高中英语人教版高一名词性从句复习资料

主语从句﹑表语从句﹑宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的功能相当于名词，分别作主语﹑表语﹑宾语和同位语。

因此，这四种从句可以叫做名词性从句。

从形式上看，这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号。

引导名词性从句的关联词有以下三类：1. 从属连词 ： that, whether, if2. 连接代词 ： who, whom, whose, what, which3. 连接副词 ： when, where, how, why一．主语从句定义：名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性特别注意：① 当主语从句置于句首时，常用whether 引导，不用if②2.that 引导的主语从句位于句首时，绝对不能省略；但当它用于it 作形式主语的句子中时有时可省略。

e.g. That you missed the meeting last week is a pity.→ It’s a pity (that) you missed the meeting last week.△ that 引导主语从句，常用it 作形式主语，常见句型有：注意：连接代词与副词引导主语从句时，常用it 作形式主语，但what 从句在“主系表”结构中作主语不用形式主语。

e.g. ①It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.②What they need is plenty of time.二。

表语从句特别注意：A.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.B .that在表语从句中不可以省掉。

B.表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。

1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。

China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。

The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。

At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

其它词引导的表语从句：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。

It seemed as though it had happened yesterday.2.Because,why引导的表语从句。

That's because he didn't understand me.那是因为他没有理解我。

（That's because…强调原因）That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。

（That's why…强调结果）3.名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because.The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.我难过的原因是他没有理解我。

4.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。

常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。

如：My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.三. 宾语从句在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

除谓语动词可跟宾语从句外，介词，不定式，分词以及某些形容词（如：sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied等）的后面也可以带宾语从句。

宾语从句可作谓语动词（vt.）的宾语，1.that引导的宾语从句1）that从句作动词宾语时，that常可省略（that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语；如果作其它介词的宾语，必须用it作形式宾语，且that不可省略。

）e.g. They know (that) the habit may kill him.We don’t know nothing about him except that he comes from Jiangshu.2)可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词后，如think, make, consider, feel, believe, find等，必须用it作形式宾语，而把that从句放到句尾，注意这时的that不可省e.g. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.3)hate, like, dislike, appreciate,enjoy等表示“喜欢”，“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on 等用常用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

① I appreciate it that you helped me when I was in trouble.②You may depend on it that I’ll help you.4)注意：that从句作动词宾语不可省略的情况：①句中若有两个或两个以上并列的that从句作宾语，第一个that可省，其它的不可以。

e.g. I believe (that) you’ve doneyour best and that those things will improve.②当that从句与主句谓语之间有插入语时，that不可省。

e.g. He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her.③当宾语从句的主语是that时。

e.g. He says that that is a useful book.④当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。

e.g. I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.⑤宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。

e.g. He told me that he would put some signs on the envelope.5). 注意：whether与if不可互换的情况：①作介词宾语只用whether不用if。

e.g. Everything depends on whether you have enough money.②宾语从句为否定时只用if不用whether。

e.g. I don’t care if he doesn’t come.③whether/if与or not连用时，whether or not=whether…or not；if…or not④discuss后只能用whether。

e.g. We need to discuss whether he should go abroad..6).指人的信仰或感情的形容词作表语时可以跟that引导的宾语从句。

如：afraid,angry,confident,glad/happy/pleased,sad,surprised,sorry,worried,proud,upset等。

e.g. She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.7). 宾语从句的时态呼应1）如果主句是祈使句或主句谓语是一般现在时、一般将来时，从句谓语根据句意,可使用任何一种时态。

e.g. Tell me where you went last summer holiday.Tell me where you will go this summer holiday.2)如果主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语必须用跟过去相关的时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来时）；①He asked me whether I had seen his MP4.②He said that he would come to Shenzhen tomorrow.但若宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理时，从句谓语仍用一般现在时。

②The teacher told the kid that light travels faster than sound.7). 难点：doubt, be sure/certain, wonder后的宾语从句连接词的问题1）doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，其后用that引导宾语从句，用于肯定句时，其后用whether/if引导宾语从句。

e.g.①She doubted if/whether that was what he wanted.②I don’t doubt that she will succeed in finishing the project.2)wonder意为“对…感到惊奇”时，其后用that引导宾语从句；意为“想知道”时，其后用what, who, whose, which, when, where, why, how, whether/if引导宾语从句。

e.g. ① I wonder whether they will arrive on time.②I wonder that I haven’t heard from him so long.8). 否定转移当主句的主语是第一人称，且是一般现在时，谓语是think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess, expect, consider等表示“认为；相信”等意义的动词后接宾语从句时，若从句为否定，常将否定词not转移到主句中。

e.g. I don’t believe that it is true.I don’t think that it will rain tomorrow.9）.宾语从句的虚拟语气（在这类动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 经常省略）His mother suggests that he (should) take an umbrella with him.特别注意：当suggest表示“暗示，显示”，insist表示“坚持说”的意思时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。