句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案

句子成分

一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

常见错误分析

2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：1.play computer games does no good to us.

2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby.

3.Go home at once is his decision

4.Make more friends will do good to us.

5.I’m like computer very much.

6.The story was happening the year before last.

二．宾语：

1．动作的承受者-----动宾

请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。

I like China. （名词）

He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need? We need two. （数词）

I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式）

Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?

3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday.

常见错误分析

1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。

改错：①I am fond of play basketball.

②He’s crazy about read story books.

③I am sorry for late.

④I felt terribly sad for absent from class.

2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。

改错：①I enjoy make friends with everyone.

②He wanted go home at once.

三表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。

英语中常见的系动词及其分类。

①状态系动词：用来表示主语状态：即be 。常译为是

②持续系动词：用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度，主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie 、stand 、exist等。常译为保持，依然是

I hope you will keep fit.

We can remain friends.

Please stay seated

③变化系动词：用来表示主语变成什么样，主要包括：become 、grow 、turn 、get 、fall 、go 、come 、run 等。常译为变得

He went mad.

His hair turned grey.

I fell ill.

④结果系动词：表示主语对应的结果，主要有：prove to be ,turn out to be 。常译为结果是seem 、appear 、look.

⑤感官系动词：主要有feel 、smell 、sound 、taste ，seem 、appear 、look。

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

Now I feel tired.

请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。

He is a teacher. （名词）

Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）

Five and five is ten.（数词）

He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in. （副词）

The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

常见错误分析：

1：动词及其短语在作句子的表语时，需用其非谓语形式，其中to do 表将来的主动性动作，doing 表正在进行的主动性动作，有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征；done 表示被动的已完成的动作。

选择：

①My hobby is ＿＿basketball.

A: play B: playing C: to play D: played

②The dog was so ＿＿in that toy.

A: interesting B: interested C: to interest D: interest

③My plan is ＿＿home immediately.

A: go B: to go C: gone D: going.

④Kity was ＿＿at everything he saw.

A: surprising B: surprise C: surprised D: to surprise

⑤I was ＿＿at my grades.