应用文课堂笔记

?应用文课堂笔记_闲云野鹤_新浪博客
Part I 书信体作文
书信一般可分为私人信件和公事信件。私人信件的格式和语气比较随意，而公事信件则较为正式。公事信函应符合以下三大基本要求：
1． 简洁：书信的语言贵在于精，要用最简洁的语言表现尽可能丰富的内容。做到“文约而事丰，言简而意赅”。
2． 清晰：要写清楚信件内容以免看信人发生误会。所以写前要先考虑好先写什么后写什么，用简洁的语言清楚的表述内容。
3． 礼貌：注意言语得体，措辞诚恳，礼貌。
公事信函写作步骤：
1. 礼貌的称呼语
2. 寒暄语句，并引出写信的目的
寒暄句+主题句（有时两句可合二为一）
3．根据提纲扩展主体段落
主题句+扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3
4．表明自己观点，并结束书信主体段落
结尾句
5．寒暄句+落款
咨询信：
咨询信一般结构如下：
开头：自我介绍，表明写作目的
正文：提出咨询内容
结尾：真诚的表示感谢
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am organizing a group of high school students to pay a visit to your museum.
This visit will be part of our school’s extracurricular
activities.（交代写信的情景）Therefore, I would very much appreciated if you could supply
me with the following information.（表明写作意图）
First of all, is your museum open on weekends as well as on weekdays, and what
are the opening hours?（问题一） Secondly, what will be the theme of your exhibition
the week after the next and what objects will be on display then? （问题二） Thirdly,
I would like to know if students are allowed to touch or even operate on the
items on display. （问题三） Fourthly, I would also like to inquire if there is any
discount available on entrance ticket for high school students. （问题四）
I look forward to your reply. （表示急需信息的迫切心情）Thank you very much. （表示谢意）
Yours sincerely,
_______________
常用句型：
说明写作目的的常用句型：
I would be grateful/appreciate it if you could supply/provide me with the
following information.
I am anxious to obtain/urgently in need of information about…
Would you be kind enough/so kind as to send me some information about…?
Could you please supply/provide me with some information about…?
I am writing to inquire about (the details of)…
提出问题的常用句型：
I would like to know/ask/inquire if…
I need to know/wonder if …
I need to have more information about…
I would be interested to know if…
表示感谢的常用句型：
I would (very much) appreciate it/be (most) grateful if you could…
Thank you (very much) for your…
Your… would be (very much) appreciated.
表示盼望回复的常用句型：
I look/Looking forward to your early reply/hearing from you s

oon.
I would appreciate your early reply/ response.
Your early reply/response will be appreciated.
投诉信：
投诉信的写信目的不仅是表示不满，还要让对方了解你所遭遇的问题并要求对方做出相应的赔偿，所以写信时应注意：
1． 语气坚决，但措辞礼貌
2． 反映的问题明确，具体
3． 实事求是的叙述所反映的问题给自己带来的不便。
4． 提出合理的解决方案
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about the quality of your service and the damage that
has been done to my luggage. （表明写作意图） I have recently returned home after taking
your flight from Tokyo. （简介情况）
Despite the fact that the flight was delayed for over five hours, no
explanation was given by your representatives. I believe that other airlines
normally do this. （投诉理由一）Then, on arriving in Shanghai, I found that I had
missed the last train back home and was forced to stay in a hotel. （投诉理由二） In
addition, my suitcase had been so badly damaged that it was beyond repair.
（投诉理由三）The cost of the hotel accommodation and replacing my bag comes to
approximately ￥800. （后果）
I would therefore like to ask for compensation for these items. （提出解决方案） I look
forward to hearing from you shortly. （表明希望得到答案的态度）
Yours faithfully,
_______________
Dear Sir or Madam,
September 23, 2003, I purchased a Speedo Vacuum Cleaner (Model 3501) from the
Happymart Supermarket. （简介情况） Unfortunately, I have had problems with both the
product and the service I have received. （表明写信意图）Specifically, I have the
following complaints. （导出投诉理由）
First, the vacuum doesn’t work effectively to pick up dirt. Even after I have
gone over the same area several times, the dirt remains. （理由一） Second, when I
went back to the supermarket, I was told that I could not exchange or return it.
（理由二） I was also treated rudely by the salesman, Sun Ming, and the manager, Li
Yan. （理由三）
I am requesting that you provide me with a new vacuum cleaner. （解决办法一） I also
ask that Sun Ming and Li Yan apologize for their rude behavior. （解决办法二）
I can be reached at 135******** between 8 am and 9 am. （提供联系方式）May I get your
reply before October 10. （表明希望得到答案的态度）
Yours faithfully,
_______________
常用句型：
说明写信意图的常用句型：
I have had problems with…
I am writing to inform you that/complain about/make a complaint about
I am very dissatisfied /unhappy with…
I regret to say that… has/have seriously affected…
I find it dishonest and unacceptable that your company/store…
提出解决办法的常用句型：
I hope that/would be grateful if/would appreciate it if you could… and make the
appro

priate correction.
I would appreciate any measures you could take to…
I would like to ask to…
We ask you to refund the cost of …
We expect to be compensated for…
We claim a refund of … because… was not up to the promised standard.
I believe/trust/hope that you will take immediate steps to rectify the
situation.
I am sure you will agree that the only solution is…
道歉信：
Dear Maggie,
I am writing to apologize for missing our appointment yesterday afternoon.
（表明写信意图） It was terribly rude of me not to tell you earlier that I could not
make it, especially as we’ve been such good friends and learned so much from
each other. （表明道歉的原因）
I remembered very well that Friday afternoon was the regular time for our
meeting. Unfortunately, I came down with a bad flu. Not only would my sore
throat prevent me from talking to you, but I was also afraid that I might pass
on the flu virus to you. （失约原因）I should have called to tell you, but the
medicine caused me to sleep through the afternoon. （未提前通知的原因）
Again, I am terribly sorry for my rudeness. （再次表示歉意）But I am sure that you
will understand. I want let you know that I value our friendship very much.
（恳请谅解）
To make up for my rudeness, I want to invite you to my apartment for dinner next
weekend. （补救办法）So please let me know your decision. （表示希望得到答复）
Yours faithfully,
_______________
常用句型：
说明写信意图的常用句型：
I am writing to tell/inform you that…
I am sorry/regret to tell/inform you that
I am writing to you because…
I am writing to apologize/make an apology for…
I am sorry to have…
It was terribly/awfully/completely rude/impolite/inconsiderate/thoughtless/
careless of me to …
信末再次表现歉意的常用句型：
Again, I apologize/am sorry for having caused you so much trouble/ inconvenience
(because of my carelessness).
Again, I apologize/am sorry for any trouble/problem/inconvenience my delay/
carelessness/thoughtlessness has caused.
Let me apologize for any trouble/problem/inconvenience that I have caused.
I hope that this has not caused you too much trouble/inconvenience.
恳求对方谅解或理解的常用句型：
I believe/trust/am sure/hope that you will understand …
I want to let you know that I very much value/appreciate our friendship/the
opportunity/our cooperation.
I assure you that the problem will nor arise again.
提出补救办法的常用句型：
Do you think that it would be possible for me to …?
If there is anything I can do, please do not hesitate to let me know/ring
me/tell me/call me/inform me.
I would be grateful/appreciate it if you could allow me to …
I would be more than happy to…
I sincerely hope that we will have the chance to…
I am sure that you will agree that…
To make up for my r

ude/impolite/inconsiderate/thoughtless/careless behavior, I
want to…
申请/求职信：
Dear Ms. Harrison,
I am writing to apply for the job in reply to your advertisement in The 21st
Century for someone to proof-read translations from English to Japanese.
（写信意图及信息来源）
At present, I am a senior in the Department of Japanese Language at Beijing
Foreign Studies University. （目前身份）Since last year, I have been working part-time
for Mitsubishi, which involves me in daily use of Japanese and in translation
from Japanese to Chinese and vice versa. （工作经历） In addition, I have never given
up learning English as my second foreign language. I took the TOEFL last August
with the result of 660. （语言能力） I believe my qualifications and work experience
make me a perfect candidate for the job. （胜任职位的信心）
I would be able to take part-time work for between 9 and 12 hours per week.
（可能的工作方式） If you would like to meet me, I can be reached at 139********. （联系方式）I
look forward to meeting you soon. （企盼答复）
Yours faithfully,
_______________
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to apply for admission to your program for postgraduate studies.
Enclosed with this letter are my academic record, proof of my language ability
and my resume, which further details my qualifications. （提供个人详细资料）
Currently, I am a senior in the Department of Economics at Nanjing University.
（目前身份）For the past three years, my GPA has ranked top three in my college. （资历一）
Last year, my paper was admitted by one of the best journals in the field of
Economics and will be published next month. （资历二） My diligence and love for
challenges have earned me several awards for excellent students in our
university. （资历三） In addition, I have taken the TOEFL test and obtained a
satisfactory grade. （资历四）Therefore, I believe I will not have difficulty in
either academic studies or communication in your country. （总结）
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into serious
consideration. （对收信人的考虑表示感谢） Please contact me at your earliest convenience.
（期待答复）
Yours faithfully,
_______________
常用句型：
说明写信意图的常用句型：
I am writing to apply for admission to your
college/university/program/institute..
I am writing to express my interest in the position/opening/post/vacancy that
you recently advertised.
I am writing in reply to your advertisement in… for someone to…
Please consider my application for the position of … that you advertised in…
I have recently learned from… that you have openings/ are seeking a person to
fill the vacancy.
为收信人提供更详细信息的常用句型：
I have enclosed (details of ) … for your convenience.
Enclosed is my resu

me, which details my qualifications and work experience.
I will be available for an interview anytime.
If you would like to meet me, I would be able to come to your office shortly.
If further information is needed, please (do not hesitate to )let me know.
I am ready to provide you with any further information you may need.
表示自信的常用句型：
My qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate/the right
person for the position.
My personality is well suited to working as a …
I believe I can be of significance/value to your institute/company/corporation.
I am sure that you will find my service/performance satisfactory.
I am confident that I am qualified for…
期望得到考虑或答复的常用句型：
I would like to meet you to discuss the possibility of … at a mutually
convenient time.
Thank you for your time and consideration/taking my application into serious
consideration/your consideration of my application/considering my application.
Please contact me at your earliest convenience.
I look forward to hearing from you soon/shortly/in the near future.
求职信中可能用到的套话：
I can’t think of any job I’d like better than…
I look upon it as a wonderful opportunity
I enclose a letter of recommendation from
I look forward to hearing from you.
建议信：
Dear Xiao Wang,
You have asked me for advice concerning whether you should study English or
history. I will try to make some useful suggestions. （写信意图）
You must keep in mind that your university education is a preparation for your
future career. （提出建议） Therefore, your first consideration should be to major in
what will enable you to earn a living. There is no doubt that the English
language offers far wider career choices than history, especially in an age of
globalization. （建议一） However, it would not be sensible to study English only. It
is advisable to absorb as much knowledge outside your field as you can to meet
the ever-changing social needs. （建议二）
Generally, if you have a clear goal in mind, and make full use of the time at
college, you will make a successful student, and a successful professional after
your graduation. （总结建议） I hope these suggestions will be of help. And if I can
help you in any other way, please let me know. （表示愿意继续提供帮助）
YOurs ever,
Cheng Lin
Dear Xiao Wang,
In your last letter, you asked me for some advice in choosing your prospective
major. （表示相关性） I strongly recommend Department of Electronic Engineering of our
university. （提出建议）Firstly, as far as the major itself is concerned. It is one of
those fastest developing technological fields these days. （原因一） You know that
the two topics frequently talked about today are computer and large-scale
integrated circuits, and the technology of electronics plays an indispensable

part in the implementation of both. Secondly, this department of our university
enjoys a very good reputation in the academic world, where you can get a
first-class education. （原因二）
The fundamental qualifications are that you should be physically and mentally
healthy and you have to get an excellent performance in the National Entrance
Examinations, and the latter is quite demanding. （应具备的基本条件）
I think it’s rather unnecessary for me to offer you very specific suggestions
in attending such exams. （指明如何准备） You have already developed a capacity for
coping with fierce competitions. （原因） With your 1 percent of inspiration and 99
percent of perspiration, you will succeed. （总结建议）
Yours,
Liming
说明写信意图的常用句型：
I will try to make some helpful suggestions.
I hope the following information will help you to…/be helpful to you.
I am writing this letter to offer my proposals.
提出建议或忠告的常用句型：
You must keep in mind that…
Your first consideration should be to…
I would suggest/recommend that…
All evidence leads support to the view that…
… should take all necessary measures to…
感谢信：
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am scheduled to leave for home next Monday. Now I feel I can’t leave your
beautiful city without writing to express my heartfelt thanks for the cordial
hospitality you have shown me during my short stay here. （写作目的）
I took great interest in visiting your companies and I especially appreciated
the discussion you had taken all the trouble to arrange for me. What you have
achieved during the past few years has left me a very deep impression.（感谢理由）I
sincerely hope that the friendly cooperation which already so happily existed
between us will continue for many years to come. （提出期望）
With all my best wishes, （祝福语的套话）
Yours sincerely,
Annie
表示感谢的常用句型：
I hereby express heartfelt thanks to … for …
This is to thank you again for your wonderful hospitality
We acknowledge with gratitude your message of good wishes
I can never thank you enough for the favor you did
It is a great pleasure to have met you and I thank you again for your kind and
friendly reception
Please accept / I wish to express my sincere/grateful/profound appreciation
for…
Thank you so much for your generous hospitality.
You must give me the chance to return your kindness when you visit here.
Thank you for doing me a real favor.
私人信件：2001.6
Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours
who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday. You should write at least
100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出度假安排的建议
3. 提醒应注意的事项
Dear Xiao Wang,
I am very pleased to know

you’ll visit Hangzhou in October, and hope the
following information will be helpful to you.
First of all, since Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake, I think you’d like
to go boating there. While doing this, we’ll land on the islands on the lake to
enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. Second, if you’re interested in
climbing hills, I suggest you climb to the top of the North Peak or the Baoshi
Hill to have a bird’s-eye view of the Lake. Third, there are many places of
interest here to visit if you’d like to know more about the history of Hangzhou.
You can also find a nice place to buy silk here.
There are so many things to do here that I can’t tell you everything in
detail. So why don’t we discuss the holiday plan together after you arrive here?
By the way, the weather here can be very changeable in October. So, bring some
warm clothes just in case. I look forward to meeting you soon.
Yours,
Zhang Ying
Part II 告示
你是个大二的学生付芳，在暑假即将到来，打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国女性朋友，最好是大学生作为游伴（Travel-mate）。
1． 交代该启示的寻游伴目的；
2． 交代清楚具体的日程安排（井冈山，上海和苏杭）；
3． 说明对对方的要求以及对方和你一起出游的好处；
4． 留下联系方式。
Example:
Travel-mate Wanted
I'm a 19-year-old female sophomore named Fu Ping. I earnestly invite a foreign
young lady -college student preferred -to make a three-week trip with me as
summer vacation is approaching.
My plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins.
The first stop is Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural
beauty spot. After a 4-day visit there, we will board a downstream ship at a
nearby port city by the Changjiang River to Shanghai where the stay will be
about a week. As a famous Chinese saying goes, "Just as there is Paradise in
heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth ", so another week in these two
cities is necessary.
I only expect that my travel-mate could talk with me in fluent English during
the trip. At the same time, she would enjoy the beautiful scenes of China, and
learn much about the history of China as well. I would be an excellent guide for
her since I major in tourist guiding.
Those interested please contact me either through email (fuping@) or
phone call (52222221).
Part III 邀请函
邀请函一般比较简短，有关邀请的细节需要交代清楚。邀请函不论长短，一般都包括以下内容：
1． 向对方表示简短的寒暄或问候
2． 说明邀请对方参加什么活动以及邀请的原因。
3． 说明活动安排的细节
4． 如果有必要，请对方确认能否应邀。

Example:
Dear Ms. Gates,
We are having a party in our classroom, 503, to celebrate John’s birthday. Would
it be possible for you to join us on Friday, December 29, at 8 p.m.? we would be
happy if you could be with us.
Students of Class 4 Grade 93
综合性文体
Part I 叙事型作文
叙说事件的写作步骤：
1. 叙说事件的背景(交代主题)
主题句
2. 事件变化的过程
事件起因+经过+结果
3．对事件的分析
分析句1+分析句2+分析句3
Example:
An Incident that Influenced My Childhood
It was when my dad took me to my first major league baseball game that I
decided I wanted to be a major league baseball player.
The excitement began when we pulled into the parking lot of Veterans Stadium.
There were thousands of cars. As we walked from the car to the stadium, my dad
told me to hold on to his hand and not to let go no matter what happened. When
we gave the man our tickets and entered the stadium, I understood why. There
were mobs of people everywhere. They were walking around the stadium and
standing in long lines for hot dogs, beer and souvenirs. It was the most
wonderful thing I have ever seen. When we got to our seats, I looked down at the
tiny baseball diamond below and felt as if I were on top of the world. The
cheering of the crowd, the singing, and the chants were almost more than I could
stand. I was bursting with enthusiasm. Then, in the bottom of the eighth inning,
with the score tied and two outs, Mike Schmidt came up to bat and hit the
gaming-winning home run. The crowd went crazy. Everyone in the whole stadium was
standing, and I found myself yelling and screaming along with everyone else.
I slept the whole way home and dreamed of what it would be like to be the hero
of the game.
交代主题的常用句型：
It was… that…
… is the most exciting/wonderful/unusual/unforgettable/sorrowful moment that I
have ever experienced.
It was last Sunday evening/during the Christmas season/in the spring of 2002
One day/Last week/Yesterday, I narrowly escaped being drowned/killed/fined.
表示事情发生时间的常用句型：
I was on my way to … when…
I was taking a walk/listening to music/watching TV/about to leave when…
The event occurred/happened/took place in the early morning/when/the moment/ on
April12, 2002
表示作者感受的常用句型：
This is /was the most wonderful/exciting/beautiful/unforgettable scene that I
have ever experienced.
I was bursting with enthusiasm/excitement/joy/ecstasy
I was gripped by the desire to cry/scream/flee.
I felt frustrated facing such a task/problem/difficulty.
I felt as if I were on top of the world.
I was completely shocked
Part II人物或物体描写的写作步骤：
1. 简介介绍的对象
2．具体介绍描述对象的特点
3．概括总结
Example:
My Roommates
Joe, my roommate, is o

ne of the persons that I admire most. (简介介绍的对象)He comes
from Guangdong Porvince of China. He is a little short and thin, but he looks
quite smart. It’s not his appearance but his knowledge and spirit that appeal to
me. (承上启下)
Joe speaks fluent English and is quite eloquent. (特点一) I remember once he
chatted with an American about Christianity for nearly two hours. I was
surprised to find that he knows so much about Christianity although he has no
interest in any religion.
However, I don’t admire Joe simply because of his good English, but because of
his attitude towards life and studies. (特点二)We can’t call hem a workaholic but
at least we can say he is a work lover. As we know this summer was rather hot,
and the highest temperature in Zhejiang Province was above 40 degrees. In such
weather almost everyone would rather stay at home with air-conditioning on. But
can you imagine a boy riding a rusty bicycle on the street in the hot noon? “How
could you bear such heat?” I once asked. “But it’s a good chance to earn money
and it’s a valuable experience.” Joe answered.
He is always happy and optimistic. (特点三) He never buys any luxurious things
unless it’s necessary although his family is rich. He always points out that we
should depend on ourselves, not our parents.
Such is Joe – a unique person, who sticks to his own belief and lifestyle, and
a good example for me.
Part III地点或景物描写的写作步骤：
1. 简介介绍要描述的景物或点明主题
2．具体的细节描写
3. 概括并呼应主题
Example 1:
My Hometown
Five years ago, I went on vacation to St. Simons Island, my childhood
hometown. (简介介绍的对象) On this visit, I recaptured the feeling of being home.
(点明主题)
The giant oak trees are first welcoming sight. (景物一)They have stood there on
guard for generations. Their branches are dripping with moss, reaching out like
a canopy over the road.
Then I came to the read light which marks the center of town.(景物二)…
The pier looks, smells and feels the same as it did when I was a little
girl.(景物三)…
That week in St. Simons, I did go home again, relived my childhood and
discovered for my self that although I had left the island, the island would
never leave me. (点明主题)
Example 2:
一位外国朋友第一次来中国，他想请你介绍两三件极具中国特色的事物（可以是风俗文化等）
Fascinating China
China, one of the cradles of human civilization, possesses so many treasures
with Chinese characteristics that numerous foreign friends come to visit her.
(简介介绍的对象)
The Great Wall can be regarded as the symbol of China and is one of the
eight wonders in the world. (景物一)In imperial periods, it was used for defense of
the neighboring peoples. Now it has become a well-known place of interest as a

famous saying goes, “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”
China is the home of Panda, an animal with only two colors, white and black, but
very cute, it’s our national treasure, often served as a friendly diplomat.
(景物二)
The above mentioned are just a wave of the sea. If you are interested in knowing
more about this ancient nation, welcome to ask me.