学习计划第三课

学生导学案第三课

Ⅰ名词性从句——宾语从句

第一部分：定义及用法

定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句通常跟在动词、动词词组、系表结构的形容词后。

1.that引导

在陈述一个事实时，常用that引导宾语从语, 不表示任何含义，且可省略。

1）及物动词后

We all know (that) success calls for hard work.

We knew (that) he had made a mistake.

2）某些be+形容词的结构后，如sure, certain, glad, happy, afraid, sorry等。

I am sure that I have closed the door.

I am afraid that you are right.

2.whether/if引导

当对所陈述事物不确定时，常用whether /if引导宾语从句，表“是否”的含义，在句子中不可省略，常放在don’t know, want to ask, wonder, be not sure, can you tell me之后。

I don’t know whet her/ if this bike is hers.

I am not sure whether he will come.

【注意】以下情况只用whether不用if。

a) 介词后的宾语从句用whether引导。

We are talking about whether we can get the chance.

b)whether引导宾语从句可以与or not连用

He doesn’t know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.

c) Whether引导的宾语从句可以置于句首。

Whether they will join in the picnic I don’t care.

d) 在不定式前只用whether。

I’m just wondering whether to stay for another hour.

3.连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose 引导

当宾语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，常用连接代词引导，what表“什么”，which表“哪个”，who表“谁”(主语)，whom表“谁” (宾语)，whose表“谁的”。

Do you remember what you should do next?

I want to know which medicine he has taken.

Please tell me who called me just now.

I don’t know whom they are speaking to.

Do you know whose child he is?

4. 连接副词when，why，where，how引导

当宾语从句中需要对时间、原因、地点、方式进行提问时，常用连接副词引导，用when 表“什么时候”，why 表“为什么”，where表“在哪里”，how 表“如何”，且宾语从句为陈述语气。 He asked me where they were born.

He asks how we can help protect the environment.

I can’t find out why the machine doesn’t work well.

Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test?

第二部分：辨析难点

1. 区分what 与which

what表“什么”，可单独作宾语从句的主语或宾语；

which表“哪个”，通常后面接一个名词，共同构成宾语从句的主语或宾语。

e.g. Can you tell me which way leads to the hospital, the right one or the left one?

e.g. You should pay attention to what the doctor told you.

2. 区分what与that

what 做宾语从句的主语或宾语，that只起连接作用，不作句子成分。

e.g. I don’t know what he is doing.

e.g. I don’t think it’s your fault.

3. 表“建议、命令、要求、”的词后常接含虚拟语气的宾语从句。

｛建议：suggest, advise；命令：order；要求： insist , require｝+ that (should) do sth.

e.g. I suggested that he (should ) do his homework.

第三部分：宾语从句练习

A 用适当的引导词填空

1. I believe ________ you are telling a lie.

2. I’m afraid _____ I can’t help you now.

3. I told him ______ happened to me last night.

4. Do you know ______ Jim is speaking to?

5. I can’t decide _________ advice I should take.