《跨文化交际与翻译》 (5)

• We see the world not as what it is, but as the world comes to our sensory receptor.
The Notion of Culture
➢ Deep Culture vs. Surface Culture
Consider the following, try to decide which of them are above the water and which are below:
Lecture Two
Culture and Communication
A Review of the Components of Communication
Noise Context
source encoding message channel receiver decoding receiver response
• Cultures may be classified by three large categories of elements: artifacts (which include items ranging from arrowheads to hydrogen bombs, magic charms to antibiotics, torches to electric lights, and chariots to jet planes); concepts (which include such beliefs or value systems as right or wrong, God and man, ethics, and the general meaning of life); and behaviors (which refer to the actual practice of concepts or beliefs).
• obligation • landscape • scholarship • modify • interpretation • convey • greedy • episode • self-reliance • acquaintance • financial • sympathy • distinction • evaluate • base on • take something personally
Warm up
• An American university student Tom is active in a foreign student club at his university and has several good friends from different countries. One of them tells Tom his parents and sister will be visiting, and he asks Tom if he would like to meet them.
Deep Culture
1. what is good or bad 2.What is right or wrong 3.What is beautiful or ugly 4.What is clean or dirty 5.How is an individual related to others
Individualism
Collectivism
relationship with others
loosely linked, independent
motivation preferences, needs, rights
closely linked, dependent
norms, duties
➢ What and how people eat ➢ How to keep healthy ➢ How to raise children ➢ How to use time ➢ Rules for gestures ➢ Literature ➢ Holidays ➢ Arts ➢ What is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or bad,
Warm up
• He senses some awkwardness and realizes that he has not offered them anything to drink. “Would you like coffee or tea or a soft drink?” he asks. They all refuse. Things seem more awkward now. But he talks a little about their country, about studies at the university, about the cost of living, and eventually the father whispers something to his son. “I think we must be leaving to return to the hotel,” he says. Everybody stands up, shake hands, and they start to leave. “Please come and visit again,” Tom says as he stands and watches the family walk to the door, open it, and disappear down the hall.
priority
personal goals
goals of collectives
emphasis
rational analyses
connectedness to other members
words and phrases
• graduate student • custom • annoying • meter • pushy • draw a conclusion • lie in • intercultural • speciality • reluctant • combination • odd • on a diet • individualist • collectivist • voluntary
➢ Individual ➢ Individualist (adj.) culture ➢ Individualism n.
➢ Collectivist culture ➢ Collectivism
Surface Culture
1. what to eat and how to eat it 2. How to keep healthy 3. How to raise children 4. How to participate in ceremonies 5. How to introduce and greet people
feedback
Relevant Concepts
• Intercultural communication • Intracultural communication • International communication • Interracial communication • Cross-cultural communication
Warm up
• Tom invites all of them to visit his home one afternoon. They arrive and present him with a nicely wrapped gift. Tom tells them they shouldn’t have brought anything, but thanks them and proceeds to open the gift, which turns out to be a very pretty vase from their country. He than days later, in a very indirect way, Tom learns from another friend that the visitors thought he was a rude host.
Brainstorming
• Why was Tom considered a rude host by his visitors? Try to figure out at least three things Tom did that might be regarded impolite.
Outside of our conscious awareness
Read and Think
• What is the differences between individualist and collectivist Culture?
– Blue book
Differences between Individualism and Collectivism
etc. ➢ Theories of disease, sin, death, god or gods, sanity, self, etc.
Culture
• We define culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.