专业英语之物理化学
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
•Intensive property （强度性质）
temperature pressure density viscosity （粘度）
Process （过程）
Isothermal process （等温~） Isobaric process （等压~ ） Isochoric process （等容~ ） Adiabatic process （绝热~ ） Reversible process （可逆~ ） Irreversible procesbs （不可逆~ ） Spontaneous process （自发~ ） Nonspotaneous process （非自发~）
Kevin-Planck statement: It is impossible to construct a device operating in a cycle that results in no effect other than the production of work by transferring heat from a single body.
Biophysical chemistry Materials science
Physromeritics[maɪkrəʊmɪ'rɪtɪks]微晶学
•Extensive property （广度性质）
volume weight heat capacity （热容） internal energy (内能)
The second law of thermodynamics
Clausius statement: It is not possible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and whose sole effect is to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter body.
Contents of physical chemistry
Chemical thermodynamics: It concerns with energy change: the routine of energy change, the change trend of equilibrium, and the equilibrium state. Chemical kinetics: It focuses on the rate of matter change: reaction rate, reaction mechanisms, reactor, and reactor scale-up. Structure chemistry: It concerns about the relation between matter properties and its microstructures.
The third law of thermodynamics
*The entropies of all substances in the perfect crystalline or the perfect liquid state are zero at the absolute zero of temperature (0 K). * It is impossible to attain a temperature of absolute zero.
2020/10/18
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
3
The first law of thermodynamics
*Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may change in forms.
What is Physical chemistry?
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic （宏观） , atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts. It applies the principles, practices and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and dynamics.
*Internal energy, work and heat in a closed system
dU = dW +dQ
Other concepts: enthalpy, heat capacity, isochoric(等体 积） , isobaric（恒压）, …
Processes: reversible, irreversible Isothermal（恒温）, adiabatic（绝热）, cyclic, free expansion
Branches and related topics
Thermochemistry
Chemical kinetics
Quantum chemistry Electrochemistry
Photochemistry
Surface chemistry
Solid-state chemistry Spectroscopy
Physical Chemistry
物理化学
Questions? 1. What is physical chemistry? 2. What is the first law of thermodynamics? 3. What is the second law of thermodynamics? 4. What are the state function and path function?
temperature pressure density viscosity （粘度）
Process （过程）
Isothermal process （等温~） Isobaric process （等压~ ） Isochoric process （等容~ ） Adiabatic process （绝热~ ） Reversible process （可逆~ ） Irreversible procesbs （不可逆~ ） Spontaneous process （自发~ ） Nonspotaneous process （非自发~）
Kevin-Planck statement: It is impossible to construct a device operating in a cycle that results in no effect other than the production of work by transferring heat from a single body.
Biophysical chemistry Materials science
Physromeritics[maɪkrəʊmɪ'rɪtɪks]微晶学
•Extensive property （广度性质）
volume weight heat capacity （热容） internal energy (内能)
The second law of thermodynamics
Clausius statement: It is not possible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and whose sole effect is to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter body.
Contents of physical chemistry
Chemical thermodynamics: It concerns with energy change: the routine of energy change, the change trend of equilibrium, and the equilibrium state. Chemical kinetics: It focuses on the rate of matter change: reaction rate, reaction mechanisms, reactor, and reactor scale-up. Structure chemistry: It concerns about the relation between matter properties and its microstructures.
The third law of thermodynamics
*The entropies of all substances in the perfect crystalline or the perfect liquid state are zero at the absolute zero of temperature (0 K). * It is impossible to attain a temperature of absolute zero.
2020/10/18
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
3
The first law of thermodynamics
*Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may change in forms.
What is Physical chemistry?
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic （宏观） , atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts. It applies the principles, practices and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and dynamics.
*Internal energy, work and heat in a closed system
dU = dW +dQ
Other concepts: enthalpy, heat capacity, isochoric(等体 积） , isobaric（恒压）, …
Processes: reversible, irreversible Isothermal（恒温）, adiabatic（绝热）, cyclic, free expansion
Branches and related topics
Thermochemistry
Chemical kinetics
Quantum chemistry Electrochemistry
Photochemistry
Surface chemistry
Solid-state chemistry Spectroscopy
Physical Chemistry
物理化学
Questions? 1. What is physical chemistry? 2. What is the first law of thermodynamics? 3. What is the second law of thermodynamics? 4. What are the state function and path function?