句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案

十大词恨句子成分分析,五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习个体名词集体名词普通名词《物质名词抽象名词专有名词人称代词：主格宾格（注意it 的用法）物主代词：形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词指示代词：this, that, these, those单单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词”复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another,other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词：somebody, anybody,nobody不定代词 A someone, anyone, no onesomething, anything, nothing everybody, everyone,everything功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数得等3 .数词：基数词序数词功能：表数量或顺序 4 .冠词：足冠得不足冠词零冠局//功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath … 表时间：in/ on/ at,in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5 .介词：表运动：across/ through/ over/ pass.. '表方位：….< 其他j 功能：用在名词■代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系可数名词不可数名词功能：表示人或事物的名称2.代词一、新课导入6.形容词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质7.副局：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性并列连词：and/ both/ or/ not only・・・but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while..8. 连词:从属连词：if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though..一功能：用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词（vi./vt.）系动词助动词9.动词：情态动词不足式（上do）非谓语动词< 分词：现在分词（-ing ）和过去分词（-ed）动名词（-ing）功能：表示人或事物的动作或状态10.感叹词：oh ah well.功能：表示说话时的感情或口气课前测：1.句子成分摸底测试：(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分？1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句？1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’ t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二：新课讲解：（一）旬^成分七种句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）定语、状语、补语、表语等。

有关英语语法中句子成分与五种基本句型问题_附有习题与答案

英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是：1、主语——动词——表语2、主语——动词3、主语——动词——宾语4、主语——动词——宾语——宾语5、主语——动词——宾语——补语掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。

下面分别讲解这五种句型。

一、主语——动词——表语在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。

1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.<名词做表语>2.Gradualy he became silent.<形容词做表语>3.She remained standing for a hour.<现在分词做表语>4.The question remained unsolved.<过去分词做表语>5.The machine is out of order.<介词短语做表语>6.The television was on.<副词做表语>7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.<动词不定式做表语>8.My job is repairing cars.<动名词做表语>9.The question is what you want to do.<从句做表语,即：表语从句>注意：在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I'm happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.二、主语——动词在这一句型中,动词为不与物动词与不与物的动词词组。

在有的句子中,不与物动词可以有状语修饰。

1.The sun is rising.2.I'll try.3.Did you sleep well？<well做状语,修饰不与物动词sleep>4.The engine broke down.注意：在此句型中,有少数不与物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。

句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案

句子成分一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）常见错误分析2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。

其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：1.play computer games does no good to us.2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby.3.Go home at once is his decision4.Make more friends will do good to us.5.I’m like computer very much.6.The story was happening the year before last.二．宾语：1．动作的承受者-----动宾请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。

I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.常见错误分析1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。

汉语句子成分练习附答案

句子是语言运用的基本单位，了解句子的成分组成，不仅有助于增强阅读理解能力，还能够帮助我们规范造句，正确表达。

请学习下列关于句子成分及句子成分分析的知识，完成后面的练习。

（一）句子结构在一个比较完整的陈述句中（主谓句），句子中各种成分之间的关系一般是：（定语）+主语‖+[状语]+谓语〈补语〉+（定语）+宾语如：给下面的句子划分成分建筑师极力推崇建筑工人的创造性劳动。

建筑师[极力]推崇(建筑工人)的(创造性)劳动。

1189到1192年间。

(永定河上)的卢沟桥修建<于1189到1192年间>。

在句子中主语、谓语、宾语是句子的主干部分，它表述句子的主要意义，补语、定语、状语是句子的枝叶部分，它使得句子所表达的意义更具体、形象。

找出句子的主干，就是找出主语、谓语、宾语的中心语。

☆注意1．碰到有否定词“不、没、没有”等或能愿动词“能够、可以、应该、应当、愿意”等的句子，要把否定词或能愿动词保留在句子主干中。

如：我不玩网络游戏。

主干：我不玩游戏。

我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。

主干：我们能够学会东西。

2．主语、谓语、宾语的中心词是并列结构的，要把整个并列结构找出。

如：赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值，充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。

主干：技术水平和艺术价值显示智慧和力量。

3．主谓短语作宾语的句子应把整个短语保留在主干里。

如：我清楚地看见他来了。

主干：我看见他来了。

（三）状语前置：在有些句子中，表时间、地点、目的等状语，有时会放在句首，用逗号与后面隔开，这种情况就是状语前置。

被前置的状语是可以放回到谓语之前的，而且放回后意思不会改变。

如：昨天，我在学校捡到了一个钱包。

（时间状语“昨天”被前置）为了取得优异成绩，我每天都学到深夜。

（目的状语“为了取得优异成绩”被前置）（四）双宾语双宾语由近宾语(间接宾语)和远宾语(直接宾语)组成。

我给她一本书。

“她”是近宾语(间接宾语)，“一本书”是远宾语(直接宾语)。

高三英语语法专项复习——句子结构及成分(附答案)

高三英语语法专项复习句子结构及成分考点1.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。

实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。

如：住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词)He lives quite near. (live“买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词）I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。

这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。

⑴帮助构成时态的：The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词)I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting 一起作谓语，是助动词。

）⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：Does h e like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)⑶帮助构成被动语态的Trees a re planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词)The house h as been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词)⑷帮助构成虚拟语气have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。

)⑸帮助构成倒装句的So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。

(英语)英语句子结构与成分解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)及解析

（英语）英语句子结构与成分解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A. A friend self is a second.B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。

故选C。

【点评】考查连词成句。

先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。

2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。

(完整版)英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案

去年建的那座房子已经出售了。
考点7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
考点8.My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。
考点9.I remember saw him that day.
先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。
考点2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
Hehas hadbreakfast. (has是助动词，帮助构成现在完成时，(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词，意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does( ) helike( ) swimming?
ii.Hedoes( )like( ) swimming.
考点8.Shebeganworking as a teacher after sheleftschool.（）（）
考点9.When did theyleaveBeijing?（）
考点10.Theyleftlast week.（）
3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
conjconjunction连词
2.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习(44张)

（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
• I found the book interesting.
• He bought some sleeping pills.
• There is a sleeping baby in bed.
• His spoken language is good.
(名词) (数词)
(名词的所有格) (动名词)
(现在分词) (过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
买了一件新衣裳。
5）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如： Running makes us strong. 跑步让我们健康。
1.主 + 动（SV）常见的不及物动词: rise wait sleep depend rain smile die
walk dance 等. 例句: 1)The sun has risen .
（名词）
• She went out in a hurry.
（代词）
• Four plus four is eight.
（数词）
• To see is to believe.
（不定式）
• Smoking is bad for health.
（动名词）
• The young should respect the old.

分析句子成分答案

分析句子成分答案【篇一：句子成分及其分析有答案[1]】> 一、汉语句子成分：句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种主语：1、定义：主语：主语是句子中的陈述对象，说明是谁或什么。

2、特点：a、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。

b、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。

3、符号：双行线。

谓语：1、定义：用来说明陈述主语。

2、特点：a、经常由动词、形容词充当。

b、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

3、符号：单行线。

宾语：1、定义：表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。

2、特点：a、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。

b、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

3、符号：波浪线。

4、凡能愿动词，如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。

定语：1、定义：用在主语和宾语前面，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

2、特点：a、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。

b、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。

3、符号：小括号（）。

状语：1、定义：用在动词、形容词谓语前，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

2、特点：a、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。

b、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。

3、符号：中括号[ ]。

补语：1、定义：谓语后面的附加成分，对谓语起补充说明作用，回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少”（时间、处所、结果）之类问题的语言单位。

2、特点：a、经常由动词、形容词、副词充当。

b、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。

3、符号：单书名号〈〉。

一般完整的句子成分的排列为：(定语) 主语[状语] 谓语补语 (定语) 宾语句子成分符号：主语谓语－宾语定语（）状语[ ] 补语重要绕口令主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。

主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。

定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。

还有助词来区分，的定地状得字补。

二、句子成分分析法从句法结构的关系意义出发，对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法叫句子成分分析法，即用符号标出句子的基本成分（主语、谓语、宾语）(这种做法又叫找句子的主干)和次要成分（状语、补语）。

八下现代汉语语法专题选讲之二句子成分及其分析有答案

八下现代汉语语法专题选讲之二：句子成分及其分析有答案一、汉语句子成分：句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种主语：1、定义：主语：主语是句子中的陈述对象，说明是谁或什么。

2、特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。

B、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。

3、符号：双行线。

谓语：1、定义：用来说明陈述主语。

2、特点：A、经常由动词、形容词充当。

B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

3、符号：单行线。

宾语：1、定义：表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。

2、特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。

B、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

3、符号：波浪线。

4、凡能愿动词，如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。

定语：1、定义：用在主语和宾语前面，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

2、特点：A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。

B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。

3、符号：小括号（）。

状语：1、定义：用在动词、形容词谓语前，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

2、特点：A、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。

B、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。

3、符号：中括号[ ]。

补语：1、定义：谓语后面的附加成分，对谓语起补充说明作用，回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少”（时间、处所、结果）之类问题的语言单位。

2、特点：A、经常由动词、形容词、副词充当。

B、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。

3、符号：单书名号〈〉。

一般完整的句子成分的排列为：(定语) 主语[状语] 谓语<补语> (定语) 宾语句子成分符号：主语谓语－宾语定语（）状语[ ] 补语< >重要绕口令主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。

主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。

定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。

还有助词来区分，的定地状得字补。

句子成分和句子结构答案

KEYS分析下列句子成分1. 主语＋系动词＋表语2. 主语＋系动词＋表语3. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语6. 主语＋动词＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语+宾语7. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语8. 主语＋系动词＋表语9. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语12 主语＋及物动词＋宾语13. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语14. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语15. 主语＋系动词＋表语16. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语17. 主语＋系动词＋表语18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语19. 主语＋不及物动词20. 主语＋不及物动词21. 主语＋系动词＋表语22. 主语＋系动词＋表语23. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语24. 主语＋不及物动词25. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语26. 主语＋不及物动词27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语29. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语30. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1Y ou should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday evening.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeting will last two hours. 5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8Classes begin at eight every day.9This box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.Y ou must finish reading these books in two weeks.6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋主语补语）1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5 Children, keep quiet please.6 This book is about the history of the United States.7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4Would you please pass me the dictionary?5He showed the ticket to the conductor.6This term I have written three letters to my parents.7My father has bought me a new bike.8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9Will you please get me a new copy?10 Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语结构（主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语）1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful.7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.24I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.2There was only a well in the village.3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.5The weatherman says t here’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 66The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.7There used to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to be nobody in the room.9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.13There goes the bell.14There are twenty-eight days in February。

(英语)初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

（英语）初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)一、句子结构与成分1．Which structure is right?A. Your father is ill in bed.（S+V）B. Your friend fell down.（S+V+O）C. Your team won the match.（S+V+O+OC）D. He seems ill.（S+V+P）【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？ A is 是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V 表示主谓，B fell 是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O 表示主谓宾，C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形式， S+V+P 表示主系表，故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。

2．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。

he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。

故结构为S+V+IO+DO。

故选B。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。

3．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。

A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。

英语句子成分和句子结构讲义

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分分析：（6种：主谓宾定状补）1、主语（Subject）：动作的发出者，可由名词、代词、不定式（to do）、或动名词（V-ing）等来充当，通常置于句首。

The sun rises in the east.2、谓语（Predicate）: 只有动词或动词短语才能充当，置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.3、宾语：动作的承受者1）动宾位于谓语动词（vt）之后I like China. （名词）I like listen to the classical music.2）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.4、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Marry is an English teacher.（名词）5、状语。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。

He goes to school by bike.6、补语宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We will make them happy. （形容词）7、表语（Predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)The cleaner's job is to clean the street.（不定式）（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主＋谓（vi不及物动词) She came．/ My head aches.主＋谓（vt及物动词）＋宾语She likes English.主＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主＋系＋表She is happy．主＋谓（vt.）＋宾＋宾补She makes her mother angry．（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）句子的种类：陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句练习：分析下列句子成分1. Our school is far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6. Trees turn green when spring comes.7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.13. She showed us many of her pictures.14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）你应当努力学习。

汉语句子成分练习附答案

句子是语言运用的基本单位，了解句子的成分组成，不仅有助于增强阅读理解能力，还能够帮助我们规范造句，正确表达。

请学习下列关于句子成分及句子成分分析的知识，完成后面的练习。

一、句子成分简表二、补充知识（一）句子结构在一个比较完整的陈述句中（主谓句），句子中各种成分之间的关系一般是：（定语）+主语‖+[状语]+谓语〈补语〉+（定语）+宾语如：给下面的句子划分成分建筑师极力推崇建筑工人的创造性劳动。

建筑师[极力]推崇(建筑工人)的(创造性)劳动。

永定河上的卢沟桥修建于1189到1192年间。

(永定河上)的卢沟桥修建<于1189到1192年间>。

（二）句子的主干：在句子中主语、谓语、宾语是句子的主干部分，它表述句子的主要意义，补语、定语、状语是句子的枝叶部分，它使得句子所表达的意义更具体、形象。

找出句子的主干，就是找出主语、谓语、宾语的中心语。

☆注意1．碰到有否定词“不、没、没有”等或能愿动词“能够、可以、应该、应当、愿意”等的句子，要把否定词或能愿动词保留在句子主干中。

如：我不玩网络游戏。

主干：我不玩游戏。

我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。

主干：我们能够学会东西。

2．主语、谓语、宾语的中心词是并列结构的，要把整个并列结构找出。

如：赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值，充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。

主干：技术水平和艺术价值显示智慧和力量。

3．主谓短语作宾语的句子应把整个短语保留在主干里。

如：我清楚地看见他来了。

主干：我看见他来了。

（三）状语前置：在有些句子中，表时间、地点、目的等状语，有时会放在句首，用逗号与后面隔开，这种情况就是状语前置。

被前置的状语是可以放回到谓语之前的，而且放回后意思不会改变。

如：昨天，我在学校捡到了一个钱包。

（时间状语“昨天”被前置）为了取得优异成绩，我每天都学到深夜。

（目的状语“为了取得优异成绩”被前置）（四）双宾语双宾语由近宾语(间接宾语)和远宾语(直接宾语)组成。

英语句子成分和构架讲解分析划分与练习及答案

Hehashadbreakfast.(has是助动词，帮助构成现在完成时，(答疑qqhad是实义动词，意为“吃”。hashad一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does()helike()swimming?
ii.Hedoes()like()swimming.
iii.Wheredoes()helive()?
句子结构及成分
1相关概念
1.词性的英文缩写
在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性
n.noun名词
v.verb动词
vt.transitiveverb及物动词
vi.intransitiveverb不及物动词
10.Isawhimwalkedintothebuilding.
我看到他跑进那座建筑物。
5.主动关系和被动关系
先看下面两个题：
1.______wonderful,thiskindoffoodenjoyedagoodsale.
2.A.TastedB.Beingtasted
3.C.TastingD.Havingtasted
Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney.他让我借给他一些钱。
“me”是宾语，“metolendhimsomemoney”意为“我借给他一些钱”。从意思上看，这像一句话，“我”是主语，“借给他一些钱”是谓语部分，但在英语原句中，它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可以说“逻辑上的主谓关系”，是指，从意思上看像主谓关系，而实际上不是。“tolendhimsomemoney”是宾语补足语。

十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案

十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案 The pony was revised in January 2021十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习一、新课导入个体名词集体名词普通名词物质名词1.名词抽象名词专有名词功能：表示人或事物的名称人称代词：主格宾格（注意it 的用法）物主代词：形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词指示代词：this, that, these, those单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词：复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves2.代词疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ everyanother, other, the other, others, the others复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody不定代词 someone, anyone, no onesomething, anything, nothingeverybody, everyone, everything功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等3.数词：基数词序数词功能：表数量或顺序4.冠词：定冠词不定冠词零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath….表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5.介词：表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass…表方位：….其他功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系6．形容词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质7. 副词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性并列连词：and/ both/ or/ not only…but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while…8. 连词：从属连词: if/ unless, because/as/ since,although/though…功能：用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词（vi./vt.）系动词助动词9. 动词：情态动词不定式（to do）非谓语动词分词: 现在分词（-ing）和过去分词（-ed）动名词（-ing）功能：表示人或事物的动作或状态10. 感叹词： oh ah well…功能：表示说话时的感情或口气课前小测：1.句子成分摸底测试：（1）指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.（2）判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4)5)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.6)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二：新课讲解：（一）句子成分七种句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、定语、状语、补语、表语等。

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．Which structure is right?A.Your father is ill in bed.（S+V）B.Your friend fell down.（S+V+O）C.Your team won the match.（S+V+O+OC）D.He seems ill.（S+V+P）【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？A is是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V 表示主谓，B fell是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O表示主谓宾，C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形式，S+V+P表示主系表，故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。

2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes,and her voice sounded________.A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。

A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一【2 】.英语句子成分和英语句子构造讲授：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）: 句子解释的人或事物.主语可以由名词.代词.数词.不定式.动名词.分词.主语从句和短语等来担任.The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It情势主语,主语从句是真正主语）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate）: 解释主语的动作.状况和特点.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语.）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质.状况和特点.He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来,smell（闻起来）, taste（尝.吃起来）, remain（保持,仍是）, feel（感到） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语.1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.4.宾语：1）动作的推却者-----I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词.代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.5.宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’tcome here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burni ng. （如今分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （曩昔分词）6.主补：对主语的补充,全称为主语补足语.He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语：润饰或限制名词或代词的词.词组或句子.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （如今分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （曩昔分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）定语后置：假如定语是由一个单词表示时,平日要前置.而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,平日则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?8.状语：用来润饰v., adj., adv., 或句子.表示时光.地点.原因.成果.程度.前提.方法和妥协. （以下例句按上述次序分列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.（二）句子构造简单句的五个根本句型1.主语＋不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.3.主语＋系动词＋表语 She is happy．4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book.5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.★ There +be 句型There are some books on the desk.There lies a book on the desk.Exercises ：剖析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．翻译演习：主谓构造（主语＋不及物动词）1.你应当尽力进修You should study hard.2.他昨天晚上很晚回家She went home very late yesterday evening.演习：1.This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤.2.I lived in Beijing five years ago. 五年前我住在北京.主谓宾构造（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1.我昨晚写了一封信I wrote a letter last night.2.我今世界午想和你谈谈I want to talk with you this afternoon.演习：1.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 我们大家都信任Jack 是一个说谎男孩.2.He did not know what to say. 他不知道说什麽好.主系表构造（主语＋系动词＋表语）1.我的弟弟都是大学生My brothers are all college students.2.在冬天,白天很短夜晚很长In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3. 布朗密斯看上去很健康Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4.在他15岁那年他成为了有名的画家 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 演习：1、树叶已经变黄了.The leaves have turned yellow.2.这个报告听起来很有意思.The report sounds interesting.双宾语构造（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1.强森师长教师客岁叫我们德语Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个有味的故事Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 演习：1. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗？ Will you please get me a new copy?2.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语构造（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）1.我们叫她爱丽丝We call her Alice.2.他怙恃叫他约翰His parents named him John.演习：1、黉舍定了一条规矩,开端上课时学生要起立.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 2.我以为与那小我谈话是无益的.I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型1.今晚不会开会There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.2.这个村庄里只有一口井There was only a well in the village.演习：1.铃响了.There goes the bell2.一周有七天.There are seven days a week二.英语句子种类讲授：按照句子的用处,英语句子可分为陈述句.疑问句.祈使句和感慨句.按照句子的构造,英语句子可分为简单句.并列句和复合句.中考对句子的考核重要分散在以下几个方面：1. 陈述句的构成情势及根本用法;2. 祈使句的构成情势及根本用法;3. 一般疑问句.特别疑问句.选择疑问句.反意疑问句的构成情势及根本用法;4. 由what, how引诱的感慨句的构成情势.用法及差别对于各类从句的用法我们在后面分离阐述.(一.) 陈述句的构成情势及根本用法1. 陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达措辞人意见（包括确定和否认）的句子.平日用降调,句末用句号“.”.Tom has a new car.The flower isn’t beautiful.2. 陈述句否认式的构成(1) 假如确定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词.情态动词或连络动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否认式.He is playing the guitar.（确定）He is not playing the guitar.（否认）We can get there before dark.（确定）We can’t get thee before dark.（否认）(2) 假如陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而个中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需依据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t.同时把该实义动词变为本相.He plays the violin well.（确定）He doesn’t play the violin well.（否认）She won the game.（确定）She didn’t win the game.（否认）(3) 假如句子是there be构造或曰语动词是have（有）,除了be和have之后加not之外,句中假如有some要变为any.例如：There is some wate r in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.He has some books. →He has not any books.(4) 除not以外,否认词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否认句.例如：There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. →I ha ve never seen the film.(二.) 祈使句的构成情势及根本用法祈使句是用来表示敕令.请求.建议.号令等的句子,谓语动词用本相,句末用感慨号“！”或句号“.”.朗读时一般用降调.1.确定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但假如要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情感时可以有主语或称呼语.Be quiet.You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的情感或请求,do起强调感化.Do come back at once! Do be careful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种虚心的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分离开.Open the window, please.（4）Let引诱祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一.第三人称.Let Jack wait a minute.Let’s go to school.（5）在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有差别的.Let’s包括措辞者,而Let us不包括听话者在内.这点从反意疑问句时可显著看出.Let’s go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议）Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求）2. 否认祈使句平日以Don’t或Never开首.其构造平日是：“Don’t(Never)+动词本相+其他成分” 例如：Don’t do that again!Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!Don’t be late next time!(三.) 一般疑问句.特别疑问句.选择疑问句.反意疑问句的构成情势及根本用法1. 一般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的确定情势一般疑问句一般是指以助动词.情态动词.be动词或have（有）开端,平日请求以yes,或no来答复的疑问句,一般疑问句读时平日用升调.Do you know Mr. Smith Can you swim?（2）一般疑问句的否认构造① 在一般疑问句的否认构造中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后.但假如用not的简单情势-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一路.在现实应用中,一般都采用简单式.Are you not a footb all fan?Aren’t you a football fan?Will she not like it?Won’t she like it?② 与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否认构造的答语是否认照样确定,全由答语的否认或确定来决议.若答语是确定的,则用yes加确定构造;若答语是否认的,则用no加否认构造.Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗？Yes, I am.\ No, I am not.Won’t she like it?Yes, she will. \ No, she won’t.。