COPD英文课

Definition
COPD is a preventable and treatable disease state characterized by continuous airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
The airflow limitation is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases, primarily caused by cigarette smoking.
Chronic Bronchitis
Histological sections of smokers
A is a nearly normal airway
alveolar complete
There are many secretion in the airway and maybe plug the lumen
connective tissus
Clinical manifestation
Character: ➢ chronic onset, ➢ recurrent attack ➢ long course of disease Main symptoms: ➢ cough: chronic, long term, repeatedly ➢ expectoration: mucoid sputum, purulent
There are many inflammatory exudates in the airway wall and lumen
secretion
airway with reduced lumen structural reorgnization increased smooth
muscle deposition peribrochial
Relationship of COPD and Chronic bronchitis, Asthma or Emphysema
气流受限 Tectangle
Chronic Bronchitis
2020/8/1
Definition(clinical diagonsis)
Definition: Chronic and unspecific inflammation of bronchi and the surrounding tissue.
It is expected to be the third leading cause of death by 2020
Why COPD is Important ?
nearly 3% Chinese above 15 are currently suffering from COPD
At 2018,patient of COPD among men over 40 years who smoke reaches up to 13.7%
Sputum examination: bacterial culture guide antibiotic treatment
Chest x-ray imaging
Examination Chest x-ray imaging
Diagnosis
Chronic cough and sputum production for 3 consecutive months in at least 2 successive years（≥3m/yⅹ2y）, excluding other chronic lung diseases (TB, Bronchiectasis )
Examination
Pulmonary function test: maybe normal in early stage. Gradually obstructive airway function appeared.
Blood routine: elevated neutrophil oຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu eosinophil
sputum when infection ➢ wheezing: seen in some patients
Clinical manifestation
Sign: 1. no obvious sign in early stage 2. sometimes moist rales and rhonchi
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
2020/8/1
Why COPD is Important ?
COPD is the only chronic disease that is showing progressive upward trend in both mortality and morbidity
Learning goals
Definition Etiology, pathogenesis and pathology Classification Clinical manifestations Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Feature: chronic mucus hypersecretion and cough.
Etiology and mechanism
Environment Factors ✓ Cigarette smoking ✓ Occupational dusts and chemicals ✓ Infections Host Factors ✓ Genes (family inhertance) ✓ Lung growth and defense mechanism