中国医科大学病理学英文课件9教案资料
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医学课件《病理学》精品课程授课课件全篇
分子病理学研究
利用分子生物学技术，研究疾病在分 子水平上的变化，如基因突变、蛋白 质组学等。
02
疾病的基本病理过程
细胞和组织的适应与损伤
适应
损伤
细胞和组织对于内、外环境中的持续性刺 激和各种有害因子产生的非损伤性应答反 应。
细胞水肿
细胞和组织对于各种有害因子产生的非适 应性和损伤性应答反应。
脂肪变性
• 病理学检查在临床诊断中的价值与局限性
病理学诊断方法 临床病理诊断的步骤和注意事项
01
价值
02
对肿瘤等疾病的诊断具有决定 性意义，提供准确的病理分型 和分期信息。
03
对某些疾病具有特异性诊断价 值，如结核、真菌感染等。
病理学诊断方法 临床病理诊断的步骤和注意事项
• 为临床治疗提供指导，如手术范围、放化疗方案等。
泌尿系统感染
由于细菌等微生物感染引起的尿道、膀胱和肾 盂等泌尿系统的炎症。
肾衰竭
由于各种原因引起的肾功能丧失，包括急性肾衰竭和慢性肾衰竭等。
神经系统病理
脑梗塞
由于脑血管阻塞引起的脑缺血坏死，包括脑血栓形成和脑栓 塞等。
帕金森病
以黑质多巴胺能神经元显著变性丢失、纹状体多巴胺能通路 变性为特征的疾病。
组织病理学研究一直是病理学研究的 基础，近年来在组织样本库建设、免 疫组织化学技术应用等方面取得了重 要突破。
要点三
临床病理学研究
随着临床诊疗技术的不断发展，临床 病理学在疾病诊断、治疗及预后判断 等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，如 对肿瘤患者的个体化治疗。
病理学研究的热点问题
肿瘤病理学研究
心血管病理学研究
细胞损伤时，线粒体受损，ATP生成减少， 细胞膜钠泵功能障碍，导致细胞内钠离子 和水过多积聚，形成细胞水肿。
病理学英文课件：Acute and Chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation is the immediate and early response to injury designed to deliver fluid and leukocytes to sites of injury Phases of acute inflammation Initiation Amplification Termination Core events in acute inflammation Vascular reaction Fluid and cellular exudation
Overview of Inflammation
Inflammation is divided into acute and chronic patterns
Acute inflammation is rapid in onset (seconds or minutes) and is of relatively short duration, lasting for minutes, several hours, or a few days; its main characteristics are the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (edema) and the emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
-- pain, edema, cell injury
Erysipelas of the face Spreading acute inflammation of the dermis and subcutis due to infection by streptococcus pyogenes
Overview of Inflammation
Inflammation is divided into acute and chronic patterns
Acute inflammation is rapid in onset (seconds or minutes) and is of relatively short duration, lasting for minutes, several hours, or a few days; its main characteristics are the exudation of fluid and plasma proteins (edema) and the emigration of leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils
-- pain, edema, cell injury
Erysipelas of the face Spreading acute inflammation of the dermis and subcutis due to infection by streptococcus pyogenes
病理学(英文)全套课件
department of pathology
immunopathology—
the study of disease through analysis of immune function
department of pathology
total of to say, Pathology: • clinical pathology --diagnosis of disease • experimental pathology --animal models • molecular pathology --gene and gene product
department of pathology
Clinical pathology
department of pathology
The animal experiments
department of pathology
Pathology?
is the scientific study of disease
the metabolism the functional the morphological
changes
occur during the course of the disease
Pathology
（第六版教材-第四版课件）
课件目录
Introduction pathology
department of pathology
to
disease?
• disease can be define as any condition • that the presence of an abnormality of the body cause a loss of normal health
immunopathology—
the study of disease through analysis of immune function
department of pathology
total of to say, Pathology: • clinical pathology --diagnosis of disease • experimental pathology --animal models • molecular pathology --gene and gene product
department of pathology
Clinical pathology
department of pathology
The animal experiments
department of pathology
Pathology?
is the scientific study of disease
the metabolism the functional the morphological
changes
occur during the course of the disease
Pathology
（第六版教材-第四版课件）
课件目录
Introduction pathology
department of pathology
to
disease?
• disease can be define as any condition • that the presence of an abnormality of the body cause a loss of normal health
《病理学》英文课件：09 Diseases of Immunity
4. Variant clinical manifestation: Acute or insidious onset that may involve virtually any organ in the body, affects principally the skin, kidneys, serosal membranes, joints, and heart
1. Transplant Rejection 2. Hyperactive immunity：
Diseases of Autoimmunity systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3. Immunodeficiency: Immunodeficiency syndrom acquired Immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS)
5. A fairly common disease, a strong (approximately 9 : 1) female preponderance, affecting 1 in 700 women of childbearing age.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
3. Immunologic Factors Intrinsic B-cell hyperactivity was considered a central feature of SLE pathogenesis.
Mostly type III hypersensitivity reaction
Morphology
Diseases of Immunity
（免疫性疾病）
朱荣
Office ：Rm. 207, East No.1 Building E-mail: zhurongss@
1. Transplant Rejection 2. Hyperactive immunity：
Diseases of Autoimmunity systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3. Immunodeficiency: Immunodeficiency syndrom acquired Immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS)
5. A fairly common disease, a strong (approximately 9 : 1) female preponderance, affecting 1 in 700 women of childbearing age.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
3. Immunologic Factors Intrinsic B-cell hyperactivity was considered a central feature of SLE pathogenesis.
Mostly type III hypersensitivity reaction
Morphology
Diseases of Immunity
（免疫性疾病）
朱荣
Office ：Rm. 207, East No.1 Building E-mail: zhurongss@
病理学英文课件：Regeneration and Repair
proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
The Clinic Significance of Regeneration and Repair
Lack of Regeneration and Repair Extra Regeneration and Repair Improper Regeneration and Repair
Complete regeneration Incomplete regeneration
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
REGENERATION
Control of Cell Growth Molecular events in cell growth Extracellular matrix and Cell-Matrix interactions
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
2. general factors retarding the processes of healing
(1)aging (2)poor nutrition (3)diseases (diabetes) (4)endocrine factors: adrenal corticosteroid hormone inhibits
8-YSC-BLOCK I
Summary briefly
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
1. 5 points for every conception we have learnt today:
Definition Etiology Pathogenesis Morphology Clinic-pathology relationship
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
The Clinic Significance of Regeneration and Repair
Lack of Regeneration and Repair Extra Regeneration and Repair Improper Regeneration and Repair
Complete regeneration Incomplete regeneration
8-YSC-BLOCK I
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
REGENERATION
Control of Cell Growth Molecular events in cell growth Extracellular matrix and Cell-Matrix interactions
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
2. general factors retarding the processes of healing
(1)aging (2)poor nutrition (3)diseases (diabetes) (4)endocrine factors: adrenal corticosteroid hormone inhibits
8-YSC-BLOCK I
Summary briefly
BASIC MEDICINE I-ZR
1. 5 points for every conception we have learnt today:
Definition Etiology Pathogenesis Morphology Clinic-pathology relationship
中国医科大学病理学英文课件8
8.腺上皮可形成哪几种类型的恶性肿瘤，并简述各自 的形态特点？
9.试述转移瘤的形成过程及其形态特点？ 10.举例说明为什么说良恶性肿瘤的区别是相对的？
B lymphoma of stomach
8.3 Internal factors and its mechanism
8.3.1 Inherited predisposition to carcinogens 1. Inherited cancer syndrome (Autosomal dominant)
promote normal cell growth and differentiation, exist in normal cells, in the form of inactivity. (2) Oncogene: derived from protooncogene
promote abnormal growth .
1.Telomeres shorting is believed to be a clock that counts cell division, is a tumorsuppressive mechanism.
2.Telomerase: Sustain the function of telomeres Absent from most somatic cell Increased activity of it tumor
Familial retinoblastoma 2. Autosomal recessive syndromes:
Bloom syndrome, fanconi anemia 3. Familial cancer: breast,ovary,colon
8.3.2 Tumor immunity
9.试述转移瘤的形成过程及其形态特点？ 10.举例说明为什么说良恶性肿瘤的区别是相对的？
B lymphoma of stomach
8.3 Internal factors and its mechanism
8.3.1 Inherited predisposition to carcinogens 1. Inherited cancer syndrome (Autosomal dominant)
promote normal cell growth and differentiation, exist in normal cells, in the form of inactivity. (2) Oncogene: derived from protooncogene
promote abnormal growth .
1.Telomeres shorting is believed to be a clock that counts cell division, is a tumorsuppressive mechanism.
2.Telomerase: Sustain the function of telomeres Absent from most somatic cell Increased activity of it tumor
Familial retinoblastoma 2. Autosomal recessive syndromes:
Bloom syndrome, fanconi anemia 3. Familial cancer: breast,ovary,colon
8.3.2 Tumor immunity
中国医科大学病理学英文课件(5)_OK
26
2. factors of affect fracture healing ⑴ correct reposition timely ⑵ firmly fixation timely ⑶ take exercise early, keep local
blood supply well.
27
2.Morphology: (1) Gross: red, soft, granular appearance (2) LM: cap + fibroblast + inflammatory cells
15
Granulation tissue
16
Granulation tissue
17
(二) Functions and results
3
2.Types
(1) Labile cells (continuously dividing C) ① Definition:
continue to proliferate replacing destroyed cells
aged cells
4
② Cell groups:
Stratified squamous cell : epidermis, oral cavity, vagina and cervix
foreign bodies 2. Results: GT→cap↓, cell↓, f↑→FT↑↑→ scar
18
二、Scar （一）Concept
granulation tissue →CT （二）Morphology
Gross：contract, pallor, semitransparent tough less elasticity.
2. factors of affect fracture healing ⑴ correct reposition timely ⑵ firmly fixation timely ⑶ take exercise early, keep local
blood supply well.
27
2.Morphology: (1) Gross: red, soft, granular appearance (2) LM: cap + fibroblast + inflammatory cells
15
Granulation tissue
16
Granulation tissue
17
(二) Functions and results
3
2.Types
(1) Labile cells (continuously dividing C) ① Definition:
continue to proliferate replacing destroyed cells
aged cells
4
② Cell groups:
Stratified squamous cell : epidermis, oral cavity, vagina and cervix
foreign bodies 2. Results: GT→cap↓, cell↓, f↑→FT↑↑→ scar
18
二、Scar （一）Concept
granulation tissue →CT （二）Morphology
Gross：contract, pallor, semitransparent tough less elasticity.
病理学 英文版ppt课件
Reperfusion
Neutrophil activation
ROS
Inflammatory Injury of mediators Micro-vessels
Cell injury
; No-reflow phenome2n5 on
Structural and Functional Changes
? Balloon angioplasty tachycardia
;
9
Mechanisms of Reperfusion Injury
↑Free radicals ↑Ca2+i
Neutrophil activation and Others
;
10
Free radical
Any atom or molecule possessing unpaired electrons
O2
;
Uric acid
14
Endothelial cell
Mechanism 3
Ischemia
Pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines)
Reperfusion
O2
NO
O2-
ONOO-
;
15
(Respiration burst)
Biochemical Impacts of ROS
;
incubation medium4
;
5
Ischemic Injury of Neurons
0 hr
1 hr
6
Injury Windows
Ischemia
Injury Death
Time
Reperfusion
Neutrophil activation
ROS
Inflammatory Injury of mediators Micro-vessels
Cell injury
; No-reflow phenome2n5 on
Structural and Functional Changes
? Balloon angioplasty tachycardia
;
9
Mechanisms of Reperfusion Injury
↑Free radicals ↑Ca2+i
Neutrophil activation and Others
;
10
Free radical
Any atom or molecule possessing unpaired electrons
O2
;
Uric acid
14
Endothelial cell
Mechanism 3
Ischemia
Pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines)
Reperfusion
O2
NO
O2-
ONOO-
;
15
(Respiration burst)
Biochemical Impacts of ROS
;
incubation medium4
;
5
Ischemic Injury of Neurons
0 hr
1 hr
6
Injury Windows
Ischemia
Injury Death
Time
Reperfusion
课件：医学英语L.9
医学论文英文摘要实例分析
总结词：重点
详细描述：医学论文英文摘要时国际医学交 流中的重要一环，其语言简练、准确，能够 让其他国家的医生快速了解论文的主要内容 。通过学习医学论文英文摘要的写作和阅读 ，学生可以提高医学英语写作水平，更好地
进行国际交流。
THANKS
感谢观看
医学学术期刊
医学英语是国际医学学术期刊的通用语言，用于发表和传播研究成果、新进 展等。
医学文献检索与阅读
医学数据库
利用英语检索医学数据库，可以获取大量的医学文献资料。
医学文献阅读
医学英语是医学文献的主要语言，阅读英文医学文献需要具备一定的医学英语水 平。
医学英语翻译技巧
医学英语词汇
医学英语拥有大量的专业词汇和术语，翻译时需要准确把握 词汇的含义和用法。
医学文献检索实例分析
总结词：实用性
详细描述：医学文献检索是医学生学习和工作中必须掌握的 一项技能。通过学习医学文献检索，学生可以了解如何查找 和筛选相关的医学资料，同时还可以掌握一些常用的医学数 据库和检索工具。
医学英语翻译实例分析
总结词：难点
详细描述：医学英语翻译是医学生学习英语的一大难点，主要是因为医学术语较 为复杂，翻译时需要考虑语境和文化的因素。通过分析医学英语翻译实例，学生 可以更好地掌握医学术语的翻译技巧，提高英语应用能力。
03
提高医学英语水平的建议和方法
培养医学英语阅读和写作的兴 趣
注重医学英语词汇的积累和应 用
学习医学英语的相关课程和资 料
与同行和专家进行交流和讨论
05
医学英语的实例分析
医学学术论文实例分析
总结词：典型性
详细描述：医学学术论文是医学领域中最为典型的一种文献，其语言风格较为正 式、专业，包含大量的专业术语和缩写。通过分析医学学术论文，学生可以更好 地了解医学英语的用词、语法和表达方式。
最新病理生理学9课件-PPT文档
(+)
Caspase-9
(+)
Caspase-3
Caspase
(-)
inhibitor
Endonuclease (ina)
(+)
AIF
(+)
Endonuclease (a)
Proteolysis
APOPTOSIS DNA
Fragmentation
细胞凋亡与疾病
正常机体细胞生长与死亡的平衡
生长
正常机体
坏死、凋亡
凋亡相对不足
肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、 病毒感染等
肿瘤
肿瘤的重要发病机制: 细胞增殖过度 细胞凋亡受抑、死亡不足
病变组织内细胞存活>死亡, 肿瘤细胞数目的净增长加大 可能机制：Bcl-2高表达、P53基因突变 从发病学上，细胞凋亡实际是机体天然的抗癌机制之一
细胞凋亡过度
神经退行性疾病、造血衰竭 性疾病、
溶酶体破裂，局部炎症反应 溶酶体相对完整，局部无炎症
反应
无
有
无
有
细胞凋亡的生理意义
1、 确保正常发育、生长
如：指（趾）间隙的形成
2、 维持内环境稳定
如：清除受损、突变或衰老的细胞
3、 防御功能
如：使受到病毒感染的细胞凋亡
细胞凋亡时的主要变化
凋亡细胞的形态学改变
早期：胞浆脱水，胞膜空泡化，细胞固缩 晚期：染色质边集，凋亡小体 最后：被附近的巨噬细胞吞噬消化
半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂
细胞凋亡的相关调控基因
✓ 抑制凋亡基因：Bcl-2、EIB、IAP ✓促进凋亡基因: Fas 、Bax、P53、ICE ✓双向调控基因: c-myc、Bcl-x
Bcl-2 B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2基因
医学课件《病理学》精品课程授课课件全篇
遗传病理学研究进展包括基因编辑技术如CRISPR-Cas9的应用，以及基因治疗和 基因组编辑在遗传病治疗领域的前景展望。
肿瘤病理学的研究进展
肿瘤病理学研究涉及肿瘤发生发展过程中的分子机制和细胞 生物学特性，为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供理论支持。
肿瘤病理学研究进展包括新型分子标记物、基因治疗和免疫 疗法在肿瘤治疗领域的应用，以及肿瘤干细胞和微环境在肿 瘤复发和转移中的作用。
阑尾炎
急性阑尾炎、慢性阑尾炎。
肝炎
急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝硬化。
胰腺炎
急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎。
循环系统病理学
心力衰竭
左心衰竭、右心衰竭、全心衰竭。
心律失常
心动过速、心动过缓、心律不齐。
动脉粥样硬化
动脉粥样硬化形成原因、危险因素 和危害。
心绞痛
心绞痛类型、临床表现、诊断和治 疗。
泌尿系统病理学
肾小球肾炎
医学课件《病理学》精品课 程授课课件全篇
xx年xx月xx日
contents
目录
• 病理学概述 • 病理学基础知识 • 病理学基本技能 • 各系统病理学 • 病理学前沿进展 • 病理学与临床医学的关系
01
病理学概述
病理学的定义与任务
病理学定义
病理学是研究疾病发生、发展和转化规律，以及机体在疾病 过程中的功能、代谢、形态结构、病理生理和病理病因等变 化的学科。
06
病理学与临床医学的关系
病理学在医学诊断中的应用
病理学在医学诊断中具有重要地位，通过对患者症状、体 征及实验室检查等信息的收集、整理和分析，为临床医生 提供诊断依据。
病理学诊断已成为许多疾病的首选诊断方法，如肿瘤、炎 症、代谢性疾病等，为早期发现、早期治疗提供了有力支 持。
肿瘤病理学的研究进展
肿瘤病理学研究涉及肿瘤发生发展过程中的分子机制和细胞 生物学特性，为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供理论支持。
肿瘤病理学研究进展包括新型分子标记物、基因治疗和免疫 疗法在肿瘤治疗领域的应用，以及肿瘤干细胞和微环境在肿 瘤复发和转移中的作用。
阑尾炎
急性阑尾炎、慢性阑尾炎。
肝炎
急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝硬化。
胰腺炎
急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎。
循环系统病理学
心力衰竭
左心衰竭、右心衰竭、全心衰竭。
心律失常
心动过速、心动过缓、心律不齐。
动脉粥样硬化
动脉粥样硬化形成原因、危险因素 和危害。
心绞痛
心绞痛类型、临床表现、诊断和治 疗。
泌尿系统病理学
肾小球肾炎
医学课件《病理学》精品课 程授课课件全篇
xx年xx月xx日
contents
目录
• 病理学概述 • 病理学基础知识 • 病理学基本技能 • 各系统病理学 • 病理学前沿进展 • 病理学与临床医学的关系
01
病理学概述
病理学的定义与任务
病理学定义
病理学是研究疾病发生、发展和转化规律，以及机体在疾病 过程中的功能、代谢、形态结构、病理生理和病理病因等变 化的学科。
06
病理学与临床医学的关系
病理学在医学诊断中的应用
病理学在医学诊断中具有重要地位，通过对患者症状、体 征及实验室检查等信息的收集、整理和分析，为临床医生 提供诊断依据。
病理学诊断已成为许多疾病的首选诊断方法，如肿瘤、炎 症、代谢性疾病等，为早期发现、早期治疗提供了有力支 持。
《病理学》英文课件 09 Genital System
Chronic Cervicitis
Chronic Cervicitis
疱疹病毒
乳酸杆菌
Squamous metaplasia at the transition zone. Mature squamous epithelium is seen to the right of the arrow, and squamous metaplasia is seen to the left. In squamous metaplasia, theቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱnuclei may be larger and more immature appearing and the cytoplasm more dense.
CINⅠ: Mild dysplasia CINⅡ: Moderate dysplasia CIN Ⅲ: Severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
* begin as lower grade CIN and progress to higher-grade or begin as high-grade CIN * only a fraction of cases progress to invasive carcinoma
The diseases of Genital System
(生殖系统疾病）
曾文姣
Pathology Department, Basic Medical collage, Fudan University
2015 Jun
Female Genital System
Male Genital System
Normal cervix
Schematic of the development of the cervical transformation zone
中国医科大学病理生理学第九版课件04 第四章 酸碱平衡和酸碱平衡紊乱
动脉血
死亡 7.8
病理生理学（第9版）
（二）酸碱平衡紊乱（acid-base disturbance）
因酸碱负荷过度、不足或（和）调节机制障碍导致体液 酸碱度稳定性失衡的病理过程
目录
第一节 酸碱的概念及酸碱物质的来源 第二节 酸碱平衡的调节 第三节 酸碱平衡紊乱的类型及常用指标 第四节 单纯型酸碱平衡紊乱 第五节 混合型酸碱平衡紊乱 第六节 判断酸碱平衡紊乱的方法及其病理生理基础
呼吸代偿
细胞内缓冲
肾代偿
中和H+
PaCO2 ↓
胞外H+与细 胞内K+交换
即刻反应
几分钟
2~4小时
机体对代谢性酸中毒的代偿反应
排H+↑ 保碱
3~5天
病理生理学（第9版）
代谢性酸中毒的血气分析参数
pH↓[HCO3- ]↓AB ↓ SB↓ BB↓BE-↑
继发性PaCO2↓ AB＜SB
病理生理学（第9版）
概念：血液中一切具有缓冲作用的阴离子总量 正常值：48 mmol/L 意义：原发性↓—代酸
原发性↑—代碱
病理生理学（第9版）
（五）碱剩余（base excess ， BE）
概念： 标准条件下，将1L全血或血浆滴定到 pH 7.4所 需的酸或碱的量
正常值：0±3 mmol/L 意义： BE正值增大－代碱
pH↑失代偿性碱中毒
pH正常
无酸碱平衡紊乱 代偿性酸碱平衡紊乱 酸碱中毒并存相互抵消
病理生理学（第9版）
（二）动脉血CO2分压（partial pressure of carbon dioxide ， PaCO2）
概念： 物理溶解在动脉血浆中的CO2分子所产生的张力 正常值： PaCO2 =5.32kPa（40mmHg），[H2CO3]=40 ×
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2020/5/14
Tumor (neoplasm):
under the stimulation of tumorgenic agents a single cell of local tissue loss the controlling to its growth at the gene level excessive proliferation to form
2020/n5/14eoplasm
Distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic hyperplasia
Neoplastic
Monoclonality Abnormal morphology
and function Abnormal differentiation
But many problems still need to be solved!
2020/5/14
Section 1. Definition and morphology
Two question:
• What is tumor?
Definition
• What are tumors look like? Morphology
differentiation Persistent, autonomous Harmful
2020/5/14
Non-neoplastic
Polyclonality Normal morphology
and function Matured
Limited Beneficial
※Morphology and structure
2020/5/14
※Definition
• Neoplasia literally means the process of “new growth” and a new growth is called a neoplasm.
• tumor was originally applied to the swelling caused by inflammation.
2020/5/14
检查结果
1.左股骨下端X线正位像： 左股骨下端占位病变， 骨皮质破坏,骨膜反应。
2.胸部X线正侧位像： 未见明显异常
2020/5/14
临床诊断：恶性骨肿瘤？ 活检病理诊断：骨肉瘤
2020/5/14
思考题
1.什么是肿瘤？具有哪些特性？ 2.肿瘤有哪些种类、各自特点？ 3.肿瘤生物学行为如何？对机体有何影响
➢Macropathology: The gross appearance of tumors is
varied, reflecting the nature of the tumor to some rapid progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis and biological behavior of cancer and cancer therapy. Many cancers can be cure or arrested. For example: breast cancer, cervical cancer
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
2020/5/14
Xu HT
病例
ＸＸＸ，女，21岁 主诉：近半年左下肢膝关节附近疼痛，活动后
加重，一个月前发现左股骨下端局部隆 起，逐渐长大，疼痛难忍，来诊。 查体：左股骨下端局部肿物，压痛（＋） 处置：1. 左股骨下端X线正侧位像
2. 胸部X线正侧位像 3. 左股骨下端肿物穿刺活检
？ 4.肿瘤的结局如何？ 5.肿瘤是如何发生发展的？如何防治？
2020/5/14
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
Tumors is common diseases. Bad news: Malignant tumor (cancer) is the
second leading cause of death in some countries. (The first leading cause is cardiovascular diseases.) According to American Cancer Society estimates, in 2003, about 23% of all deaths in the United States (1500 cancer deaths per day).
• A more scientific difinition: “Neoplasia is genetic disease, in which the growth of tumors is loss of responsiveness to normal growth control, and shows an excessive hyperplasia with abnormal differentiation.”
• Oncology is the study of tumors or neoplasms.
• Cancer is the common term for all malignant tumors.
2020/5/14
Neoplasia
• In 1953, The eminent British oncologist Willis had given neoplasia a famous definition: “A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change.”
Tumor (neoplasm):
under the stimulation of tumorgenic agents a single cell of local tissue loss the controlling to its growth at the gene level excessive proliferation to form
2020/n5/14eoplasm
Distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic hyperplasia
Neoplastic
Monoclonality Abnormal morphology
and function Abnormal differentiation
But many problems still need to be solved!
2020/5/14
Section 1. Definition and morphology
Two question:
• What is tumor?
Definition
• What are tumors look like? Morphology
differentiation Persistent, autonomous Harmful
2020/5/14
Non-neoplastic
Polyclonality Normal morphology
and function Matured
Limited Beneficial
※Morphology and structure
2020/5/14
※Definition
• Neoplasia literally means the process of “new growth” and a new growth is called a neoplasm.
• tumor was originally applied to the swelling caused by inflammation.
2020/5/14
检查结果
1.左股骨下端X线正位像： 左股骨下端占位病变， 骨皮质破坏,骨膜反应。
2.胸部X线正侧位像： 未见明显异常
2020/5/14
临床诊断：恶性骨肿瘤？ 活检病理诊断：骨肉瘤
2020/5/14
思考题
1.什么是肿瘤？具有哪些特性？ 2.肿瘤有哪些种类、各自特点？ 3.肿瘤生物学行为如何？对机体有何影响
➢Macropathology: The gross appearance of tumors is
varied, reflecting the nature of the tumor to some rapid progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis and biological behavior of cancer and cancer therapy. Many cancers can be cure or arrested. For example: breast cancer, cervical cancer
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
2020/5/14
Xu HT
病例
ＸＸＸ，女，21岁 主诉：近半年左下肢膝关节附近疼痛，活动后
加重，一个月前发现左股骨下端局部隆 起，逐渐长大，疼痛难忍，来诊。 查体：左股骨下端局部肿物，压痛（＋） 处置：1. 左股骨下端X线正侧位像
2. 胸部X线正侧位像 3. 左股骨下端肿物穿刺活检
？ 4.肿瘤的结局如何？ 5.肿瘤是如何发生发展的？如何防治？
2020/5/14
Chapter 5. Neoplasia
Tumors is common diseases. Bad news: Malignant tumor (cancer) is the
second leading cause of death in some countries. (The first leading cause is cardiovascular diseases.) According to American Cancer Society estimates, in 2003, about 23% of all deaths in the United States (1500 cancer deaths per day).
• A more scientific difinition: “Neoplasia is genetic disease, in which the growth of tumors is loss of responsiveness to normal growth control, and shows an excessive hyperplasia with abnormal differentiation.”
• Oncology is the study of tumors or neoplasms.
• Cancer is the common term for all malignant tumors.
2020/5/14
Neoplasia
• In 1953, The eminent British oncologist Willis had given neoplasia a famous definition: “A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change.”