测试名称常用术语英文对照
软件测试术语中英文对照
data definition C-use pair：数据定义C-use使用对
data definition P-use coverage：数据定义P-use覆盖
data definition P-use pair：数据定义P-use使用对
data definition：数据定义
data definition-use coverage：数据定义使用覆盖
data definition-use pair ：数据定义使用对
data definition-use testing：数据定义使用测试
Check In :检入
Check Out :检出
Closeout : 收尾
code audit ：代码审计
Code coverage : 代码覆盖
Code Inspection：代码检视
Core team : 核心小组
corrective maintenance：故障检修
correctness ：正确性
coverage ：覆盖率
coverage item：覆盖项
crash：崩溃
Beta testing : β测试
Black Box Testing：黑盒测试
Blocking bug : 阻碍性错误
Bottom-up testing : 自底向上测试
boundary value coverage：边界值覆盖
boundary value testing：边界值测试
Bug bash : 错误大扫除
bug fix : 错误修正
Bug report : 错误报告
软件测试专业术语中英文对照
软件测试专业术语中英文对照AAcceptance testing : 验收测试Acceptance Testing：可接受性测试Accessibility test : 软体适用性测试actual outcome：实际结果Ad hoc testing : 随机测试Algorithm analysis : 算法分析algorithm：算法Alpha testing : α测试analysis：分析anomaly：异常application software：应用软件Application under test (AUT) : 所测试的应用程序Architecture : 构架Artifact : 工件ASQ：自动化软件质量（Automated Software Quality）Assertion checking : 断言检查Association : 关联Audit : 审计audit trail：审计跟踪Automated Testing：自动化测试BBackus-Naur Form：BNF范式baseline：基线Basic Block：基本块basis test set：基本测试集Behaviour : 行为Bench test : 基准测试benchmark：标杆/指标/基准Best practise : 最佳实践Beta testing : β测试Black Box Testing：黑盒测试Blocking bug : 阻碍性错误Bottom-up testing : 自底向上测试boundary value coverage：边界值覆盖boundary value testing：边界值测试Boundary values : 边界值Boundry Value Analysis：边界值分析branch condition combination coverage：分支条件组合覆盖branch condition combination testing：分支条件组合测试branch condition coverage：分支条件覆盖branch condition testing：分支条件测试branch condition：分支条件Branch coverage : 分支覆盖branch outcome：分支结果branch point：分支点branch testing：分支测试branch：分支Breadth Testing：广度测试Brute force testing: 强力测试Buddy test : 合伙测试Buffer : 缓冲Bug : 错误Bug bash : 错误大扫除bug fix : 错误修正Bug report : 错误报告Bug tracking system: 错误跟踪系统bug：缺陷Build : 工作版本（内部小版本）Build Verfication tests(BVTs): 版本验证测试Build-in : 内置CCapability Maturity Model (CMM): 能力成熟度模型Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI): 能力成熟度模型整合capture/playback tool：捕获/回放工具Capture/Replay Tool：捕获/回放工具CASE：计算机辅助软件工程（computer aided software engineering）CAST：计算机辅助测试cause-effect graph：因果图certification ：证明change control：变更控制Change Management :变更管理Change Request :变更请求Character Set : 字符集Check In :检入Check Out :检出Closeout : 收尾code audit ：代码审计Code coverage : 代码覆盖Code Inspection：代码检视Code page : 代码页Code rule : 编码规范Code sytle : 编码风格Code Walkthrough：代码走读code-based testing：基于代码的测试coding standards：编程规范Common sense : 常识Compatibility Testing：兼容性测试complete path testing ：完全路径测试completeness：完整性complexity ：复杂性Component testing : 组件测试Component：组件computation data use：计算数据使用computer system security：计算机系统安全性Concurrency user : 并发用户Condition coverage : 条件覆盖condition coverage：条件覆盖condition outcome：条件结果condition：条件configuration control：配置控制Configuration item : 配置项configuration management：配置管理Configuration testing : 配置测试conformance criterion：一致性标准Conformance Testing：一致性测试consistency ：一致性consistency checker：一致性检查器Control flow graph : 控制流程图control flow graph：控制流图control flow：控制流conversion testing：转换测试Core team : 核心小组corrective maintenance：故障检修correctness ：正确性coverage ：覆盖率coverage item：覆盖项crash：崩溃criticality analysis：关键性分析criticality：关键性CRM(change request management): 变更需求管理Customer-focused mindset : 客户为中心的理念体系Cyclomatic complexity : 圈复杂度Ddata corruption：数据污染data definition C-use pair：数据定义C-use使用对data definition P-use coverage：数据定义P-use覆盖data definition P-use pair：数据定义P-use使用对data definition：数据定义data definition-use coverage：数据定义使用覆盖data definition-use pair ：数据定义使用对data definition-use testing：数据定义使用测试data dictionary：数据字典Data Flow Analysis : 数据流分析data flow analysis：数据流分析data flow coverage：数据流覆盖data flow diagram：数据流图data flow testing：数据流测试data integrity：数据完整性data use：数据使用data validation：数据确认dead code：死代码Debug : 调试Debugging：调试Decision condition：判定条件Decision coverage : 判定覆盖decision coverage：判定覆盖decision outcome：判定结果decision table：判定表decision：判定Defect : 缺陷defect density : 缺陷密度Defect Tracking :缺陷跟踪Deployment : 部署Depth Testing：深度测试design for sustainability :可延续性的设计design of experiments：实验设计design-based testing：基于设计的测试Desk checking : 桌前检查desk checking：桌面检查Determine Usage Model : 确定应用模型Determine Potential Risks : 确定潜在风险diagnostic：诊断DIF(decimation in frequency) : 按频率抽取dirty testing：肮脏测试disaster recovery：灾难恢复DIT （decimation in time）: 按时间抽取documentation testing ：文档测试domain testing：域测试domain：域DTP DETAIL TEST PLAN详细确认测试计划Dynamic analysis : 动态分析dynamic analysis：动态分析Dynamic Testing：动态测试Eembedded software：嵌入式软件emulator：仿真End-to-End testing：端到端测试Enhanced Request :增强请求entity relationship diagram：实体关系图Encryption Source Code Base：加密算法源代码库Entry criteria : 准入条件entry point ：入口点Envisioning Phase : 构想阶段Equivalence class : 等价类Equivalence Class：等价类equivalence partition coverage：等价划分覆盖Equivalence partition testing : 等价划分测试equivalence partition testing:参考等价划分测试equivalence partition testing：等价划分测试Equivalence Partitioning：等价划分Error : 错误Error guessing : 错误猜测error seeding：错误播种/错误插值error：错误Event-driven : 事件驱动Exception handlers : 异常处理器exception：异常/例外executable statement：可执行语句Exhaustive Testing：穷尽测试exit point：出口点expected outcome：期望结果FExploratory testing : 探索性测试Failure : 失效Fault : 故障fault：故障feasible path：可达路径feature testing：特性测试Field testing : 现场测试FMEA：失效模型效果分析（Failure Modes and Effects Analysis）FMECA：失效模型效果关键性分析(Failure Modes and Effects Criticality Analysis)Framework : 框架FTA：故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis)functional decomposition：功能分解Functional Specification ：功能规格说明书Functional testing : 功能测试Functional Testing：功能测试GG11N(Globalization) : 全球化Gap analysis : 差距分析Garbage characters : 乱码字符glass box testing：玻璃盒测试Glass-box testing : 白箱测试或白盒测试Glossary : 术语表GUI(Graphical User Interface): 图形用户界面HHard-coding : 硬编码Hotfix : 热补丁II18N(Internationalization): 国际化Identify Exploratory Tests –识别探索性测试IEEE：美国电子与电器工程师学会（Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers）Incident 事故Incremental testing : 渐增测试incremental testing：渐增测试infeasible path：不可达路径input domain：输入域Inspection : 审查inspection：检视installability testing：可安装性测试Installing testing : 安装测试instrumentation：插装instrumenter：插装器Integration :集成Integration testing : 集成测试interface : 接口interface analysis：接口分析interface testing：接口测试interface：接口invalid inputs：无效输入isolation testing：孤立测试Issue : 问题Iteration : 迭代Iterative development: 迭代开发Jjob control language：工作控制语言Job：工作KKey concepts : 关键概念Key Process Area : 关键过程区域Keyword driven testing : 关键字驱动测试Kick-off meeting : 动会议LL10N(Localization) : 本地化Lag time : 延迟时间LCSAJ：线性代码顺序和跳转（Linear Code Sequence And Jump）LCSAJ coverage：LCSAJ覆盖LCSAJ testing：LCSAJ测试Lead time : 前置时间Load testing : 负载测试Load Testing：负载测试Localizability testing: 本地化能力测试Localization testing : 本地化测试logic analysis：逻辑分析logic-coverage testing：逻辑覆盖测试MMaintainability : 可维护性maintainability testing：可维护性测试Maintenance : 维护Master project schedule :总体项目方案Measurement : 度量Memory leak : 内存泄漏Migration testing : 迁移测试Milestone : 里程碑Mock up : 模型，原型modified condition/decision coverage：修改条件/判定覆盖modified condition/decision testing ：修改条件/判定测试modular decomposition:参考模块分解Module testing : 模块测试Monkey testing : 跳跃式测试Monkey Testing：跳跃式测试mouse over：鼠标在对象之上mouse leave：鼠标离开对象MTBF：平均失效间隔实际（mean time between failures）MTP MAIN TEST PLAN主确认计划MTTF：平均失效时间（mean time to failure）MTTR：平均修复时间（mean time to repair）multiple condition coverage：多条件覆盖mutation analysis：变体分析NN/A(Not applicable) : 不适用的Negative Testing : 逆向测试, 反向测试, 负面测试negative testing:参考负面测试Negative Testing：逆向测试/反向测试/负面测试off by one：缓冲溢出错误non-functional requirements testing:非功能需求测试nominal load:额定负载N-switch coverage：N切换覆盖N-switch testing：N切换测试N-transitions：N转换OOff-the-shelf software : 套装软件operational testing：可操作性测试output domain：输出域Ppaper audit:书面审计Pair Programming : 成对编程partition testing：分类测试Path coverage : 路径覆盖path coverage：路径覆盖path sensitizing：路径敏感性path testing：路径测试path：路径Peer review : 同行评审Performance : 性能Performance indicator: 性能（绩效）指标Performance testing : 性能测试Pilot : 试验Pilot testing : 引导测试Portability : 可移植性portability testing：可移植性测试Positive testing : 正向测试Postcondition : 后置条件Precondition : 前提条件precondition：预置条件predicate data use：谓词数据使用predicate：谓词Priority : 优先权program instrumenter：程序插装progressive testing：递进测试Prototype : 原型Pseudo code : 伪代码pseudo-localization testing：伪本地化测试pseudo-random：伪随机QQC：质量控制（quality control）Quality assurance(QA): 质量保证Quality Control(QC) : 质量控制RRace Condition：竞争状态Rational Unified Process(以下简称RUP):瑞理统一工艺Recovery testing : 恢复测试recovery testing：恢复性测试Refactoring : 重构regression analysis and testing：回归分析和测试Regression testing : 回归测试Release : 发布Release note : 版本说明release：发布Reliability : 可靠性reliability assessment：可靠性评价reliability：可靠性Requirements management tool: 需求管理工具Requirements-based testing : 基于需求的测试Return of Investment（ROI）: 投资回报率review：评审Risk assessment : 风险评估risk：风险Robustness : 强健性Root Cause Analysis(RCA): 根本原因分析Ssafety critical：严格的安全性safety：（生命）安全性Sanity testing : 健全测试Sanity Testing：理智测试Schema Repository : 模式库Screen shot : 抓屏、截图SDP：软件开发计划（software development plan）Security testing : 安全性测试security testing：安全性测试security.：（信息）安全性serviceability testing：可服务性测试Severity : 严重性Shipment : 发布simple subpath：简单子路径Simulation : 模拟Simulator : 模拟器SLA(Service level agreement): 服务级别协议SLA：服务级别协议（service level agreement）Smoke testing : 冒烟测试Software development plan(SDP): 软件开发计划Software development process: 软件开发过程software development process：软件开发过程software diversity：软件多样性software element：软件元素software engineering environment：软件工程环境software engineering：软件工程Software life cycle : 软件生命周期source code：源代码source statement：源语句Specification : 规格说明书specified input：指定的输入spiral model ：螺旋模型SQAP SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURENCE PLAN 软件质量保证计划SQL：结构化查询语句（structured query language）Staged Delivery：分布交付方法state diagram：状态图state transition testing ：状态转换测试state transition：状态转换state：状态Statement coverage : 语句覆盖statement testing：语句测试statement：语句Static Analysis：静态分析Static Analyzer：静态分析器Static Testing：静态测试statistical testing：统计测试Stepwise refinement : 逐步优化storage testing：存储测试Stress Testing : 压力测试structural coverage：结构化覆盖structural test case design：结构化测试用例设计structural testing：结构化测试structured basis testing：结构化的基础测试structured design：结构化设计structured programming：结构化编程structured walkthrough：结构化走读stub：桩sub-area：子域Summary：总结SVVP SOFTWARE Vevification&Validation PLAN：软件验证和确认计划symbolic evaluation：符号评价symbolic execution:参考符号执行symbolic execution：符号执行symbolic trace：符号轨迹Synchronization : 同步Syntax testing : 语法分析system analysis：系统分析System design : 系统设计system integration：系统集成System Testing : 系统测试TTC TEST CASE 测试用例TCS TEST CASE SPECIFICATION 测试用例规格说明TDS TEST DESIGN SPECIFICATION 测试设计规格说明书technical requirements testing：技术需求测试Test : 测试test automation：测试自动化Test case : 测试用例test case design technique：测试用例设计技术test case suite：测试用例套test comparator：测试比较器test completion criterion：测试完成标准test coverage:测试覆盖Test design : 测试设计Test driver : 测试驱动test environment:测试环境test execution technique:测试执行技术test execution:测试执行test generator:测试生成器test harness:测试用具Test infrastructure : 测试基础建设test log:测试日志test measurement technique:测试度量技术Test Metrics :测试度量test procedure:测试规程test records:测试记录test report:测试报告Test scenario : 测试场景Test Script:测试脚本Test Specification:测试规格Test strategy : 测试策略test suite:测试套Test target : 测试目标Test ware : 测试工具Testability : 可测试性testability:可测试性Testing bed : 测试平台Testing coverage : 测试覆盖Testing environment : 测试环境Testing item : 测试项Testing plan : 测试计划Testing procedure : 测试过程Thread testing : 线程测试time sharing:时间共享time-boxed : 固定时间TIR test incident report 测试事故报告ToolTip:控件提示或说明top-down testing:自顶向下测试TPS TEST PEOCESS SPECIFICATION 测试步骤规格说明Traceability : 可跟踪性traceability analysis:跟踪性分析traceability matrix:跟踪矩阵Trade-off : 平衡transaction:事务/处理transaction volume：交易量transform analysis:事务分析trojan horse:特洛伊木马truth table:真值表TST TEST SUMMARY REPORT 测试总结报告Tune System : 调试系统TW TEST WARE :测试件UUsability Testing:可用性测试Usage scenario : 使用场景User acceptance Test : 用户验收测试User database :用户数据库User interface(UI) : 用户界面User profile : 用户信息User scenario : 用户场景VV&V (Verification & Validation) : 验证&确认validation :确认verification :验证version :版本Virtual user : 虚拟用户volume testing:容量测试VSS（visual source safe）：VTP Verification TEST PLAN验证测试计划VTR Verification TEST REPORT验证测试报告WWalkthrough : 走读Waterfall model : 瀑布模型White box testing : 白盒测试Work breakdown structure (WBS) : 任务分解结构ZZero bug bounce (ZBB) : 零错误反弹。
实验室专业术语中英文翻译对照
实验室专业术语中英文翻译对照实验室是科学研究和实践的重要场所。
在实验室中，专业术语的准确理解和正确翻译对于顺利进行实验工作至关重要。
本文将为大家介绍一些实验室中常见的专业术语及其中英文翻译对照。
1. 试剂 (Reagent)试剂是实验室中常用的化学物质，用于进行实验操作和测试。
常见的试剂有溶液、固体试剂、气体试剂等。
2. 试管 (Test tube)试管是实验室中常见的小型圆柱形容器，通常用玻璃制成，用于容纳和混合试剂进行反应或者进行小规模试验。
3. 显微镜 (Microscope)显微镜是实验室中用于放大显微观察样本的设备。
它能够放大细胞、细菌等微小物质，帮助科学家进行研究和观察。
4. 数据 (Data)数据是实验中所获得的信息和观测结果。
实验数据通常使用数字或图表的形式记录下来，用于后续的分析和解释。
5. 实验步骤 (Experimental procedure)实验步骤是进行实验时所执行的一系列操作和程序。
它包括实验前的准备、实验中的步骤和实验后的处理等。
6. 样品 (Sample)样品是实验中所使用的具有代表性的物质，用于测试、观察或者分析。
样品可以是固体、液体或者气体。
7. 浓度 (Concentration)浓度指的是一个溶液中溶质的含量。
常见的浓度单位有摩尔/升、毫摩尔/升等。
8. 平台 (Platform)平台是实验室仪器设备的工作表面，用于放置实验材料、试剂和仪器。
9. 温度 (Temperature)温度是一个物体分子热运动程度的量度。
在实验室中，温度的控制对于保证实验的精确性和可重复性非常重要。
10. 反应器 (Reactor)反应器是用于进行化学反应的装置。
它通常由玻璃或者金属制成，具有耐腐蚀和耐高温的性能。
11. 计时器 (Timer)计时器是用于测量时间的设备，用于监控实验的反应时间和持续时间。
12. 加热器 (Heater)加热器是实验室中常见的设备，用于提供热源，加热溶液或样品，促进化学反应的进行。
软件测试术语中英文对照
Acceptance testing 验收测试Accessibility 可接近性Active or open 激活状态Adaptability 适应性Ad-hoc Test 随机测试Architecture 体系结构Audit 审核Auditor 审核员Auditor qualifications 审核员资格Availability 可用性Behavioral test 行为测试Baseline 基线Black-box test 黑盒测试Bottom-up integration 自底向上集成Boundary condition 边界条件Bug 缺陷Bug crawl 缺陷评审会议Build 软件构建包Capability 能力Capacity test 容量测试Certification 认证Change control 变更控制管理CCB，Change Control Bard 变更控制委员会Characteristic 特性Close or inactive 关闭或非激活状态Closure period 修复周期Code audit 代码审计Code completed 代码完成Code freeze 代码冻结Code inspection 代码审查Code walk —through 代码走查Cohesion 内聚度Compatibility 兼容性Compile 编译Complexity 复杂性Component testing 组件测试Comfirmation tests 确认测试Configuration management 配置管理Conformity 合格（符合）Congruent 一致性Continual improvement 持续改进Corrective action 纠正措施Coupling 耦合度Coverage 覆盖率Criteria 准则、指标Critical bug 严重的缺陷Customer satisfaction 顾客满意度C/S, Client/Server 客户端/服务器（机构）Data dictionary 数据字典Data structure 数据结构Data flow testing 数据流测试Debugging 调试Defect 缺陷Delivery 交付Dependability 可信性Design and development 设计与开发Design specification 设计规格说明Development life cycle 开发生存周期Deviation permit 偏离许可Distributed testing 分布式测试Document 文件Effectiveness 有效性Efficiency 效率Encapsulation 封装Entry criteria 进入标准Error seeding 错误播种Error，faults and failures 错误、缺陷与失效Escalate 向上呈交Evaluation 评价评估Exit criteria 退出标准Experience of quality 质量体验Exploratory testing 探索性测试Failure 失效Fatal bug 致命的缺陷Fault injection 错误注入Fault of omission 遗漏缺陷Feasible coverage 可行覆盖率Feature 产品特性Fidelity 逼真度Field-reported bug 现场报告缺陷First customer ship 首位客户送货Fixed or resolved 已修正状态Flexibility 灵活性FMEA 失效模型和效果分析Functional specification 产品功能规格说明书Functional tests 功能测试Functionality 功能性GA 通用有效性Grade 等级Ideal fault condition 理想缺陷条件Identifier 标识符Information 信息Infrastructure 基础设施Implementation requirement 实现需求Input 输入Inspection 检验Integration testing 集成测试Interoperability 互操作性Isolation 隔离Log file 记录文件Maintainable 可维护性Major bug 一般的缺陷Management 管理Management system 管理体系Measurement control system 测量控制体系Measurement process 测量进程Metrological characteristic 计量特性Metrological confirmation 计量确认Metrological function 计量职能Milestone 里程碑Minor bug 微小的缺陷Modified Top-down integration 改进的自顶向下集成Modularity 模块性Module 模块MTBF 失效平均时间MTTR 平均维修时间Necessity condition 必要性条件Nest 嵌套Objective evidence 客观证据Organizational structure 组织机构Orthogonal 正交Output 输出Peer review 同级评审Performance test 性能测试Pilot testing 引导测试Preventive action 预防措施Priority 优先权Procedure 程序过程Program specification 概要说明Process 过程Product 产品Project 项目Qualification process 鉴定过程Quality assurance 质量保证Quality characteristic 质量特性Quality control 质量控制Quality improvement 质量改进Quality management 质量管理Quality manual 质量手册Quality metric 质量度量Quality Objective 质量目标Quality plan 质量计划Quality panning 质量策划Quality policy 质量方针Record 记录Recovery testing 恢复测试Regression 回归Regression tests 回归测试Regression test gap 回归测试间距Release 产品发布Reliability 可靠性Reporting logs 报告日志Requirement 要求Reusability 可重用性复用率Review 评审Risk 风险Root cause 根本原因Scalability 可扩展性Script 脚本Security 安全性保密性Security testing 安全性测试Service manageability 可维护性Severity 严重性SDLC，Software Development Life Cycle 软件开发生命周期Software development process 软件开发进程Software engineering 软件功能Specification（spec）规范Stability 稳定性Standard combining rules 标准组合规则Stress testing 负载（压力）测试Structured programming 结构化成程序设计Structural test 结构测试Stub 桩模块System testing 系统测试Test automation 测试自动化Test case 测试用例Test case library 测试用例库Test casually 随机测试Test coverage 测试覆盖Test environment 测试环境Test phase 测试阶段Test platform 测试平台Test specification 测试规格说明Test suite 测试包测试套件Test system 测试系统Test to fail 基于失效的测试Test to pass 基于通过的测试Test tool 测试工具Testability 可测试性Tolerance test 容错测试Traceability 可追溯性Unit testing 单元测试Usability 可用性Validation 确认Verification 验证Version 版本White-box tests 白盒测试Walk-throuth 走查。
QC常用单词-中英对照
QC常用单词-中英对照介绍这篇文档是为了方便质量控制人员〔Quality Control, QC〕在工作中使用而编写的。
在质量控制的过程中，我们经常会遇到一些常用的单词，这些单词在中英文之间的对照对我们的工作非常有帮助。
本文档将列出一些常用的QC单词，并提供它们的中英对照，希望能对大家有所帮助。
QC常用单词列表及对照下面是一些常用的QC单词及其中英对照：1.产品〔Product〕2.测试〔Test〕3.缺陷〔Defect〕4.报告〔Report〕5.标准〔Specification〕6.标准〔Standard〕7.检查〔Check〕8.方案〔Plan〕9.测试用例〔Test Case〕10.可靠性〔Reliability〕11.准确性〔Accuracy〕12.效率〔Efficiency〕13.可用性〔Usability〕14.可维护性〔Maintainability〕15.平安性〔Security〕16.可重复性〔Repeatability〕17.测试数据〔Test Data〕18.异常〔Exception〕19.验证〔Validation〕20.验收〔Acceptance〕除了以上列出的单词，还有很多其他的单词也非常常用，希望大家在实际工作中能遇到更多的常用单词，并对它们的中英对照有更多的了解。
总结质量控制是软件开发过程中非常重要的一个环节，QC人员需要掌握一些专业的术语和常用单词。
本文档提供了一些常用的QC单词及其中英对照，希望对大家在工作中有所帮助。
同时也希望大家能不断学习和积累，提高自己的专业水平。
如果在实际工作中遇到了其他常用单词，也可以将它们添加到这个列表中，以便与大家共享。
谢谢大家阅读本文档！参考资料无。
软件测试行业常用专业术语中英文对照
软件测试行业常用专业术语中英文对照一、按测试类型1冒烟测试smoke testing2功能测试functional testing3UI测试user interface testing4性能测试performance testing5自动化测试automated testing6压力测试stress testing7负载测试load testing8并发测试concurrency testing9单元测试unit test10集成测试integration test11系统测试system test12验收测试acceptance testing13回归测试regression testing14alpha测试a lpha testing（非公司内部用户在公司内部的模拟环境中测试）15gamma测试gamma testing（用户在实际使用环境中测试，开发者不在现场，又名现场测试）16黑盒测试black box testing17白盒测试white box testing18灰盒测试gray box testing19随机测试ad-hoc test20兼容性测试compatibility testing21本地化测试localizational testing22国际化测试international testing23可移植性测试portability testing24引导测试pilot testing25安装测试installation testing26文档测试documentation testing27配置测试configuration test28可靠性测试reliability test29容量测试volume test30安全性测试security test31探索性测试exploratory test 32增量测试incremental test33接口测试interface testing34 互操作性测试interoperability testing 35维护测试maintenance testing36健壮性测试robustness testing37静态测试static testing38敏捷测试agile testing39自底向上测试bottom -up testing 40穷尽测试exhaustive testing41确认测试confirmation testing42一致性测试conformance testing二、按测试过程1 需求规格说明software requirementsspecification2测试规格说明test specification3阶段测试计划phase test plan4测试计划test plan5测试套件test suit6语句覆盖statement coverage7判定覆盖decision coverage8测试案例test case9 需求矩阵requirement trackingmatrix10入口准则entry criteria11出口准则exit criteria12预期结果expected outcome13实际结果actual outcome14正式评审formal review15非正式评审informal review16事件日志incident logging17输入input18输出output19结果outcome20基线baseline21模块module22运行环境operational environment23优先级priority24交付物deliverable25评审人reviewer26测试周期test circle27测试数据test data28测试环境test environment29测试执行test execution30测试项test item31测试监控test monitoring32测试对象test object33测试报告test report34测试脚本test script35测试策略test strategy36客户端client37服务器server38浏览器browser三、按bug相关1缺陷bug2缺陷报告bug report3错误error4代码code5条件condition6缺陷跟踪defeat tracking7通过pass8失败failed9内存泄漏memory leak10路径path11风险risk12崩溃crush13调试debug14部署deployment15异常exception四、按工具类1回放replay2因果图cause - effect graph3编译器compiler4配置管理工具configurationmanagement tool5每日构建daily build6错误推测erro guessing7结构化查询语句structured query language其它1能力成熟度模型capability maturity model2质量控制quality control3质量保证quality assurance。
测试仪器术语中英文对照(仅供参考)
测量仪器中英文低温试验箱（0~-40°C）Low Temp. Tank(-40°C)电热恒温干燥箱Constant Temp. Oven旋转老化箱Oven高温压力试验Apparatus for Pressure at high-temp.拉力测验机Tensile Tester球压装置Ball Pressure Tester防水试验箱Waterproof Test House绝缘电阻测试仪Insulation Resistance Tester漏电起痕试验仪Dielectric Tester精密电子秤Precision Electronics Balance耐压测试仪Hi-pot Tester功率表Power tester温度计Tem. Recorder垂直燃烧装置Flammability Testing Apparatus突拉试验机Tensile Tester弯曲试验机Apparatus for Bending at low-temp.冲击仪Apparatus for Impacting at low-temp.针焰试验仪Needle-flame Tester灼热丝试验仪Glow Wire Tester恒温水槽Water Tank with Temp.-controlled曲挠试验机Tensile & Elongation Tester滚筒试验仪Tumble Tester耐印字擦拭仪Marking Durability tester测量显微镜Measurement Microscope稳压电源Power Supply弯折试验机Flexing Apparatus自动温度记录表Auto Temp. RecorderSHORE A硬度计Hardness Tester。
测试常用英文描述
Aesthetic Defects For Soft Toy Outfit Shrinkage 公仔縮水Outfit Fade 公仔衫褐色Poor Cutting 裁剪不良Uneven Shape 形狀不對稱Poor Sewing 車縫不良Poor Stitching 手縫不良High Dense Stitch 車縫太密Low Dense Stitch 車縫太疏Seam Allowance Expose 紙口外露Seam Open 縫口爆開Poor Marrowing 車骨不良Missing Marrowing 漏車骨Jumping Stitches 跳針Stitching Hole 針孔Puckdr 縫邊皺起Outfit Unfit 衫不合身Sewing Machinery Mark 衣車靴痕Poor Embroidery 繡織花不良Thread Untrimmed 未剪線Long Loosen Thread 長線頭Velcro Detach 魔術貼甩Material Run 走紗Material Torn 物料爛Over Stuffing 入棉過多Under Stuffing 入棉過少Uneven Stuffing 入棉不不平均Stuffing Expose 棉外露Pile Trapped By Seam 毛夾於縫口Thread Trapped By Seam 線夾於縫口Bald Spot 露頭皮Color Migration 顔色轉移Color Mismatch 顔色不配Color Deviation 顔色有偏差Fabric Texture Mismatch 布料組織不對Ribbon Cut End Fray 絲帶散口Material Rfray 物料散口Poor Plushing 織毛不良Poor Brushing 梳毛不良/梳發不良Poor Hair Cutting 頭發修剪不良Poor Hair Styling 髮型不良Poor Flocking 植毛不良Poor Hot Stamping 熱熨不良Functional Defects For General Toy Cannot Hold Position 不能保持位置Cannot Free Roll 不能轉動順暢Screw Stripping 螺絲打滑Toy Cannot Stand 不能直立Missing Clicking Sound 沒有"滴答"聲Intermittent Non-Function 間歇無功能Poor Function 功能不良Mal-Function 其中某一功能不良Non-Function 無功能Safety Defects For General ToySharp Point 利角Sharp Edge 利邊blister detach吸塑分离Blister poor heat sealing吸塑不良J-hook wrinkle挂钩皱Gift box unseal彩盒未封口Gift box deform彩盒变形Missing part漏部件Window box film dunage彩盒胶窗烂polybag shrinkage胶袋缩水Defect Description For Roto Casting ToyRoto Parts Under Weight 搪膠過輕Roto Parts Over Weight 搪過重Failed Acetone Curing Test 失膠Roto Parts Too Hard 搪膠過硬Roto Parts Too Soft 搪膠過軟Over Curing(Color Yellowish) 搪膠過火Excessive Flash 披鋒Irregular Thickness 厚簿不均Defect Description For E/L Toy Contact Plate Rust 電池生銹Contact Plate Came Off 電池片松脫Contact Plate Loosed 電池片松Wire Expose 電線外露Wire Detach 電線甩掉Poor Soldering 焊錫不螂Battery Contact Spring Exposed 電池彈簧凸出Battery Contact Spring Came Off 電池彈松Poor Contact 接觸不良Sound Too Loud 聲音太大Sound Small 聲音太細Short Circuit 斷電路Distorted Sound/Sound Distortion 雜音Abnormal Sound 不正常聲音No Sound 無聲Light Bulb Without Light 燈泡無光Safety Defects For E/L ToySharp Point At Coil Sharp Contact 電苡圈片尖點Sharp Edge At Contact Plate 電芯片過利u nder plating电镀不足玩具产品疵点方面疵点：Defect/Fault经柳：Streaky Warp断经：Broken End急经：Right End粗纬：Coarse Picks粗经：Coarse End断纬：Broken Picks纬斜：Skewing/Slope横档：Filling Bar污迹：Stain/Dirt异型丝：Goat/Foreing Yarn破洞：Hole色花：Shade Variation/Color Difference/Color Diviation色柳：Color Stripe渗色：Color Bleeding褪色：Color Fading/Discolor擦伤：Scratch/Barasion/Winch Mark松板印：Moire Effects折痕：Crease Mark污染：comtamination外来昆虫：foreign insects材料Main Material(主料类)1) A纱：BoA2) 边伦布：Nylex, tricot3) T/C布：T/C4) 牛仔布：Jean5) 尼龙布：Nylon6) 长毛绒：Hi-pile7) 针织布：Meryas8) 格织布：Checker9) 绸布：Trilobal10) 剪毛布：Velboa11) PU皮革：PU Leather12) V纱：Vonnel13) 色丁布：Satin14) 人造丝：Rayon15) 植绒布：Flocking16) 塔夫绸水洗皱布：taffeta17) 戟绒布：Felt18) 蜜丝绒：Velour19) 毛巾布：Towerlling20) 卷毛布：TumblingSub Material(辅料类)1 眼睛：Eye2 眼纸朴：Eye Patch3 鼻子：Nose4 介子：Washer5 线：Thread6 海棉：Sponge7 喷胶棉：Padding/Batting8 丝印：Silk-Screen9 刺绣：Embroidery10 丝带：Satin Ribbon11 绳子：String12 织带：Webbing13 商标,布唛：Label14 贴纸：Sticker15 扣子：Button16 胡须线：Mono Filment17 橡筋：Elastic18 棉花：Fiber19 手指套：Finger Puppet20 手套：Hand Puppet21 脚（双脚）：Foot（Feet）22 鞋：Shoes23 牙齿(金牙)：Tooth（Teeth）24 花边：Lace25 头：Head26 帽子：Hat/Cap27 丝结：Neck Bow28 关节：Joint29 拉链：Zipper Teeth拉链齿Zipper Pull拉链牌32 BB叫：Squeaker33 吊牌：Hang Tag34 胶袋：Poly Bag35 纸箱：Carton Box36 松紧带：Elastic Band37 铃铛：Bell38 横头卡：Header-card39 背卡：Backer-Card40 彩盒：Display-Box41 胶针：Plastic Pin42 挂钩：Hanger43 吊环：Loop原料方面涤纶：PLOYESTER锦纶：NYLON/POLYAMIDE醋酸：ACETATE棉；COTTON人棉：RAYON人丝：VISCOSE仿真丝：IMITATED SILK FABRIC真丝：SILK氨纶：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA长丝：FILAMENT短纤：SPUN黑丝：BLACK YARN阳离子：CATION三角异形丝：TRIANGLE PROFILE空气变形丝：AIR-JET TEXTURING YARN超细纤维： MICRO – FIBRIC全拉伸丝：FDY（FULL DRAWN YARN）预取向丝：POY（PREORIENTED YARN）拉伸变形丝：DTY（DRAW TEXTURED YARN）牵伸加捻丝：DT （DRWW TWIST）玩具产品检验及标准方面质量标准： QUALITY STANDARD （OEKO-TEX STANDARD100、ISO9002、SGS、ITS、AATCC、M&S）客检：CUSTOMER INSPECTION台板检验：TABLE INSPECTION经向检验：LAMP INSPECTION色牢度：COLOR FASTNESS皂洗色牢度： WASHING COLOR FASTNESS摩擦色牢度：RUBBING/CRICKING COLOR FASTNESS光照色牢度：LIGHT COLOR FASTNESS汗渍色牢度：PERSPIRATION COLOR FASTNESS水渍色牢度： WATER COLOR FASTNESS氯漂白色牢度：CHLORINE BLEACH COLOR FASTNESS尺寸稳定性：DIMENSIONAL STABILITY外观持久性：APPEARANCE RETENTION拉伸强度：TENSILE STRENGTH撕破强度：TEAR STRENGTH接缝滑裂：SEAM SLIPPAGE抗起毛起球性：PILLING RESISTANCE 耐磨性：ABRASION RESISTANCE拒水性：WATER REPELLENCY抗水性：WATER RESISTANCE织物密度：THREAD PER INCH/STICH DENSITY纱支：YARN COUNT克重：WEIGHT重金属：Heavy Elements偶氮：Azo Dyes邻笨二甲酸盐：Phthalate甲醛：Formaldehyde双酚：BPA跌落测试:Drop Test小物件：Small Part燃烧测试：Flammability Test拉力测试：Tension Test扭力测试：Torque test咬力测试：Bite Test玩具常用中英文名称对照表Toy 玩具Electronic Toys 电动玩具Plastic Toys 塑料玩具Intelligence Toys 益智玩具Staff Toys 毛绒玩具Stuffed Toy 填充玩具Fancy Toy 益智玩具Dolls 娃娃Outdoor Leisure 户外娱乐Handicrafts 手工艺品Soft Toys 软体类玩具Capsule Toys 扭蛋Shokugan 食玩Action Figure 可动人形Designer Toys 潮流玩具Vinyl Toy 搪胶玩具Brick 积木人Garage Kits 首版Military Figure 兵人Bauble 小玩意儿game 游戏rag baby 娃娃玩具peashooter 玩具枪water gun 玩具水枪minicar 玩具车teddy bear 玩具熊dollhouse 玩具小屋popgun 玩具枪meccano 组合玩具marble 弹球trainset 小火车plasticene 橡皮泥meccano 组合玩具marble 弹球trainset 小火车plasticene 橡皮泥yo-yo 悠悠diabolo 空竹marbles 弹球frisbee飞盘rocking horse 摇摆木马tumbler不倒翁dodgem car 碰碰车kite 风筝balloon 气球pinwheel纸风车crayons蜡笔hula hoop 呼啦圈rubber ball 小皮球jigsaw puzzle 拼图hobbyhorse木马rattles摇铃hand-held toys手持玩具close to ear toys近耳玩具squeeze toys挤压玩具pull-along toys拖拉玩具push toys手推玩具percussion toys敲击玩具wind toys口动发声玩具cap-firing toys火药帽玩具voice toys语音玩具die cast合金部分面料名称对照里料：Lining面料：Fabric平纹：Taffeta斜纹：Twill缎面：Satin / Charmeuse绡：Lustrine提花：Jacquard烂花：Burnt-Out春亚纺：Pongee格子：Check条子：Stripe双层： Double – Layer双色： Two – Tone花瑶：Faille高士宝：Koshibo雪纺：Chiffon乔其：Georgette塔丝隆：Taslon弹力布：Spandex/Elastic/Strec/Lycra牛仔布：Jeanet牛津布：Oxford 帆布：Cambric涤棉：P/C 涤捻：T/R 白条纺：White Stripe黑条纺：Black Stripe空齿纺：Empty Stripe水洗绒/桃皮绒：Peach Skin卡丹绒：Peach Twill绉绒：Peach Moss玻璃纱：Organdy染料方面碱性染料：Basic Dyes酸性染料：Acid Dyes活性染料：Reactive Dyes分散染料：Disperse Dyes阳离子染料：Cation Dyes还原染料：Vat Dyes直接染料：Direct Dyes硫化染料：Sulphur Dyes非偶氮染料：Azo Free Dyes产品款式类(Style)：1 站式动物：Standing Animal2 座式动物：Sitting Animal3 手套玩偶款：Hand Puppet4 吸盘款：Suction Cup5 匙扣款：Key-Chain6 硬币包：Coin Purse7 笔盒：Pencil Case8 背包：Backpack9 手袋：Hand Bag10 枕头：Cushion11 拖鞋：Slipper12 毛巾挂件款：Towel Hanger13 围巾：Scarf14 头饰（马尾）款：Hair Set (Ponytail)15 帽子款：Hat,Cap16 手套：Gloves17 书套：Book Covers18 手机套：Cell Phone Covers19 吸石款：Magnet20 手腕+硬币包款：Waist Band+Coin Purse21 钱箱款：Coin Case22 纸巾套款：Tissue Box23 相架款：Photo Frame Holder24 洗澡用系列款式：Bathe Series25 投掷怪叫款：Slammers26 笔头套款：Pen Top27 书签套款：Book Mark28 糖果袋款：Candy Toys玩具贸易英语第一期:General Terms1.establishing business relation-建立业务关系2. inquiry-询盘3. offer-报盘4. counter offer-还盘5. quantity-数量6. packing-包装7. time of shipment-装运期8. price-价格9. discount-折扣10. terms of payment-支付条款11. insurance-保险12. commodity inspection-商品检验13. acceptance-接受14. signing a contract-签订合同15. claim-索赔16. agency-代理17. commission-佣金18. exclusive sales-包销19. joint venture-合资企业20. compensation trade-补偿贸易21.processing and assembling trade-加工装配贸易22.the terms of international trade-国际贸易术语第二期:Establishing business relation 建立业务关系1. recommendation 推荐、介绍2. inform 通知3.enter into business relations建立业务关系4. catalogue 目录5. for your reference 供您参考6. specific inquiry 具体询价7. promptly 立即8. representative 代表9. chamber of commerce 商会10. specialize in 专营11.on the bases of equality and mutual benefit 在平等互利的基础上12. pamphlet 小册子13. a range of 一套14. make offers 报价15.import and export corporation进出口公司16. silk 丝绸17. cotton piece goods 棉布18. blouse 女衬衫19. be of the latest style 最新式样20. financial position 财务状况21. trade reputation 贸易声誉22. on display 展出23. woolen knitwear 毛织品24. garment 服装25. meet with great favor 受欢迎26. credit standing 信用地位27. state-operated 国营的28.currency,Chinese currency,British currency 货币，中国货币，英国货币29. investment 投资30. a long-term investment 长期投资31.a profitable investment有利可得的投资32.a safe and sure investment安全可靠的投资33. a heavy investment 巨额投资34. investment intent 投资意向35. investment partner 投资伙伴36. direct investment 直接投资37. investment environment 投资环境38. investor 投资者39. enterprise 企业40. joint venture enterprise 合资企业41. cooperative enterprise 合作企业42.exclusively foreign-owned enterprise 外商独资企业43. state-owned enterprise 国营企业44.collectively-owned enterprise集体企业45.individually owned enterprise个体企业第三期: inquiry 询盘1. general inquiry 一般询盘2. specific inquiry 具体询盘3. dealer 商人4. quotation 报价5. sales department 销售部6. purchase 购买7. enquiry 询价8. quote 开价9. sample 样品10. a long-term contractt 长期合同11. discount 折扣12. grant 批准13.to make an inquiry for sth对某物询价14.to keep the inquiry on file把询价记录在卷15. to inquiry for sth 对某物询价16. to inquiry about sth 询问某事17. process 加工18. guarantee, guarantor 保证, 保证人19. delivery 交货20. port of delivery 交货港21. time of delivery 交货期22. prompt delivery 即期交货23. to effect delivery 办理交货24. to make delivery 办理交货25. to postpone delivery 推迟交货26.to deliver sth to sb把某物交付给某人27. shipment 装船28. to make shipment 装船29. to receive shipment 接货30. partial shipment 分批装船31. prompt shipment 即期装运32. time of shipment 装运期33. offer 报盘报价34. a firm offer 实盘35. a counter offer 还盘36. to accept an offer 接受报盘37. to extend an offer 延长报盘38. to renew an offer 更新报盘39. to withdraw an offer 撤消报盘40. the validity of an offer 报盘有效期41. to make an offer 报价42. to offer firm 报实盘43.to offer subject to final confirmation 报盘以最后确认为准44. specialize in 专门经营第四期:Counter offer 还盘1. counter offer 还盘2. enjoy great popularity 享有盛誉3.ready seller;quick seller;quick-selling product 畅销品4.conclude business with sb.与某人达成交易5.close business,close a deal,close a transaction, close a bargain 达成交易6. trade terms 贸易条件7. trade agreement 贸易协定8. trade fair 交易会9. trade mark 商标10. foreign trade对外贸易11 trade in sth 经营某物12. trade with sb.与某人交易13. favourable price 优惠价格14. favourable terms 优惠条件15. quotation 行情16. discount quotation 贴现行情17. exchange rate quotation外汇行情18. commission 佣金19.a commission of....%;....% commission.百分之几佣金20.your..%commission你的百分之几佣金21.The above price includes your commission of2%.上述价格包括你方2%佣金.22. general practice 惯例23. accept an order 接受订单24. cancel an order 撤消订单25. confirm an order 确认订单26. execute an order 履行订单27. a back order 尚未执行的订单28. a fresh order 新订单29. a repeat order 续订订单第五期:Quantity 数量1. weight 重量2. metric ton 公吨3. long ton 长吨4. short ton 短吨5. kilogram, kilo, kg 公斤6. pound, lb 磅7. ounce, oz 盎司8. number 个数9. piece 件10. pair 双11 dozen 打12. ream 令13. set 套14. length 长度15. area 面积16. volume 体积17. cubic meter 立方米18. capacity 容积19. litre 升20. gallon 加仑21. bushel 蒲式耳22. metric system 公制23. british system 英制24. U.S.System 美制25. gross weight 毛重26. net weight 净重27. shipping weight 装运重量28. landed weight 卸货重量29. theoretical weight 理论重量第六期: Packing 包装1. packaging 包装方法2. blister packing 起泡包装3. neutral packing 中性包装4. skin packing 吸塑包装5. hanging packing 挂式包装6. catch sb's eye 引某人注目7. mark 唛头8. unlabelled packing 无牌的包装9. in bulk 散装10. in loose packing 散装11 nude packing 裸装12. bulk pack 整批包装13. consumer pack 零售包装14. large packing 大包装15.inner packing,external packing,end packing 小包装16. shrunk packaging, 压缩包装17. foam-spary packaging 喷泡沫包装18. gift-wrap 礼品包装19. bag, sack 袋20. jute bag 麻袋21. polythelene bag, plastic bag 塑料袋22. polythelene net 尼龙绳网袋23. zippered bag 拉链袋24. case, chest 箱25. box 盒26. wooden case 木箱27. carton 纸箱28. container 集装箱29. rate 板条箱30. fibre board case 纤维板箱第七期: Packing(二) 包装1. packet 小包2. bale 包3. bundle 捆4. tin , can 罐头5. basket 篮，篓，筐6. bamboo basket 竹篓7. bottle 瓶8. wooden keg 小木桶9. hogshead 大桶10. iron drum 铁桶11 cylinder 铁桶12. barrel 琵琶桶13. drum 圆桶14. waterproof paper 防水纸15. cellophone 玻璃纸16. kraftpaper 牛皮纸17. canvas 帆布18. fibreboard 纤维板19. nylon strap 尼龙腰子20. plastic strap 塑料腰子21. adhesive tape 胶带22. stuffing material 填料23. nylon plastic 尼龙丝24. fermented plastic 泡沫塑料25. paper scrap 纸屑26. saw dust 木屑27. tar paper 沥青纸28. wax paper 蜡纸29. slushing compound 润滑油30. tarpaulin 油布、防水帆布第八期:Shipment 装运1. backlog 积压而未交付的订货2. terms of shipment 装运条件3. prepare goods 备货4. load 装货5. unload 卸货6. board 木板，板，船舷7. on board 在船（或车、飞机）上8. steamer 轮船9. space of a steamer舱位10. shipping department 运输部门11 liner 班轮，班机12. book up （票、车位、舱位等）订完13. tranship 转运14. transhipment 转载15. Force Majeure 人力不可抗力16.European Main Ports--EMPs欧洲主要口岸17. vessel 船；飞船；飞机18.the first available vessel第一艘可订到的船19. call at 停泊20. duly 按期地，按时的第九期: Price 价格1. Price terms 价格条件2. bargain 讨价还价3. currency 货币4. on the low side 价格偏低5. market price 市场价6. current price 现行价7. floor price 底价8. make a bargain with sb 与某人成交9.drive a hard bargain over sth.为某事拼命讨价还价10. a bargain sale 廉价出售11. rock-bottom price 最低价12. F.O.B 船上交货13. C.I.F. 成本加保险费，运费价14. CFR 成本加运费价Establishing business relation建立业务关系(1)C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价(2) T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇(3) D/P(document against payment)付款交单(4)D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单(5) C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证(6)G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制(7) CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱(8) PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等(9) DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元(10) DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打(11) PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等(12) WT(weight)重量(13) G.W.(gross weight)毛重(14) N.W.(net weight)净重(15) C/D (customs declaration)报关单(16) EA(each)每个，各(17) W (with)具有(18) W/O(without)没有(19) FAC(facsimile)传真(20) IMP(import)进口(21) EXP（export)出口(22) MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的(23) MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度(24) M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的(25) M/V（merchant vessel)商船(26) S.S(steamship)船运(27) MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨(28) DOC (document)文件、单据(29) INT（international)国际的(30) P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表(31) INV (invoice)发票(32) PCT (percent)百分比(33) REF （reference)参考、查价(34) EMS （express mail special)特快传递(35) STL.(style)式样、款式、类型(36) T或LTX或TX(telex)电传(37) RMB（renminbi)人民币(38) S/M （shipping marks)装船标记(39) PR或PRC(price) 价格(40) PUR (purchase)购买、购货(41) S/C（sales contract)销售确认书(42) L/C （letter of credit)信用证(43) B/L （bill of lading)提单(44) FOB （free on board)离岸价(45)CIF（cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价主要贸易术语/主要船务术语(1) FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人(2) FAS (Free Alongside Ship) 装运港船边交货(3) FOB (Free on Board) 装运港船上交货(4) CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费(5)CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险费加运费(6) CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至目的地(7)CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid To)运费、保险费付至目的地(8) DAF (Delivered At Frontier) 边境交货(9) DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货(10) DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) 目的港码头交货(11) DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) 未完税交货(12) DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货主要船务术语简写：(1)ORC(Origen Recevie Charges)本地收货费用（广东省收取）(2)THC(Terminal Handling Charges)码头操作费（香港收取）(3)BAF(Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费(4)CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费(5) YAS (Yard Surcharges)码头附加费(6)EPS(Equipment Position Surcharges)设备位置附加费(7)DDC(Destination Delivery Charges)目的港交货费(8) PSS (Peak Season Sucharges) 旺季附加费(9)PCS(Port Congestion Surcharge)港口拥挤附加费(10) DOC (DOcument charges) 文件费(11) O/F (Ocean Freight) 海运费(12) B/L (Bill of Lading) 海运提单(13)MB/L(Master Bill of Lading)船东单（或OCEAN BILL OFLADING）(14)MTD(Multimodal Transport Document)多式联运单据(15) L/C (Letter of Credit) 信用证(16) C/O (Certificate of Origin) 产地证(17)S/C(Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract）销售合同(18) S/O (Shipping Order)装货指示书(19)W/T(Weight Ton)重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费）(20)M/T(Measurement Ton)尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）(21)W/M(Weight or Measurement ton)即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费(22) CY (Container Yard) 集装箱（货柜）堆场(23) FCL (Full Container Load) 整箱货(24)LCL(Less than Container Load)拼箱货（散货）(25)CFS(Container Freight Station)集装箱货运站(26)TEU(Twenty-feet Equivalent Units)20英尺换算单位（用来计算货柜量的多少）(27)A/W(All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(28)MLB(Mini Land Bridge)小陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(29)NVOCC(Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier) 无船承运人。
软件测试中英文术语对照表
Criterio n）的要求
Bebuggi ng
错误散播
Error Seedi ng
Behavior
行为
组件或系统对输入值的预置条件的反应
Ben chmark Test
基准测试
（1）为使系统或组件能够进行度量和比较而制 定的一种测试标准；（2）用于组件或系统之间 进行的比较，或和（1）中提到的标准进行比较 的测试（与IEEE610—致）
Analysis）、编译（Compilation）、软件产品或应 用文档的使用等。参见Defect、Deviation、
Error、Fault、Failure、Incident、Problem
Arc Test ing
弧测试
Branch Test ing
Attractive ness
吸引力
软件产品吸引用户的能力（ISO9126）。参见
Bespoke Software
定制软件
为特定的用户定制开发的软件。与之对比的是现
货软件（Off-The-Shlf Software）
Best Practice
最佳实践
在界定范围内，帮助提高组织能力的有效方法或 创新实践，通常被同行业组织视为最佳的方法或
实践
Beta Testi ng
Beta测试
用户在开发组织外，没有开发人员参与的情况下 进行的测试，检验软件是否满足客户及业务需 求。这种测试是软件产品获得市场反馈进行验收
Big-Ba ng Test ing
大爆炸测试
非增量集成测试的一种方法，测试的时候将软件 单兀、硬件单兀或者两者同时(而不是阶段性的) 集成到组件或者整个系统中去进行测试(与IEEE
测试名称常用术语英文对照
测试名称常用术语英文对照Orientation drop test method 定向跌落测试Motor slowdown test 摩打减速测试loop drop test 跌机测试drape test 覆盖测试overload test 过载测试drop test 跌机测试impact test 冲击测试sound power level test 噪音测试airflow measurement 风量测试air steam temperature test 面板温升测试input test 功率, 转速测试pull test 电线拉力测试fixation of attachment 附件吊重测试TCO switching off test 停机跳测试dry rated measurement 干燥值测试pull off force 拉力测试needle flame test 针焰测试electro magnetic compatibility 电磁干扰测试switch endurance test 开关寿命测试abnormal operation-short circuitt of dioders in rectifier test 短路整流子测试air inlet partial block by PE bag 阻塞部分入风口测试nuisance test 损害测试floor drop test 跌落测试heating test 发热测试ball pressure test 球压测试normal run test 正常运转测试thermofuse overshoot test 灰士温度测试short motor test 短路摩打测试open diode test 断路整流子测试open motor test 断开摩打测试cord strain relief test 电线拉力测试heater glowing check 发红检查boot's grid temperature test 面板温升测试component failure 组件失效测试dual voltage abnormal test 双压非正常测试cool shot function 冷风制寿命测试realease button endurance test 释放制寿命测试anchorage test 电线拉力测试adhesive tape test 胶带粘扯测试cross hatch test 油层类测试constant humidity test 耐湿度测试water spillage test 溢水测试测试仪器常用术语英文对照code translator 译码器circuit tester 万用表screwdriver 螺丝起子swivel tester 转尾测试仪spring gauge 弹簧秤digital power meter 功率表adhensiontester 粘附力测试仪age tester 老化试验机angle tester 测角计error code tester 误码测试仪creep tester 蠕变试验仪dielectric strength tester 耐压测试仪digital tester 数字测试器distortion tester 失真测试仪flash point tester 闪点测定器impedance tester 阻抗试验仪midget tester 小型万用表moisture tester 湿度计puncture tester 耐（电）压试验器electrical leakage tester 漏电测量器leak tester 检漏器multiple-purpose tester 万能测试仪relay tester 继电器测试器tortion tester 扭力测试仪water resistance tester 防水检测仪digital phosphor oscilloscope 示波器digital phosphor oscilloscope 示波器jack cord 塞绳stroboscope 频闪观测仪（转速计） thermocouple grid 测温板spring balance 弹簧秤balance 天平scale 天平polarity finder 极性测定器amperometer 安培计,电流计test finger 试验指Plug temperature tester 插头温升测试仪Surface high-temperature resistance tester 表面热损伤试验机Length measurement 测长仪Comparative measurement instrument 比较仪Interference measurement instrument 干涉仪Indicator tester 百分表千分表检定仪Thickness meter 测厚仪Block gauge 量块2D measurement instrument 二次元General pressure gauge 普通压力表Precise pressue gauge 精密压力表Weight 砝码Torque wrench 扭力计Torque drive 扭力批Rubber durometer 橡胶硬度计Viscometer 粘度计Surface temperature meter 表面温度计Digital thermometer 数字温度计Thermometer and hygrometer 温湿度计Infrared ray thermometer 红外线温度计Low temperature oven 低温箱Salt spraying tester 盐雾试验机Constant temperature&humidity equipment 恒温恒湿箱Drying oven 干燥箱High-low temperature impact tester 高低温冲击试验机Burn resistance tester 燃烧试验机High-low capacity universal material tester 高低容量万能材料试验机Webster hardness 维氏硬度安规测试常用术语英文对照rated voltage 额定电压working voltage 工作电压rated current 额定电流rated frequency 额定频率normal operation 正常工作interconnection cord 互连软线type X attachment x 型连接type Y attachment y 型连接type Z attachment z 型连接basic insulation 基本绝缘double insulation 双重绝缘supplementary insulation 附加绝缘reinforced insulation 加强绝缘class 01 appliance 01 类器具class I appliance I 类器具class II appliance II 类器具class III appliance III 类器具creepage distance 爬电距离clearance 电气间隙safety isolating transformer 安全隔离变压器portable appliance 便揳式器具stationary appliance 驻立式器具hand-held appliance 手持式器具built-in appliance 嵌装式器具non-detachable part 不可拆卸部件detachable part 可拆掉部件temperature limiter 限温器self-resetting thermal cut-out 自复位跳制non-self-resetting thermal cut-out 非自复位跳制protective device 保护装置accessible part 易触及部件heating appliance 电热器具user maintenance 用户维修保养electronic circuit 电子电路PTC heating element PTC 电热组件rated voltage range 额定电压范围rated power input 额定输入功率rated power input range 额定输入功率范围rated frequency range 额定输入频率范围detachable cord 可拆卸软线single-phase appliance 单相器具combined appliance 联合型器具appliance coupler 器具耦合器fixed wiring 固定布线protective conductor 保护导体transient overvoltage 瞬间过电压values 有效值separate signaling circuit 单独信号电路contact separation 触点开距supply circuit 供电电路temperature sensing device 温度敏感装置EMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰EMC electro magnetic compatibility 电磁兼容性all-pole disconnection 全极断开electrical stress 电气应力earthing continuity 连续接地contact pressure 接触压力orthogonal projection 正交投影solid state control circuit 半导体控制电路tripping current 跳闸电流physical abuse 外观损坏supply cord 电源软线supply lead 电源引线extra-low voltage 安全特低电压thermal link 热熔体off position 断开位置live part 带电部件motor-operated appliance 电动器具electronic component 电子组件protective impedence 保护阻抗branch circuit 分支电路。
职业能力综合测试涉及的主要专业术语中英文对照表
职业能力综合测试涉及的主要专业术语中英文对照表会计会计估计Accounting estimates会计分期Accounting period会计政策Accounting policies会计确认Accounting recognition会计措置Accounting treatment应付账款Accounts payable应收账款Accounts receivable累计折旧Accumulated depreciation调整事项Adjusting events摊销费用Amortization expense公平交易Arms-length transaction资产Assets资产减值损掉Assets impairment loss联营公司Associates可供出售金融资产Available-for-sale financial assets坏账筹办Bad debt provision年初余额Balance at the beginning of year年末余额Balance at the end of year资产负债表Balance sheet银行存款Bank deposit底子每股收益Basic earnings per share应收单据Bills receivable账面价值Book value借款费用Borrowing costs企业合并Business combination营业税金及附加Business taxes and surcharges计量Calculation/Calculate成本公积Capital reserve成本化Capitalization/Capitalized现金流量Cash flows库存现金Cash on hand公允价值变更Change in fair value股东权益变更表Changes in equity可比性Comparability混合金融东西Compound financial instruments代销商品Consignment goods合并资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet合并利润表Consolidated income statement合并股东权益变更表Consolidated statement of changes in equity 建造合同Construction contract在建工程Construction in progress或有资产Contingent asset或有负债Contingent liability可转换公司债券Convertible notes会计过掉更正Correction of accounting errors成本法Cost method主营业务成本Cost of sales from principal activities贷Credit货币计量Currency measurement流动资产Current assets流动负债Current liabilities借Debit债务重组Debt restructuring递延收益Deferred income递延所得税Deferred tax递延所得税资产Deferred tax assets递延所得税负债Deferred tax liabilities折旧Depreciation稀释每股收益Diluted earnings per share直接费用Direct costs直接人工Direct labour直接材料Direct materials直接法Direct method披露Disclosure折现系数Discount factor折现率Discount rate任意盈余公积Discretionary surplus reserve措置成本Disposal costs应付股利Dividend payable应收股利Dividend receivable应付职工薪酬Employee benefits payables股权投资Equity investment权益法Equity method预计负债Estimated liabilities/Provision预计使用寿命Estimated useful life费用Expenses公允价值Fair value融资租赁Finance lease金融资产Financial assets交易性金融资产Financial assets held for trading财政费用Financial expenses金融东西Financial instruments金融负债Financial liabilities财政陈述Financial reporting筹资活动Financing activities产成品Finished products/goods固定资产Fixed assets固定资产清理Fixed assets pending for disposal境外经营Foreign operations特许权Franchise right记账本位币Functional currency公允价值变更收益/〔损掉〕Gains/Losses on changes in fair value 办理费用General and administrative expenses 持续经营Going concern商誉Goodwill当局补助Government grants毛利率Gross profit ratio担保Guarantee持有至到期投资Held-to-maturity investment历史成本Historical cost可识别性Identifiable减值损掉Impairment loss减值筹办Impairment losses利润表Income statement所得税Income tax间接法Indirect method保险费Insurance expense无形资产Intangible assets应付利息Interest payable利率Interest rate应收利息Interest receivable集团内部发卖Inter-group sales中期财政报表Interim financial statements存货Inventories投资活动Investing activities投成本钱Investment cost投资收益Investment income投资性房地产Investment property合营企业Joint-venture劳务成本Labour costs地盘使用权Land use right租赁Lease承租人Lessee出租人Lessor负债Liability/Liabilities贷款Loan持久股权投资Long-term equity investment持久借款Long-term loans持久应付款Long-term payable持久应收款Long-term receivables少数股东权益Minority interests净利润Net profits非调整事项Non-adjusting events非流动性负债Non-current liabilities营业外支出Non-operating expenses营业外收入Non-operating income经营活动Operating activities经营租赁Operating lease营业利润Operating profit其他成本公积Other capital reserve其他综合收益Other comprehensive income其他业务收入Other operating income其他应付款Other payables其他应收款Other receivables所有者权益Owner’s equity所有权Ownership实收成本Paid-in capital专利权Patent资产负债表日后事项Post balance sheet events溢价Premium预付款Prepayment现值Present value以前年度损益事项Prior year profit/loss adjustment商品Product利润Profit利润分配Profit appropriation存货贬价筹办Provision for diminution in value of inventories 固定资产减值筹办Provision for impairment of fixed assets损掉筹办Provision for loss采购成本Purchase costs报答率Rate of return原材料Raw materials预收款项Receipts in advance确认Recognition/Recognize可收回金额Recoverable amount可变现净值Recoverable value关联交易Related party transactions关联方Related party(ies)租赁收入Rental income重置成本Replacement costs回购Repurchase研究开发费用Research and development costs残值Residual value重组Restructuring追溯调整Retrospective adjustments发卖商品收入Revenue from sales of goods收入Revenue/Income职工薪酬Salary costs售后租回交易Sale and lease back主营业务收入Sales from principal activities发卖退回Sales return发卖额Sales revenue发卖税Sales tax分部陈述Segment reporting发卖费用Selling expenses股本Share capital股份期权Share options股本/成本溢价Share/Capital premium所有者权益Shareholders’ equity短期借款Short-term loans专项应付款Special payables现金流量表Statement of cash flows法定盈余公积Statutory surplus reserve盈余公积Surplus reserves有形资产Tangible assets计税根底Tax basis应交税费Taxes payable暂时性差别Temporary differences交易费用Transaction costs可理解性Understandability未分配利润Undistributed profit/Retained earnings 未实现融资收益Unrealized capital gain增值税Value-added tax在产物Work in progress审计客户关系和审计业务的接受与保持Acceptance and continuance of client and audit engagement拜候控制Access controls接触信息/审计工作草稿Access to information / Audit documentation 否认定见Adverse opinion替代程序Alternative procedures阐发程序Analytical procedures在集团层面实施的阐发程序Analytical procedures at group level年度陈述Annual report适用的财政陈述框架Applicable financial reporting framework按照适用的财政陈述编制根底得到得当会计措置和披露Appropriately accounted for and disclosed in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework(审计证据的)适当性Appropriateness (of audit evidence)认定Assertions评估Assess包管Assurance审计调整Audit adjustment审计工作草稿Audit documentation/Audit working paper 审计证据Audit evidence审计档案Audit file会计师事务所Audit firm/Accounting firm审计定见Audit opinion审计方案Audit plan审计风险Audit risk审计抽样(抽样) Audit sampling (sampling)注册会计师〔审计师〕Auditor注册会计师与财政信息Auditor and financial information注册会计师的专家Auditor’s expert注册会计师的点估计或区间估计Auditor’s point estimate or auditor’s range 导致非无保留定见的事项段Basis for modification paragraph业务流程Business process〔交易的〕商业理由Business rationale经营风险业务风险Business risk明显微小Clearly trivial比较财政报表Comparative financial statements比较信息Comparative information被审计单元的互补性控制Compensating controls of entity under audit 完整性Completeness对集团具有财政重大性的单个组成局部Components that are of individual financial significance to the group计算机辅助审计技术Computer-assisted audit techniques审计的前提条件Conditions for an audit询证函Confirmation合并过程Consolidation process控制活动Control activities控制环境Control environment控制风险Control risk与审计相关的控制Controls relevant to the audit公司治理Corporate governance对应数据Corresponding figures截止Cut-off/As of (date)陈述日〔与质量控制相关〕Date of report (in relation to quality control)财政报表批准日Date of the approval of the financial statements审计陈述日Date of the auditor’s report财政报表日Date of the financial statements设计、执行和维护适当的控制Design, implement and maintain adequate controls (over) 查抄风险Detection risk偏差Deviations无法暗示定见Disclaimer of opinion双重目的测试Dual-purpose test强调事项段Emphasis of matter paragraph业务工作草稿Engagement documentation/working paper业务约定书Engagement letter工程合伙人Engagement partner工程质量控制复核Engagement quality control review工程质量控制复核人员Engagement quality control reviewer工程组Engagement team被审计单元的风险评估过程Entity’s risk assessment process评价Evaluate可能导致对被审计单元持续经营能力发生重大疑虑的事项或情况Events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern不符事项Exception存在Existence有经验的注册会计师Experienced auditor 专长Expertise信赖程度Extent of reliance函证External confirmation事实错报、判断错报和揣度错报Factual misstatements, judgemental misstatements and projected misstatements财政报表Financial statements舞弊Fraud舞弊风险因素Fraud risk factors虚假财政陈述Fraudulent financial reporting对财政报表使用者理解财政报表至Fundamental to users’ understanding of the financial关重要statements治理Governance集团Group集团工程合伙人Group engagement partner集团层面控制Group-wide controls历史财政信息Historical financial information识别、评估和应对重大错报风险Identify, assess and respond to risk of material misstatement无法获取充实、适当的审计证据Inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence 后任注册会计师Incoming auditor不一致Inconsistency独立性Independence与财政陈述相关的信息系统Information system relevant to financial reporting审计的固有限制Inherent limitation of audit固有风险Inherent risk初次审计业务Initial audit engagement生成、记录、措置和陈述交易Initiate, record, process and report transactions询问Inquiry查抄Inspection中期财政信息或报表Interim financial information or statements内部审计师Internal auditors内部控制Internal control内部控制缺陷Internal control deficiency国际财政陈述准那么International Financial Reporting Standards查询拜访Investigate财政报表报出日Issuance date of the financial statements信息技术应用控制IT application controls信息技术环境IT environment会计分录和其他调整Journal entries and other adjustments会计分录Journal entry/entries严重程度Level of significance上市公司实体Listed entity办理层Management办理层偏向Management bias办理层超出于控制之上Management override of controls办理当局声明书Management representation letter办理层对其自身责任的承认与理解Management’s acknowledgement and understanding of its responsibilities办理层的专家Management’s expert重大类此外交易、账户余额和披露Material classes of transactions, account balances and disclosure重大不确定性Material uncertainty财政报表整体的重要性Materiality for the financial statements as a whole侵占资产Misappropriation of assets错报Misstatement对事实的错报Misstatement of fact非尺度审计陈述Modified audit report非无保留定见Modified opinion监控Monitoring对控制的监督Monitoring of controls审计程序的性质、时间安排和范围Nature, timing and extent of audit procedures 消极式函证Negative confirmation网络事务所Network firm违反法律法规Non-compliance未回函Non-response非抽样风险Non-sampling risk不雅察Observation发生Occurrence期初余额Opening balances内部控制的运行有效性Operating effectiveness of internal control其他信息Other information其他事项段Other matter paragraph会计估计的成果Outcome of an accounting estimate超出正常经营过程Outside the normal course of business总体审计方案Overall audit approach总体审计策略Overall audit strategy总体结论Overall conclusion总体应对办法Overall responses合伙人Partner实际执行的重要性Performance materiality人员Personnel广泛性Pervasive方案活动Planning activities总体Population/Overall积极式函证Positive confirmation执业人员Practitioner前任注册会计师Predecessor auditor初步业务活动Preliminary engagement activities与办理层和治理层〔如适用〕责任相关的执行审计工作的前提Premise, relating to the responsibilities of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance, on which an audit is conducted编制和列报财政报表Prepare and present the financial statements列报与披露Presentation and disclosure收入确认存在舞弊风险的假定Presumed fraud risks in revenue recognition防止或发现并纠正重大错报Prevent or detect and correct material misstatement 专业胜任能力Professional competence职业判断Professional judgment职业疑心态度Professional skepticism业务执行Provision of service/Delivery of service通常对决定财政报表中的重大金额和披露有直接影响的法律法规的规定Provisions of laws and regulations generally recognized to have a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements具有适当资格的外部人员Qualified external person保留定见Qualified opinion量化财政影响Quantification of the financial impacts合理包管〔针对审计业务和质量控制〕Reasonable assurance (in the context of audit engagements, and in quality control)合理性测试Reasonableness test从头计算Re-calculation持续审计业务Recurring audit engagements将认定层次的审计风险降至可接受的低程度Reduce audit risk at the assertion level to an acceptably low level关联方Related parties具有支配性影响的关联方Related parties with dominant influence办理层以前未识别或未向注册会计师披露的关联方关系或关联方交易Related party relationships or transactions that management has not identified or disclosed to the auditor按照等同于公平交易中通行的条款执行的关联方交易Related party transactions conducted on terms equivalent to those prevailing in an arm’s length transaction〔审计证据的〕相关性和可靠性Relevance and reliability (of audit evidence) 相关职业道德要求Relevant ethical requirements残剩期间Remaining period从头执行Re-performance办理层施加的限制Restrictions imposed by management复核(与质量控制相关) Review (in relation to quality control)权利与义务Rights and obligations风险评估程序Risk assessment procedures重大错报风险Risk of material misstatement财政报表层次和认定层次的重大错报风险Risk of material misstatement at financial statement level and at assertion level样本量Sample size抽样Sampling抽样风险Sampling risk抽样单元Sampling unit选择和运用会计政策Selection and application of accounting policies 拔取测试工程Selection of items for testing重要组成局部Significant component值得存眷的内部控制缺陷Significant deficiencies in internal control重大事项Significant matters出格风险Significant risk重大非常规交易Significant unusual transactions 特定的审计程序Specified audit procedures员工Staff统计抽样Statistical sampling存货盘点Stocktake分层Stratification期后事项Subsequent events本色性阐发程序Substantive analytical procedures 本色性程序Substantive procedure〔审计证据的〕充实性Sufficiency (of audit evidence) 补充信息Supplementary information测试Test控制测试Test of controls细节测试Test of details特定类此外交易、账户余额或披露的一个或多个重要性程度The materiality level or levels for particular classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures治理层Those charged with governance 错报的临界值Threshold for misstatements可容忍错报Tolerable misstatement可容忍偏差率Tolerable rate of deviation趋势阐发法、比率阐发法、合理性测试法和回归阐发法Trend analysis, ratio analysis, reasonableness test, and regression analysis不确定性Uncertainty未更正错报Uncorrected misstatements尺度审计陈述Unmodified audit report无保留定见Unqualified opinion计价与分摊Valuation and allocation/amortization 穿行测试Walk-through test解除业务约定Withdraw from the engagement书面声明Written representation职业道德可接受的程度Acceptable level广告Advertising过度推介Advocacy承担办理层职责Assume management responsibilities鉴证客户Assurance client鉴证业务Assurance engagement鉴证业务工程组Assurance team审计客户Audit client审计业务Audit engagement审计工程组Audit team近亲属Close family密切私人关系Close personal relationship保密Confidentiality利益冲突Conflicts of interest或有收费Contingent fee冷却期Cooling off period现任会计师Current accountant/auditor直接经济利益Direct financial interest董事或高级办理人员Director or senior officer/senior management应有的存眷Due care消除或降低不利影响Eliminate or reduce threats工程合伙人Engagement partner工程质量控制复核Engagement quality control review工程组Engagement team外部专家External expert密切关系Familiarity经济利益Financial interests历史财政信息Historical financial information直系亲属/ 主要近亲属Immediate family独立性Independence从本色上和形式上保持独立性Independence of mind, Independence in appearance 间接经济利益Indirect financial interest诚信Integrity外在压力Intimidation/Pressure关键审计合伙人Key audit partner上市实体Listed entity持久存在业务关系Long association (with an audit client)严重虚假或误导性的陈述Materially false or misleading statement非鉴证效劳Non-assurance services客不雅和公正性Objectivity专业效劳Professional services拟接受的客户Prospective client公众利益实体Public interest entity关联实体Related entity审阅客户Review client审阅业务Review engagement审阅工程组Review team轮换Rotation防范办法Safeguards自身利益Self-interest自我评价Self-review重要且密切的商业关系Significant and close business relationship 特殊目的财政报表Special purpose financial statements鉴证业务的对象Subject matter of assurance engagement 不利影响、威胁Threats税法兼营Also engaged in应计税款Accrued tax从价税Ad valorem tax加计扣除Additional deduction附加税Additional tax/Surcharge所得额调整Adjustment of income税后所得After-tax income准予扣除数Allowable deductions税收可抵免额Allowable tax credit从量定额Amount based on quantity增值额Amount of appreciation/Value added发卖额Amount of sales抵免税额Amount of tax credit应纳税所得额Amount of taxable income扣除工程金额Amount of the deductions适用税额Applicable tax amount适用税率Applicable tax rates计税成本Assessable cost核定所得额Assessable income平均成本利润率Average cost-plus margin rate平均发卖价格Average sales price营业税Business tax偶然所得Casual income所得工程Category of income组成计税价格Composite taxable price本纳税年度Current tax year所得税申报Declaration of income tax扣除工程Deductible items免税工程扣除Deduction of the tax exemption item契税Deed tax视同发卖Deemed sales/sales equivalent免除纳税义务Discharge of tax obligation应税商品Dutiable goods纳税义务Duty of tax payment权益性投资收益Earning from equity investments雇员福利，职工福利Employee benefit企业所得税Enterprise income tax国外所得收入Foreign earned income一般纳税人General taxpayer特许权使用费所得Income from franchise royalty利息、股息、红利所得Income from interests, dividends and bonuses劳务所得Income from labor service财富租赁所得Income from leasing of property出产经营所得Income from production and business operation 转让财富所得Income from property transfer工资薪金所得Income from wages, salaries财富转让收入Income from property transfer所得税抵免Income tax credit申报缴纳所得税Income tax declaration应纳所得税Income tax payable接受捐赠所得Income from donation个人所得税Individual income tax增值税进项税额Input value added tax非正常损掉Irregular loss滞纳金Late fee清算所得税Liquidation income tax最低应纳税所得额Minimum taxable income增值税起征点Minimum threshold of value-added Tax混合发卖行为Mixed sales activities所得税前净所得Net income before income tax税后净利润Net profit after tax非货币资产Non-monetary asset不征税收入Non-taxable income不计入征税范围Not included in the scope of taxable activities 财富原值Original value of the property/ Cost of property 当期销项税额Output tax for the period增值税销项税额Output value added tax滞纳税款/欠税Overdue tax应补缴税款Payment of tax in arrears累进税率Progressive tax rate比例税率Proportional tax rate公益性捐赠Public welfare donations房产税Real estate tax居民纳税人Resident taxpayer资源税Resource tax含税发卖额Sales amount including tax所得税征收范围Scope of income tax/Subject to income tax小规模纳税人Small-scale taxpayer源泉扣缴Source withholding纳税出格扣除工程Special deductible items特殊性税务措置Special tax treatment印花税Stamp tax应征税额Tax accrued税额Tax amounts税基/计税依据Tax base税种Tax category消费税税率Tax computation税收抵免Tax credit抵免限额Tax credit quota纳税期限Tax deadline税前可扣除工程Tax deductible items税收减免Tax deduction or exemption计税差别Tax differences到期应纳税款Tax due漏税/逃税Tax evasion免税Tax exemption纳税申报Tax filing本期税额Tax for the period/year已纳税额Tax paid应纳税额Tax payable纳税期限Tax payment deadline税率Tax rate减税Tax reduction退税Tax refund税收附加Tax surcharge起征点Tax threshold计税价格Tax value/Taxable price减免税额Tax amount deducted应税所得Taxable income应税工程Taxable item纳税期间Taxable period对股息征税Taxation of dividends免税收入Tax-exempt income免税税目Tax-exempt item免税利润Tax-exempt profit含税价格Tax-included price纳税人Taxpayer地盘使用税Urban land-use tax增值税Value added tax(VAT)地盘增值税Value-added tax on land/Land appreciation tax 增值税减免VAT exemption or reduction车船税Vehicle and vessel tax车辆购置税Vehicle purchase tax扣缴义务人Withholding agent代扣代缴税款Withholding and remitting tax预提所得税Withholding income tax零税率Zero tax rate财政成本办理应收账款周转次数Accounts receivable turnover应收账款周转天数Accounts receivable turnover days取得成本Acquisition cost实际增长率Actual growth rate实际利率Actual interest rate配股后每股价格After-allotment price per share配股权价值Allotment option value配股价格Allotment price预付年金〔即付年金、期初年金〕Annuity due会计报答率法Accounting rate of return(ARR)平均交货时间Average delivery time贝塔〔β〕系数Beta coefficient债券评级Bond rating债券估价Bond valuation每股净资产Book value per share(BPS)盈亏临界点Break-even point保险储藏〔安然存量〕Buffer inventory成本支出Capital expenditure持有成本Carrying cost现金预算Cash budget现金股利Cash dividend现金流量利息保障倍数Cash flow interest coverage ratio经营活动现金流量Cash flows from operational activities 混合租赁Combination lease佣金Commission普通股Common stock抵偿性余额Compensating balance复利Compound interest全面预算Comprehensive budget企业价值评估Corporate valuation成本性态Cost behavior成本中心Cost centre成本的归集和分配Cost collection and allocation成本成本Cost of capital税后债务成本Cost of debt after tax成本差别Cost variance平息债券Coupon bond债券票面利率Coupon interest rate流动资产周转次数Current assets turnover流动资产周转天数Current assets turnover days流动比率Current ratio本期收入乘数Current sales multiplier债务市场Debt market/Bond market资产负债率Debt-to-asset ratio产权比率Debt-to-equity ratio股利宣告日Declaration date财政杠杆系数Degree of financial leverage(DFL)直接租赁Direct leasing折现率Discount rate纯贴现债券〔零息债券〕Discounted bond (Zero coupon bond)股利支付率Dividend payout ratio经营杠杆系数Degree of operating leverage(DOL)股价下行乘数Downstream price multiplier总杠杆系数Degree of total leverage (DTL)息前税前利润Earnings before interests and taxes(EBIT)经济订货量Economic order quantity(EOQ)每股盈余稀释EPS dilution每股盈余无差别点法EPS indifferent point method(EBIT-EPS break even analysis)每股盈余最大化EPS maximization每股盈余Earnings per share(EPS)权益乘数Equity multiplier股权价值Equity value经济增加值Economic value added(EVA)除息日Ex-dividend date执行价格Exercise price/Strike price外部融资发卖增长比External financing needed to sales growth ratio 融资租赁Financial lease/Capital lease财政估价Financial valuation完工产物Finished goods固定预算Fixed budget弹性预算Flexible budget浮动利率Floating interest rate浮动优惠利率Floating prime interest rate债务现金流量Free cash flows of creditors股权现金流量Free cash flows of equity实表达金流量Free cash flows of firm复利终值系数FV interest factor预付年金终值系数FV interest factor of annuity due终值Future value(FV)办理费用General and administrative expense持续经营价值Going concern value毛租赁Gross lease营业现金毛流量Gross operating cash flows套期保值道理Hedging principle间接成本Indirect cost通货膨胀率Inflation rate利息保障倍数Interest coverage ratio税后利息率Interest rate after tax内含增长率Internal growth rate内部转移价格Internal transfer price内在市销率Intrinsic sales multiplier内在价值Intrinsic value存货周转次数Inventory turnover存货周转天数Inventory turnover days投资中心Investment center内含报答率法Internal rate of return(IRR)非相关成本Irrelevant cost发行价格Issuance price租赁期Lease term租赁资产Leasehold property承租人Lessee出租人Lessor杠杆奉献率Leverage contributing ratio杠杆租赁Leverage lease清算价值Liquidation value短期偿债能力比率Liquidity ratios持久债券Long-term bond制造费用预算Manufacturing overhead budget边际奉献率Marginal contribution ratio市场组合Market portfolio市场价格Market price市价稀释Market price dilution市场风险溢价Market risk premium债券到期日Maturity date市场增加值Market value added(MAV)最大最小法Maximin method企业价值最大化Maximization of firm’s value股东财富最大化Maximization of shareholders’ wealth 混合成本Mixed cost互斥工程Mutually exclusive projects/events 畅通债券Negotiable bond净财政杠杆Net financial leverage净租赁Net lease营业现金净流量Net operating cash flows发卖净利率Net profit margin净现值法NPV method净现值Net present value(NPV)经营租赁Operating lease经营杠杆Operating leverage时机成本Opportunity cost期权价值Option value订货提前期Order lead time订货成本Ordering cost普通年金〔后付年金〕Ordinary annuity债券面值Par value/Face value回收期法Payback period method股利支付日Payment date经营资产发卖百分比Percentage of operating assets to sales经营负债发卖百分比Percentage of operating liabilities to sales 发卖百分比法Percentage-of-sales method期间成本Period cost按期预算Periodic budget永久债券Perpetual bond永续年金Perpetuity优先股Preferred stock现值指数Present value index产物成本预算Product cost budget出产预算Production budget出产成本Production cost制造费用Production overhead利润中心Profit center利润最大化Profit maximization工程特有风险Project-specific risk公开增发Public offering复利现值系数PV interest factor预付年金现值系数PV interest factor of annuity due现值Present value(PV)速动比率Quick ratio股权登记日Record date共同年限法Replacement chain (common life) approach 必要报答率Required rate of return残剩股利政策Residual dividend policy残剩权益收益Residual equity income残剩净金融支出Residual net financial expenditure残剩经营收益Residual operating income责任中心Responsibility center利润留存率Retention ratio权益净利率Return on equity投资报答率Return on investment收入中心Revenue center无风险利率Risk-free interest rate无风险报答率Risk-free rate of return安然边际率Safety margin ratio发卖预算Sales budget发卖费用Sales expense发卖预测Sales forecast发卖增长率Sales growth rate代销Sales on commission发卖数量Sales volume股东权益增长率Shareholders’ equity growth ratio短缺成本Shortage cost证券市场线Security market line(SML)尺度成本Standard cost股票股利Stock dividend股价最大化Stock price maximization股票回购Stock repurchase股票分割Stock split储存成本Storage cost漂浮成本Sunk cost可持续增长率Sustainable growth rate系统风险〔市场风险、不成分散风险〕Systematic risk (Market risk/Non-diversifiable risk) 目标成本布局Target capital structure时间溢价Time premium货币的时间价值Time value of money固定成本总额Total fixed cost标的资产Underlying assets包销Underwrite单元发卖价格Unit sales price单元变更成本Unit variable costs股价上行乘数Upstream price multiplier变更成本率Variable cost ratio加权平均成本成本Weighted average cost of capital(WACC)营运成本投资Working capital investment在产物Work-in-progress到期收益率法Yield-to-maturity method(YTM method)公司战略与风险办理低增长—强竞争地位的“现金牛〞业务“Cash cow〞position : slow growth - high competitiveness低增长—弱竞争地位的“瘦狗〞业务“Dog〞position : slow growth - low competitiveness高增长—低竞争地位的“问题〞业务“Question mark〞position : high growth - low competitiveness高增长—强竞争地位的“明星〞业务“Star〞position : high growth - high competitiveness 放弃战略Abandon strategy竞争环境阐发Analysis of competitive environment竞争敌手阐发Analysis of competitors企业能力阐发Analysis of corporate competencies and capabilities 企业资源阐发Analysis of corporate resources宏不雅环境阐发Analysis of macro-environment市场需求阐发Analysis of market demand阐发型战略Analytical strategy审计委员会Audit committee平衡计分卡Balanced scorecard基准阐发Benchmarking analysis蓝海战略Blue Ocean strategy波士顿矩阵Boston matrix业务单元战略〔竞争战略〕Business (Competitive) strategy经营目标Business objectives运营风险Business risk业务单元Business unit事业部制组织布局Business unit organization structure战略变化Change management in strategy内部信息传递Communication of internal information全面风险办理Comprehensive risk management收缩战略Contraction strategy控制活动Control activities控制环境Control environment公司治理Corporate governance总体战略Corporate strategy成本领先战略Cost leadership strategy惩办成本Cost of punishment损掉成本Cost of total loss风险办理成本与效益Costs and benefits of risk management信用风险Credit risk文化与绩效Culture and performance客户细分或市场细分事业部制布局Customer segmentation/Market segmentation businessstructure消费动机Customer’s motivation负债和杠杆作用Debt and gearing扁平型布局Decentralized structure决策撑持系统Decision support system防御型战略Defensive strategy制定风险办理策略Development of risk management strategy 开展战略Development strategy钻石模型Diamond model差别化战略Differentiation strategy直接投资Direct investment多元化并购Diversified merger and acquisition多种经营战略Diversified strategy垄断优势理论Dominance advantage theory每股盈余或市净率Earnings per share or price to book ratio 效率Efficiency出产要素Elements in production内部控制的要素Elements of internal control创业型组织布局Entrepreneurial organization structure自然环境风险Environment risk股权投资Equity investment评估成本Evaluation cost事项识别Event identification措置成本Execution cost实地查验Field inspection财政风险与经营风险的搭配Financial risk and business risk内部控制的五大体素Five elements in internal control财富五种竞争力Five forces in the competitive approach集中化战略Focus strategy紧缩与集中战略Focused strategy本能机能制组织布局Functional organization structure本能机能战略Functional strategy资金活动Fund-related activities全球化战略Globalization strategy毛利率与净利润率Gross profit margin and net profit margin 增长型战略Growth strategy开拓型战略Growth strategy担保业务Guarantee businessH型布局(控股企业／控股集团组织布局) H type organization structure (Holding company/Group organization structure)高经营风险与高财政风险搭配High business risk, high financial risk 高经营风险与低财政风险搭配High business risk, low financial risk 高长型布局High growth structure。
检验报告常用术语中英文对照
序号English Chinese 序号English Chinese 1bend 弯曲102shrink mark收缩纹2broken 破烂103stress mark顶白印3broken label标贴烂104thin spray喷油过薄4broken screw缧丝断105uneven coation涂色不圴5burn mark烧痕106uneven spray喷油不均匀6burr 毛边107uneven surface高低落差过大7carton broken外箱烂108untrimmed thread线头过长8color deviatiion色差过大109water mark水渍9damage 损坏110wrinkle 皱纹10deform 变形111wrong assortment错混装11foreign tape纸屑112wrong color错颜色12dent mark凹陷113wrong labelling错标贴13dirt mark污渍114wrong packing错包装14flash 披锋115wrong products错货品15flow mark胶料注塑纹116wrong sewing label错缝合标贴16foreign material外物(就是脏东西117foreign stuffing线头17gate mark水口修不好118missing letter缺字18glue mark胶水渍119missing segment缺字划配件甩掉120part detach孔位不正19hole misalignment20illegible letter字型模糊不清121part loose配件松21label peel off标贴脱落122screw not tight缧丝未收紧22label peel up标贴浮起/分离123uneven table surface台面不平23large gap间隙过大124wrong letter错字24missing glue漏胶水125wrong parts错配件25missing label漏标贴126bent insert纸卡变形26mould 发霉127air leakage漏气27no glue无胶水128cannot assembly组装不成功28oil mark油渍129dim light灯光过暗29oxidization 氧化130distortion 失真30paint mark补油不良131intermittent function间断没功能31paint mark喷油渍132missing parts漏配件32poor coating露底色133missing products漏货品33poor fitting接合不良134narrow goal socket袋口过窄34poor glue黏合不良135no light无灯光35poor hot stamp烫金不良136no sound无声音36poor parting line接合边位修不好137noise 噪声37poor printing印刷不良138non function无功能包装不良139poor packing封合位不良38poor seal39poor sewing缝合不良140poor soldering焊接不良40poor silk screen printing丝印不良141water leakage漏水41poor spray喷油不良142weak soung声音过弱42poor stitching缝合孔位过大143wire damage电线烂43poor tampo printing移印不良144wire exposed电线外露44poor trimmimg修剪不良145wrong function错功能45poor trimmimg胶边位修不好146wrong soung错声音46base 底座147cracking 裂纹47rough edge边位粗糙148blood mark血渍48rough surface表面粗糙149high pole test failure电气高压测试失败49rust mark 生锈150insect 昆虫50scratch mark花痕151sharp edge利边, 毛刺51screw slip缧丝滑牙152sharp point尖点52instruction sheet came off缺少说明书153sharp point利角53hard to assembly装配困难154short circuit漏电/ 短路54poor function功能不良155damaged window sheet彩盒损坏55too loose太松156label misalinged标贴贴倒56scratch mark刮花157dislocated 移位贴纸不良158poor label sticking色差,颜色有差别57color deviation58electro-plating yellownish电镀变黄159poor molding注塑不良59electro-plating peel off电镀脱落160poor packing包装不良60electro-plating abrase电镀擦花161poor electro-plating电镀不良61tempo incomplete移印不完整162missing Part缺少附件62tempo off position移印移位163oversize 尺寸过大63paint abrase喷油擦花164packing damaged包装损坏64electro-plating rainbow电镀彩虹印165poor bewing车缝不良65electro-plating shadow电镀阴阳色166poor soldering焊接不良66electro-plating black mark电镀发黑167poor shrink wrap收缩包装不良67oxidatton 氧化168poor tampo移印不良68inner carton内盒169seam open车缝开口69gift box彩盒170seam torn车缝穿洞70ejector mark顶针位171stripping screw螺丝打滑71flow mark流水痕172wrong instruction sheet 说明书错误Defect name72flow line流水纹173blister 吸塑73fold mark折痕174FOLD MARK ON GIFT彩盒折痕74white mark发白175GIFT BOX DEFORM彩盒压变形75poor transparency透吸塑变形176BLISTER DEFORM明度不良76sink mark凹痕177BLISTER CRACK吸塑裂77poor contact接触不良178BLISTER POOR HEAT SEALING吸塑不良78loosen 脱落179gift box unseal彩盒无封口贴79air-bubble on painting漆上有气泡180poor silk sckeen prining印刷不良80painting scratched油漆刮花181over plating电镀过多81painting peeled off油漆脱落182under plating电镀不足82pough surface painting油漆面粗糙183color mismatch颜色不配对83rivet 铆钉184color misalignment颜色不配对84blister 泡盒185color deviation颜色有差别,色差85rust mark锈迹186electro-plating yellownish电镀变黄86flow mark流水痕187electro-plating peel off电镀脱落87flow line流水纹188electro-plating abrase电镀擦花88fold mark折痕189tempo incomplete移印不完整89white mark发白190tempo off position移印移位90poor transparency透明度不良191paint abrase喷油擦花91sink mark凹痕192electro-plating rainbow电镀彩虹印92poor contact接触不良193electro-plating shadow电镀阴阳色93loosen 脱落194electro-plating black mark电镀发黑94air-bubble on painting漆上有气泡195oxidatton 氧化95painting scratched油漆刮花196inner carton内盒96painting peeled off油漆脱落197gift box彩盒97pough surface painting油漆面粗糙198ejector mark顶针位锈迹199rust mark铆钉98rivet99blister 泡盒200fixed sleeve 固定套100spring 弹簧201Cover Plate面板101Lining 内衬202Slide tube伸缩管延长杆203Stem Extension。
软件测试英语术语+缩写
软件测试常用英语词汇静态测试：Non-Execution-Based Testing或Static testing 代码走查：Walkthrough代码审查：Code Inspection技术评审：Review动态测试：Execution-Based Testing白盒测试：White-Box Testing黑盒测试：Black-Box Testing灰盒测试：Gray-Box Testing软件质量保证SQA：Software Quality Assurance软件开发生命周期：Software Development Life Cycle冒烟测试：Smoke Test回归测试：Regression Test功能测试：Function Testing性能测试：Performance Testing压力测试：Stress Testing负载测试：Volume Testing易用性测试：Usability Testing安装测试：Installation Testing界面测试：UI Testing配置测试：Configuration Testing文档测试：Documentation Testing兼容性测试：Compatibility Testing安全性测试：Security Testing恢复测试：Recovery Testing单元测试：Unit Test集成测试：Integration Test系统测试：System Test验收测试：Acceptance Test测试计划应包括：测试对象：The Test Objectives测试范围： The Test Scope测试策略： The Test Strategy测试方法： The Test Approach,测试过程： The test procedures,测试环境： The Test Environment,测试完成标准：The test Completion criteria测试用例：The Test Cases测试进度表：The Test Schedules风险：Risks接口：Interface最终用户：The End User正式的测试环境：Formal Test Environment确认需求：Verifying The Requirements有分歧的需求：Ambiguous Requirements运行和维护：Operation and Maintenance.可复用性：Reusability可靠性： Reliability/Availability电机电子工程师协会IEEE：The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 正确性：Correctness实用性：Utility健壮性：Robustness可靠性：Reliability软件需求规格说明书：SRS （software requirement specification ）概要设计：HLD （high level design ）详细设计：LLD （low level design ）统一开发流程：RUP （rational unified process ）集成产品开发：IPD （integrated product development ）能力成熟模型：CMM （capability maturity model ）能力成熟模型集成：CMMI （capability maturity model integration ）戴明环：PDCA （plan do check act ）软件工程过程组：SEPG （software engineering process group ）集成测试：IT （integration testing ）系统测试：ST （system testing ）关键过程域：KPA （key process area ）同行评审：PR （peer review ）用户验收测试：UAT （user acceptance testing ）验证和确认：V&V （verification & validation ）控制变更委员会：CCB （change control board ）图形用户界面：GUI （graphic user interface ）配置管理员：CMO （configuration management officer ）平均失效间隔时间：（MTBF mean time between failures ）平均修复时间：MTTR （mean time to restoration ）平均失效时间：MTTF （mean time to failure ）工作任务书：SOW （statement of work ）α测试：alpha testingβ测试：beta testing适应性：Adaptability可用性：Availability功能规格说明书：Functional Specification软件开发中常见英文缩写和各类软件开发文档的英文缩写：英文简写文档名称MRD market requirement document （市场需求文档）PRD product requirement document （产品需求文档）SOW 工作任务说明书PHB Process Handbook (项目过程手册)EST Estimation Sheet (估计记录)PPL Project Plan (项目计划)CMP Software Management Plan( 配置管理计划)QAP Software Quality Assurance Plan （软件质量保证计划）RMP Software Risk Management Plan （软件风险管理计划）TST Test Strategy（测试策略）WBS Work Breakdown Structure （工作分解结构）BRS Business Requirement Specification(业务需求说明书)SRS Software Requirement Specification(软件需求说明书)STP System Testing plan (系统测试计划)STC System Testing Cases （系统测试用例）HLD High Level Design (概要设计说明书)ITP Integration Testing plan (集成测试计划)ITC Integration Testing Cases （集成测试用例）LLD Low Level Design (详细设计说明书)UTP Unit Testing Plan ( 单元测试计划)UTC Unit Testing Cases （单元测试用例）UTR Unit Testing Report （单元测试报告）ITR Integration Testing Report （集成测试报告）STR System Testing Report （系统测试报告）RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix (需求跟踪矩阵)CSA Configuration Status Accounting （配置状态发布）CRF Change Request Form （变更申请表）WSR Weekly Status Report （项目周报）QSR Quality Weekly Status Report （质量工作周报）QAR Quality Audit Report(质量检查报告)QCL Quality Check List(质量检查表)PAR Phase Assessment Report （阶段评估报告）CLR Closure Report （项目总结报告）RFF Review Finding Form (评审发现表)MOM Minutes of Meeting （会议纪要）MTX Metrics Sheet （度量表）CCF ConsistanceCheckForm（一致性检查表）BAF Baseline Audit Form（基线审计表）PTF Program Trace Form（问题跟踪表）领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /软件测试中英文对照术语表A• Abstract test case (High level test case) ：概要测试用例• Acceptance：验收• Acceptance criteria：验收标准• Acceptance testing：验收测试• Accessibility testing：易用性测试• Accuracy：精确性• Actual outcome (actual result) ：实际输出/实际结果• Ad hoc review (informal review) ：非正式评审• Ad hoc testing：随机测试• Adaptability：自适应性• Agile testing：敏捷测试• Algorithm test (branch testing) ：分支测试• Alpha testing：alpha 测试• Analyzability：易分析性• Analyzer：分析员• Anomaly：异常• Arc testing：分支测试• Attractiveness：吸引力• Audit：审计• Audit trail：审计跟踪• Automated testware：自动测试组件• Availability：可用性B• Back-to-back testing：对比测试• Baseline：基线• Basic block：基本块• Basis test set：基本测试集• Bebugging：错误撒播• Behavior：行为• Benchmark test：基准测试• Bespoke software：定制的软件• Best practice：最佳实践• Beta testing：Beta 测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Big-bang testing：集成测试• Black-box technique：黑盒技术• Black-box testing：黑盒测试• Black-box test design technique：黑盒测试设计技术• Blocked test case：被阻塞的测试用例• Bottom-up testing：自底向上测试• Boundary value：边界值• Boundary value analysis：边界值分析• Boundary value coverage：边界值覆盖率• Boundary value testing：边界值测试• Branch：分支• Branch condition：分支条件• Branch condition combination coverage：分支条件组合覆盖率• Branch condition combination testing：分支条件组合测试• Branch condition coverage：分支条件覆盖率• Branch coverage：分支覆盖率• Branch testing：分支测试• Bug：缺陷• Business process-based testing：基于商业流程的测试C• Capability Maturity Model (CMM) ：能力成熟度模型• Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) ：集成能力成熟度模型• Capture/playback tool：捕获/回放工具• Capture/replay tool：捕获/重放工具• CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) ：电脑辅助软件工程• CAST (Computer Aided Software Testing) ：电脑辅助软件测试• Cause-effect graph：因果图• Cause-effect graphing：因果图技术• Cause-effect analysis：因果分析• Cause-effect decision table：因果判定表• Certification：认证• Changeability：可变性• Change control：变更控制• Change control board：变更控制委员会• Checker：检查人员• Chow's coverage metrics (N-switch coverage) ：N 切换覆盖率• Classification tree method：分类树方法• Code analyzer：代码分析器• Code coverage：代码覆盖率领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Code-based testing：基于代码的测试• Co-existence：共存性• Commercial off-the-shelf software：商用离岸软件• Comparator：比较器• Compatibility testing：兼容性测试• Compiler：编译器• Complete testing：完全测试/穷尽测试• Completion criteria：完成标准• Complexity：复杂性• Compliance：一致性• Compliance testing：一致性测试• Component：组件• Component integration testing：组件集成测试• Component specification：组件规格说明• Component testing：组件测试• Compound condition：组合条件• Concrete test case (low level test case) ：详细测试用例• Concurrency testing：并发测试• Condition：条件表达式• Condition combination coverage：条件组合覆盖率• Condition coverage：条件覆盖率• Condition determination coverage：条件判定覆盖率• Condition determination testing：条件判定测试• Condition testing：条件测试• Condition outcome：条件结果• Confidence test (smoke test) ：信心测试（冒烟测试）• Configuration：配置• Configuration auditing：配置审核• Configuration control：配置控制• Configuration control board (CCB) ：配置控制委员会• Configuration identification：配置标识• Configuration item：配置项• Configuration management：配置管理• Configuration testing：配置测试• Confirmation testing：确认测试• Conformance testing：一致性测试• Consistency：一致性• Control flow：控制流• Control flow graph：控制流图• Control flow path：控制流路径• Conversion testing：转换测试• COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf software) ：商业离岸软件• Coverage：覆盖率• Coverage analysis：覆盖率分析领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Coverage item：覆盖项• Coverage tool：覆盖率工具• Custom software：定制软件• Cyclomatic complexity：圈复杂度• Cyclomatic number：圈数D• Daily build：每日构建• Data definition：数据定义• Data driven testing：数据驱动测试• Data flow：数据流• Data flow analysis：数据流分析• Data flow coverage：数据流覆盖率• Data flow test：数据流测试• Data integrity testing：数据完整性测试• Database integrity testing：数据库完整性测试• Dead code：无效代码• Debugger：调试器• Debugging：调试• Debugging tool：调试工具• Decision：判定• Decision condition coverage：判定条件覆盖率• Decision condition testing：判定条件测试• Decision coverage：判定覆盖率• Decision table：判定表• Decision table testing：判定表测试• Decision testing：判定测试技术• Decision outcome：判定结果• Defect：缺陷• Defect density：缺陷密度• Defect Detection Percentage (DDP) ：缺陷发现率• Defect management：缺陷管理• Defect management tool：缺陷管理工具• Defect masking：缺陷屏蔽• Defect report：缺陷报告• Defect tracking tool：缺陷跟踪工具• Definition-use pair：定义-使用对• Deliverable：交付物• Design-based testing：基于设计的测试• Desk checking：桌面检查领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Development testing：开发测试• Deviation：偏差• Deviation report：偏差报告• Dirty testing：负面测试• Documentation testing：文档测试• Domain：域• Driver：驱动程序• Dynamic analysis：动态分析• Dynamic analysis tool：动态分析工具• Dynamic comparison：动态比较• Dynamic testing：动态测试E• Efficiency：效率• Efficiency testing：效率测试• Elementary comparison testing：基本组合测试• Emulator：仿真器、仿真程序• Entry criteria：入口标准• Entry point：入口点• Equivalence class：等价类• Equivalence partition：等价区间• Equivalence partition coverage：等价区间覆盖率• Equivalence partitioning：等价划分技术• Error：错误• Error guessing：错误猜测技术• Error seeding：错误撒播• Error tolerance：错误容限• Evaluation：评估• Exception handling：异常处理• Executable statement：可执行的语句• Exercised：可执行的• Exhaustive testing：穷尽测试• Exit criteria：出口标准• Exit point：出口点• Expected outcome：预期结果• Expected result：预期结果• Exploratory testing：探测测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /F• Fail：失败• Failure：失败• Failure mode：失败模式• Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) ：失败模式和影响分析• Failure rate：失败频率• Fault：缺陷• Fault density：缺陷密度• Fault Detection Percentage (FDP) ：缺陷发现率• Fault masking：缺陷屏蔽• Fault tolerance：缺陷容限• Fault tree analysis：缺陷树分析• Feature：特征• Field testing：现场测试• Finite state machine：有限状态机• Finite state testing：有限状态测试• Formal review：正式评审• Frozen test basis：测试基线• Function Point Analysis (FPA) ：功能点分析• Functional integration：功能集成• Functional requirement：功能需求• Functional test design technique：功能测试设计技术• Functional testing：功能测试• Functionality：功能性• Functionality testing：功能性测试G• glass box testing：白盒测试H• Heuristic evaluation：启发式评估• High level test case：概要测试用例• Horizontal traceability：水平跟踪领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /I• Impact analysis：影响分析• Incremental development model：增量开发模型• Incremental testing：增量测试• Incident：事件• Incident management：事件管理• Incident management tool：事件管理工具• Incident report：事件报告• Independence：独立• Infeasible path：不可行路径• Informal review：非正式评审• Input：输入• Input domain：输入范围• Input value：输入值• Inspection：审查• Inspection leader：审查组织者• Inspector：审查人员• Installability：可安装性• Installability testing：可安装性测试• Installation guide：安装指南• Installation wizard：安装向导• Instrumentation：插装• Instrumenter：插装工具• Intake test：入口测试• Integration：集成• Integration testing：集成测试• Integration testing in the large：大范围集成测试• Integration testing in the small：小范围集成测试• Interface testing：接口测试• Interoperability：互通性• Interoperability testing：互通性测试• Invalid testing：无效性测试• Isolation testing：隔离测试• Item transmittal report：版本发布报告• Iterative development model：迭代开发模型K• Key performance indicator：关键绩效指标领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Keyword driven testing：关键字驱动测试L• Learnability：易学性• Level test plan：等级测试计划• Link testing：组件集成测试• Load testing：负载测试• Logic-coverage testing：逻辑覆盖测试• Logic-driven testing：逻辑驱动测试• Logical test case：逻辑测试用例• Low level test case：详细测试用例M• Maintenance：维护• Maintenance testing：维护测试• Maintainability：可维护性• Maintainability testing：可维护性测试• Management review：管理评审• Master test plan：综合测试计划• Maturity：成熟度• Measure：度量• Measurement：度量• Measurement scale：度量粒度• Memory leak：内存泄漏• Metric：度量• Migration testing：移植测试• Milestone：里程碑• Mistake：错误• Moderator：仲裁员• Modified condition decision coverage：改进的条件判定覆盖率• Modified condition decision testing：改进的条件判定测试• Modified multiple condition coverage：改进的多重条件判定覆盖率• Modified multiple condition testing：改进的多重条件判定测试• Module：模块• Module testing：模块测试• Monitor：监视器• Multiple condition：多重条件• Multiple condition coverage：多重条件覆盖率领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Multiple condition testing：多重条件测试• Mutation analysis：变化分析• Mutation testing：变化测试N• N-switch coverage：N 切换覆盖率• N-switch testing：N 切换测试• Negative testing：负面测试• Non-conformity：不一致• Non-functional requirement：非功能需求• Non-functional testing：非功能测试• Non-functional test design techniques：非功能测试设计技术O• Off-the-shelf software：离岸软件• Operability：可操作性• Operational environment：操作环境• Operational profile testing：运行剖面测试• Operational testing：操作测试• Oracle：标准• Outcome：输出/结果• Output：输出• Output domain：输出范围• Output value：输出值P• Pair programming：结队编程• Pair testing：结队测试• Partition testing：分割测试• Pass：通过• Pass/fail criteria：通过/失败标准• Path：路径• Path coverage：路径覆盖• Path sensitizing：路径敏感性• Path testing：路径测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 / • Peer review：同行评审• Performance：性能• Performance indicator：绩效指标• Performance testing：性能测试• Performance testing tool：性能测试工具• Phase test plan：阶段测试计划• Portability：可移植性• Portability testing：移植性测试• Postcondition：结果条件• Post-execution comparison：运行后比较• Precondition：初始条件• Predicted outcome：预期结果• Pretest：预测试• Priority：优先级• Probe effect：检测成本• Problem：问题• Problem management：问题管理• Problem report：问题报告• Process：流程• Process cycle test：处理周期测试• Product risk：产品风险• Project：项目• Project risk：项目风险• Program instrumenter：编程工具• Program testing：程序测试• Project test plan：项目测试计划• Pseudo-random：伪随机Q• Quality：质量• Quality assurance：质量保证• Quality attribute：质量属性• Quality characteristic：质量特征• Quality management：质量管理领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /R• Random testing：随机测试• Recorder：记录员• Record/playback tool：记录/回放工具• Recoverability：可复原性• Recoverability testing：可复原性测试• Recovery testing：可复原性测试• Regression testing：回归测试• Regulation testing：一致性测试• Release note：版本说明• Reliability：可靠性• Reliability testing：可靠性测试• Replaceability：可替换性• Requirement：需求• Requirements-based testing：基于需求的测试• Requirements management tool：需求管理工具• Requirements phase：需求阶段• Resource utilization：资源利用• Resource utilization testing：资源利用测试• Result：结果• Resumption criteria：继续测试标准• Re-testing：再测试• Review：评审• Reviewer：评审人员• Review tool：评审工具• Risk：风险• Risk analysis：风险分析• Risk-based testing：基于风险的测试• Risk control：风险控制• Risk identification：风险识别• Risk management：风险管理• Risk mitigation：风险消减• Robustness：健壮性• Robustness testing：健壮性测试• Root cause：根本原因S• Safety：安全领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Safety testing：安全性测试• Sanity test：健全测试• Scalability：可测量性• Scalability testing：可测量性测试• Scenario testing：情景测试• Scribe：记录员• Scripting language：脚本语言• Security：安全性• Security testing：安全性测试• Serviceability testing：可维护性测试• Severity：严重性• Simulation：仿真• Simulator：仿真程序、仿真器• Site acceptance testing：定点验收测试• Smoke test：冒烟测试• Software：软件• Software feature：软件功能• Software quality：软件质量• Software quality characteristic：软件质量特征• Software test incident：软件测试事件• Software test incident report：软件测试事件报告• Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) ：软件可用性调查问卷• Source statement：源语句• Specification：规格说明• Specification-based testing：基于规格说明的测试• Specification-based test design technique：基于规格说明的测试设计技术• Specified input：特定输入• Stability：稳定性• Standard software：标准软件• Standards testing：标准测试• State diagram：状态图• State table：状态表• State transition：状态迁移• State transition testing：状态迁移测试• Statement：语句• Statement coverage：语句覆盖• Statement testing：语句测试• Static analysis：静态分析• Static analysis tool：静态分析工具• Static analyzer：静态分析工具• Static code analysis：静态代码分析• Static code analyzer：静态代码分析工具• Static testing：静态测试• Statistical testing：统计测试领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Status accounting：状态统计• Storage：资源利用• Storage testing：资源利用测试• Stress testing：压力测试• Structure-based techniques：基于结构的技术• Structural coverage：结构覆盖• Structural test design technique：结构测试设计技术• Structural testing：基于结构的测试• Structured walkthrough：面向结构的走查• Stub: 桩• Subpath: 子路径• Suitability: 符合性• Suspension criteria: 暂停标准• Syntax testing: 语法测试• System:系统• System integration testing：系统集成测试• System testing：系统测试T• Technical review：技术评审• Test：测试• Test approach：测试方法• Test automation：测试自动化• Test basis：测试基础• Test bed：测试环境• Test case：测试用例• Test case design technique：测试用例设计技术• Test case specification：测试用例规格说明• Test case suite：测试用例套• Test charter：测试宪章• Test closure：测试结束• Test comparator：测试比较工具• Test comparison：测试比较• Test completion criteria：测试比较标准• Test condition：测试条件• Test control：测试控制• Test coverage：测试覆盖率• Test cycle：测试周期• Test data：测试数据• Test data preparation tool：测试数据准备工具领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 / • Test design：测试设计• Test design specification：测试设计规格说明• Test design technique：测试设计技术• Test design tool: 测试设计工具• Test driver: 测试驱动程序• Test driven development: 测试驱动开发• Test environment: 测试环境• Test evaluation report: 测试评估报告• Test execution: 测试执行• Test execution automation: 测试执行自动化• Test execution phase: 测试执行阶段• Test execution schedule: 测试执行进度表• Test execution technique: 测试执行技术• Test execution tool: 测试执行工具• Test fail: 测试失败• Test generator: 测试生成工具• Test leader:测试负责人• Test harness：测试组件• Test incident：测试事件• Test incident report：测试事件报告• Test infrastructure：测试基础组织• Test input：测试输入• Test item：测试项• Test item transmittal report：测试项移交报告• Test level：测试等级• Test log：测试日志• Test logging：测试记录• Test manager：测试经理• Test management：测试管理• Test management tool：测试管理工具• Test Maturity Model (TMM) ：测试成熟度模型• Test monitoring：测试跟踪• Test object：测试对象• Test objective：测试目的• Test oracle：测试标准• Test outcome：测试结果• Test pass：测试通过• Test performance indicator：测试绩效指标• Test phase：测试阶段• Test plan：测试计划• Test planning：测试计划• Test policy：测试方针• Test Point Analysis (TPA) ：测试点分析• Test procedure：测试过程领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Test procedure specification：测试过程规格说明• Test process：测试流程• Test Process Improvement (TPI) ：测试流程改进• Test record：测试记录• Test recording：测试记录• Test reproduceability：测试可重现性• Test report：测试报告• Test requirement：测试需求• Test run：测试运行• Test run log：测试运行日志• Test result：测试结果• Test scenario：测试场景• Test script：测试脚本• Test set：测试集• Test situation：测试条件• Test specification：测试规格说明• Test specification technique：测试规格说明技术• Test stage：测试阶段• Test strategy：测试策略• Test suite：测试套• Test summary report：测试总结报告• Test target：测试目标• Test tool：测试工具• Test type：测试类型• Testability：可测试性• Testability review：可测试性评审• Testable requirements：需求可测试性• Tester：测试人员• Testing：测试• Testware：测试组件• Thread testing：组件集成测试• Time behavior：性能• Top-down testing：自顶向下的测试• Traceability：可跟踪性U• Understandability：易懂性• Unit：单元• unit testing：单元测试• Unreachable code：执行不到的代码领测国际科技（北京）有限公司领测软件测试网 /• Usability：易用性• Usability testing：易用性测试• Use case：用户用例• Use case testing：用户用例测试• User acceptance testing：用户验收测试• User scenario testing：用户场景测试• User test：用户测试V• V -model：V 模式• Validation：确认• Variable：变量• Verification：验证• Vertical traceability：垂直可跟踪性• Version control：版本控制• Volume testing：容量测试W• Walkthrough：走查• White-box test design technique：白盒测试设计技术• White-box testing：白盒测试• Wide Band Delphi：Delphi 估计方法。
软件测试常用术语中英文对照BO
常用软件测试术语说明及中英文对照.******软件【Software】：软件（software）是计算机中与硬件（hardware）相结合的一部分，包括程序（program）和文档（document）。
用一个等式表示为：软件＝程序＋文档。
其中，“程序”指的是能够实现某种功能的指令的集合，如C语言程序，Java程序等；“文档”指的是在软件开发、使用和维护过程中产生的图文集合，如《系统需求规格说明书》、《用户手册》、readme，甚至是一些软件市场宣传资料，包装文字和图形等。
【备注：软件测试绝不等同于程序测试，文档测试也是软件测试的一个重要组成部分。
通常，程序测试主要包括程序逻辑功能、界面、性能、易用性、兼容性、安装等的测试；文档测试主要包括文档内容和截图的校验，排版风格的检查，错别字的校验等】******客户端/服务器【C/S】：C指的是客户端（Client），S指的是服务器端（Server）,这种软件是基于局域网或互联网的，需要一台服务器来安装服务器端软件，每台客户端都需要安装客户端软件。
比如我们经常用的QQ、MSN和各种网络游戏就属于C/S 结构的软件。
【备注：C/S结构的软件过去比较流行，但是不便于升级和维护，现在逐渐被B/S结构软件所取代】******浏览器/服务器【B/S】：B指的是浏览器（Browser），S指的是服务器（Server），这种软件同样是基于局域网或互联网的，它与结C/S构软件的区别就在于，不需要安装客户端（client），只需要有IE等浏览器，就可以直接使用。
比如搜狐、新浪等门户网站及163邮箱都属于B/S结构的软件。
【备注：B/S结构软件是现在软件的主流，与C/S结构软件相比，便于升级和维护，是测试的重点】******缺陷【Bug/Defect】：软件的Bug指的是软件中（包括程序和文档）不符合用户需求的问题。
【备注：这个定义是判断一个软件问题是否是Bug个唯一标准】******软件测试【Software Testing】：使用人工或自动手段，来运行或测试某个系统的过程。
实验室常用英文术语集锦
实验室常用英文术语集锦容器与耗材vessel & consumablematerial小瓶vial量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinderer坩埚crucible坩埚钳crucible clamp试管test tube漏斗funnel比色皿cuvette鱼缸aquarium烧瓶flask锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper/plug 洗瓶plastic wash bottle玻璃活塞stopcock试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod搅拌棒stirringrod容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette吸液管pipette滤器filter滤纸filter paper培养皿culture dish移液枪pipette移液枪枪头pipette tips剃刀刀片razorblade手术刀scalpel垃圾袋disposablebag垃圾桶garbagebin橡皮筋rubber band托盘Tray铝箔aluminiumfoil洗耳球rubber suction bulb保鲜膜preservativefilm研磨钵mortar研杵pestle小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distillingapparatus桶bucket 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle离心机转子rotor试管架test tube holder/rack酒精灯alcoholburner酒精喷灯blastalcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device石蜡封口膜Parafilm微量离心管（EP管）Eppendorf tube载玻片Slide盖玻片Cover glass 离心管Centrifugetube电泳槽Geltank电线Electricalleads牙签Toothpick螺丝钉Screw锁紧螺母Nut,Cap nut复印纸Copypaper复写纸Carbonpaper钉Nail试管刷test-tube brush计时器Timer闹钟AlarmclockU形钉Staple衣服挂钩Coathanger电泳用的梳子Comb扳手Shiftingspanner订书机Stapler订书钉staple圆珠笔芯Refill灯泡Globe记号笔marker pen注射器syringe注射器活塞plunger铁架台ironsupport万能夹extensionclamp止水夹flatjawpinchcock 圆形漏斗架cast-ironring橡胶管rubbertubing药匙labspoon 镊子forceps/tweezers蜂鸣器buzzer架子shelf剪刀scissor 打孔器stopperborer移液吸管serological pipette血球计数板hemocytometerpH试纸universal ph indicatorpaper称量纸weighingpaper透明胶带sellotape筛子sieve网眼mesh 格子grid擦镜纸wiperfor lens水银温度计mercury-filledthermometer白大褂white gown真空泵vacuumpump水浴锅waterbath kettle口罩respirator电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode实验操作（manipulation）丢弃discard转移容器decant吸出aspirate 吹吸blowing and suction离心收集pellet重悬resuspend絮状沉淀flocculent precipitate浑浊的turbid烘bake灭菌sterilize均质化homogenize分装aliquot培养foster通风ventilate冷却chill down稀释dilute洗脱elute孵育incubate 超声破碎ultrasonication淬灭quench裂解物Lysate沉淀物Sediment上清Supernatant小滴droplet一批batch色谱chromatograph沉淀precipitate接种inoculate探针probe 蒸馏distil/distill搅拌Stir/agitate旋转swirl/ spin中和neutralize校准calibrate平衡equilibrate结块、块状沉淀clump粘稠的viscous漂洗rinse脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解dissolve燃烧combustion水解hydrolysis 过滤filtrate浓缩condense催化剂catalyst研磨grind破碎crush催化作用catalysis分解dissolution涡旋震荡Vortex电泳Electrophoresis抽滤suctionfiltration电转化electro-transformation收菌harvest切碎chop/mince灌注perfusion浆液slurry 仪器（apparatus）恒温循环仪Thermostaticcirculator 空调机AirconditionerpH计pHmeter 照度计(测量荧光素酶酶活)luminometer磁力搅拌器magneticstirrer烘箱oven 微波炉microwaveoven电磁炉electromagneticoven凝胶系统Gelsystem电子天平Electronicbalance转接器Adapter离心机centrifuge盖子lid/ cap封口设备Sealingequipment复印机Duplicator,copying machine超净工作台superclean bench通风橱fume cupboard药柜Cupboard高压蒸汽灭菌器autoclave电泳电源Electrophoresispower supply紫外灯Ultravioletillumination真空泵Vacuumpump 天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance涡旋振荡器VortexingmachineCO2培养箱CO2Incubators电子显微镜ElectroMicroscopy电泳仪ElectrophoresisSystem恒流泵constantflow pump解剖镜anatomicallensPCR仪Thermocycler倒置显微镜InvertedMicroscope核磁共振波谱仪NuclearMagnetic Resonance Spectrometer光学显微镜OpticalMicroscopy摇床Shaker培养箱incubator超滤器UltrahighPurity Filter超低温冰箱Ultra-lowTemperature Freezer超声破碎仪UltrasonicCell Disruptor紫外观察灯UltravioletLamp紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-VisibleSpectrophotometer计算器calculator/numerator化学试剂（reagent）1.氨基酸丙氨酸alanine(Ala, A) 缬氨酸valine(Val, V)亮氨酸leucine(Leu, L) 异亮氨酸isoleucine(Ile,I) 脯氨酸proline(Pro, P) 苯丙氨酸phenylalanine(Phe, F)色氨酸tryptophan(Trp, W)蛋氨酸methionine(Met, M)甘氨酸glycine(Gly, G)丝氨酸serine(Ser, S)氨酸threonine(Thr, T)半胱氨酸cysteine(Cys, C)酪氨酸tyrosine(Tyr, Y)天冬氨酸asparagines(Asn, N) 谷氨酰胺glutamine(Gln, Q)赖氨酸lysine(Lys, K)精氨酸arginine(Arg, R)组氨酸histidine(His, H)天冬氨酸asparticacid (Asp, D)谷氨酸glutamicacid (Glu, E)2.核苷酸腺苷adenosine 鸟嘌呤核苷guanosine 胞苷cytidine胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷thymidine尿嘧啶核苷uridine脱氧deoxy-3.其他化学试剂二甲苯Xylene冰乙酸Aceticacid glacial硼酸Boricacid氯化钙Calcium chloride巯基乙醇mercaptoethanol咪唑Imidazole盐酸胍guanidinehydrochloride无水乙醇absoluteethanol乙酸钠Sodiumacetate氯化钠Sodiumchloride生理盐水physiologicalsaline洗涤剂detergent十二烷基磺酸钠Sodiumdodecyl sulphate盐酸hydrochloricacid氢氧化钠sodiumhydrate/hydroxide胰蛋白胨Tryptone酵母提取物yeastextract琼脂Agar 甘油glycerin毒素endotoxin两性霉素amphotericin氨苄Ampicillin肝素heparin卡那霉素Kanamycin胰蛋白酶Trypsin溴化乙锭ethidium bromide胰岛素Insulin树脂resin糖类saccharide蔗糖Sucrose醋酸钾Potassiumacetate异丙醇Isopropanol醋酸铵Ammoniumacetate异戊醇Isoamylalcohol氯仿Chloroform 甲醇methanol遗传霉素geneticin糖原glycogen血清serum 高锰酸钾potassiumhypermanganate考马斯亮蓝Coomassiebrilliant blue液氮liquidnitrogen次氯酸钠clorox 苯酚phenol阴离子anion碱性alkalinity 实验室常用英语——化学生物类来美国学习遇到了一个很郁闷的事：走进实验室跟别人交流非常困难，自己做实验也是磕磕碰碰。
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测试名称常用术语英文对照Orientation drop test method 定向跌落测试Motor slowdown test 摩打减速测试loop drop test 跌机测试drape test 覆盖测试overload test 过载测试drop test 跌机测试impact test 冲击测试sound power level test 噪音测试airflow measurement 风量测试air steam temperature test 面板温升测试input test 功率,转速测试pull test 电线拉力测试fixation of attachment 附件吊重测试TCO switching off test 停机跳测试dry rated measurement 干燥值测试pull off force 拉力测试needle flame test 针焰测试electro magnetic compatibility 电磁干扰测试switch endurance test 开关寿命测试abnormal operation-short circuittof dioders in rectifier test 短路整流子测试air inlet partial block by PE bag 阻塞部分入风口测试nuisance test 损害测试floor drop test 跌落测试heating test 发热测试ball pressure test 球压测试normal run test 正常运转测试thermofuse overshoot test 灰士温度测试short motor test 短路摩打测试open diode test 断路整流子测试open motor test 断开摩打测试cord strain relief test 电线拉力测试heater glowing check 发红检查boot's grid temperature test 面板温升测试component failure 组件失效测试dual voltage abnormal test 双压非正常测试cool shot function 冷风制寿命测试realease button endurance test 释放制寿命测试anchorage test 电线拉力测试adhesive tape test 胶带粘扯测试cross hatch test 油层类测试constant humidity test 耐湿度测试water spillage test 溢水测试测试仪器常用术语英文对照code translator 译码器circuit tester 万用表screwdriver 螺丝起子swivel tester 转尾测试仪spring gauge 弹簧秤digital power meter 功率表adhensiontester 粘附力测试仪age tester 老化试验机angle tester 测角计error code tester 误码测试仪creep tester 蠕变试验仪dielectric strength tester 耐压测试仪digital tester 数字测试器distortion tester 失真测试仪flash point tester 闪点测定器impedance tester 阻抗试验仪midget tester 小型万用表moisture tester 湿度计puncture tester 耐(电)压试验器electrical leakage tester 漏电测量器leak tester 检漏器multiple-purpose tester 万能测试仪relay tester 继电器测试器tortion tester 扭力测试仪water resistance tester 防水检测仪digital phosphor oscilloscope 示波器digital phosphor oscilloscope 示波器jack cord 塞绳stroboscope 频闪观测仪(转速计)thermocouple grid 测温板spring balance 弹簧秤balance 天平scale 天平polarity finder 极性测定器amperometer 安培计,电流计test finger 试验指Plug temperature tester 插头温升测试仪Surface high-temperature resistance tester 表面热损伤试验机Length measurement 测长仪Comparative measurement instrument 比较仪Interference measurement instrument 干涉仪Indicator tester 百分表千分表检定仪Thickness meter 测厚仪Block gauge 量块2D measurement instrument 二次元General pressure gauge 普通压力表Precise pressue gauge 精密压力表Weight 砝码Torque wrench 扭力计Torque drive 扭力批Rubber durometer 橡胶硬度计Viscometer 粘度计Surface temperature meter 表面温度计Digital thermometer 数字温度计Thermometer and hygrometer 温湿度计Infrared ray thermometer 红外线温度计Low temperature oven 低温箱Salt spraying tester 盐雾试验机Constant temperature&humidity equipment 恒温恒湿箱Drying oven 干燥箱High-low temperature impact tester 高低温冲击试验机Burn resistance tester 燃烧试验机High-low capacity universal material tester 高低容量万能材料试验机Webster hardness 维氏硬度安规测试常用术语英文对照rated voltage 额定电压working voltage 工作电压rated current 额定电流rated frequency 额定频率normal operation 正常工作interconnection cord 互连软线type X attachment x型连接type Y attachment y型连接type Z attachment z型连接basic insulation 基本绝缘double insulation 双重绝缘supplementary insulation 附加绝缘reinforced insulation 加强绝缘class 01 appliance 01类器具class I appliance I类器具class II appliance II类器具class III appliance III类器具creepage distance 爬电距离clearance 电气间隙safety isolating transformer 安全隔离变压器portable appliance 便揳式器具stationary appliance 驻立式器具hand-held appliance 手持式器具built-in appliance 嵌装式器具non-detachable part 不可拆卸部件detachable part 可拆掉部件temperature limiter 限温器self-resetting thermal cut-out 自复位跳制non-self-resetting thermal cut-out 非自复位跳制protective device 保护装置accessible part 易触及部件heating appliance 电热器具user maintenance 用户维修保养electronic circuit 电子电路PTC heating element PTC电热组件rated voltage range 额定电压范围rated power input 额定输入功率rated power input range 额定输入功率范围rated frequency range 额定输入频率范围detachable cord 可拆卸软线supply cord 电源软线supply lead 电源引线extra-low voltage 安全特低电压thermal link 热熔体off position 断开位置live part 带电部件motor-operated appliance 电动器具electronic component 电子组件protective impedence 保护阻抗branch circuit 分支电路single-phase appliance 单相器具combined appliance 联合型器具appliance coupler 器具耦合器fixed wiring 固定布线protective conductor 保护导体transient overvoltage 瞬间过电压r.m.s values 有效值separate signaling circuit 单独信号电路contact separation 触点开距supply circuit 供电电路temperature sensing device 温度敏感装置EMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰EMC electro magnetic compatibility 电磁兼容性all-pole disconnection 全极断开electrical stress 电气应力earthing continuity 连续接地contact pressure 接触压力orthogonal projection 正交投影solid state control circuit 半导体控制电路tripping current 跳闸电流physical abuse 外观损坏。