英语中的主谓一致

英语中的主谓一致
1.由and 或both…and连接的并列结构作主语
如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；由and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。

Rain and wind have caused a damage of about $20 million in that area.
Where is the watch and chain?
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
2.and 连接的并列主语带有each, every 或many a 等限定词，通常用单数.
Each actor and each actress was invited to the concert.
Every boy and every girl in this room has been criticized for being absent from class.
Many a teacher and parent is playing an important role in educating children.
3.主语＋with/as well as/but/other than…+n. / pron.等结构
当“主语＋with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, in addition to, including, except, but, other than, apart from, r ather than, no less than, more than, as much as, instead of, unlike… + N/Pron.”时，其谓语动词的单复数与主语保持一致。

Nothing but stamps and envelops is sold in the post office.
Jean, rather than her roommates, is to meet with Professor Brown at the airport.
Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.
A library with five thousand books has been offered to the nation as a gift.
4. 就近一致原则
由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or,not only …but also, not…but, 连接并列主语时，谓语动词与最靠近于它的名词或代词保持一致。

另外，there be 句型与here等引起的倒装句，谓语动词也往往与最邻近的主语保持一致。

My classmates or my English teacher is likely to be in the lecture hall.
Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
Here comes the bus and two cars.
5.不定代词anybody, nothing, none等作主语的结构
不定代词anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Either, neither, each, one, the other, another作主语或修饰语时，用单数；
All, who, which, the following, the rest及what-从句作主语时，根据所代表的意义确定谓语动词的单复数；
none作主语时，谓语动词即可用单数，也可用复数。

Neither of the researchers has solved the problem.
All but one were here just now.
All that can be done has been done.
Two of the teachers are Englishmen; the rest come from Australia.
What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.
What I miss badly are those happy hours I spent together with them.
None of those firemen enjoy (enjoys) hearing the alarm go off.
6.“分数，百分数，all, most, some, half, part+of + 名词”构成的短语作主语的结
构，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。

Two-thirds of the students in their class have entered for the composition contest.
More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered with water.
All of the food has gone bad.
Part of the houses in that district are to be pulled down.
7.集体名词audience, class, club, police, equipment, 等作主语
集体名词audience, class, club, committee, company, couple, crew, crowd, enemy, family, group, government, nation, party, population, public, team, 等作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若看作构成该集体的成员，用复数。

某些含有总称意义的名词，如，cattle, people, police, staff, people, militia, 等用作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数；
用作不可数名词的集体名词，如，equipment, furniture, jewellery,machinery, merchandise, 等，用作主语时，用单数。

There was a large audience in the theater and all the audience were very satisfied with the performances at the concert.
The whole club have been discussing how to elect their head these days.
His family is a happy one, and all his family are watching TV together.
The police are looking into the robbery which happened in the treasure shop last week.
Some of the furniture has been moved to another room.
Much of her jewellery was stolen last night.
The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
8.表示时间、距离、金钱、度量衡等复数名词或短语及不定式、动名词和从句
作主语
表示时间、距离、金钱、度量衡等复数名词或短语作主语看作一个整体时，用单数；
不定式，动名词和从句作主语，指一件事情或属于同一个概念，用单数；如果明显含有复数意义时，动词用复数。

Another five years has passed.
Where is the five dollars I lent you?
Early to go to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy and wise.
What he said is right.
What we badly need are young computer engineers.
9.定语从句中关系代词who, that, which作主语
who, that, which 作主语时，谓语动词应当在人称与数上与先行词保持一致。

若先行词为“one of the +复数名词”时，谓语动词用复数；若先行词为“the (only, very) one of the +复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。

I, who am your best friend, will try my best to help you out.
The windows which face south are broken.
The Shanghai Museum is one of the most modern museums that have been built in China.
He is the only one of the students that has passed the driving test.
10.其它一些主谓一致的特殊形式
Most of the rich look down upon the poor. (the + adj.指一类人，用复数)
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
Every possible means has been used to prevent pollution. (means, works(工厂)，series, species, headquarters等名词单复数同形)
All means have been tried out to increase production.
Many a man has done his duty.
More than two hundred people have been laid off in that company.
One in / out of ten students has / have failed the exam.
The Olympic Games are held every four years.。