英语语言学——重音Stress ppt
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英语语言学及应用课件PPT胡壮麟史上最全面
举例: too 和 tea 中的 /t/ 发too中的/t/时, 舌位更靠近口腔前部 发tea中的/t/时，舌位更靠近口腔后部 所以too 和 tea 中的 /t/两个不同的音子
Hale Waihona Puke Phoneme(音位): phonological and abstract unit, a unit of distinctive value; the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words.
1. Bilabial双唇 ; 2. Labiodental唇齿的; 3. Dental or
interdental齿音和齿 间; 4. Alveolar齿龈音 ; 5. Palatoalveolar腭齿音; 6. Palatal 腭音; 7. Velar软腭音; 8. Uvular小舌音; 9. Glottal声门.
2019/12/24
What is linguistics
Linguistics, the scientific study of language, concerns itself with all aspects of how people use language and what they must know in order to do so.
The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned:
I Language as a Formal System
The study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. is called phonology音系学.
Hale Waihona Puke Phoneme(音位): phonological and abstract unit, a unit of distinctive value; the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words.
1. Bilabial双唇 ; 2. Labiodental唇齿的; 3. Dental or
interdental齿音和齿 间; 4. Alveolar齿龈音 ; 5. Palatoalveolar腭齿音; 6. Palatal 腭音; 7. Velar软腭音; 8. Uvular小舌音; 9. Glottal声门.
2019/12/24
What is linguistics
Linguistics, the scientific study of language, concerns itself with all aspects of how people use language and what they must know in order to do so.
The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned:
I Language as a Formal System
The study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. is called phonology音系学.
英语的重音、语调、声调及其
声调(tone)
• 虽然英语是重音节奏语言，人们也可以在 单音节词汇上使用不同的声调，即音高变 化。
• nō nó nǒ nò no 的词义不会直接发生改变，当然，不同 的调型自身会有不同的话语含义，但只是 间接意义，隐含意义。——《英语重音动 态研究》徐曦明 上海交通大学出版社 P204
语调(Intonation)
• When pitch, stress and length are tied to the sentence ,they are known as intonation.
• 语调与声调的关系： “ 就是你拿字调（声调）跟语调比小波和大波。 大浪在那儿起伏，每一个浪头上仍旧可以有小浪 儿。所以字调在语调上就仿佛小波在大波上似的 都可以并存的。”（赵元任 1980:94）
诗歌欣赏（Iambic tetrameter）
• Shall I│compare│ thee to │a sum│mer’s day? ( a) Thou art │more love│ly and │more tem│perate -: ( b) Rough winds │do shake │the dar│ling buds │of May, (a) And sum│mer’s lease│ hath all │too short│ a date: (b)
重音的意义功能
• 一、单词
• a.重音换位，词性改变，意义相同
•动
名
con‘flict
‘conflict
斗争
in‘sult
’insult
侮辱
fre‘quent
’frequent
频繁
• b 意义微妙变化
•动
名
语言学导论PPT课件
isn’t innate
As.
Material →
→ product
.
7
※ competence ① (Grammar) is equal to everybody ② ideal knowledge of language user
performance ① isn’t equal to everybody ② influenced by psychological and social factors.
.
11
3. Social functions of language (1) Communicative means (the most important one) (2) The means for conceptual thinking and recognition of
the world. (3) The vehicle and transmitter of culture.
language is cultural-dependant language mirrors culture
.
12
4. Functions of language in communication (1) Phatic (2) Directive function (3) Informative function (4) Expressive function (5) Interrogative function (6) Evocative function (7) Performative function
Descriptivism: a) Language is live, changing. If one of
学一点英语语音学(Ⅲ):重音(Stress)
学一点英语语音学(Ⅲ)：重音(Stress)
尤五力
【期刊名称】《当代继续教育》
【年(卷),期】2004(022)003
【摘要】本文介绍了英语语音重音的定义,词重音的一般规律,次重音的一般规律,复合词和词组的重音,我国学生学习单词重音应注意的问题,旨在为英语的教与学提供有限的资料和方法,以便作进一步的认知与探讨.
【总页数】3页(P52-54)
【作者】尤五力
【作者单位】湖北大学外国语学院,武汉,430062
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H311
【相关文献】
1.学一点英语语音学(V):语调(Intonation or Pitch)(续) [J], 尤五力
2.学一点英语语音学(Ⅳ):句子重音(Sentence Stress) [J], 尤五力
3.学一点英语语音学(V):语调(Intonation or Pitch) [J], 尤五力
4.学一点英语语音学:音节(Syllable) [J], 尤五力
5.基于实验语音学的英语复合词重音偏误分析 [J], 尚春雨
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
选修uni词汇ppt课件
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答案：D
.in spite of虽然；尽管……仍，不管，不顾 ①In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing. 我们不顾恶劣的天气仍去钓鱼。 ②Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.虽然她丈夫酗酒，凯莉仍然爱着他。
B. along with
C. due to
D. rather than
解析：考查介词短语。in spite of尽管；along with和……一起；due
to由于；因为；rather than而不是。
答案：C
②It is reported that the president has put off the trip ________the
13
①She was ashamed to ask such a simple question. ②I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long. ③She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.
11
desperate adj. 绝望的，拼命的 be desperate for sth
极需要某物;渴望得到某物 be desperate to do sth
渴望做某事 in desperate need 急切需要 desperate attempt/measures/effort 孤注一掷...
accustomed to (doing) sth.形式来做。
答案：A
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①I feel like going to Beijing. 我想去北京。 ②I just don't feel like myself today. 我今天觉得很不舒服
答案：D
.in spite of虽然；尽管……仍，不管，不顾 ①In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing. 我们不顾恶劣的天气仍去钓鱼。 ②Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.虽然她丈夫酗酒，凯莉仍然爱着他。
B. along with
C. due to
D. rather than
解析：考查介词短语。in spite of尽管；along with和……一起；due
to由于；因为；rather than而不是。
答案：C
②It is reported that the president has put off the trip ________the
13
①She was ashamed to ask such a simple question. ②I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long. ③She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.
11
desperate adj. 绝望的，拼命的 be desperate for sth
极需要某物;渴望得到某物 be desperate to do sth
渴望做某事 in desperate need 急切需要 desperate attempt/measures/effort 孤注一掷...
accustomed to (doing) sth.形式来做。
答案：A
22
①I feel like going to Beijing. 我想去北京。 ②I just don't feel like myself today. 我今天觉得很不舒服
英语语言学重音Sressppt课件
We "heard Mary singing upstairs.
(But we didn't see her.)
We heard "Mary singing upstairs.
(But we didn't hear John.)
We heard Mary "singing upstairs.
Stress
1
refers to relative emphasis or prominence （突出） given to a syllable（音节） in a word, or to a word in a phrase or sentence
2
Two kinds of stress：
1、word stress 2、sentence stress
如:contract , abstract , permit 这三个词的重音都放在第 一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要， 许可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时， 则变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。
4
The noun and the verb: The noun has the stress on the first syllable (音节) . The verb has the stress on the second syllable.
For example: 'import(n.) ---im’port (v.) ‘increase(n.)---in’crease(v.)
5
A compound noun and a phrase 由两个或两个以上的单词构成，能表达一个新意思的 词叫复合词。如：good-hearted(好心的), baby-sit(临 时照料小孩)等。
英语语言学——重音Stress
The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged. 如:contract , abstract , permit 这三个词的重音都放在第 一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要，许 可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时，则 变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。
refers to relative emphasis or prominence （突出） given to a syllable （音节） in a word, or to a word in a phrase or sentence
1、word stress
2、sentence stress
3.复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。
如：green-eyed /gri:n'aid/ 嫉妒的 ;
Байду номын сангаас
4.反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如：
myself /mai'self/ 我自己 ;
The combinations of –ing forms and nouns 复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上,而次重音在第
Noun Main verb Adjective Adverbs Numerals（数词） Demonstrative pronouns（指示代词）
An elephant is an animal.
英语语音语调之单词的重音PPT课件
2021
5
What are the common rules of stress ?
复合词的重音
1.前后两个词已形成一个新词，读音一般为重轻 ‘blackboard ‘basketball 2.前后两个词意思独立，未被视为一个新词，均重读 ‘United ‘Nation(联合国) 3.重音不同，表达的含义不同 P85
2021
6
How to read stressed syllables correctly?
1.重读音节或重读单词要读的长，重，清楚，高，强 2.重读音节类似汉语拼音第四声 P86
2021
7
2021
4
What are the common rules of stress ?
单词的重音
4. 多音节词，即三个音节以上的词 ①轻重轻轻 American[əˈmɛrɪkən]
②次重轻主重轻两种读法，主重一般在倒数第二个音节， 次重在主重往前再倒数第二个音节 revolution [ˌrɛvəˈluʃən]
Pronunciation and Intonation of English 英语语音语调
Class 2 Stress of words 词的重音
2021
1
Main Content
1.What is stress? 2.What are the common rules of stress? 3.How to read stressed syllables correctly? 4.Oral practice
2021
3
What are the common rules of stress ?
单词的重音
1.单音节词，为重读音节 like[laɪk] red[rɛd]
英语语音PPT71 Word stress in English.ppt
word
pattern
tea.cher • .
beau.ti.ful • . .
un.der.stand . . •
con.ti.nue . • .
How to pronounce word stress?
When a syllable is stressed, it is pronounced
longer in duration higher in pitch louder in volume
Unit 7 Word Stress in English
What is ‘Word stress’?
P.44: Word stress is the relative degree of force used in pronouncing the different syllables of a word of more than one syllable.
a. progress (noun) b. progress (verb)
a. object (noun) b. object (verb)
a. increase (noun) b. increase (verb)
a. survey (noun) b. survey (verb)
a. project (noun) b. project (verb)
P.47, II, Listen and repeat.
Distinctive word stress patterns
a. permit (noun) b. permit (verb)
a. insult (noun) b. insult (verb)
a. produce (noun) b. produce (verb)
语音学单词重音讲解课件word stress
word stress (单词重音)
word stress (单词重音)
The stress patterns of two-element compounds and noun phrases *Compounds may be pronounced on two stress patterns: Primary stress on the first component: "saucepan, "grand%father Primary stress on the second component: %first- "class, %second- "hand *compound proper nouns normally have a primary stress on the second element, except for the names of streets New "York, United "Nations, Atlantic "Ocean, "Forest Street *In noun phrases (adj. + n.), nouns should receive primary stress:
word stress (单词重音)
Distinctive word stress patterns / stress influence on word meaning Some two-syllable words distinguish their noun/adjective forms from their verb forms by a difference in stress patterns: the noun/adjective form has primary stress on the first syllable and the verb form has primary stress on the second syllable. "import (n.), im"port (v.) "present (n./a.), pre"sent (v.)
英语语音重读sentence-stressPPT优秀课件
Sentence Stress (句子重音)
7. The stressing of the adverb “there”: unstressed in “there to be”:
The house has many rooms and there is a lovely garden.
8. The stressing of conjunctions with an emphatic meaning: conjunctions with an emphatic meaning are usually stressed:
*In general, stressed words give information to the listener and unstressed words join the information words together.
*If you stress all the words in an utterance, you may sound unpleasant or even cause misunderstanding because you are giving too much information, and English speakers usually stress all words only when they are impatient, angry, or very serious.
the city
8
Sentence Stress (句子重音)
B — I’m going to the library. Would you like to come too, Pat? — I’m sorry, but I have to work in the lab. I have to finish my report. — Oh, I see. Are you going now? — I’ll be ready in a few minutes. C — Are you taking a vacation this summer, Linda? — Sure. I’ll be away from August 5 to August 18. — Where are you going? — Paris.
stress
(4) Some words can be a verb, also can be a noun, or an adjective. Verb, the second syllable; As a noun or an adjective, the first syllable.
(e.g.) con`vict ( v.)--`convict (n.), pro`duce (v.)--`produce (n.), pre`sent ( v.) --`present ( n.) in`sult (v.)—`insult (n.), re`bel (v.)--`rebel (n ) ab`sent (v.) --`absent (adj.)
`Can you come this afternoon?
This is `all I canhis evening?
I `hope we shall `meet again `soon.
In principle, the stress may fall on any syllable. They also change over history and exhibit regional or dialectal differences. For example, it has been observed that in`tegral, co`mmunal, for`midable, and con`troversy are becoming the norm whereas `integral, `communal, `formidable, and `controversy are often considered conservative.
(1) The typical verbs tend to the second syllable. e.g. ab`sorb , be`have , for`ge t, re`ceive (2) Verbs outside of the two-syllable word, tend to be the first syllable e.g. custom（n.），distant（ adj．），second（num．）,often （adv.） into （ prep. ）,after （conj.） (3)The suffixes of nouns, adjectives and adverbs are mostly unstressed. e.g. －er －ess －tion－sion－ment －dom －less－ible－like－al－ful－ly
英语语言学-语言学知识点
反例：印度狼孩
定义：language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
Cultural Transmission（文化传递性）:
3. Design feature 定义特征
语言学知识点
CLICK HERE TO ADD A TITLE
单击此处添加文本具体内容
演讲人姓名
01
02
03
I 语言学导论
II 语言学主要分支学科
III 语言学的流派和理论
design feature of language （语言的定义特征） Language Families (世界语言分类) important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
Arbitrariness（任意性）
01
Duality(二层性)
02
Creativity/Productivity(创造性)
03
Displacement（移位性）
04
Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
05
1）Arbitrariness(任意性): 定义：the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 举例： 书, book, livre 喜欢，like，aimer
Duality（二层性）:
定义：the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level.
定义：language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
Cultural Transmission（文化传递性）:
3. Design feature 定义特征
语言学知识点
CLICK HERE TO ADD A TITLE
单击此处添加文本具体内容
演讲人姓名
01
02
03
I 语言学导论
II 语言学主要分支学科
III 语言学的流派和理论
design feature of language （语言的定义特征） Language Families (世界语言分类) important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
Arbitrariness（任意性）
01
Duality(二层性)
02
Creativity/Productivity(创造性)
03
Displacement（移位性）
04
Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
05
1）Arbitrariness(任意性): 定义：the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 举例： 书, book, livre 喜欢，like，aimer
Duality（二层性）:
定义：the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level.
英语语音及重音规则(初学者必备)-PPT
6
• dim 朦胧的Ødin 喧闹➢ding 唠叨
• seem
Øseen ➢seeing
• sum
Øsun ➢sung
• whim 怪想 Øwin ➢wing
• lead
Øneed ➢read
• light
Ø night ➢right
7
Notes：
1）不应随意加[ә]音的辅音:
[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] [p] top, soap, stop, pop [b] job, cab, robe, pub [t] that, sit, let, best [d] bad, glad, had, mad [k] like, book, kick, cake [g] dog, leg, beg, big
8
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
9
2）[θ] [s]不分, [ð] [z]不分
mouth – mouse thief – self thin – sin think – sink this – zoo then – zest them - zone
10
3）[l]音漏读, 误读
在美音中，无论何种情况 r 都发音，发 [r]，相当于汉语普通话中的儿化音。
14
car large dark
sir girl first
15
2.元音的差别
[a:] 和[æ ]
在美音中，当 [a:] 出现在[n], [f], [s], [θ]前时发[æ ]，在英音中[a:] 发音 不变。
dance, after, fast, path
部分单词在英音和美音中 要重读的音节不同。
• dim 朦胧的Ødin 喧闹➢ding 唠叨
• seem
Øseen ➢seeing
• sum
Øsun ➢sung
• whim 怪想 Øwin ➢wing
• lead
Øneed ➢read
• light
Ø night ➢right
7
Notes：
1）不应随意加[ә]音的辅音:
[p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] [p] top, soap, stop, pop [b] job, cab, robe, pub [t] that, sit, let, best [d] bad, glad, had, mad [k] like, book, kick, cake [g] dog, leg, beg, big
8
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
9
2）[θ] [s]不分, [ð] [z]不分
mouth – mouse thief – self thin – sin think – sink this – zoo then – zest them - zone
10
3）[l]音漏读, 误读
在美音中，无论何种情况 r 都发音，发 [r]，相当于汉语普通话中的儿化音。
14
car large dark
sir girl first
15
2.元音的差别
[a:] 和[æ ]
在美音中，当 [a:] 出现在[n], [f], [s], [θ]前时发[æ ]，在英音中[a:] 发音 不变。
dance, after, fast, path
部分单词在英音和美音中 要重读的音节不同。
英语朗读的重音语调PPT课件
第5页/共7页
冠词一般都不重读
He 'lives in a 'house 'not 'far from the 'school. It's an 'hour ’s 'drive from the 'old
'station.
The 'man 'over there is my 'brother. An 'elephant is an 'animal.
第2页/共7页
2. 名词性物主代词
'Yours is 'much 'nicer than 'mine. The 'red one is 'his.
但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读
I’m 'writing to a 'friend of mine.
3. 强调代词
I 'saw it my'self. The 'man him'self 'told me so.
第6页/共7页
感谢您的观看！
第7页/共7页
'This is 'not what I 'mean. 'That 'isn’t the one I 'asked for. 'Do you 'like (')these 'flowers?
但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音
'How do you 'like those 'little ones? 'Who 'wrote this 'interesting 'story?
冠词一般都不重读
He 'lives in a 'house 'not 'far from the 'school. It's an 'hour ’s 'drive from the 'old
'station.
The 'man 'over there is my 'brother. An 'elephant is an 'animal.
第2页/共7页
2. 名词性物主代词
'Yours is 'much 'nicer than 'mine. The 'red one is 'his.
但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读
I’m 'writing to a 'friend of mine.
3. 强调代词
I 'saw it my'self. The 'man him'self 'told me so.
第6页/共7页
感谢您的观看！
第7页/共7页
'This is 'not what I 'mean. 'That 'isn’t the one I 'asked for. 'Do you 'like (')these 'flowers?
但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音
'How do you 'like those 'little ones? 'Who 'wrote this 'interesting 'story?
英语语言学及应用课件PPT胡壮麟史上最全面
Welcome to Linguistics
2020/10/1
Contents
名词解释；学术流派对比评论；理论解释某语言现象 语料库语言学 、修辞学 、语用学 、认知语言学 、语言哲学 、 英汉对比语言学 、 语言学概论 语言学理论流派 流派漫谈：刘润清 认知语言学（附件） 第二语言习得（附件） 语料库语言学（附件）
2020/10/1
Or maybe the reason is in fact simple: human beings are always curious in seeking what they don’t know. Consider: What are taken for granted in our course of language use without realizing its wonder?
The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.
As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.
tea 和 sea, /t/和/s/是两个不同的音位morpheme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme(音位)
2020/10/1
Contents
名词解释；学术流派对比评论；理论解释某语言现象 语料库语言学 、修辞学 、语用学 、认知语言学 、语言哲学 、 英汉对比语言学 、 语言学概论 语言学理论流派 流派漫谈：刘润清 认知语言学（附件） 第二语言习得（附件） 语料库语言学（附件）
2020/10/1
Or maybe the reason is in fact simple: human beings are always curious in seeking what they don’t know. Consider: What are taken for granted in our course of language use without realizing its wonder?
The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.
As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.
tea 和 sea, /t/和/s/是两个不同的音位morpheme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme(音位)
英语词语重音教学实用方法PPT课件
• In connected speech, high pitch may be downstepped if the word does not present important information.
• The long duration of English stressed vowels is unfamiliar to Chinese EFL learners, and therefore, needs special attention.
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Specific Features of Word Stress
• Primary Stress
• Vowels with primary stress are longer and louder than unstressed vowels.
• In citation form, the stressed vowel is also pronounced on a higher pitch,
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4. Student Problems with Word Stress
• Two general difficulties
• How different levels of word stress are realized in English
• Which syllable to stress in a word
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Secondary/minor stress
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• Stressed and unstressed syllables can be distinguished by differences in length, pitch, loudness, or vowel quality. English makes use of all these distinctions.
最新英语单词的重读规则ppt课件
teacher ['ti:tʃə] useful ['ju:sful]
English
['iŋɡliʃ] active ['æktiv] literature ['litərətʃə]
doctor [dɔktə]
• 3、含有词尾-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-eous,-ious,-
ion,ish,-it,-ual,uous的单词，一般将重读音
• 2、含有后缀self/selves和形容词作物主代 词的双音节复合词，重音也落在第二个音 节上。如：myself [mai'self] yourself [jɔ:'self, juə-, jə-] ourselves [,auə'selvz, ,ɑ:-] yourselves [jɔ:'selvz, juə-, jə-]
[,emplɔi'i:, em'plɔii:] engineer
[,endʒi'niə] technique [tek'ni:k] balloon
[bə'lu:n]
• 2、含有词尾-al,-el, -er,-or,-ful,-ish,-tive, -
ture的单词通常将重音推到第一个音节上。
如：metal ['metəl] model ['mɔdəl]
THA手术适应症
10、特殊疾病
肾病性 血友病 系统性红斑狼疮
所致的髋关节疾病
THA手术禁忌症
1、老年病人有心、肺、肾、脑等重 要脏器严重疾病不能耐受大手术者
大于80岁老年人宜慎重考虑，不宜仓 促贸然施行全髋置换术。
THA手术禁忌症
2、髋部有化脓感染，或身体其 它部位，如：泌尿系统rial [in'dʌstriəl] technician [tek'niʃən]
英语句子的重音(课堂PPT)
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4. 连接词 单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词 both … and neither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读 He 'came and 'spoke to us. I 'saw it but 'didn’t 'read it. 'Let’s 'run or we’ll be 'late. 'That 'takes both 'time and 'energy. Neither 'you nor 'I can 'solve the 'm. I sug'gest that we 'give 'up the 'plan. He was 'angry with me because I was 'late. The pro'fessor was 'busy 'writing when I 'went to 'see him.
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5. 介词 单音节介词一般都不重读 'All but 'one of the 'family are at 'home. 'How 'far is it from 'Paris to 'London? 'What are you 'looking at? 'That’s what I was 'thinking of.
但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的 感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高 Ah ''no! Oh ''well! Oh ''dear!
4. 连接词 单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词 both … and neither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读 He 'came and 'spoke to us. I 'saw it but 'didn’t 'read it. 'Let’s 'run or we’ll be 'late. 'That 'takes both 'time and 'energy. Neither 'you nor 'I can 'solve the 'm. I sug'gest that we 'give 'up the 'plan. He was 'angry with me because I was 'late. The pro'fessor was 'busy 'writing when I 'went to 'see him.
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5. 介词 单音节介词一般都不重读 'All but 'one of the 'family are at 'home. 'How 'far is it from 'Paris to 'London? 'What are you 'looking at? 'That’s what I was 'thinking of.
但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的 感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高 Ah ''no! Oh ''well! Oh ''dear!
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We "heard Mary singing upstairs.
(But we didn't see her.)
We heard "Mary singing upstairs.
(But we didn't hear John.)
We heard Mary "singing upstairs.
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Usually not stressed
Articles（冠词） Person pronouns（人称代词） Auxiliary verbs （助动词） Prepositions（介词） Conjunctions（连词）
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To give special emphasis to a sentence that is usually unstressed can be stressed.
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The combinations of –ing forms and nouns 复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上,而次重音在第
二个构成成分上。
这一点可以帮助我们用来区分两种-ing的形式,一种是 作为名词前修饰语的-ing形式,另一种是作为复合词的 前一部分。如running dog 重音在running上,表示“走 狗”这一-ing形式+名词的复合词。如重音在dog上,则 表示running用来修饰dog,意为“还在跑的狗”。
1、word stress
2、sentence stress
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Word stress
The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged.
如:contract , abstract , permit 这三个词的重音都放在第 一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要， 许可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时， 则变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。
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The noun and the verb: The noun has the stress on the first syllable (音节) . The verb has the stress on the second syllable.
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Thank you
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For example: 'import(n.) ---im’port (v.) ‘increase(n.)---in’crease(v.)
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A compound noun and a phrase
由两个或两个以上的单词构成，能表达一个新意思的 词叫复合词。如：good-hearted(好心的), baby-sit(临 时照料小孩)等。
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Normally stressed in an English sentence：
Noun Main verb Adjective Adverbs Numerals（数词） Demonstrative pronouns（指示代词）
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Examples
An elephant is an animal. Her shirt is blue and white. John is nine. My second brother is a doctor. Mary loves her dolls. speaks English slowly and carefully.
语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象，根据说话时的 不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的 语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原 来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。
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Example
We 'heard 'Mary 'singing ˋupstairs.
(plain statement of fact)
1.复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上。如：handbag
2.复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：ill-treat /ill‘tri:t/ 虐待 。
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3.复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。 如：green-eyed /gri:n'aid/ 嫉妒的 ;
4.反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如： myself /mai'self/ 我自己 ;
(But we didn't hear Mary talking.)
We heard Mary singing "upstairs.
(But we didn't hear Mary singing downstairs.)
"We heard Mary singing upstairs.
(Not they heard.)
Stress
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refers to relative emphasis or prominence （突出） given to a syllable（音节） in a word, or to a word in a phrase or sentence
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Two kinds of stress：
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Sentence stress
Sentence stress efers to the relative force given to the components of a sentence.
It can help you to understand spoken English, even rapid spoken English.