仁爱版八年级上册英语语法总复习大纲完整版

仁爱版八年级上册英语语法总复习大纲
HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】
八年级上册期末考试复习
Unit1 Topic1
be going to+V.原型：表示计划、打算、有目的做某事
注：以下两种情况不能用该结构
(1)临时决定要做某事 . Someone is knocking at the door, and
I will open it.
(2)客观必然会发生的事，自然规律 . Tomorrow will be Sunday. People will die without water.
Unit1 Topic2
双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）：指人：间接宾语指物：直接宾语
结构：V.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+to sb. . bring me the
book=bring the book to me
V.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+for sb. . buy me a computer=buy a computer for me
可带两个宾语的词：bring, buy, do, give, lend, pass, tell, show, teach, hand, send, write等
Would/ Do you mind…?
Would/ Do you mind+动名词?
Would/ Do you mind+ if从句?
注：would比do更加委婉
should “应该”表示义务、提出或征询建议，后跟动词原型
. We should save water.
Unit1 Topic3
一般将来时：will/ shall+V.原型表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，
或将来反复发生的动作。

表示将来的时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in five
years, in the future, next week/month/year 注： be句型用于一般将来时：There will be…=There is/are going
to be…
2.一些表示位移的动词可以用进行时表将来：come/ go/ arrive/
leave等
Unit2 Topic1
情态动词：should(shouldn’t),had better(had better not)的用法should表示义务或责任、劝告或建议，“应该做某事”
. You should not eat too much meat.
had better表示建议，“在目前情况下最好做某事”
. You had better go to see a doctor.
注：肯、否、一般疑问句式
Unit2 Topic2
情态动词：must(mustn’t), may, can
1.(1)must表示必须；must be表示肯定推测 . The man in black
shirt must be his father.
(2)must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答Yes,主+must. 否定回答No,主
+don’t/doesn’t
have to.或No,主+needn’t.
. Must she study hard? Yes, she must. No, she doesn’t
have to.
(3)mustn’t表示禁止，不允许 . Students mustn’t cheat in
the exam.
2.(1)can表示能力 . Birds can fly.
(2)can表示邀请、允许、请求等，意为“可以，能够”
. Can you come to my birthday party?
(3)can在否定句和疑问句中表示可能性 . He can’t be that boy’s father.
3.(1)may表示允许，意为“可以” . May I come in?
(2)may表示推测，意为“可能” . She may be still waiting for us.
(3)may表示祝愿 . May you have a happy weekend.
Unit2 Topic3
情态动词must和have to
1. must
(1)表示必须，强调说话者的主观看法 . You must take care of
your parents.
(2)表示一定（肯定性推测） . He must be at home.
(4)mustn’t表示不允许，禁止 . You mustn’t play on the road. to
表示不得不，必须，强调客观的需要
. If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. . He has to leave now.
反身代词:(1)作代词或介词的宾语 (2)作主语或宾语的同位语
Unit3 Topic1
used to的用法:
(1)used to +V.原型“过去常常做某事”，可以与but now, but
not…any more, but not…any longer连用，现在和过去形成对照. I used to watch TV, but now I have to study.
否定句 (usedn’t/ used not) /(didn’t use) to do sth.; 一般疑问句used/did开头
. He usedn’t to get up early./ He didn’t use to get up early.
. Did you use to be afraid of the dark?
(2)usedto+be+adj.“过去常常存在的状态，但现在情况已变”
. He used to be short, didn’t he?
注：be used to doing sth./ get used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于…”
. He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early.
Unit3 Topic2
感叹句
(1)What +(a/an)+adj.+主+谓……！
. What a cute boy he is ! What fine weather it is! (2)How+ adj./adv.+主+谓……！
. How tall she is！ How fluently she speaks English!
Unit3 Topic3
过去进行时：表示在过去某一具体时间或某一段时间正在进行的动作
主要结构：was/ were +
常用时间状语：then, at this/that time yesterday, at nine last night
. I was doing my homework at nine last night.
Unit4 Topic1&Topic2
形容词的比较级和最高级1、2
1.用于人或事物之间的比较，两个人或事物进行比较时，用比较级，表示“较……”或“更……一些”
2.用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较时，用最高级，表示一群人或事物中，其中一个“最……”
3.比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化：
a.一般在词尾加-er或-est . smaller/smallest
younger/youngest
b.以e结尾的词加-r或-st . nicer/nicest
c.以“辅音字母+y结尾的词”，变y为i再加-er或-est .
happier/happiest
d.“辅+元+辅”结构的单词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er或-est .
bigger/biggest
e.多音节和部分双音节词，要在原级前加more或most构成比较级或
最高级
4.用法
(1)比较级
a.“比较级+than” . Cats aremore lovely than other animals.
b.“less+原级+than” . This article is less difficult than that one.
c.“比较级+than+ any other+单数名词” . He is taller than any other boy in his class.
d.“比较级+and+比较级” . She is becoming more and more beautiful.
e.“the+比较级，the+比较级” . The more, the better.
f.“the+比较级+of the two” . He is the taller of the two.
注：如果比较对象相同，可再用that/those代替第二个比较对象
. The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan.
The eggs in this basket are more than those in that basket.比较级可用much, a little, a lot, even等修饰，使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确
. He runs much faster than me.
Chickens are much smaller than cows.
(2)最高级
a.“the+最高级+比较范围”（比较范围常用of, in, among引导的短
语表达）
. She is the oldest of these children.
Lily is the youngest in her class.
b.“the+序数词+adj.最高级+名词”
. The yellow river is the second longest river in China.
c.“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”
. This river is one of the longest rivers in our hometown.
d.“the+最高级”
. Monday is the busiest day.
注：最高级前要加定冠词the，但如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词，名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词。

. Jack is my best friend.
Unit4 Topic3
宾语补足语：补充宾语的成份，通常置于宾语之后，宾语和宾语补足语
共同构成复合宾语，句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1.可以跟宾语补足语的动词有：make, let, ask, invite, wish, want,
help…
(1) make sb. v./adj./n. let sb. v.
(2)ask/ invite/ want/ wish/tell sb. to do sth.
(3)help (to) do sth.
2.可以用作宾语补足语的词及短语
名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词
短语……
. We selected him our monitor.
The Internet makes the world smaller.
She wants her mother back.
I left my key at home.
She often asks me to help her.
I hear the bird singing.。