英语语法大全精编讲义
英语语法大全(精讲版)
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)Section One:(General Information)第一部分:概述虚拟语气条件句的类型虚拟语气的类型例题其他条件句虚拟语气类型宾语从句状语从句名词性从句(主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句)定语从句特殊类型(感叹句)省略if 的虚拟法(倒装)ExamplesThe rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society.I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.I wish that I were a student again.I wished that I had followed his suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)同位语从句(The +n. that )表语从句(n. +be that)省略if 的虚拟法(倒装)(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if / whether 省略,从句中需要倒装,提前助动词(系动词)或情态动词。
Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting.=Should it rain tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.省略if 的虚拟法(倒装)(2)Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.=Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.=Had she been given more information, she could have answered the questions.虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)Section Two: 第二部分详解(Detailed Points)&总结(Summary)虚拟语气的动词标志"insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move, urge, recommend, command, order"等动词表"建议、愿望"时,其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
英语语法讲义
第一节名词语法一、名词主要考点:1.特殊名词的单复数2.与名词相关的主谓一致关系二、关于特殊名词的具体考点如下:1.容易误用为复数的不可数名词:(这些名词一般不能用作复数,谓语动词用单数)2.复数形式的名词用于单数概念,其谓语动词用单数。
(这些名词一般为表示学科或疾病的名词)3.特殊复数形式的名词:(注意其拼写与读音)4. 单复数相同的名词: (谓语动词视具体情况而定)5.单数形式表示复数意义或总是用于复数的名词:(谓语动词用复数)6.既可用作单数又可用作复数但意义不同的名词air 空气airs 风度,架势arm 手臂arms 武器art 艺术arts 文科;人文科学authority 权利;权威authorities 官方;当局brain 大脑brains 智力chain 链(条) chains 镣铐compliment 恭维;称赞compliments 问候;致意condition 状况,状态conditions 条件;环境,形势congratulation 祝贺congratulations 祝贺词content 内容;容量;满足contents 目录convenience 便利,方便conveniences 便利设备custom 习俗customs 海关damage 损害;毁坏damages 赔偿费finding 发现,发现物findings 调查(研究)结果force 力;力量;势力forces 兵力;军队glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜height 高;高度heights 高地/处humanity 人类;人性humanities 人文科学import 进口;输入imports 进口商品;要旨,含义interest 兴趣;关心;利息interests 利益;利害instruction 指导;指示instructions 用法说明(书);操作指南lesson 功课;课lessons 课程;教训liability 责任;义务liabilities 债务manner 举止;方式manners 礼貌,风度;规矩,风俗mass 大量;团,块masses 群众;质量measure 尺寸,大小measures 措施,办法minute 分钟minutes 会议记录necessity observation painpaperpoll proceeding provision quarterrail respectruin saving slack specification spiritsport 必要/必然性;需要观察;监视疼痛纸民意测验行动;进行供应;准备;规定四分之一栏杆,围栏尊敬,尊重毁灭,崩溃储蓄淡季,萧条详述精神,气概运动necessitiesobservationspainspaperspollsproceedingsprovisionsquartersrailsrespectsruinssavingsslacksspecificationsspiritssports必需品观察资料或报告;言论努力,辛劳文件政治选举,大选会议录;学报给养,口粮方向;地区;住处铁路;轨道敬意,问候废墟,遗迹储蓄金,存款便裤,运动裤规格,说明书,规范情绪,心情;酒精,烈酒, 运动会teachingtermthingtimetonsand transaction waterwood communication lightvirtuework 教学、学期,期限东西,物时间吨沙子处理;交易,事物水木头通讯;交流光美德工作;职业;产品teachingstermsthingstimestonssandstransactionswaterswoodscommunications1ightsvirtuesworks教导,学说条件,条款;术语用品;事态,情况时代大量,许多沙滩会报,学报水域,河道树林交通工具,通讯系统灯优点著作;工厂,工场三、主谓一致关系英语中,主语和谓语在数、性和格上应该保持一致,但在实际应用中很容易被忽视,尤其是主语和谓语之间出现插入语,故考试中经常考到主谓一致。
新英语语法课讲义全
新英语语法课讲义全一、介词1. 介词定义介词是一种功能词,用于连接名词、代词等词语与其他成分,表示它们之间的关系。
2. 介词的种类常见的介词包括:- 时间介词:at, on, in- 地点介词:in, on, at- 方式介词:by, with- 原因介词:because of, due to- 目的介词:for, to- 所有权介词:of, to3. 介词的使用规则- 时间介词使用规则示例:- I will meet you at the bus stop.- She has an appointment on Friday.- The party is in the evening.- 地点介词使用规则示例:- The book is on the table.- She lives in New York City.- The cat is sitting at the window.- 方式介词使用规则示例:- He goes to work by car.- They painted the house with a brush. - She sang a song with passion.- 原因介词使用规则示例:- The delay was due to technical issues.- 目的介词使用规则示例:- He bought flowers for his girlfriend. - She went to the store to buy groceries.- 所有权介词使用规则示例:- The color of the sky is blue.- I will give the book to you.二、名词1. 名词定义名词是一种词性,用来表示人、事物、地方、概念等。
2. 名词的分类常见的名词分类有:- 可数名词- 不可数名词- 特殊名词- 抽象名词3. 名词的用法- 可数名词使用规则示例:- I have two books.- They bought three cars.- She has many friends.- 不可数名词使用规则示例:- I need some advice.- He has a lot of money.- Do you have any information?- 特殊名词使用规则示例:- The Alps is a beautiful mountain range.- The United States is a large country.- 抽象名词使用规则示例:- Love is a powerful emotion.- Honesty is important in a relationship.以上是新英语语法课的讲义内容,希望能对你的研究有所帮助!。
英语 语法知识讲义
2015-09-15
目 录
• • • • • • • • • • 一、词类 二、关于词缀 三、句子成分 四、基本句子结构 五、谓语与非谓语 六、简单句、并列句、复合句 七、选词填空题型介绍 八、长句分析 九、选词填空答题技巧 十、不同词性的词的位置
一、词类
• 英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、 数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。 现分别叙述如下: • (一)名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 • 英语名词可分为两大类: • 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某 种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 教师 market市场 rice 大米 • 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或 机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例 如: Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯
• (三)代词 • 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括: • 1。 人称代词,如:主格:I, you, he, she, they, it;宾格: me, you, him, her, them, it。人称代词的主格只能做主语,宾格只 能做宾语。 • 2。 物主代词。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词后面必须接 名词:my, his, her, its, their, your。名词性物主代词相当于名 词功能,后面不再接名词:mine; his; hers; its; theirs; yours。 • 3。 反身代词,如:myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself; • 4。 相互代词,如:each other, one another等; • 5。 指示代词,如:this, that, these, those, such, same; • 6。 疑问代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, what,引导句 子。 • 7。 关系代词,如:who, whom, whose, which, that等,用于 定义从句。 • 8。 不定代词,如:some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等;
英语语法讲义
英语语法讲义主讲:张老师名词动词的时态冠词动词的语态代词及it非谓语动词第一讲:七大词性介词,连词第二讲情态动词形容词,副词虚拟语气数词构词法动词及动词词组成功来自坚持,执着创造奇迹!!!第一章:名词 nouns 简称n.一,定义:表示人,事物,地方,时间,现象及其它抽象概念名称的词。
二,考点动向:近几年对名词的考察主要集中在名词辨析,由名词构成的固定短语,抽象名词具体化,不可数名词以及名词所有格等方面。
名词的分类名词的数三,专题讲解:名词所有格名词的句法功能名词的主动和被动意义个体名词:eg:room,rope等可数名词集体名词:eg:police,family等普通名词物质名词:eg:water,metal等不可数名词第一:名词的分类抽象名词:eg:freedom等专有名词:eg:Washington,China等第二:名词的数1)不可数名词数的表达形式:“数量+ 名词(单复数)+ of + 不可数名词”Eg:two cups of water a piece of paper two drops of water2) 可数名词的规则变化:情况方法例词一般情况加-s books,bags等以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es glasses,dishes,boxes,watches等以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变“y”为“i ”再加-es families,babies,armies等大部分以f或fe结尾的名词变“f”或“fe”为“v”再加-eshalves,lives,knives,wives,wolves,selves,thieves,shelves,leaves等(但roofs,serfs,gulfs,proofs,chiefs,beliefs除外)以“辅音+o”结尾的名词加-esheroes,N egroes,potatoes,tomatoesvolcanoes等以“元音+o”结尾的名词加-szoos,bamboos,studios、pianos、radios、photos等3)可数名词的不规则变化:方法例词单复数同形的名词sheep,means改变内部元音的名词man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese;mouse-mice; louse-lice.表示“某个国家的人”的名词的单复数形式因习惯不同而各异中日不变,英法变,其余后面-s添其它形式的变化child --children,ox---oxen passer-by---passers--by4)可转化为可数名词的物质名词,抽象名词和可用作可数名词的专有名词:名词有生命,一 般加“’s ” 名词词尾后加“-’s ” 或 “-s ” (并列名词后,各自和共有,第三,名词所有格 前者分别加 ,后者最后加) 若以s 结尾,则 只加“’”表物是“谁的”时间,地点和距离 也多用“’s ” “ 介词of +名词”构成:名词无生命第四,名词的句法功能:名词可以作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语,同位语等。
英语语法讲义(整理)
英语语法讲义(整理)英语语法讲义内容概要1、时态2、语态3、语气4、倒装5、从句6、强调7、主谓一致8、非谓语动词9、形容词、副词的比较级(段国强已回顾,不再重复)10、情态动词具体内容第一部分动词的语法动词的三大语法现象:时态(tense)—1、语态(voice)—2、语气(mood)—3一、时态三种形式:一般时态:一般现在(do)、一般过去(did)、一般将来(will do)进行时态:现在进行(be ding)、过去进行(was doing)、将来进行(will be doing)完成时态:一般完成(have done)、过去完成(had done)、将来完成(will have done)二、语态主动语态:S V O被动语态:O V三、语气情态助动词:may must can shall will ——10虚拟语气:时态错位现在-过去过去-过去的过去四、非谓语动词——8三种形式:不定式(to v)、动名词(ving)、分词(ving, ved)1、to v(不定式)作主语:to v v o(第一部分-四-(一)-1)作宾语:s v to v(第一部分-四-(一)-2)作定语:s to v v o to vThe fellow to be my head is a White.作状语:s v o to v(第一部分-四-(一)-3)后两种形式,需要区分是做宾语的定语还是作谓语的状语2、ving(动名词)作主语:ving N v o(第一部分-四-(二)-1)作宾语:s v ving N(第一部分-四-(二)-2)3、ving/ved(分词)作定语:s ving/adj. v o ving/adj.(第一部分-四-(三)-1)作状语:s v o ving/adv.(第一部分-四-(三)-2)4、独立主格与非独立主格(1)主语:相对于谓语动词来说的,是谓语动词的施动者(actor);主格:相对于非谓语动词来说的,是非谓语动词的施动者。
英语语法讲义
四级语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:1.主动形式2.被动形式CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前 二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 diddowill/shall do should/would do进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /完成had donehave/has donewill/shall have doneshould/would have done 用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing //过去现在将来过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are givenwill/shall be givenshould/would be given进行 was/were being givenam/is/are being given//完成had been givenhave/has been givenwill/shall have been given should/would have been given完成进行 / //2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
2023年中考英语总复习初中英语语法知识十三大专题复习讲义及习题(精编版)
2023年中考英语总复习初中英语语法知识十三大专题复习讲义及习题(精编版)一、定语从句1、定义:定语从句是一个置于另一个句子之中,用来修饰某个名词或代词的句子,在句中充当一个定语的作用。
2、从句的关系词:定语从句最常用的就是由 who、which、whose、that等关系词引起的定语从句,其他的还有 whom、what、as、when、where等。
3、主句和从句的连接:把从句和主句连接起来的词,要根据句子的意思一词一词的来;要把从句与主句分开,可用逗号隔开。
二、宾语从句1、定义:宾语从句就是充当主句中宾语的一个句子,由连接词引出,一般前后用逗号隔开。
2、连接词:由以下词汇引出的宾语从句:that、whether、if、what等。
3、注意:如果是由”问句”(疑问词)的话,一般不加连接词;如果宾语从句与主句相隔较远,则从句要用从属连词(that)引出。
三、状语从句1、定义:状语从句是一种由连词引起,用来表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果等概念的句子,在句子中充当一种状语作用。
2、引导词:状语从句最常用的引导词有:when、while、as、since、until、before、after、if、whether、because等。
3、务必注意:时间、地点、条件状语从句切忌混淆,要分清才可正确运用。
四、名词性从句1、定义:名词性从句又称为词性的从句,是一个句子充当主句中的一个名词,它可单独作句子的主语,宾语或表语。
2、从句的连接词:要表达名词性从句的概念,最常采用的就是由关系代词(who, whom, which, that等)、关系副词(when, where, why, how 等)以及由从属连词(if, whether等)引起的名词性从句。
3、注意事项:将其从名词性从句区分开来可用逗号隔开;也要注意主句和从句之间的位置关系,情况不同,连接词可以不同。
五、简单句1、定义:简单句也叫单个句子,是由一个主语和一个谓语动词构成的一句话;当主语是第一人称或三单时,句尾不加to。
基本英语语法英语grammar精讲内容
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时态-过去时
过去进行时
在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作,常和过去时间连用 • 主动态
– I was watching TV at nine o’clock yesterday. – We were having supper when the phone rang. – He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
• 被动态
– The letter was being typed at eight this morning. – The bag was being washed then.
• 现在进行时表示将来的动作(短暂性动词)
– They were leaving for Shanghai that day. 但以下句子 错的: – I was knowing the answer. – I wasn’t understanding him.
注意:
◦ 因为句子结构不同,完成进行时没有被动语态。 ◦ 过去完成进行时很少用于否定句 ◦ 短暂性动词和表示状态的动词不能用于完成进行时。
请将以上正确句子改写成否定句,疑问句,和否定疑问句,并造句
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时态-将来时
一般将来时
用法
✓ 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态 ✓ 常和表示将来的时间状语连用
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。 结构:主语+has/have+been+动词现在分词 例句:
◦ I have been learning English since three years ago. ◦ They have been living in this city for ten years. ◦ They have been building a bridge. ◦ Haven’t your finished your homework? What have you been doing?
英语语法讲义 优质课件
2 It is (high) time that sb. did sth.
It is time that the children went to bed. 3 as if 或 as though
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. 4 without / but for / in the absence of 后的条件虚拟句
Without air, nothing could live. But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
语法体:完成体(perfect)与进行体(progressive) 进行体:I am eating. 完成体:I have eaten.
基本时态结构
1简单现在时 I love your Mercedes. 2现在进行时 You are standing too close to it. 3简单过去时 I wanted a car just like it. 4过去进行时 You were aiming too high. 5一般将来时 I will work for it. 6将来进行时 You will be working forever. 7现在完成时 I have worked hard before. 8现在完成进行时 You have been working for nothing 9过去完成时 I had saved my money. 10过去完成进行时 You had been saving pennies. 11将来完成时I will have saved enough 12将来完成进行时 You will have been saving in vain.
重点语法讲义及练习英语语法
重点语法讲义及练习英语语法重点语法讲义及练习英语语法1. 动词的时态和语态1.1 动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动被动are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done现在完成进行时主动被动 have been doing1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用1) 现在完成时,过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语:up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 汉语提示语:已经,早已,了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.2) 现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在,没有间断。
汉语提示语:一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.3) 过去完成时a) said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.b) hardly…when, no sooner… thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的`条件状语从句中e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.I wish I had done better in the exam.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.Key:1. comes 一般现在时,主语为不可数名词,谓语用单数2. has expanded 现在完成时3. has been 现在完成时4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式5. began 一般过去时6. makes 一般现在时,动名词做主语,谓语用单数7. has been living 现在完成进行时8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式9. witnessed 一般过去时10. were driven 一般过去时的被动【重点语法讲义及练习英语语法】。
高一英语语法(全)讲义精讲
高一英语语法讲义一、句子成分及简单句五种基本句型一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首。
但在 there be 构造、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或神态动词后边。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
比如:During the 1990s, American country music has become mo re and more popular. (名词)We often speak English in class. (代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式)Sm oking does harm to the health. (动名词)The ri ch should help the poor. (名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language. ( it 作形式主语,真实的主语为后边的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或拥有的特点和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语以后。
谓语的组成以下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语组成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:( 1)由神态动词或其余助动词加动词原形组成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ( 2)由系动词加表语组成。
高中英语语法讲义大全
高中英语语法一、英语词法1、实词:是指有实在意义,能独立承担句子成分的词名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词2、虚词:没有实在意义,不能独立承担句子成分冠词、介词、连词、感叹词二、英语句法1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句(1)名词性从句◆主语从句◆表语从句◆宾语从句◆同位语从句(2)定语从句◆限定性定语从句◆非限定性定语从句(3)状语从句◆时间状语从句◆条件状语从句◆地点状语从句◆原因状语从句◆方式状语从句◆结果状语从句◆目的状语从句◆比较状语从句◆让步状语从句三、其他句型倒装句强调句省略句It 用法和There be 句型动词时态非谓语动词虚拟语气主谓一致原则反意疑问句第一讲:句子类型与句子成分一、句子种类和类型1、句子种类陈述句;疑问句;祈使句;感叹句2、句子类型简单句:由一个主语加一个谓语构成.并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
并列连词有:and, but, or, so, either…or.. neither...nor.. however not only…but also 等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。
Hurry up or you'll be late.He is rich while I’m poor.复合句: 由主句和其他从句组成。
并列复合句:含有复合句的并列句.★I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.二、句子成分That girl is doing her homework now.主语:主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么情况。
[英语学习]语法讲义-精品文档
1.名词、冠词、代词及主谓一致1.1 名词1.1.1 名词的数1.1.1.1 经常用作单数的名词(1) 一些以s结尾的学科、疾病的名称及其他的名词:electronics, physics, optics, linguistics mathematics, politics, statistics, arthritis (关节炎),bronchitis (支气管炎),measles (麻疹),classics, news etc.(2) 无s结尾的一些抽象名词或某些具体名词的总称:information, knowledge, work, advice, weather, fun, luck, trouble, music, progress, happiness, machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, evidence, homework, etc.1.1.1.2 经常用作复数的名词(1)单数结尾复数概念的名词:people, police, militia, cattle, staff, poultry, livestock, vermin (害虫),personnel, 以及由the +形容词的一类人或物。
(2)复数结尾复数概念的名词:a.本身有两部件组成的物件pants, spectacles, scissors, shoes, trousers, socks. etc.b. 常具有复数词尾,但一般不具有单数的名词如belongings, savings, earnings, surroundings, lodgings (租住的房间), clothes, goods, congratulations, manners (礼貌,规矩),thanks, particulars (细节),spirits(情绪),funds, pains(辛苦),arms (武器),troops, regards.1.1.1.3 某些集体名词的特殊用法某些集合名词如audience, firm, class, government, party, board, couple, crew, committee, family, public, team, group,etc. 既可做复数又可做单数,视具体情况而定。
高中英语语法大全-精讲讲义!!
高中英语语法系统全解第1章动词时态2-4页第2章被动语态5-7 页第3章虚拟语气9-11 页第4章情态动词12-16页第5章动词不定式17-20页第6章动词的ing形式21-24页第7章过去分词25-27页第8章独立主格结构28-30页第9章名词性从句31-33页第10章定语从句35-40页第11章状语从句(一)40-45页第11章状语从句(二)第12章直接引语和间接引语第13章倒装第14章强调第15章省略第16章主谓一致动词时态--一般时第一章动词时态(一)在英语中,不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,这就叫做动词的时态。
一、一般时一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。
主语是第三人称单数时,动词后面要加-s或-es。
They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。
The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。
Do you understand?你懂了吗?2.一般现在时的用法①一般现在时的基本用法a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。
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英语语法第一章英文文法的最基本规则英文和我们中文最大的不同,是在动词,我们中文的动词很简单,没有所谓的第几人称,也没有复数和单数之分,更没有过去式或进行式,英文可不同了,凡是用动词的时候,必须注意很多很多的规则,一旦弄错了,常常是犯了大错。
在这一章,我要将英文最基本的规则一一列下。
这些规则都是我们中国人所常常不注意的。
为了不要误导读者,凡本书内错误的句子前面都有〝*〞的符号。
规则(1):两个动词是不能联在一起用的。
在中文,我们常说“我是爱你的”,翻成英文,这就变成了* I am love you.滑稽的是,这句英文句子犯了大忌,因为〝am〞是动词,〝love〞也是动词,两个动词是不能联在一起用的。
这句话的正确说法是:I love you. 或者I am in love with you.我们中国人也会说〝我喜欢看电视〞,翻成英文,这变成* I love watch television.这个句子也犯了同样的错。
以下几个句子都是错的,因为这些句子中都有两个动词连在一起的情形:*I hate eat fish.*I love play basketball.*I love swim.如果你一定要讲“我爱游泳”,怎么办呢?请看以下的规则。
规则(2):如一定要同时用两个动词,后者的前面必须加“to”或者将后者加入“ing”。
“我爱游泳”,因此有两种正确的译法:I love to swim.I love swimming.以下的句子都是正确的:I hate to eat fish.I hate eating fish.I love to play basketball.I love playing basketballIkeepgoingtochurch.规则(3):主词如果是第三人称,现在式及单数,动词必须加s.我们中国人最不容易记得的规则,恐怕就是这一条了,以下的句子都是错的。
* He write very well.* Jack love playing the violin.* Mary swim every day.正确的句子是:He writes very well.Jack loves playing the violin.Mary swims every day.规则(4):绝大多数的否定的句子,不能直接加“not”。
我们中文对否定语气,规则极为简单,我们可以说“我不爱你”,但是我们不能说* I not love you.我们也不能说:* I not saw that movie.* I not like swimming.* He not likes playing violin.我们必须用一种助动词来完成否定的句子,以下才是正确的否定句子:I do not love you.I did not see that movie.He does not like playing violin.请注意,在以上的句子中,do和did都是助动词,do是现在式,did是过去式。
关于现在式和过去式,究竟是怎么一回事,以后我们会解释清楚的。
助动词不限于“do”和它的变型,can、will、would、shall、may、must等等都是助动词,因此,以下的英文句子又都是对的:He can not swim.They will not go to church tomorrow.Mary should not go to the party.I shall not see you.He may not go out tonight.He must not eat meat any more.规则(5):在不定词“to”的后面,必须用原形动词英文中的动词,是会变化的,以have为例,第一人称和第三人就不同:I have a dog.He has a dog.如果是过去式,动词又要变化。
have的过去式是had,不论第几人称,一概都要用had。
几乎每一个英文动词的过去式都有变化,以下是几个例子:现在式过去式go wentcome cameeat ateplay playedswim swam不论那一个动词,都有一个原形动词,一切都是从这个原形动词变出来的,像go、drink、have、walk、love、like等等都是原形动词。
如果我们有必要要用不定词to,就必须用原形动词,例如to go、to drink、to have,都是正确的,*to went;*to drank;*to loved等等都是错的。
英文中有一个动词最为麻烦,那就是am、are、is、was、were等等,翻译成中文,这都是,而这些动词的来源都是be,所以我们说这些动词都是verb to be。
以下的句子都用上了〝be〞I want to be a teacher.He wants to be a good father.They all love to be rich.No one likes to be poor.规则(6):英文中有所谓的助动词。
必须注意英文中有很多动词都是助词动,在规则(4)中,我们说在绝大多数的否定语句中,必须用助动词do或did。
Do是原形动词,did 和does都是do的变形。
除了do是助动词以外,can、may、might、will、would、must也都是助动词。
以上所提到的助动词,都有一个共同的特色,那就是这些助动词后的动词必须是原形动词,以下的句子都是正确的:He can swim.He does not swim.I do not speak English.You must walk to work every day.I did not work yesterday.You may leave now.I will go to Taipei tomorrow.以下的句子都是错的:* I did not went.* He does not goes to work.* You must walked to work.除了以上的助动词以外,还有一个非常特殊的助动词,那就是have,在这个助动词的后面,动词绝对不能用原形动词,以下是用这个助动词的例子:I have been to England.I have slept all day.I have studied English since I was a child.been、slept 和studied都是过去分词(past participle),以下的句子也都是现在完成式,我们后讨论完成式的时候,会将这些解释清楚的。
规则(7):英文问句要有助动词我们先看看以下的英文句子,这些都是错的:* How many books you wrote?* How many sons you have?正确的句子是:Why do you drink so much water?How many books did you write?How many sons do you have?绝大多数的英文问句子是一定要有助动词,以下全是正确的英文问句,你可以看出每一句的助动词吗?Do you love me?Did you go to school yesterday?How many books do you have?How much money does he have?Why don’t you go back ho me?Do you like to swim?Can you play violin?Will you go home tomorrow?Would you give me a call?当然啦,一旦动词是verb to be,我们又不需要助动词了,以下都是正确的英文问句:Are you a teacher?Is he a student?Is Mr. Chang your father?Were your mother and father in England last year?规则(8):特殊动词随主词的变化英文中,有些动词因主词不同而改变,verb to be是其中之一,因此,我们必须记得以下的规则:第一人称第二人称第三人称现在式单数I am You are(He,She,It)is复数We are You are Theyare过去式单数I was You were(He,She,It)was复数We were You were They wereVerb to have也有类似的变化:第一人称第二人称第三人称现在式单数I have You have(He,She,It)has复数We have You have They have过去式单数I had You had(He,She,It)had复数We had You had They had【练习一】以下的句子都有错,请将正确的句子写出来:1.I am like my parent.2.He is loves his teacher.3.He keeps swim every day.4.He wants drink a glass of water.5.He likes play violin.6.Jack do not love mathematics.7.Mary hate singing.8.My mother cook very good food.9.He want me to see him tomorrow.10.He not knows my name.11.I not like you. 12.He not like swimming.13.You not went home.14.I not like swimming.15.I wanted to went to my mother’s home.16.I do not like to swimming.17.I did not ate dinner.18.* I will not went home.19.He did not went home.20.You may leaving now.21.He can swimming.22.He does not goes to work.第二章现在式和现在进行式2§1 现在式英文中,现在式(present tense)好像是最容易的,其实现在式都是我们常常用错的时式。
首先,我们不妨举一个例子来说明我们对现在式惯有的误解,假设我们要说〝我在吃午饭〞,这总该用现在式了吧。
很多人将这句话翻成I eat lunch.这就错了,因为〝Ieatlunch.〞的意思并不是〝我在吃午饭〞,而是〝我有吃午饭的习惯〞,意思是说,有人中午不吃午饭(可能是在减肥),我可是每天中午都会吃午饭的。