英语报刊选读离线作业答案

浙江大学远程教育学院《英语报刊选读》课程作业答案作业一A. Multiple Choices.1. A2. C3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. B9. C10. A、D、E、H、IB. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F). True: 1、4、5、8、10False: 2、3、6、7、9作业二Keys:1. Give the definition of the following terms.1) featurea prominent or special article, story, or department in a newspaper or periodical.2) editorialan article in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers.3) op-edof or being a newspaper page, usually opposite the editorial page, that features signed articles expressing personal viewpoints4) inverted pyramidThe inverted pyramid is a traditional form of writing in which the news is stacked in paragraphs in order of descending importance. The lead summarizes the principal items of a news event. The second paragraph and each succeeding paragraph contain secondary or supporting details in order of decreasing significance. All the paragraphs in the story contain newsworthy information, but each paragraph is less vital than the one before it. Inverted-pyramid form puts the climax of a story at the beginning, in the lead.5) leadA lead is a terse opening paragraph that provides the gist of the story and invitesreaders inside.2.What is the difference between hard news and soft news?Hard news events, such as killings, and speeches by leading government officials, are timely and are reported almost automatically by the media. Soft news events, such as a car wash by a fourth-graders to raise money for a classmate with cancer, are not usually considered immediately important or timely to a wide audience. These events still contain elements of news, however, and the media often report them.3.What is the difference between news and features?A news story emphasizes the facts of the event, while the feature displaces the facts toaccommodate the human interest of the story.4.What are the major criteria for newsworthiness?ProximityProminenceTimelinessImpactConflict and ControversyUniquenessHuman interest5.What are the principles of news writing?News writing tends to be:1. Impersonal to make it appear objective (to distance the reporter from the story)hence:–Written in the third person–Use of direct speech or indirect speech which is attributed to someone other than the reporter,–Some use of passive verbs but usually only when someone who is being quoted wants to distance themselves from an issue and to show objectivelyabout n issue.2. About something that has taken place so mostly written in the past tense.3. Simple –In fact close to the way we talk –relatively short sentences andwords and some use of clichés which the whole audience understand.4. Punchy –it must grab the reader’s attention so often uses:–short rather than long words–active verbs–relatively short sentences–concrete rather than abstract vocabulary–sometimes emotive and colorful vocabulary–some use (but not overuse) of adjectives5. But also relatively formal hence:–no use of contractions–sentences written in full (no elision) or elliptical sentences6. sometimes imagery is used to help create a clearer mental picture for the reader.7. often including the reporter’s by-line and/or a date-line6.Read the following headlines and analyze the features of the language theyuse.a)More Iraqis Said to Flee Since Troop RiseWhen passive voice is used in headlines, “to be” is always omitted. Here “are” in “More Iraqis are said to flee…”is omitted. Nouns and noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space. Noun phrases which actually express actions or state are heavily used, and they are derived from verb phrases in order to makethe sentences more compact and save space without lowering the amount of information conveyed. Instead of “since the troop rises”, noun phrase “troop rise”is used.b)Insurgent raid kills 22 villagersMost headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. Instead of using “killed”, “kills” is used to describe what happened in the past. Besides, the article “An”in “an insurgent raid” is omitted.c)Bangladesh Sets Curfew To Curb Student ProtestsShort words (i.e. midget words) are often used to conserve space in headlines, for example, “curb” in this headline. Besides, present tense “sets” is used to describea past event.d)Storm Death Toll in Midwest Climbs1. Compact noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space.2. Most headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generallydescribe past events.e)Wall Street slightly lower as credit worries lingerRhetoric devices often used in the writing of newspaper headlines.In this headline, Wall Street refers to the stock exchange, which is a metonymy.Another rhetoric device used here is rhyme (Correspondence of terminal sounds of words or of lines of verse), as we find in lower and linger.f)China launches crackdown on inferior goods, unsafe foodIn order to conserve space in headlines, comma is sometimes used to replace “and”.g)China to become U.S. third largest export market by year endIn phrase headlines, infinitives are sometimes used to indicate a future action or event.7. What do the following abbreviations and acronyms stand for?1) CPPCC Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议2) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局3) IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织4) WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织5) DJI Dow-Jones Index 道·琼斯指数6) PM prime minister首相；总理8.Read the following news story and answer the following questions.1. What is the headline of the report?Sprawl puts houses in hot zones2. What is the subheading of the report?Lack of fire hydrants a growing problem3. What is the byline of the report?By Joseph GidjunisUSA TODAY4. What is the dateline of the report?Salisbury, Md9. Read the following news story and answer the following questions.Q1 Saudi king to allow women to vote in local electionsQ2 RIYADH, Saudi ArabiaQ3 The Associated PressQ4 The first paragraph:Saudi King Abdullah announced Sunday that the nation’s women will gain the right to vote and run as candidates in local elections to be held in 2015 in a major advancement for the rights of women in the deeply conservative Muslim kingdom.WHO: Saudi King AbdullahWHEN: SundayWHAT: …announced that the nation’s women will gain the right to vote and run as candidates in local elections to be held in 2015…作业三第一单元社会群体Lesson 1 For Many Generation X’ers, Job Loyalty is Getting Stronger1. A2. C3. D4. C5. ALesson 3 How to manage an ageing workforce1. A2. D3. B4. D5. AAdditional Reading1. The border wall is planned to be built this fall to stem illegal immigration into America.2. Landowners are concerned it may cut across their property, conservationists see it destroying crucial riverside habitat, and some activists see it inflaming ethnic tensions.3. It is an expression of friendship between two mayors, two cities and two countries.4. The border wall is needed to help block the swelling tide of illegal immigration as well as widespread drug and gun smuggling.5. Because the Mexican government has failed its own people and Mexicans wereforced to go north seeking jobs because of the poverty they faced at home.作业四Lesson 6 Full of sound and fury1. A2. C3. A4. D5. ALesson 8 Travel can help mend a fractured world1. C2. C3. D4. B5. C作业五家庭婚姻Lesson 10 Family-Unfriendly Policies1. A2. C3. D4. B5. AAdditional Reading1. Because of the recession and poor private housing prospects in the early 1990s.2. The traditional American culture thinks of maleness and adulthood in terms of separation, particularly in moving away from home and mother.3. This could lead to rises in family tension and even violence, but it may also improve relationship by giving children the chance to see their parents as independent adults rather than just as parents.4. Parents should allow their children to behave as adults in a family home.5. No. It is found that the benefit was not a factor in encouraging young single people to leave home for private accommodation. Even those entitled to it often did not claim.作业六Lesson 14 College RankingAnswers to the questions1. B2. D3. B4. B5. C作业七1. The 2005 survey found that about three out of four companies regularly track which websites their employees visit. More than half use surveillance software to scour office e-mail (looking for hot-button keywords like sex in the subject line or body of messages). More than a third extend their snooping to monitor how much time workers spend at the computer, record their keystrokes or log their downloads. And one in four companies reports firing someone for improper e-mail use.2. Heidi Arace and Norma Yetsko distributed via office e-mail what they thought was fun to share, which their bosses found offensive enough. As a result, the two longtime workers were fired.3. Reasons why companies monitor their workers’ computer use include:- to see to it that workers waste less time online and work more efficiently;- to avoid legal trouble;- to guarantee the security;- to avoid the leakage of sensitive information.4. Companies are using two types of spying software: network-based programs that monitor all traffic passing through a system, and programs that sit directly on an employee’s desktop.5. They should know the company’s computer-use policy and comply with it. They should assume they’re being monitored, and behave accordingly. They should never bad-mouth the company online. They should not use personal e-mail accounts or post to a blog. They should avoid transmitting any message that could embarrass themselves or others if made public. They should not think instant messaging is less permanent than e-mail. When surfing the Web, they should never click on something flagged NSFW (not safe for work).作业八1. He shot and killed two people about 7:20 a.m. in West Ambler Johnston Hall. Two-and-a-half hours later, he killed 30 people in Norris Hall and then committed suicide.2. They could have warned students earlier that two students had been shot and that the killer had not been caught yet.3. It has identified problems like communications breakdowns, gaps in the mental health system and confusion over student privacy laws.4. He said that his people had acted quickly and to the best of their abilities based on what they knew at the time. He also said the school administration did not have all the facts about the first shooting and did not want to spread partial or incorrect information to students.5. No, they didn't know about his history of mental health problems because Fairfax schools did not relay anything about Cho's mental state to the college due to the privacy laws.。