初中英语主谓一致的用法及专项练习

题

一、主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

1.语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。

Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2.意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。

My family is having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

My family has moved three times.我们家搬过3次。

3.就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。

例如:

Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型

1.单数名词(代词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词作主语,谓语用复数形式。The desk is Tom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。

Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.

这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

2. many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。

Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。

3. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。

More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:

Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长假。

Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。

Te n miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。

Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。

但是,如果时间,距离,价格,度量衡的服饰名词与pass,go by,waste,use,spend 等词连用时,谓语动词用复数,如:

Five years has passed since I joined the Party.我入党5年了。

5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。

Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。

6. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。

7.一个动词不定式,动名词,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.

做眼睛xx对你的眼睛十分有益。

两个动词不定式,动名词,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

What he says and what he does do not agree.他言行不一。

Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his great pleasure.夏游泳,冬滑雪是他最大的乐趣。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two作主语,谓语动词用单数。

A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。

比较:

one or two +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用用复数。

One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种树。

9.当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, as much

as,including,besides, except, but, in addition to,like,rather than等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式通常由句首主语来决定,在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式,它们在句子中其实是状语。

Mike with his parents has been to England.迈克同他的父母去过英格兰。

Mike'sparents withMike has been to England.迈克父母同迈克去过英格兰。

10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但是