大学英语虚拟语气定义

1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从 句动词用过去时(be用were) It looks as if she were sick. He looks as though he knew the girl.
2) 从句所设想的时间动作先于主句谓语发生, 从句动词用had+过去分词. 如: I feel as if we had known each other for years He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself
Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t
have left the meeting so early.
2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当 的选择. 如: I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.
3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将 来的愿望;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望. 如:
I would rather you paid the money yourself.
lest /for fear that/ + 句子(should +动词原形) in case
1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should
rain. 3. She put her coat over the child for fear that
3) expect, believe, think, suspect等否定或疑问形 式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气常用should+动 词原形，表示怀疑，惊奇或不满。
I never thought that he shou百度文库d be such a brave young soldier.
3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气
4）含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一 个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ” ， “ without ” 及 “ but that ” “ except for 和 “supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now.
he should catch cold. 4. Here’s some money in case you should need
it.
二 学法建议 在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时
首先要牢记它的三种形式,它将为学习此 类句子奠定基础, 在此基础上, 才能掌握 倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等。
5. would rather, had better, would prefer后的句子 的虚拟语气 1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语 的主观愿望和选择 I would rather do it today. You had better not go dancing tonight.
Should I have time, I would call on her.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.
3) 错综时间条件句
在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作 发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动 词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词 形式, 如:
2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/impor tant/natural/a pity 等后的主语从句中 It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight
3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同 位语从句中.如: My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening
It is time for us to have dinner. It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.
It is the first that he have gone there. It was the first time that he had gone there.
虚拟语气定义
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假 想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是 一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 虚拟语气常表示条件和结果的状语从句中。 在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三 种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。
1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用 2. 宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气 3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气 4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 5. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气 6. it is (high) time that ….句型 7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条
8 if only 从句 if only 若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要...就好
过去完成时
对过去虚拟
could + 完成时
if only
一般过去时
对现在虚拟
would /could/might 对将来虚拟 +动词原形 1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes.
7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如: If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.
If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time
2. If only she could have lived a little longer.
If only she had lived a little longer.
3. If only he had arrived in time.
9 用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,为防止…起见) 和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动 词原形或动词原形。
I wish he would forgive me.
2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要 求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为 (should)+动词原形
The doctor suggested that he should try to lose weight.
She would leave her husband except for children.
2. 宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气 1).wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事 实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓 语动词退后一个时态。例如:
与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were)
2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省 略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:
Were it necessary, I might resign.
Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.
将来 did, were to, should+v.,
同上
If I had time, I would attend your party.
If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.
If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.
件句
8用于if only引导的感叹句 9 lest, for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句
知识点归纳
1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用
1)
if 从句
主句
过去 had done would (should, could, might)+have done
现在 did/were would (should, could, might)+动原
4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange 等动词时,如:
I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气, 用陈述语气.如: The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work. 当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用 陈述语气. 如: The man insisted that he had never stolen the money
I wish I were as healthy as you.
I wish that I had a plane. 与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done
I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish you had written to him. 与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do
If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在---过去) If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去---将来) If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去---现在)
I would rather she had not done that.
一般过去时
6 It is (high, about, low) time that
should + 动词原形
此处的should 一般不省略
注意: It is the first time that从句 现在完成时 It was the first time that从句 过去完成时