高中英语语法——句子成分(知识点讲解及习题练习)
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8.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.→伴随状语
2.Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.
3.Why he did it was very clear.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrowisoften acceptable.
7. The pen │writes smoothly这支笔书写流利。
主语进阶：
1.Walls have ears. →名词
2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词
3.Three and four is seven. →数词
4.To see is to believe. →To do不定式
3.Who’s that? It’s me. →pron.
4.Three times five is fifteen.→数词
5.The story of my life may be of help to others. →介词短语
6.His plan is to seek work in the city. →to do
7.The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
8.I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
考点5.补语
1、简单谓语：由一个动词构成。如：
Hepracticesrunningevery morning.
Hereadsnewspapersevery day.
2、复合谓语：
复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由连系动词加表语构成。
Youmay keepthe book for two weeks.
双宾语：(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
练习：划出下列句子的补语。
1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.
2) We made him our monitor.
3) His father told him not to play in the street.
4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.
考点4.宾语
一．宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
位置：一般放在动词/动词短语之后；介词之后
宾语往往由名词，代词，动名词，数词，to do不定式，句子，介词+名词充当
1.She covered her face with her hands.→名词
2.We haven’t seen her for a long time. →pron
被修饰的成分后；
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
Two boys needtwopens.
Hisname is Tom.
The boy in blueis Tom.
The boythereneeds a pen.
练习：划出下列句子的定语
1.The boy needs a ball pen.
2.There is nothing to do today.
考点3.表语
表语：位于系动词之后，构成系表结构，说明主语的特质，特征，状态等。注：系动词又叫连系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语。
常见的系动词：
“状态”类：be
“变化”类：get/become/turn/grow/go
“感官”类：taste/smell/look/sound/fell
“持续”类：stay/keep/remain
2. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
4. Who │cares?管它呢？
5. What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
6. They │talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。
其他：（似乎）seem/appear
（证明是）prove/turn out to be
表语常由形容词（adj.），名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，介词短语，to do不定式，句子构成。
1.Everything here is expensive.→adj.
2.My father is a professor. →n.
3.We found everythingin good orderthere.→介词短语
4.I should advice youto get the chance.→to do
5.I saw himgoing upstairs.→现在分词doing
6.They found the housebroken in.→done
Hehas caughta bad cold.
Mr Chenis my English teacher.
练习：划出下列句子的谓语
My sisteris cryingover there.
Ihavebeenwaitingfor you all the time.
Iwouldstayat home all day.
3.Do you mindopening the window? →动名词
4.Give me four please. →数词
5.He wants to dream a nice dream. →to do
6.Wehave knownwhattheyare doing. →句子
7.We should care more about our friends. →介词+名词
6.China is adevelopingcountry. →doing
7.Thosewho want to go to Tibetare to sign their names here. →从句
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
复合不定代词(something/nothing)之后；
不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.
6) Keep the children quiet, please.
7) He painted the wall white.
考点6.定语
定语常由名词，名词所有格，数词，形容词，序数词，to do形式，现在分词doing和句子来充当。
3. His face turned red.()
4.The cultural background of China is totally different from that of the US.()
5.My suggestion is that we should start at once.()
5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing动名词
6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子
练习：找出下列句子的主语
1.To obey the law is everyone's duty.
3. He admits that he was mistaken.
4. I│told│him│that the bus was late.
5. He│showed│me│how to run the machine.
6.Mr. Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.
3.The pen bought by her is made in China.
4.The boy you will know is Tom.
5.The beautiful girl is her daughter.
6.The building being repaired is our library.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语：英语有些及物动词（vt），接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。
“宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语
宾语常常由名词，形容词，介词短语，非谓语动词来充当
1.They elected mecaptain of the team.→n.
2.We try to make our countrystrong.→adj.
一对一个性化教案
年级
高三
科目
英语
教师
学生姓名
日期
时间
匹配的《课程实施方案》的内容
句子成分
课标要求
能够识别主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语和同位语英语句子成分。
学习目标
熟知句子成分的种类，各句子成分的概念和功能作用。
教与学过程
教师
的教
句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）
4.We’ll send a carto fetch you.→目的状语
5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bone.结果状语
6.If he goes, so will I.→条件状语
7.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.→让步状语
1.She│ordered│herself│a new dress.
2. He│brought│you│a dictionary.
3. I│showed│him│my pictures.
练习：划出下列句子的宾语
1.. He said "Good morning."
2. I want to have a cup of tea.
1.They arewomenworkers.→n.
2.Tom’sfather didn’t have a car. →名词所有格
3.Mary is abeautifulgirl. →adj.
4.The play hasthreeacts. →数词
5.This isher firsttripto Europe. →adj./序/ to do
除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
考点1.主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：
1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式短语6.动名词（动名词短语）7.主语从句等表示。
1. The moon │rose.月亮升起了。
7.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. →句子
练习：找出下列句子的表语，并说出表语的构成成分。
1. The trouble is that they are short of money.()
2.Our well has gone dry.()
5.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as 主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
考点7.状语
二．状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
1.I left the villagefive years ago.→时间状语
2.The best fish swimnear the bottom.→地点状语
3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.→原因状语
2.Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.
3.Why he did it was very clear.
4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrowisoften acceptable.
7. The pen │writes smoothly这支笔书写流利。
主语进阶：
1.Walls have ears. →名词
2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词
3.Three and four is seven. →数词
4.To see is to believe. →To do不定式
3.Who’s that? It’s me. →pron.
4.Three times five is fifteen.→数词
5.The story of my life may be of help to others. →介词短语
6.His plan is to seek work in the city. →to do
7.The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
8.I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
考点5.补语
1、简单谓语：由一个动词构成。如：
Hepracticesrunningevery morning.
Hereadsnewspapersevery day.
2、复合谓语：
复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由连系动词加表语构成。
Youmay keepthe book for two weeks.
双宾语：(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
练习：划出下列句子的补语。
1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.
2) We made him our monitor.
3) His father told him not to play in the street.
4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.
考点4.宾语
一．宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
位置：一般放在动词/动词短语之后；介词之后
宾语往往由名词，代词，动名词，数词，to do不定式，句子，介词+名词充当
1.She covered her face with her hands.→名词
2.We haven’t seen her for a long time. →pron
被修饰的成分后；
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
Two boys needtwopens.
Hisname is Tom.
The boy in blueis Tom.
The boythereneeds a pen.
练习：划出下列句子的定语
1.The boy needs a ball pen.
2.There is nothing to do today.
考点3.表语
表语：位于系动词之后，构成系表结构，说明主语的特质，特征，状态等。注：系动词又叫连系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语。
常见的系动词：
“状态”类：be
“变化”类：get/become/turn/grow/go
“感官”类：taste/smell/look/sound/fell
“持续”类：stay/keep/remain
2. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
4. Who │cares?管它呢？
5. What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
6. They │talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。
其他：（似乎）seem/appear
（证明是）prove/turn out to be
表语常由形容词（adj.），名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，介词短语，to do不定式，句子构成。
1.Everything here is expensive.→adj.
2.My father is a professor. →n.
3.We found everythingin good orderthere.→介词短语
4.I should advice youto get the chance.→to do
5.I saw himgoing upstairs.→现在分词doing
6.They found the housebroken in.→done
Hehas caughta bad cold.
Mr Chenis my English teacher.
练习：划出下列句子的谓语
My sisteris cryingover there.
Ihavebeenwaitingfor you all the time.
Iwouldstayat home all day.
3.Do you mindopening the window? →动名词
4.Give me four please. →数词
5.He wants to dream a nice dream. →to do
6.Wehave knownwhattheyare doing. →句子
7.We should care more about our friends. →介词+名词
6.China is adevelopingcountry. →doing
7.Thosewho want to go to Tibetare to sign their names here. →从句
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
复合不定代词(something/nothing)之后；
不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.
6) Keep the children quiet, please.
7) He painted the wall white.
考点6.定语
定语常由名词，名词所有格，数词，形容词，序数词，to do形式，现在分词doing和句子来充当。
3. His face turned red.()
4.The cultural background of China is totally different from that of the US.()
5.My suggestion is that we should start at once.()
5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing动名词
6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子
练习：找出下列句子的主语
1.To obey the law is everyone's duty.
3. He admits that he was mistaken.
4. I│told│him│that the bus was late.
5. He│showed│me│how to run the machine.
6.Mr. Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.
3.The pen bought by her is made in China.
4.The boy you will know is Tom.
5.The beautiful girl is her daughter.
6.The building being repaired is our library.
宾语补足语
宾语补足语：英语有些及物动词（vt），接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。
“宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语
宾语常常由名词，形容词，介词短语，非谓语动词来充当
1.They elected mecaptain of the team.→n.
2.We try to make our countrystrong.→adj.
一对一个性化教案
年级
高三
科目
英语
教师
学生姓名
日期
时间
匹配的《课程实施方案》的内容
句子成分
课标要求
能够识别主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补足语和同位语英语句子成分。
学习目标
熟知句子成分的种类，各句子成分的概念和功能作用。
教与学过程
教师
的教
句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）
4.We’ll send a carto fetch you.→目的状语
5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bone.结果状语
6.If he goes, so will I.→条件状语
7.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.→让步状语
1.She│ordered│herself│a new dress.
2. He│brought│you│a dictionary.
3. I│showed│him│my pictures.
练习：划出下列句子的宾语
1.. He said "Good morning."
2. I want to have a cup of tea.
1.They arewomenworkers.→n.
2.Tom’sfather didn’t have a car. →名词所有格
3.Mary is abeautifulgirl. →adj.
4.The play hasthreeacts. →数词
5.This isher firsttripto Europe. →adj./序/ to do
除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
考点1.主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：
1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式短语6.动名词（动名词短语）7.主语从句等表示。
1. The moon │rose.月亮升起了。
7.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. →句子
练习：找出下列句子的表语，并说出表语的构成成分。
1. The trouble is that they are short of money.()
2.Our well has gone dry.()
5.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as 主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
考点7.状语
二．状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
1.I left the villagefive years ago.→时间状语
2.The best fish swimnear the bottom.→地点状语
3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.→原因状语