星只能存在几万年。

5、The fact that such bright stars are seen to exist now implies that star formation must have taken place over the past few million year; since our galaxy is some ten thousand million years old it is therefore reasonable to assume that somewhere in the galaxy the same process is taking place even now.
这么明亮的恒星现在存在就说明了它一定是在过去的几万年里形成的，因为我们的银河系存在了大概10亿年，我们有理由推测同样的过程现在正在银河系的某个地方发生。

6、Moreover ,the fact that these hot bright stars are almost always found in the vicinity of interstellar gas clouds leads us to conclude that it is out of such clouds that new stars condense.
而且，我们经常在星际气体云附近找到这些又热又亮的恒星，由此总结出新的恒星是由这样的云浓缩而形成的。

Passage 4
1、The evolution of a cloud of interstellar gas depends on a balance between internal gravitational forces tending to make it contract, and thermal pressure tending to make is expand.
星际气体云的演变是由两种力量角逐的结果，它内部的地心引力使它收缩，而热压力使它扩张。

2、James Jeans, in 1926,first showed that a cloud of a given temperature and density can collapse only if its mass is greater than a certain minimum value; a typical cloud with a temperature of 100k and a density of 100 hydrogen atoms per cu cm has to be 3,000 times more massive than the sun in order to start collapsing.
James Jeans,第一次提出一团一定温度和浓度的云只有在它的质量比某个最小值更大时，它才会坍塌。典型的例子就是一团100绝对温度和每平方厘米有100个氢原子的云一定要比太阳中3000被才会坍塌。

3、However, later theoretical work showed that once the collapse process has started and the density has risen significantly, fragmentation into progressively smaller cloudlets(protostars)is possible.
但是，后来的理论研究显示一旦（云的）坍塌开始，它的浓度会明显上升，就有可能分裂成小云（原恒星）。

4、These cloudlets eventually collapse to form individual stars.
这些小云最终会坍塌并形成独立的恒星。

5、The theory of gravitational condensation therefore predicts, in agreement with observation, that new stars form in clusters containing hundreds of thousands of stars rather than as isolated entities.
引力压缩理论预测星星是成千上万的成群形成的，而不是独立的存在。这和我们观察到的也相符。


Summary (小结)
科技文的翻译和我们平时的翻译略有不同，科技文的翻译需要译者对这方面有一定的熟悉度，如果译者对这方面知识完全不懂，就有可能导致错误的翻译。对于一些专业术语的翻译也会产生错误。
个人心得：
翻译上要适当地做一些语序上的调整

，使得语句更流畅。
尽量少用被动语态。
在翻译的同时，要学习文中好的表达方式以及相关知识。
在翻译过程中要注意时态的转换。




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