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国际贸易实务（第二版）课后答案下载国际贸易实务(第二版)导论随着我国计算机的不断发展，世界经济也逐渐由工业经济转变成为信息经济，使得国际间逐渐产生了信息产品贸易。

与此同时，电子商务也在全球范围内蓬勃兴起，已经成为推动世界经济快速增长的主要原动力，电子商务的快速发展使得国际贸易也在逐渐走向信息化的方向，为国际贸易的可持续发展创造了有利的条件。

现今电子商务已经成为了一种全新的商业模式，其主要运用互联网来作为载体，使得各行各业能够紧密的联系在一起，实现虚拟的交易与合作，从而产生新的业务和收入。

我们可以把电子商务看成一种新的业务转换，企业利用互联网的作用，来达到降低成本、提高效率的目的，使得企业的竞争力增强。

__就电子商务对国际贸易的影响进行了相应的探讨。

概念和意义在全球发展中，网络的建设已经极大程度的推动了企业的进步，电子商务在其中起着至关重要的作用，电子商务主要是运用互联网实现人们之间的各种商务活动。

所谓商务活动就是人与人之间利用计算机技术来实现物质的等价交换，其中就包括一些商业的活动等。

由此可见，电子商务已经成为了我国一种全新的商业模式，各种行业都可以参与到这个商业活动当中来，在此活动中实现一些现实的或者虚拟的商业活动，从而使企业中产生新的收入，人们从中获取新的业务。

从另一种角度来看，电子商务还可以看成是一种业务之间的转换，作为企业他们运用计算机技术和手段来实现经济业务活动，以此来达到增加经济效益，降低成本的作用，极大程度的提高了企业的竞争力。

因此，电子商务不但提高了企业的竞争意识，还使企业与企业，企业与个人之间的合作更加密切。

国际贸易中作用物色贸易伙伴在开展国际贸易之前，准确和清晰的`物色贸易伙伴是提高企业经济效益的有效措施，电子商务作为现今企业发展中最为重要的因素，在物色贸易伙伴的时候，由于电子商务在开展中，不会因为地域和时间的因素而有所影响，因此可以在一定程度上节约大量的人力和物力。

此外，企业还可以建立属于自己的，并利用电子商务这样一个有效的平台，来把自己本企业的基本信息和产品向全球的客户展现，从中获取相应的合作伙伴，也可以在其中选择自己满意的贸易伙伴来开展贸易合作关系。

国际贸易实务双语教程第二版习题参考答案

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business which involved the crossing of national borders2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people intere sted in a firm‟s products and services and by customers‟ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm‟s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers‟ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the …engine‟ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries joinin international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a cou ntry‟s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day‟s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grewand developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today‟s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation‟s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。

国际贸易实务习题集（第二版）答案孟祥年主编

国际贸易实务习题集（第⼆版）答案孟祥年主编第⼀章商品的品质、数量和包装⼀、名词解释1．FAQFair Average Quality即良好平均品质，指⼀定时期内某地出⼝商品的平均品质⽔平。

国际市场上买卖农副产品时常见的⼀种“标准”，在我国习惯上称为“⼤路货”。

2．GMQGood Merchantable Quality即上好可销品质，指卖⽅须保证其交付的货物品质良好，适合商品销售，⽽在成交时⽆须以其他⽅式去说明商品的具体品质。

在国际贸易中，适⽤于⽊材、冷冻鱼虾等⽔产品的买卖。

3．品质公差Quality Tolerance，它是指在⼯业品交易中，买⽅允许卖⽅所交货物的品质有⼀定幅度范围内的误差。

4．Counter Sample即对等样品，指卖⽅按买⽅来样复制、提供或加⼯出⼀个类似的样品交买⽅确认,确认后的样品即为“对等样品”。

也可称为“回样”或“确认样品”。

对等样品改变了交易的性质，把原来的凭买⽅样品买卖变为凭卖⽅样品买卖。

5．Duplicate Sample即复样，卖⽅向买⽅寄样品的同时给⾃⼰留存的样品，以备⽇后可能发⽣的品质争端，作交货或处理纠纷时核对。

6．Gross for Net即以⽑作净，指散装的⼤宗低价商品，⼀般⽆包装物，或⼀些有简单包装，但同货物重量相⽐很少，价值很低，因此在计价时，可以将⽑重当作净重计，这种⽅法称为“以⽑作净”。

7．Conditioned Weight即公量，指⽤科学的⽅法将商品的实际⽔分抽出，再加标准含⽔量所得的重量，这种⽅法适⽤于⽺⽑、⽣丝等经济价值较⾼但含⽔量⼜极不稳定的商品。

8． More or Less Clause即溢短装条款，指在买卖合同中的数量条款中明确规定可以增减的百分⽐，但以不超过规定数量的百分⽐为限。

9．Neutral Packing即中性包装，指既不标明⽣产国别、地名和⼚商名称，也不标明原有商品的商标或品牌的包装。

10．Shipping Mark即运输标志，俗称“唛头”，通常是由⼀个简单的⼏何图形和⼀些字母、数字及简单的⽂字组成，其作⽤在于使装卸、运输、保管过程中的有关⼈员识别货物以防错发错运，它通常由发货⼈或收货⼈代号、⽬的地名称、批件号、参考号等四部分组成。

(完整版)国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案(20210206064729)

III. Explain the followi ng terms1. shipme nt con tractShipme nt con tract is a con tract using an In coterm which in dicates that the delivery happe ns at the time or before the time of shipme nt.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submissi on of tran sport docume nt by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival con tractArrival con tract means a con tract using an In coterm which in dicates that the delivery happe ns whe n the goods arrive at the desti natio n.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questi ons1. Who pays for loadi ng for shipme nt un der FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for un loadi ng un der CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and con trast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is resp on sible for uni oadi ng the goods at the port of desti nati on, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway tran sportatio n.Differen ces: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocea n tran sportatio n; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportati on and in sura nce aga inst the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the tran sfer of risks?Shipme nt con tract terms vs. arrival con tract terms. Un der shipme nt con tract terms the seller's risk will be tran sferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipme nt. Un der arrival con tract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods un til the goods arrive at the desti nati on.5. What are the differe nces and similarities betwee n CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should con tract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not tak ing the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway tran sport,b. Un der CPT the seller's risk will be tran sferred to the buyer whe n the goods are han ded over to the first carriernominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should con tract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not tak ing the risk of loss of or damage to the goods duri ng the tran sportati on, c. The seller must obta in in sura nce aga inst the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed overto the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods areloaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing? Importing. FOB should beused with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly.However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The sellerrequired the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within theshipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1）首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。

国际贸易理论与实务(第2版)(教材)习题答案

国际贸易理论与实务（第2版）（教材）习题答案国际贸易理论与实务(第2版)习题与参考答案第一章绪论【试一试】单项选择题（P2）1．通常所说的国际贸易货物额是指（）。

A．世界出口货物总额 B.世界进口货物总额 C．世界进出口货物总额 D. 世界贸易量2．一般情况下，随着一国参与国际分工的程度加深，其对外贸易依存度将会（）。

A．提高 B. 下降C．不变 D. 变化方向不确定 3．一国的进出口贸易收支状况用（）来反映。

A．对外贸易额 B. 贸易差额 C．对外贸易量D. 国际贸易量 4．转口贸易又称（）A．直接贸易 B. 间接贸易 C．过境贸易 D. 中转贸易5．能指明一国出口货物和服务的去向与进口货物和服务的来源，并能反映出一国与其他国家或国家集团之间经济贸易联系程度的指标是（）。

A．对外贸易地理方向B. 国际贸易地理方向 C．对外贸易商品结构 D. 国际贸易商品结构参考答案：1. A、2. A、3. B、4. D、5. A课堂讨论1－1: 2021-2021年我国贸易条件系数与其他经济体相比的特点有哪些？（P5）参考答案：与其他经济体相比，我国的贸易条件系数呈逐步降低趋势，表明贸易条件逐渐恶化；而其他经济体的贸易系数呈上升趋势，贸易条件逐渐改善。

课堂讨论1-2：结合以上表格数据，分析我国对外贸易发展存在的结构性问题是什么？（P6）参考答案：（1）从外贸依存度所反映的贸易规模来看，我国已经是贸易大国，但从商品结构看，尚属贸易弱国；（2）重要资源性商品、关键设备和零部件的外贸依存度过高，存在贸易安全隐患；（3）服装、纺织及家电等产业出口依存度过高；（4）对发达国家市场依赖性过高；（5）贸易条件恶化，我国对国外的供给依赖远远大于国外对我国产品的需求依赖，容易陷入比较优势陷阱；（6）外贸规模增大，但对国内经济的贡献在相对下降。

第二章国际贸易理论【试一试】单项选择题（P12）1．绝对成本理论的代表人物是（）。

《国际贸易实务》第2版习题答案人大版

项目一分析市场寻找客户任务一问题探究（P8）1、选择具有比较优势的产品；2、选择生活必须品等数量较大的产品；3、不宜选择价格低、体积特别大的泡货。

任务二问题探究（P17）1、市场调研的方法有文献调研法和实地调研法两种；对于销往国家可以查一查中国最大的贸易伙伴前三位，查一查这些国家对相应的农产品和服装类产品的进口制定的具体监管措施。

2、可以查一查哪些国家的奶粉（因国产奶粉存在一些问题，很多购买力强的人愿意购买进口奶粉）性价比高，然后去了解这些国家和我们国家的贸易状况和相关的贸易协定签署情况。

任务三问题探究（P24）1、展台设计可搜索相关网站介绍；参考网站：/sohrtion.html2、请参考课本20页国外客户资信调查的途径相关内容。

思考练习：一、案例分析题参考答案：１、知己知彼，不打无准备之战；２、选择高素质的谈判人员；３、拟定谈判目标，明确谈判最终目的；４、制定谈判策略；５、谈判地点的确定；６、谈判座位的安排；项目二交易磋商问题探究（P31）1、参考课本17页。

2、参考课本20页。

问题探究（P36）1、书面发盘和口头发盘。

传达到受盘人生效。

2、不可以；可以（符合公约规定条件时）。

问题探究（P40）1、合同成立；以修改后的包装条款为准。

2、立即主动联系受盘人，确定逾期接受延误的原因，表明自己的态度。

一、填空题1、口头，书面，询盘、发盘、还盘、接受，发盘、接受；2、要约，递盘；3、价格、付款方式、质量，交货时间，一方当事人对另一方当事人赔偿的责任范围；4、到达受盘人，叫发盘撤回；5、承诺，“到达生效”，“投邮生效”二、判断1、×；2、×；3、×；4、√；5、×；6、√；7、√；8、√；9、√；10、×三、单项选择1、C；2、C；3、B；4、C；5、B；6、C；7、C；8、A；9、B；10、C；11、B；12、D；13、A；14、B；15、B四、案例分析题1、不赔偿；因为10月2日的发盘经美商10日还盘时已失效，已经不能接受该发盘。

(NEW)黎孝先《国际贸易实务》(第2版)课后习题详解

目　录第一篇　国际贸易术语第1章　贸易术语与国际贸易惯例第2章　适用于各种运输方式的贸易术语第3章　适用于水上运输方式的贸易术语第二篇　国际货物买卖合同第4章　合同的主体和标的第5章　国际货物运输第6章　国际货物运输保险第7章　进出口商品的价格第8章　国际货款的收付第9章　进出口商品检验第10章　争议的预防与处理第三篇　国际货物买卖合同的商订与履行第11章　国际商务谈判第12章　国际货物买卖合同的订立第13章　进出口合同的履行第14章　违约及其法律救济方法第四篇　国际贸易方式第15章　独家经销与独家代理第16章　寄售与展卖第17章　招投标与拍卖第18章　期货交易与套期保值第19章　对销贸易第20章　加工贸易第21章　电子商务与无纸贸易第一篇　国际贸易术语第1章　贸易术语与国际贸易惯例1试举例说明贸易术语在国际贸易业务中的作用。

答：贸易术语在国际贸易业务中的作用可以归纳为：（1）每种贸易术语都有其特定的含义，一些国际惯例对各种贸易术语也作了统一的解释和规定，这些解释与规定在国际上被广泛接受，成为从事国际贸易的行为准则。

因此，买卖双方只要商定按何种贸易术语成交，即可明确彼此在货物交接方面所应承担的风险、责任和费用。

这就大大简化了交易手续，缩短了洽商时间，从而节约了费用开支。

（2）由于贸易术语可以表示商品的价格构成因素，所以，买卖双方确定成交价格时，必然要考虑采用的贸易术语中包含哪些从属费用，如运费、保险费、装卸费、关税、增值税和其他费用，这就有利于交易双方进行比价和加强成本核算。

（3）买卖双方签约时，可能对某些涉及当事人权利和义务的问题规定得不明确，致使履约中产生的争议不能依据合同的规定解决，这种情况下，可以援引有关贸易术语的一般解释来处理。

所以，熟练掌握国际贸易中的各种贸易术语，有利于妥善解决贸易争端。

2贸易惯例与习惯做法有何联系与区别？答：（1）国际贸易惯例与习惯做法之间的联系国际贸易业务中反复实践的习惯做法经过权威机构加以总结、编纂与解释，从而形成为国际贸易惯例。

53067-00 国际贸易实务(第二版)专业知识与技能同步训练答案[23页]

《国际贸易实务》（第二版）专业知识与技能同步训练参考答案学习情境一贸易准备一、连线题：请为以下商品选择合适的品质表示方式。

粉丝，产于龙口 A.凭样品买卖做工精细的工艺品 B.凭规格买卖鸭绒 C.凭说明书买卖精密仪器 D.凭商标买卖乒乓球：红双喜牌 E.凭产地买卖1-E ,2-A ,3-B ,4-C ,5-D二、填空题1.国际经济环境国际政治和法律环境国际文化环境2.直接信息来源间接信息来源3.探索性调研、描述性调研、因果性调研、预测性调研。

4. 重量、数量、长度、面积、体积、容积。

5. 运输包装、销售包装。

6. 凭样品、凭规格、凭标准、凭等级、凭说明书和图样买卖、凭商标或品牌买卖、凭产地名称买卖三、单选题B B A DC B B A B D四、不定项选择题1.BD2.ABCD3.ABD4.ABCD5. ACD6. ABCD7. ABCD8. ABC五、分析题1.采用中性包装有什么好处？答：由于中性包装不注明生产国名、地名、厂名，也不注明原来的商标牌号，这样就可以打破某些国家对从特定国家或地区进口（或特定商标牌号）的商品的关税与非关税限制，从而进入该国市场。

2.某外商欲购买我国某公司的“太阳花牌”手袋，但要求不用原商标而改为“飞鱼牌”，并且不注明“中国制造”字样。

请问我方是否可以接受这一要求？应该注意什么问题？答：可以接受，但是，需要注意相关法律法规和产权问题。

3.谈一谈国际市场调研中需要考虑哪些基本的问题。

答：（1）语言问题，语言是一种文化差异，国际营销调研人员要熟悉当地语言，否则调查无从谈起，不同的语言有不同的内涵；（2）其他社会文化问题，文化差异不仅表现在语言方面，也反映在社会体制和生活习俗等方面，一种情况是对外国人的不信任感，一种情况是妇女的地位问题，还有家庭结构和社会传统及心理因素问题；3.基础设施问题，通讯、邮政、街道牌名等基础设施条件的好坏直接关系到市场调查的效率。

4.简述在线问卷的特点。

国际贸易实务二试题和答案

国际贸易实务二试题和答案2012年1月高等教育自学考试中英合作商务管理专业考试国际贸易实务（二）试题(课程代码00811)注意事项：1．考试时间165分钟。

2．试题包括必答题与选答题两部分，必答题满分60分，选答题满分40分。

一、一、三题为必答题，每题20分。

四、五、六、七题为选答题，每题20分，任选两题回答，不得多选，多选者只按选答的前两题计分。

3．选择题用铅笔(2B)将答案填涂在答题卡上，其他试题用黑色字迹的签字笔把答案按题号写在答题纸上，不必抄写题目。

在本试卷上作答无效。

4．可使用计算器、直尺等文具。

第一部分必答题（本部分包括一、二、三题，每题20分，共60分。

）一、本题包括第1-20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

在每个小题给出的四个选项中只有一项符合题目要求。

1．首先提出绝对优势理论的经济学家是A.亚当·斯密B.大卫·李嘉图C.卡尔·马克思D.凯恩斯2．首先提出比较优势理论的经济学家是A.亚当·斯密B.大卫·李嘉图C.卡尔·马克思D.凯恩斯3．在古代，远距离的国际贸易商品局限在A.基本食品B.基础的建筑材料C.武器装备D.奢侈品4．一国商品的进出口平衡称为A.贸易平衡B.无形贸易平衡C.经常项目平衡D.资本项目平衡5．在国际贸易中所占份额最大的商品是A.原材料 B．石油和能源C．制成品 D.服务6．属于外国直接投资( FDI)的是A.国外开设银行账户B.购买外国政府债券C.购买外国公司无表决权的股份D.获得某个外国公司绝大部分股份7．有助于平衡贸易逆差的政策措施是A.允许本币升值B.减少国内需求C.降低国内利率D.降低进口关税8．贸易自由化政策表现为A.加强外汇管制B.采取自动出口限制C.降低关税D.增加非关税壁垒9．战略性贸易政策主张政府应该A.推进贸易自由化B.用关税保护国内所有产业C.保护现有的重要产业D.扶持国内新兴产业10. 2010年经常项目顺差最大的国家是A.中国B.德国C．日本 D.美国11.在全球范围内推动贸易自由化的组织是A.国际货币基金组织B.联合国贸易发展委员会C.世界银行D.世界贸易组织12.差异性营销策略适用于A.标准化产品B.细分市场C.全球市场D.出口商的资源有限13.与企业物流管理相关的是A.计算机软件开发 B．供应链管理C.企业决策的所有方面D.复式记账14.人民币升值使中国A.进出口商品都更便宜B.进出口商品都更昂贵C．进口商品更便宜、出口商品更昂贵D.进口商品更昂贵、出口商品更便宜15.对出口商风险最小的支付方式是A.信用证B.汇票C.赊账 D．预付16.从价税是A.只适用于奢侈品进口 B．只适用于服务进口C．不随商品价格变化而变化 D.随商品价格变化而变化17. BOLERO的正确表述是A.管理银行的规则B.管理货物的铁路运输C．南美自由贸易区 D.给海运电子提单提供注册18.代理人的正确表述是A.代理人从委托人处获得商品的所有权B.代理协议必须是书面的C．代理人必须有代理资格 D.代理人必须对委托人的货物负责19.国际销售合同中的管辖权条款是A.冻结买方资产的条款 B．转移所有权给买方的条款C．规定某国法院对争议案有管辖权的条款D.规定适用于《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的条款20.留置权（指在支付之前保留货物的所有权）适用的情况是A.买方开立信用证购买货物B.货物通过信用证出售单信用证失效C．买方的承运人具有货物所有权 D.货款已支付仔细阅读下面案例并回答二、三题。

国际贸易实务(第二版)

2012年07月“国际贸易实务（第二版）”考试练习题一单选题1．我某公司于5月18日向英商发盘限23日复到有效，22日接该商回电称：“接受你方18日发盘，以获得进口许可证为准。

”这是（）。

A．有效的接受B．有条件的接受C．还盘D．发盘2．我方出口葡萄酒一批，合同中规定该酒含酒精为16%士0.5%。

这里的士0.5%是（）。

A．溢短装条款B．合理温差C．品质公差D．误差3．某公司向欧洲某客户于3月16日发盘，限3月20日复到有效，3月18日对方来电称，“你方16日电接受，希望在5月装船”。

我方未做出回应，于是（）。

A．需经该公司确认后交易才达成B．这笔交易达成C．属于还盘，交易未达成D．属于有条件接受，交易未达成4．下列风险，哪些是保险公司的不保风险（）。

A．自然灾害B．意外事故C．除外风险D．外来风险5．某项发盘于某月12日以电报形式送达受盘人，但在此前的11日，发盘人以一传真告知受盘人，发盘无效，此行为属于（）。

A．发盘的撤回B．发盘的修改C．一项新发盘D．发盘的撤销6．按照《公约》的规定，一项确定的发盘（）。

A．必须表明货物的名称、数量、包装、价格B．交货期和支付方式C．必须表明品名、数量、价格D．必须表明品名、数量、价格、装运期7．在进出口贸易实践中，对当事人行为无强制性约束的规范是（）。

A．国内法B．国际法C．国际贸易惯例D．国际条约8．对于低值产品，船公司一般按其（）重量计收运费。

A．净重B．毛重C．法定重量D．理论重量9．国际贸易中，以CFR目的港价格术语成交出口应由（）。

A．买方租船订舱并办理保险B．卖方租船订舱并办理保险C．卖方租船订舱并负担到目的港的运费，买方自办保险并负担保险费D．买方租船订舱并负担到目的港的运费，卖方自办保险并负担保险费10．DDU是由（）办理进口手续，负担进口捐税。

A．卖方B．买方C．两者都可D．第三方11．《1990年通则》中，与“核查、包装及标记”的卖方义务相对应的买方义务为（）。

《国际贸易实务》(第二版) PPT、习题答案第四章第二节

（1）一般附加险一般附加险已包括在一切险内
（2）特殊附加险
（二）责任起讫
基本险一般附加险
仓至仓条款（W / W Clause）
特殊附加险
罢工险战争险
水面危险
（三）除外责任
➢ 被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失 ➢ 属于发货人责任所引起的损失 ➢ 在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品
质不良或数量短缺所造成的损失
海上风险
一、风险
海
外来风险
因
上
实际全损
风
全部损失
险
推定全损
损二、海损失与
部分损失
共同海损单独海损
果
费
用
施救费用
三、费用
救助费用
第二部分海洋货物运输保险条款
一、我国海洋货物运输保险条款二、伦敦保险协会海保险条款
➢责任范围★ ➢责任起讫 ➢除外责任 ➢被保险人义务 ➢索赔期限
一、我国海洋货物运输保险条款
二、海运货物保险承保的损失
海上损失
全部损失部分损失
实际全损
推定失
1.实际全损
是指被保险货物完全灭失，或完全变质，或货物实际上已经不可能归还保险人。
（一）全部损失
2.推定全损
是指被保险货物发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已经不可避免，或为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用与继续将货物运到目的地费用之和超过保险价值。
仅指运输工具搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、船舶与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸等。
（二）外来风险
1.一般外来风险
是指由于一般外来原因所造成的风险。主要包括：偷窃、提货不着、渗漏、短量、碰损、破碎、钩损、淡水雨淋、生锈、玷污、受潮受热、串味等。

国际贸易实务双语教程第二版习题参考答案

1 Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business which involved the crossing of national borders 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies. 3. To gain profit. 4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 5. There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and and Multinational Multinational Enterprise. 6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 1) 1) direct direct direct investment investment investment takes takes takes place place place when when when control control control follows follows follows the the the investment. investment. investment. It It It usually usually usually means means means high high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties. 2) 2) While While While portfolio portfolio portfolio investments investments investments are are are not not not under under under control. control. control. And And And they they they are are are used used used primarily primarily primarily for for for financial financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments. 9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest. 11. 11. The The The choice choice choice of of of forms forms forms is is is influenced influenced influenced by by by the the the objective objective objective being being being pursued pursued pursued and and and the the the environments environments environments in in which the company must operate. 12. 12. It It It is is is limited limited limited by by by the the the number number number of of of people people people intere intere interested sted sted in in in a a a firm‟s firm‟s products products and and and services services services and and and by by customers‟ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm‟s resources.14. 14. Royalties Royalties Royalties means means means the the the payment payment payment for for for use use use of of of assets assets assets from from from abroad, abroad, abroad, such such such as as as for for for trademarks trademarks trademarks patens, patens, copyrights, copyrights, or other expertise under or other expertise under contract contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising. 15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers‟ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H III Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润边际利润 16收入及支出；岁入及岁出收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率市场占有率 17超额能力超额能力 8贸易歧视贸易歧视 18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人；经纪人9时机选择时机选择 19全部包建的工程承包方式全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期经销周期 20许可证协定许可证协定IV Case Study 1 [Answer]：Batteries Batteries called called called "white "white "white elephant" elephant" elephant" exported exported exported from from from China China China were were were very very very popular popular popular in in in Southeast Southeast Southeast Asia, Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the the battery battery battery or or or the the the price price price of of of reasons, reasons, reasons, so so so he he he asked asked asked his his his staff staff staff to to to investigate. investigate. investigate. Finally Finally Finally he he he found found found that that that is is is the the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which which meant meant meant something something something were were were no no no use use use but but but cumbersome cumbersome cumbersome in in in Western Western Western countries. countries. countries. It It It was was was really really really a a a bad bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, legend, there there there was was was a a a king king king who who who hated hated hated a a a minister, minister, minister, so so so he he he gave gave gave a a a white white white elephant elephant elephant to to to the the the minister minister minister for for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome. V . OpenVI.Translate the following into English 1. Trade is often the …engine‟ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many many ways. ways. ways. Among Among Among them them them are are are the the the benefits benefits benefits of of of specialization; specialization; specialization; the the the favorable favorable favorable effects effects effects of of of international international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment. 2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between between nations. nations. nations. Nations Nations Nations such such such as as as Greece Greece Greece and and and Norway Norway Norway have have have large large large maritime maritime maritime fleets fleets fleets and and and provide provide transportation transportation service. service. service. This This This is is is a kind a kind of invisible trade. I nvisible trade Invisible trade can be as important to to some some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities. 3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area. 4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy buy goods goods goods and and and services services services from from from abroad abroad abroad on on on a a a barter barter barter basis. basis. basis. Barter Barter Barter means means means doing doing doing business business business by by by exchanging exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a cou n try‟s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing ntry‟s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade. Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited) II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying; 2.agent, foreign/overseas; mission; 4.own; 5.setting; 6.patent; 7.profits; 8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiary III. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T IV . Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested 1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract. 2. 2. Withdrawal: Withdrawal: It It means means means an an an offer offer offer by by by the the the offerer offerer offerer has has has been been been withdrawn withdrawn withdrawn before before before it it it is is is reached reached reached to to to the the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force. 3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter. 4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer. 5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V . Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son, 19 Cheapside, London, E.C.2 Dear Sirs, We have obtained y our name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district. We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars: KeyDear Sirs, Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your your customers customers customers for for for our our our raincoats. raincoats. raincoats. Our Our Our "D.D." "D.D." "D.D." range range range is is is particularly particularly particularly suitable suitable suitable for for for warm warm warm climates, climates, climates, and and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface. For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: "D.D." Raincoats 100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450 100 men's small 14.0 1,400 100 women's medium 13.2 1,320 100 women's small 12.7 1,270 US$ 5,440 Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sight Shipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C. This This offer offer offer is is is subject subject subject to to to our our our final final final confirmation. confirmation. confirmation. We We We feel feel feel you you you may may may be be be interested interested interested in in in our our our other other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference. We are awaiting your early orders. Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys: Dear Sirs, We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms. Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests. In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods ” or “drawing on us at 60 day ‟s sight ”. Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet. In today‟s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self -sufficient nations are self-sufficient. self-sufficient. Nations Nations Nations have have have utilized utilized utilized different different different economic economic economic resources; resources; resources; people people people have have have developed developed developed different different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities. Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned mentioned above, above, above, is is is that that that no no no nation nation nation has has has all all all of of of the the the commodities commodities commodities than than than it it it needs. needs. needs. Raw Raw Raw materials materials materials are are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar. Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other other countries. countries. countries. It It It is is is cheaper cheaper cheaper for for for the the the United United United States States States to to to buy buy buy these these these from from from Japan Japan Japan than than than to to to produce produce produce them them domestically. Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces produces more more more automobiles automobiles automobiles than than than any any any other other other country, country, country, it it it still still still imports imports imports large large large quantities quantities quantities of of of autos autos autos from from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation‟s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to to combine combine combine the the the income income income it it it receives, receives, receives, for for for example, example, example, from from from exports, exports, exports, tourists tourists tourists expenditures, expenditures, expenditures, and and and immigrant immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is t hen spent then spent on such items as manufactured goods from o ther other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers. IX. Case Study [Answer]: A 公司与B 公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A 公司对包装做出了要求。

国际贸易实务第二版---练习题答案--全部

练习题参考答案第一章一．判断题1√2×3×4√5√6√7√8×9×10√二．单选题：1A 2A 3B 4B 5A 6？7A 8 B 9A 10C三．多选题：1BCD 2ABC 3ACD 4ABCD 5BD 6ABCD 7BCD 8ABCD 9ABC 10ABCD第二章一．判断题：1×2×3√4√5×6×7×8√9×10√二．单选题：1B 2B 3A 4A 5C 6A 7C 8A 9A 10A 11B12A 13C14 A 15 A16 A 17B 18B 19 B 20A 21A 22 A 23B三．多选题：1ABC 2 ACD 3ABD 4ABC 5AC 6ABD 7ABCD 8BD 9ABC 10ABCD 11ABCD 12ABCD四．案例题1.答：最多：1磅=0.45359公斤，40磅=400.45359公斤=18.144公斤（10（1+5%）1000）18.144=578箱（尾数应去掉）最少：（10（15%）1000）18.144=524箱（尾数应进位）2.答：《统一惯例》规定：“凡“约”，“大约”用于有关信用证金额或数量或单价者，当解释为允许其金额或数量或单价有不超过10%的增减金额。

据此，我多装2 公吨亦可。

但来证的金额前并无类似“约”或“大约“的词语，故如持22公吨的发票和8800美元的汇票向银行办理议付，肯定不行。

因此，在签约时，如数量内约量，则来证之金额也应有相关规定。

否则，不能多装。

特别是对外汇紧缺和管制严格的国家尤应如此。

3.答：国外这一要求实质是定牌中性包装，一般可接受。

不过在接受法定牌名或指定商标时应注意其牌名或商标是否在国内外已有第三者进行注册。

在无法判明的情况下，为安全起见应在合同中列明“如发生工业产权争议应由买方负责“的条款，以防不测。

4．答：对方的要求是合理的，卖方交货的数量应严格按照信用证的规定执行，并按商品的净重交货。

国际贸易实务第二版第五章课后答案

国际贸易实务第二版第五章课后答案第一篇：国际贸易实务第二版第五章课后答案1、进出口商品价格的制定原则是什么？确定进出口商品价格时应考虑哪些因素？各种贸易术语价格如何换算？制定原则：国际市场价格作价、结合销售意图作价、充分考虑商品的各种差价。

考虑因素：（1）商品条件（2）国际市场条件（3）经济环境因素（4）成交条件（5）企业的购销意图—国际市场营销战略各种贸易术语价格如何换算： FOB价换算为CFR价、CIF价 CFR价=FOB价+国外运费CIF价=（FOB价+国外运费）/（1-投保加成×保险费率）CFR价换算为FOB价、CIF价 FOB价=CFR价-国外运费CIF价=CFR价/（1-投保加成×保险费率）CIF价换算为FOB价、CFR价FOB价=CIF价×（1-投保加成×保险费率）-国外运费CFR价=CIF价×（1-投保加成×保险费率）FCA价、CPT价、CIP价之间的换算FOB→FCA、CFR → CPT、CIF→CIP2、如何计算出口商品盈亏率和出口商品换汇成本？出口商品盈亏率：出口商品盈亏率=（出口销售人民币净收入-出口总成本）/出口总成本*100% 出口商品换汇成本：出口商品换汇成本=出口总成本（人民币）/出口外汇净收入（美元）出口创汇率：出口创汇率=（成品出口外汇净收入-原料外汇成本）原料外汇成本*100%3、国际贸易中得作价方法有哪些？非固定价格有哪些优缺点？一固定价格二非固定价格非固定价格优点：（1）暂时解决价格方面分歧，有利于早日达成协议（2）解除客户对价格风险的疑虑，有利于签订交货期长的合同（3）有利于进出口双方保持合理的贸易利益涨价时：有利于出口商不失时机的做成生意降价时：有利于进口商保证一定的转售利润非固定价格缺点：使合同无法执行、使合同无效5、浮动汇率制度对国际贸易业务有哪些影响？（1）固定汇率制度和浮动汇率制度（2）浮动汇率制下的计价货币选择与对外报价 1.掌握外币浮动规律, 选定进出口计价货币出口时选择硬币做为计价货币进口时选用软币做为计价货币2.根据外币浮动情况, 确定出口价格的计算标准3.根据不同货币的浮动情况，调整对外报价本币报价：本币升值时降低报价；本币贬值时提高报价外币报价：为软币时提高报价；为硬币时降低报价6、什么叫佣金和折扣？两者有何区别？在国际贸易中，如何正确使用佣金与折扣？佣金：代理人或经纪人为委托人进行交易而收取的报酬折扣：卖方给予买方的价格减让（明扣与暗扣）区别：1）折扣：在商务活动的过程中，在买方对价格不满意的情况下，买方经常会提出折扣的问题。

新编国际贸易实务(第二版)练习题答案

第一章商品的品名、品质、数量和包装一、单项选择1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. D二、多项选择题1. ABCD2. AB3. BC4. CD5. ABC6. ABCD7. ABD8. BC9. ACD 10. BD三、名词解释题（如系英文，先译成中文，然后就其含义作解释）1. 对等样品：当买卖双方采用凭样成交时，卖方为了减少交货时的风险可根据买方提供的样品，加工复制出一个类似的商品交买方确认，这种经确认后的样品，称为对等样品，也有的称其为确认样品或回样。

2. FAQ：是Far Average Quality 的简称，它表示一定时期内某地出口货物的平均品质水平，习称“良好平均品质”，一般是指中等货或大路货而言。

在国际货物贸易中，某些品质变化较大而难以规定统一标准的农副产品，往往用此术语来表示其品质。

在我国出口农副产品时，除用FAQ 这一术语来表示其品质外，同时还在合同中约定具体规格。

3. 理论重量：是指某些商品的规格和尺寸比较固定，重量大致相等，只要根据张数或件数即可推算出商品重量的方法。

四、简答题1. 在买卖合同中规定商品名称具有重要的法律意义和实践意义。

因为，商品名称是说明商品的一个主要组成部分，也是买卖双方交接货物的一项基本依据。

可见，品名条款是合同中的一项主要条款。

在规定品名条款时，应当注意下列事项：（1）条款内容应明确、具体。

（2）根据需要和可能作出实事求是的规定。

（3）尽可能使用国际上通用的名称。

（4）合理选择有利于降低费用和方便进出口的名称。

2. 商品的品质是指商品的内在质量和外观形态的综合。

例如，商品的化学成分、物理和机械性能、生物特征、造型、结构、色、香、味以及技术指标等等，均可分别用来表示某一商品的质量。

广义上的商品品质，除包括上述内在特征外，还包括颜色、光泽、透明度、款式、花色等外在因素。

由于国际贸易中的商品种类繁多，特点各异，故表示品质的方法也多种多样，归纳起来，可分为两大类：一类是以实物表示商品品质，包括看货买卖和凭样成交，在凭样品成交中，可以采用以卖方样品为准，或以买方样品为准，也可以凭对等样品即确认样品买卖。

国际贸易实务练习二答案

国际贸易实务练习二（答案）一、翻译并解释下列名词（每题3分共12分）1．Trade Terms贸易术语。

是指用一个简短的概念或外文缩写用来表明商品的价格构成，划分买卖双方在货物交换过程中有关手续、费用和风险责任的专门用语。

2．INCOTERMS2000《2000通则》是由国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则》的简称。

《2000通则》于2000年1月1日生效，共解释了13个贸易术语，是目前使用范围最广、影响最大的国际贸易惯例。

3．International Practice国际贸易惯例。

是指在国际贸易的长期实践中所形成的一系列具有普遍意义的习惯做法及其解释。

4．Commission佣金。

是买方或卖方给予代理人或经纪人以及中间商对其介绍交易、代买代卖商品或提供服务的报酬。

二、问答题（每题5分共10 分）1．简述装运港交货的三种贸易术语与货交承运人的三种贸易术语之间的异同。

答：相同之处：FCA、CPT、CIP三种术语是分别从FOB、CFR、CIF三种术语发展起来的，买卖双方责任划分的基本原则是相同的。

不同之处表现在如下方面：(1)适用的运输方式不同；(2) 交货和风险转移的地点不同；(3)装卸费用的负担不同；(4)运输单据不同：(5)投保险别不同。

2．国际贸易中的商品单价应包括哪些必不可少的内容?答：国际贸易中的商品单价是指单位商品的价格。

单价包括四项必不可少的内容：即计价货币、单位金额、计量单位、贸易术语。

三、单项选择题（每题1分共15 分）1．按照《2000通则》规定，如果双方以CFR术语成交，买卖双方风险划分界线为( A )。

A．以货越过船舷为界 B．以货交第一承运人为界C．以目的港交货为界 D．以船边交货为界2．以FOB／CIF术语成交的合同，应当由( C )来办理保险。

A．卖方／买方 B．买方／买方 C．买方／卖方 D．卖方／卖方3．就卖方承担的费用而言，下列术语排列顺序正确的是( D )。

国际贸易理论与实务第2版教材习题答案

国际贸易理论与实务(第2版)习题与参考答案第一章绪论【试一试】单项选择题（P2）1．通常所说的国际贸易货物额是指（）。

A．世界出口货物总额 B. 世界进口货物总额C．世界进出口货物总额 D. 世界贸易量2．一般情况下，随着一国参与国际分工的程度加深，其对外贸易依存度将会（）。

A．提高 B. 下降C．不变 D. 变化方向不确定3．一国的进出口贸易收支状况用（）来反映。

A．对外贸易额 B. 贸易差额C．对外贸易量 D. 国际贸易量4．转口贸易又称（）A．直接贸易 B. 间接贸易C．过境贸易 D. 中转贸易5．能指明一国出口货物和服务的去向与进口货物和服务的来源，并能反映出一国与其他国家或国家集团之间经济贸易联系程度的指标是（）。

A．对外贸易地理方向 B. 国际贸易地理方向C．对外贸易商品结构 D. 国际贸易商品结构参考答案：1. A、2. A、3. B、4. D、5. A课堂讨论1－1: 2003-2009年我国贸易条件系数与其他经济体相比的特点有哪些？（P5）参考答案：与其他经济体相比，我国的贸易条件系数呈逐步降低趋势，表明贸易条件逐渐恶化；而其他经济体的贸易系数呈上升趋势，贸易条件逐渐改善。

第二章国际贸易理论【试一试】单项选择题（P12）1．绝对成本理论的代表人物是（）。

A．亚当.斯密 B. 大卫.李嘉图C．赫克歇尔 D. 俄林2．在李嘉图的比较成本学说中，国际贸易产生的原因是由于两国的（）。

《国际贸易实务》冷柏军编(第2版)课后思考题及习题答案

国际贸易实务导论1、国际贸易业务有哪些特点？了解这些特点对我国企业从事国际商务活动有何实际意义？国际贸易的主要特点：1、国际贸易属于跨国交易，情况错综复杂；2、国际贸易线长面广，中间环节多；3、国际贸易风险大，不稳定性高；4、国际市场商战不断，竞争激烈。

2、进出口贸易业务的基本流程包括哪些环节？在各环节应注意哪些事项？出口贸易的基本流程：（1）出口交易前的准备工作阶段（2）交易磋商和签订合同阶段（3）出口合同履行阶段进口贸易的基本流程：（1）进口交易前的准备工作阶段（2）交易磋商和签订进口合同阶段（3）进口合同的履行阶段3、了解国际贸易交易过程中所适用的法律和国际贸易惯例对从事国际贸易有何作用？了解所适用的法律可以保证国际贸易的顺利进行，使国际贸易顺利进行，使国际贸易得到法律的承认和保护；而国际惯例的运用，有利于国际贸易中的各个环节相互衔接，从而促进国际贸易正常有序的进行和确保其可持续发展。

4、在我国现行的法律中所涉及的有关国际贸易的国内法较多，请简要作一介绍。

目前我国的国内法所涉及的有关国际贸易的主要法律有：（1）关于使用国际货物买卖的国内立法：《中华人民共和国合同法》（2）关于适用于国际货物运输与保险的国内立法：《中华人民共和国海商法》（3）关于适用于国际货款收付的国内立法：《中华人民共和国票据法》（4）关于适用于对外贸易管理的国内立法：《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》、《中华人民共和国海关法》、《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验检疫法》（5）关于适用于国际商事仲裁的国内立法：《中华人民共和国仲裁法》5、如何正确理解国际贸易惯例？它与国际贸易条约有何异同点？国际贸易惯例一般是指国际贸易业务中，经过反复实践形成的，并经过国际组织加以解释和编撰的一些行为规范和习惯做法。

国际贸易惯例和国际贸易条约是两个不同的概论，其不同点主要的有以下几条：一、前者属各国在国际贸易中普遍采取的做法，且这种做法具有时间上的连续性和次数上的反复性，已被各国接受和承认。

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