介绍北京的英语导游词

介绍北京的英语导游词
篇一：北京六大景点英文导游词
FoRBiddEnciTY(紫禁城)
(infrontofthemeridiangate)
LadiesandGentlemen:
iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.
Thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthePurpleForbiddencity.itisthelargest andmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinchinatoday.UndermingEmperorY ongle,constructionbeganin1406.ittook14yearstobuildtheForbiddencity.Th efirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasmingEmperorzhudi.Forfivecenturiesth ereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911wh enQingEmperorPuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.in1987,theUnitednatio nsEducational,ScientificandculturalorganizationrecognizedtheForbiddenc itywasaworldculturallegacy. itisbelievedthatthePalacemuseum,orziJincheng(PurpleForbiddencity),gotit snamefromastronomyfolklore,Theancientastronomersdividedtheconstellat ionsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheziweiY uan(northStar).Theconst ellationcontainingthenorthStarwascalledtheconstellationofHeavenlyGoda ndstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.Becausetheemperorwassupposedlyt hesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhi
lklore,theter m―aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting‖becameametaphorforauspiciousevents afterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofa nancientphilosopher,Laozi,totheHanghuPass.Here,purpleisassociatedwith auspiciousdevelopments.Thewordjin(forbidden)isself-explanatoryastheim perialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewa sheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople. Theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.Redrepre sentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.YellowisthecoloroftheearthontheLo essPlateau,theoriginalhomeofthechinesepeople.Yellowbecameanimperialc olorduringtheTangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowe dtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture. TheForbiddencityisrectangularinshape.itis960meterslongfromnorthtosout hand750meterwidefromeastwest.ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150, 000squaremeters.a52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.9-meter—highwallwhi chenclosesthecomplex.octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthe wall.Therearefourentrancesintothecity:themeridianGatetothesouth,theShe nwuGate(GateofmilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(Gateofmili taryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(westernFloweryGate)tothewest, thedonghua(EasternFloweryGate)totheeast. manpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheForbidde ncity.atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.marble
wasquarriedfromfangshancountrymountPaninJixiancountyinHebeiProvin ce.GranitewasquarriedinQuyang
countyinHebeiProvince.PavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinSuzhouinsouthern china.Bricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqi nginShandongProvince.Timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthw esternandsouthernregions. ThestructureinfrontofusisthemeridianGate.itisthemainentrancetotheforbid dencity.itisalsoknowsaswufenglou(Five-PhoenixTower).mingemperorshel dlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthechineselunaryearin honoroftheircounties.Theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficialsbyfloggi ngthemwithsticks. Qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.Qin gEmperorQianlongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremony frombanli(announcementofcalendar)tobanshou(announcementofnewmoo n)toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotherEmperor'sname,Hongli ,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.Qingdynastyemperorsalsousedthis placetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.Forexample,whenth eimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheEm perorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar. (afterenteringthemeridianGateandstandinginfrontoftheFivemarbleBridges onGoldenwaterRiver)
nowweareinsidetheForbiddencity.Beforewestartourtour,iwouldliketobriefl
yintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbeforeus.Tocompletethissolemn, magnificentandpalatialcomplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorth -southaxis,and8-kilometer-longinvisiblelinethathasbecomeaninseparablep artofthecityofBeijing.TheForbiddencitycoversroughlyone–thirdofthiscentr alaxis.mostoftheimportantbuildingsintheForbiddencitywerearrangedalong thisline.Thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoft heroyalcourtandrigidly–stratifiedfeudalsystem. TheForbiddencityisdividedintoanouterandaninnercount.wearenowstandin gonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.infrontofusliestheGateofsupreme Harmony.Thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpo weranddignity.Thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.Theone ontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresentstateunity.Theo theroneisafemale.Underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobe asymbolofperpetualimperialsuccession.ThewindingbrookbeforeusistheGo ldenwaterRiver.itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.Thefivebridges spanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyconfucius:benevolence ,righteousness,rites,intelligenceandfidelity.Therivertakestheshapeofabowa ndthenorth-southaxisisitsarrow.ThiswasmeanttoshowthattheEmperorsrule dthecountryonbehalfofGod. (infrontoftheGateofSupremeHarmony) TheForbiddencityconsistsofanoutercourtyardandaninnerenclosure.Theout countyardcoversavastspacelyingbetweenthemeridianGateandtheGateofHe
avenlyPurity.The―threebighalls‖ofSupremeHarmony,completeHarmonya ndPreservingHarmonyconstitutethecenterofthisbuildinggroup.Flankingthe minbilateralsymmetryaretwogroupsofpalaces:
wenhua(ProminentScholars)andwuying(Bravewarriors).Thethreegreathall sarebuiltonaspacious―H‖-shaped,8-meter-high,triplemarbleterrace,Eachl evelofthetripleterraceistallerthantheonbelowandallareencircledbymarbleb alustradescarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Therearethreecarvedstone staircaseslinkingthethreearchitectures.ThehallofsupremeHarmonyisalsoth etallestandmostexquisiteancientwooden-structuredmansioninallofchina.Fr omthepalaceofHeavenlyPuritynorthwardiswhatisknownastheinnercourt,w hichisalsobuiltinbilaterallysymmetricalpatterns.inthecenterarethePalaceof HeavenlyPurity,theHallofUnionandPeaceandPalaceofEarthlyTranquility,a placewheretheEmperorslivedwiththeirfamiliesandattendedtostateaffairs.Fl ankingthesestructuresarepalacesandhallsinwhichconcubinesandprincesliv ed.Therearealsothreebotanicalgardenswithintheinnercount,namely,theimp erialGarden,caninggardenandQuailinggarden.aninnerGoldenwaterRiverfl owseastwardlywithintheinnercourt.Thebrookwindsthroughthreeminorhall sorpalacesandleadsoutoftheForbiddencity.itisspannedbythewhiteJadeBrid ge.Theriverislinedwithwinding,marble–carvedbalustrades.mostofthestruct ureswithintheForbiddencityhaveyellowglazedtileroofs. asidefromgivingprominencetothenorth-southaxis,otherarchitecturalmetho dswereappliedtomakeeverygroupofpalatialstructuresuniqueintermsofterra
ces,roofs,mythicalmonstersperchingontheroofsandcolored,drawingpattern s.withthese,thegrandcontouranddifferenthierarchicspectrumofthecomplex werestrengthened.Folklorehasitthattherearealtogether9,999room-unitsinth eForbiddencity.SinceParadiseonlyhas10,000rooms,theSonofHeavenoneart hcutthenumberbyhalfaroom.itisalsorumouredthatthishalf–roomislocatedto thewestofthewenyuangePavilion(imperiallibrary).asamatteroffact,althoug htheForbiddencityhasmorethan9,000room-units,thishalf-roomisnonexiste nt.Thewenyuange Pavilionisalibrarywhere―SiKuQuanShu‖-china'sf irstcomprehensiveanthology-wasstored. (afterwalkingpasttheGateofSupremeHarmony) LadiesandGentlemen,thegreathallweareapproachingistheHallofSupremeH armony,thebiggestandtallestofitskingintheForbiddencity.Thisstructurecov ersatotalbuildingspaceof2,377squaremeters,andisknowforitsupturned,mult iplecounterparteaves.TheHallofSupremeHarmonysitsonatriple―H‖-shape dmarbleterraceis8metershighandlinkedbystaircases.Thestaircaseonthegro undfloorhas21stepswhilethemiddleandupperstairwayseachhave9. TheconstructionoftheHallofSupremeHarmonybeganin1406.itburneddown threetimesandwasseverelydamagedonceduringamutiny.Theexistingarchite cturewasbuiltduringtheQingdynasty.onthecornersoftheeavesalineofanimal -nailswereusuallyfastenedtothetiles.Theseanimal-nailswerelaterreplacewit hmythicalanimalstowardoffevilspirits.Therearealtogether9suchfastenerso ntopofthishall.Thenumberninewasregardedbytheancientstobethelargestnu
meralaccessibletomanandtowhichonlytheemperorswereentitled. Therewasatotalof24successiveemperorsduringthemingandQingdynastiesw howereenthronedhere.Theballwasalsousedforceremonieswhichmarkedoth ergreatoccasions:thewinterSolstice,ThechineseLunarnewYear,theEmperor 'sbirthday,conferralofthetitleof
empress,theannouncementofnewlawsandpolicies,anddispatchesofgenerals towar.onsuchoccasions,theEmperorwouldholdaudienceforhiscourtofficials andreceivetheirtributes. ThisareaiscalledtheHallofSupremeHarmonySquare,whichcoversatotalof3 0,000squaremeters,withoutasingletreeorplantgrowinghere,thisplaceinspire svisitorstofeelitssolemnityandgrandeur.inthemiddleofthesquarethereisacar riagewaythatwasreservedfortheEmperor.onbothsidesoftheroadthegroundb rickswerelaidinaspecialwaysevenlayerslengthwiseandeightlayerscrosswis e,makingupfifteenlayersinall.Thepurposeofthiswastopreventanyonefromtu nnelinghiswayintothepalace.inthecountyardthereareironvatsforstoringwat ertofightfires.inthewholecomplextherearealtogether308watervats.inwinter time,charcoalwasburnedunderneaththevatstokeepthewaterfromfreezing.w hysovastasquare?itwasdesignedtoimpresspeoplewiththehall'sgrande urandvastness.imaginethefollowingscene.Undertheclearbluesky,theyellow glazedtilesshimmeredasthecloud-likelayersofterrace,coupledwiththecurlin gveilofburningincense,transformedthehallofsupremeHarmonyintoafairyla nd.whenevermajorceremonieswereheld,theglazed,crane-shapedcandlehol
dersinsidethehallwouldbeit,andincenseandpinebranchesburntinfrontoftheh all.whentheEmperorappeared,drumswerebeatenandmusicalinstrumentplay ed.civilianofficialsandgeneralswouldkneelknowinsubmission. ThelastQingemperorPuyiassumedthethronein1908,attheageofthree,Hisfat hercarriedhimtothethrone.atthestartofthecoronation,thesuddendrum-beatin gandloudmusiccaughttheyoungemperorunprepared.Hewassoscaredthathe keptcryingandshouting,―idon'twanttostayhere.iwanttogohome.‖His fathertriedtosoothehim,saying,―it'llallsoonbefinished.it'llalls oonbefinished‖Theministerspresentattheeventconsideredthisincidentinaus picious.coincidentally,theQingdynastycollapsedthreeyearslaterandtherewi thconcludedchina’sfeudalsystemthathadlastedformorethan2,000years. (onthestoneterraceoftheHallofSupremeHarmony) Thisisabronzeincenseburner.initincensemadeofsandalwoodwouldbeburnto nimportantoccasions.Therearealtogether18incenseburners,representingall oftheprovincesundertheruleoftheSingmonarchs.oneithersideoftheHall,4br onzewater-filledvatswereplacedincaseoffire.nexttotheterraceoneitherside,t hereisabronzecraneandtortoise,symbolsoflongevity.Thiscopper-castgrain measureiscalled―jialiang.‖itservedasthenationalstandardduringtheQingdy nasty.itwasmeanttoshowthattheimperialrulerwerejustandopentorectificatio n.ontheothersidethereisastonesundial,anancienttimepiece.Thejialiangandt hesundialwereprobablymeanttoshowwhattheEmperorrepresented:thathew astheonlypersonwhoshouldpossessthestandardsofbothmeasureandtime.
intheveryforefrontoftheHallofSupremeHarmony,thereare12scarlet,roundpi llarssupportingtheroof.Thehallis63metersfromeasttowestand37metersfro mnorthtosouth.itis35metersinheight.infrontofthisarchitecture,therestandsa tripleterracewithfivestaircasesleadinguptothemainentrance.ithas40golddo orsand16gold-keywindowswithcoloreddrawingsonthepillarsandbeams.int hemiddleofthehall,athronecarvedwith9dragonssitson
a2-meter-highplatform.Behindthethronethereisagoldenscreenandinfrontofi t,thereisanimperialdesk.Theflanksaredecora
tedwithelephants,Luduan(alegendarybeast),cranes,andincensebarrels.Thee lephantcarriesavaseonitsbackthatholdsfivecereals(i.e.rice,twokindsofmille t,wheatandbeans),whichwasconsideredasymbolofprosperity.asancientlege ndhasitthatluduancantravel18,000li(9,000kilometers)inonedayandknowsal llanguagesanddialects.onlytoawiseadjustmonarchwillthisbeastbeaguardia n. TheHallofSupremeHarmonyisalsopopularlyknownasJinluandian(goldbell hallorthethronehall).Thefloorofthehallislaidwithbricksthatturnitintoasmoo th,finesurfaceasifwaterhasbeensprinkledonit.Theso-calledgoldenbrick,infa ct,hasnothingtodowithgold.Reservedexclusivelyfortheconstructionofthero yalcourt,itwasmadeinasecretive,andcomplexway,and,whenstruck,soundsli ketheclinkofagoldbar.Eachbrickwasworththemarketpriceofonedan(oroneh ectoliter)ofrice.
Thehallissupportedbyatotalof72thickpillars.ofthese,6arecarvedindragonpa
tternsandpaintedwithgoldandsurroundthethrone.abovetheverycenterofthis hallthereisazaojing,orcoveredceiling,whichisoneoftheSpecialitiesofchina 'sancientarchitecture.inthemiddleoftheceilingisadesignofadragonpla yingwithaballinlaidwithpeals.Thiscopperball,hollowinsideandcoveredwith mercury,isknownastheXuanyuanmirrorandisthoughttobemadeXuanyuan,a legendarymonarchdatingbacktoremoteantiquity.Theplacingofthecaissonab ovethethroneismeanttosuggestthatallofchina'ssuccessiveemperorsar ezuanyuan'sdescendantsandhereditaryheirs.nowyoumighthavenotice dthattheXuanyuanmirrorisnotdirectlyabovethethrone.why?itisrumoredthat YuanShikai,aself-acclaimedwarlord-turnedemperormovedthethronefurthe rbackbecausehewasafraidthatthemirrormightfallonhim.in1916whenYuanS hikaibecameemperor,heremovedtheoriginalthronewithawestern-style,high -backchair.afterthefoundationofthePeople'sRepublicofchinain1949t hethronewasfoundinashabbyfurniturewarehouse.itrepairedandreturnedtoth ehall. (Leadingthetouristtothebronzevatseitherontheeastorthewest) thewatervatsinfrontofthepalacesorhousewerecalled―menhai,‖orseabefore thedoorbytheancientchinese.Theybelievedthatwithaseabythedoor,firecoul dnotwreakhavoc.Thevatsservedbothasadecorationandasafireextinguisher. Theywerekeptfullofwaterallyearround.
duringtheQingdynasty,theywerealtogether308vatsinthepalaceenclosure.Th eyweremadeofgiltbronzeoriron.ofcourse,thegiltbronzevatswereofthebestq。