阶段检测卷一答案(可编辑word)
2021年春沪科版物理中考专题复习第1_4章阶段性检测卷(Word版附答案)
阶段性检测卷一(第1～4章)(时间：35分钟满分：46分)一、选择题(本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是正确的)1．(2020·镇江中考)以图中哪一个物体为参照物，正在下降的跳伞员是静止的（）A．地面B．地面上行驶的汽车C．降落伞D．正在上升的无人机2．下列关于光现象的说法中正确的是（）A．日偏食是由于光发生折射而形成的B．我们能看到鲜艳的黄色的花是因为花能反射黄色的光C．夏天雨过天晴，我们看到路边小草上的“一滴露珠也能折射出太阳的光辉”其实是光的反射现象D．当观众的目光都投向领奖者时，光的传播方向是从观众到领奖者3．(2020·仙桃中考)下列关于声现象的说法中，正确的是（）A．吹奏长笛时，笛声是由空气柱的振动产生的B．声音的传播不需要介质，能在真空中传播C．声音在空气中的传播速度大于在水中的传播速度D．“震耳欲聋”主要描述声音的音调高4．(2020·内江中考)受新冠疫情的影响，春季开学前，许多地区开展了“停课不停学”的网课学习。
小王戴着中间薄、边缘厚的眼镜进行网课学习，关于小王的眼睛及眼镜的说法，正确的是（）A．小王是远视眼B．小王的眼镜是凹透镜C．小王的视网膜上成的像是放大的D．小王的视网膜上成的像是虚像5．(2020·恩施州中考)一盏探照灯的灯光射向水池，如图所示，在没有水的池底C处形成一个光斑。
在逐步注水的过程中，B处的人看到池底的光斑会（）A．在原地不动B．先向左移再向右移C．向左移动D．向右移动6．用如图的装置做“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验时，已知凸透镜的焦距为10 cm，下列说法正确的是（）A．烛焰在如图所示的位置时，成像特点与照相机成像特点相同B．若将蜡烛移到光具座42 cm刻度处时，烛焰所成的像是倒立、放大的C．若将蜡烛移到光具座30 cm刻度处时，烛焰所成的像是等大的D．若将蜡烛从光具座30 cm刻度处向远离凸透镜方向移动时，烛焰所成的像将逐渐变大二、填空题(每空1分，共7分)7．(2020·河池中考)如图所示，刻度尺的分度值为mm；铅笔的长度为cm。
广西百色市凌云高中最新高三上学期复习阶段性检测一语文试题 Word版含解析
第Ｉ卷一现代文阅读(一）阅读下面的文字,完成１-3题。
（9分）ﻭ“苹果"蔫了，创新不灭“如果我们不考虑股票名称，只告诉投资者这里有一支股票在过去五年中涨了４2０％以上，你会得到一个一致的答案：卖掉。
”《基金研究》的作者列奥尼德·科诺普卡如是说.美国的这位仁兄认为“苹果"的股票过热了,存在着泡沫,并且随着乔神的离去，即将破灭。
ﻭ他甚至很直白地建议股民直接卖掉“苹果”的股票。
“苹果”股票的泡沫真的要破灭了？就目前的形势来看,听起来有点耸人听闻,但是,当我们深入地去分析,却发现这样的事情并非不可能。
毕竟我们已经见过太多的所谓“大船”翻船的骇人案例. ﻭ当然，在上帝想用iPｈoｎe５而请走了乔神之后，唱衰“苹果”的大有人在。
铁定的事实就是乔布斯的不幸逝世是苹果公司的巨大损失。
而随着乔布斯的离去,“苹果"帝国是否也会随之动摇，成为业界最大的一个疑问。
这一天会不会到来,有待时间去验证.而不争的事实就是，就目前的情况来看，似乎还没有谁可以成为史蒂夫·乔布斯，没有人可以担当这种充满远见和超凡魅力的灵魂角色。
另外一个疑问则是：iPad之后“苹果"还会有什么令人心动的革命性战略新品？我们都知道,“苹果”之所以能在业界屹立于不败之地，这些革命性的战略新品功不可没。
当下，乔神走了，“苹果"拿什么开创性的产品来吸引更多的“果粉"？ﻭ我们都知道，颠覆性的创新是“苹果”的灵魂，也是乔布斯的灵魂。
正是这种贯穿于整个品牌当中的灵魂,让“苹果"在科技与人文之间找到了一个最恰当的平衡点，从而改变了世界，改变了我们的生活.“不要去作市场调查,因为他们并不知道自己需要什么样的产品。
”当今世界，或许也只有乔神敢说出这样的话来.而在这里，正因为创新的存在，这种消费者内心深处所需求的却又浑然不觉的东西，才会被“苹果”牢牢抓住，所以它的产品才如此让人惊喜。
天津市静海区四校2020-2021学年高一第一学期12月阶段性检测英语试卷 Word版含答案
学校 班级 姓名 考场 座位号密封装订 线密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题2020—2021学年度第一学期12月份四校阶段性检测高一年级 英语 试卷一、听力（共20分）第一节：(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What kind of clothes does the woman like? A ．Formal clothes.B ．Casual clothes.C ．Popular clothes.2．What will the man do tonight? A ．Buy flowers.B ．Phone his mother.C ．Have dinner with his mother.3．What is the woman likely to do?A ．Look for a street.B ．Take a flight.C ．Get on the bus.4．What is the man afraid of?A ．Pain in his neck.B ．Running the marathon.C ．Having to stop training. 5．What does the man think of the smartphone? A ．It is expensive.B ．It is not cool.C ．It deserves the money.第二节:(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)听下面几段材料。
每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A ，B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在试卷的相应位置。
听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段材料读两遍。
安徽马鞍山二中2022-2021学年高一上学期第一阶段检测(10月)化学试卷 Word版含答案
马鞍山二中2021届高一上学期第一次阶段性检测化学试卷命题：王华龙审题：陶金圣可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每题3 分，共48分）1．假如你家里的食用芝麻油不当心混入了部分水，利用你所学的学问，接受最简便的分别方法是2．下列括号中的分别方法运用得当的是A．植物油和自来水(蒸馏) B．水溶液中的食盐和碘(分液)C．自来水中的杂质(萃取) D．CaCO3和CaCl2(溶解、过滤、蒸发)3．现有下列四种因素：①温度和压强②所含微粒数③微粒本身大小④微粒间的距离，其中对气体物质体积有显著影响的是A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③④4．下列物质中，在标准状况下，体积最大的是A．8 g H2 B．48 g O2 C．71 g Cl2 D．1 000 g H2O5．有一份气体样品的质量是14.2 g，体积是4.48 L(标准状况下)，该气体的摩尔质量是A．28.4 B．28.4 g / mol C．71 D．71 g / mol6．为了除去粗盐中的Ca2＋、Mg2＋、SO2－4及泥沙，得到纯洁的NaCl，可将粗盐溶于水，然后在下列操作中选取必要的步骤和正确的操作挨次①过滤②加过量NaOH溶液③加适量盐酸④加过量Na2CO3溶液⑤加过量BaCl2溶液A．⑤④①②③ B．④①②⑤③ C．⑤②④①③ D．①④②⑤③7．下列叙述正确的是A．1 mol H2O的质量为18 g/mol B．3.01×1023个SO2分子的质量为32 gC．CH4的摩尔质量为16 g D．标准状况下，1 mol任何物质体积约为22.4 L8．下列化学试验操作中，一般状况下不能相互接触的是A．用胶头滴管向试管滴液体时，滴管尖端与试管内壁B．过滤操作中，漏斗颈与烧杯内壁C．分液操作中，分液漏斗颈与烧杯内壁D．过滤操作中，玻璃棒与三层滤纸9．相等物质的量的CO和CO2，下列比较中正确的是①所含的分子数目之比为1:1 ②所含的氧原子数目之比为1:2③所含的碳原子数目之比为1:1 ④所含的原子总数目之比为2:3A．①② B．②③ C．①②③ D．①②③④10．试验室从碘水中提取碘的操作，正确的是A．分液、蒸馏 B．过滤、蒸发 C．萃取、分液 D．萃取、分液、蒸馏11．除去下列物质中的杂质(括号内为杂质)，所选用的试剂及操作方法均正确的一组是选项待提纯的物质选用的试剂操作的方法A CaO(CaCO3) 水溶解、过滤、结晶B Cu(CuO) 稀盐酸溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥C CuSO4(H2SO4) 氢氧化钠溶液过滤D CO(H2) 氧气点燃12．a mol H2SO4中含有b个氧原子，则阿伏加德罗常数可以表示为A．ab4 B．ba4 C.abmol－1 D．ab4mol－113．下列条件中，两种气体所含原子数肯定相等的是A．同质量、不同体积的N2和CO B．同温度、同体积的H2和N2C．同体积、同密度的C2H6和NO D．同压强、同体积的N2O和CO214．同温同压下，相同体积的甲、乙两种气体的质量比为17:14，若乙气体是CO，则甲气体可能为A.H2SB.HClC.NH3D.Cl215．在同温、同压下，A容器的氮气和B容器的氨气中，若它们所含的原子数相等，则这两个容器的体积之比是A．2:1 C．2:3 B．1:2 D．1:316．在相同状况下，一个空瓶，若装满O2称其质量为36 g，若装满CO2称其质量为42 g，若装满A气体，称其质量为52 g，则A的相对分子质量是A．16 B．32 C．64 D．128二、填空题（共44分）17．(1) N2、CO2、SO2三种气体的物质的量比为1∶1∶1时，它们的分子个数比为________；质量比为________；同温、同压下体积之比为________。
山东省济宁市济宁一中2020届高三上学期10月阶段检测数学试题+Word版含答案
济宁一中2017级高三年级第一学期阶段检测数学试题2019.10出题人：杨涛审题人：张善举、曹雷注意事项：1.本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共4页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
2.选择题答案请填涂在答题卡的相应位置，非选择题答案必须用黑色签字笔写在规定的答题区域内，否则不得分。
第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．已知集合，，则的子集个数为（）A．B．C．D．2．已知复数，则在复平面上对应的点所在象限是（）A．第一象限B．第二象限C．第三象限D．第四象限3．在等差数列中，若，，则（）A．B．C．D．4．下列函数中，既是奇函数又在定义域内递增的是（）A．B．C．D．5．，则的值为（）山东中学联盟A．B．C．D．6．已知向量，，则“”是为钝角的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件7．若向量，的夹角为，且，，则向量与向量的夹角为（）A．B．C．D．8．函数在上单调递增，且关于对称，若，则的的取值范围是（）A．B．C．D．9．设函数，若，（）A．B．C．D．10．函数（其中，）的图象如图所示，为了得到的图象，只需把的图象上所有点（）A．向左平移个单位长度B．向左平移个单位长度C．向右平移个单位长度D．向右平移个单位长度11．在中，是的中点，，点在上且满足，则等于（）A．B．C．D．12．定义在R上的函数满足：，，则不等式的解集为（）A．(3,+ ∞) B．(－∞,0)∪(3,+ ∞)C．(－∞,0)∪(0,+∞) D．(0,+∞)第Ⅱ卷（共90分）二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分．13．若等差数列的前项和为，则_________．Sdzxlm14. 已知，，且共线，则向量在方向上的投影为__________．15．设，将的图像向右平移个单位长度，得到的图像，若是偶函数，则的最小值为__________．16．已知函数，则当函数恰有两个不同的零点时，实数的取值范围是．三、解答题：本题共6个大题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．17．（本小题满分10分）已知函数y=ax（a＞0且a≠1）在[1，2]上的最大值与最小值之和为20，记．（1）求a的值；（2）证明；（3）求的值．18.（本小题满分12分）已知函数．（I）求函数的最小正周期和对称中心坐标；（II）讨论在区间上的单调性．19．（本小题满分12分）已知中，角的对边分别为，．（1）求角的大小；（2）若，求的面积．20. （本小题满分12分）设Sn为数列{an}的前n项和．已知an>0，a2n＋2an＝4Sn＋3.(1)求{an}的通项公式；(2)设bn＝1anan＋1，求数列{bn}的前n项和．21. （本小题满分12分）某品牌电脑体验店预计全年购入360台电脑，已知该品牌电脑的进价为3 000元/台，为节约资金决定分批购入，若每批都购入x(x∈N*)台，且每批需付运费300元，储存购入的电脑全年所付保管费与每批购入电脑的总价值(不含运费)成正比(比例系数为k)，若每批购入20台，则全年需付运费和保管费7 800元．(1)记全年所付运费和保管费之和为y元，求y关于x的函数；(2)若要使全年用于支付运费和保管费的资金最少，则每批应购入电脑多少台？22．（本小题满分12分）已知为实数，函数．（1）讨论函数的单调性；（2）若函数有两个不同的零点，①求实数的取值范围；②证明：．济宁一中2017级高三年级第一学期第二次阶段检测数学答案一、选择题。
2019-2020学年度第一学期陕西省西安临潼区骊山初级中学七年级第一阶段教学检测语文试题(word版,含答案)
2019-2020学年度第一学期第一阶段教学检测七年级语文试题（卷）注意事项：1.本试卷共8页，满分120分，时间120分钟；2.试卷中如有答题纸，请在答题纸上作答；如无答题纸，请直接在试卷上作答；一、积累和运用（17分）1.下列各组词语中，加点字的读音全都正确的一组是（）（2分）A.抖擞．（sǒu）一霎．（shà）徘徊．（huí）絮．叨（xù）B.嘹．亮（liáo）贮．蓄（zhù）分歧．（qí）莅．临（wèi）C.瓜蒂．（dì）姊．妹（zǐ）梗．概（gěng）侍．弄（shì）D.粗犷．（kuǎng）捶．打（chuí）祷．告（dǎo）棱．镜（léng）2.下列各组词语中，汉字书写全都正确的一组是（）（2分）A.朗润澄清瘫痪呼朋引伴B.酝酿骄媚稀疏翻来覆去C.安适凄冷憔粹各得其所D.宽敞晰沥烂漫花枝招展3.请从下面词语中选出最符合语境的词语填写在横线上。
（2分）（1）有人吐槽新旧两部《亮剑》中，秀芹含泪与李云龙最后（诀别离别分别）时，一个表现得大义凛然，一个却像撒泼！（2）母亲节那天，我给妈妈送了一束鲜艳的康乃馨，这让她（喜出望外忍俊不禁喜上眉梢）。
4.经典诗文默写。
（6分）（1），以观沧海。
水何澹澹，。
（曹操《观沧海》）（2），江春入旧年。
（王湾《次北固山下》）（3），小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。
（马致远《天净沙·秋思》）（4）牛背上牧童的短笛，。
（朱自清《春》）（5），从头到脚都是新的，他生长着。
（朱自清《春》）5.阅读下面的语段，完成后面的题目。
（3分）①提高道德品质的水准，是自我修养和后天环境教育共同一齐作用的结果。
②其中，自我修养是内因，后天环境教育通过内因能起作用。
③因而：社会中的每一个人，都必须自觉地加强道德品质的自我修养。
（1）第①句有语病，请将修改后的句子写在下面的横线上。
山东省烟台市莱州一中2014届高三10月阶段测试物理试题 Word版含答案
2011级第一次质量检测物理试题说明：全卷共2l 小题，总分100分。
卷一答案涂在答题卡上，卷二解答写在答题纸上，只上交答题卡及答题纸。
第I 卷(选择题共48分)一、本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题有多个选项正确，全部选对的得3分，选不全的得2分，选错或不答的不得分1．在力学理论建立的过程中，有许多伟大的科学家做出了贡献。
关于科学家和他们的 贡献，下列说法正确的是( )A ．伽利略发现了行星运动的规律B ．卡文迪许通过实验测出了引力常量C ．牛顿最早指出力不是维持物体运动的原因D ．开普勒根据行星在圆周轨道上保持匀速率运动的性质提出了惯性的概念。
2．如图是一个初速度为V o 沿直线运动物体的速度图象，经过时间t 速度为V t ，则在这段时间内物体的平均速度v 的情况是 ( ) A.02t v v v +> B ．02t v v v +< C ．02t v v v += D ．无法确定3·如图，一个楔形物体M 放在固定的粗糙斜面上，上表面成水平，在其上表面上放一光滑小球m ，楔形物体从静止开始释放，则小球开始的运动轨迹是 ( )A ．沿斜面方向的直线B ．竖直向下的直线C ．无规则的曲线D ．抛物线4·如图所示，重量为G 的物体在水平向左的大小为F 的恒力作用下，静止在倾角为α的光滑斜面上。
下列关于物体对斜面压力大小N 的表达式，正确的是A ．B ．cos G N α=C ．sin cos N G F αα=+D ．sin F N α= 5．如图4所示为粮袋的传送装置，已知AB 间长度为L ，传送带与水平方向的夹角为θ，工作时运行速度为v ，粮袋与传送带间的动摩擦因数为μ，正常工作时工人在A 点将粮 袋轻放到运行中的传送带上，关于粮袋从A 到B 的运动，以下说法正确的是(设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力)( )A ．粮袋到达B 点的速度与v 比较，可能大，可能小，也可能相等B ．粮袋丌始运动的加速度为g(sin θ-μcos θ)C ．若μ<tan θ，则粮袋从A 到B 一定一直做加速运动D．不论μ大小如何，粮袋从A到B可能一直匀加速运动，且a>gsinθ6．甲乙两辆汽车在平直的公路上沿同一方向作直线运动，t=0时刻同时经过公路旁的同一个路标。
安徽马鞍山二中2022-2021学年高一上学期第一阶段检测(10月)语文试卷 Word版含答案
2022－2021学年度第一学期月考试题2022.10.14.高一语文一、本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
1．下列词语中，加点字的读音全部正确的一项是（）A．遒．（qiú）劲分．（fèn）外百舸．（kě）争流沁．（qìn）人心脾B．颓圮．（pǐ）谒（yè）见头晕目眩．（xuàn）自怨自艾（ài）C．衣钵．（bō）逶迤．（yí）荆棘．（ｊí）丛生扼腕．（wàn）长叹D．漂泊．（pō）冰屑．（xiāo）虎踞（ｊù）龙盘瞋．（chēn）目而视2．下列词语中，字形全部正确的一项是（）A．慷慨追溯天纶之乐峥嵘岁月B．萧瑟消散星辉斑斓悄无生息C．匾额呕歌忸怩担忧林阴大道D．寥廓凌侮诲人不倦轻歌曼舞3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）①发源于青海省的三江源培育了中华儿女，同时也了灿烂夺目的中华文明。
②日方歪曲历史，既损害了两国人民的感情，也损害了双方的根本利益。
③碳排放过量会给地球生态环境带来严峻危害，假如不加以，必定会威逼人类生存。
A．孕育一再遏制B．哺育一再遏制C．孕育一再遏止D．哺育一再遏止4．下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当．．．的一项是（）A．她出身于音乐世家，长期的耳闻目睹．．．．，加上勤奋努力，使得她年纪轻轻就显示出惊人的音乐才华。
B．中国第一艘航母正式交接入列的消息兴奋人心．．．．，尽管尚未形成航母编队作战力量，但其意义深远。
C．今年中秋、国庆双节相邻，由于各大景区未雨绸缪．．．．，应对得当，旅游黄金周没再变成“难过周”。
D．今年夏天抗击洪涝灾难，让我们看到了坚强、团结、友爱，这才是我们国家不行或缺．．．．的力气之源。
5．下列各句中，没有．．语病、表意明确的一句是（）A．学校抓不抓青少年抱负训练的问题，是关系到祖国建设事业后继有人的大事，必需引起高度重视。
B．电子阅读的普及，不仅给现代人带来丰富多样的阅读内容，也在悄然转变着人们在纸质阅读时代所形成的审美趣味和观赏习惯。
江苏省无锡市华仕中学2013-2014学年七年级上学期语文第一次阶段性检测试题 (word版含答案)
无锡华仕中学第一学期初一年级语文学科第一次阶段性检测试卷（满分100分，考试时间150分钟）一、基础知识及运用（共24分）1、根据拼音写汉字或给加点字注音（4分）（1）bì益（2）瘦骨lín xún （3）镌．刻（4）xiá疵2、根据课文默写（10分）（1）潮平两岸阔，。
（2），铜雀春深锁二乔。
（3）梅须逊雪三分白，。
（4）万水千山。
（5）然而当初她的芽儿，，。
（6）谁道人生无再少？，。
（7）王湾的《次北固山下》中描写时序交替中的景物，暗示着时光流逝，蕴含着自然理趣的诗句是：，。
3、解释下列加点的词（4分）昂首观之，项为之强．。
又留蚊于素．帐中，徐．喷以烟，使其冲烟飞鸣，作青云白鹤观，果如鹤唳云端，怡然．称快。
（1）项为之强．（2）又留蚊于素．帐中（3）徐．喷以烟（4）怡然．称快4、.下列句子中加点词语使用不恰当的一项是（2分） ( )A ．三十年来，社会沧桑巨变．．．．，《读者》做精神家园守望者的宗旨却始终未变。
B．炮轰食品犯罪行为，维护百姓餐桌安全，是时代赋予新闻工作者义不容辞．．．．的责任。
C．为保障游客权益，使游客在参差不齐．．．．的旅游信息中不受骗，国家大力整顿了旅游市场。
D．网络交友已是许多人玩腻了的游戏，可有些年轻人依然乐此不疲．．．．，一个个前赴后继地扎进去。
5、找出下列语句中没有语病的一句 (2分) （）A.为了防止酒驾这类事件不再发生，交警部门采取了强有力的措施。
B.今年是中国共产党建党90周年，全国各地开展了以“忆党史、感党恩、跟党走”为主题的系列活动。
C.随着农家乐的兴起和快速发展，使长沙乡村旅游已逐步上升到一个产业化阶段。
D.从2011年6月1日起，我国所有动车组列车将基本上完全实行实名制购票。
6、在下面语段的空白处依次填入的一组句子，排序正确的一项是（2分） ( )生命中没有导演，谁都无法为自己的人生进行彩排。
但我们可以是编剧，把生活变成我们想要的体裁：那些风花雪月的浪漫可以改编成诗歌，那些柴米油盐的琐碎，那些坎坷不平的经历。
山西省忻州市静乐县第一中学2020-2021学年高一上学期第一次阶段性检测英语试卷含答案
英语试卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用0.5mm 黑色中性笔和2B 铅笔，将班级、姓名、准考证号填写在试题和答题卡上。
2.请把答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡，不交试题,答案写在试题上无效。
3.满分150 分，考试时间120 分钟。
温馨提示:认真细心地去解答每一道题，加油吧！第一节客观题部分一、单词辨音：找出下列各小题中划线部分读音不同的单词（每小题1 分，共10 分）。
1.A。
cheap2.A。
wine B。
healthB。
smileC.pleasureC。
mindD。
weatherD.engine3。
A. animal B. marry C。
traditionD.cabbage4. A. struggle B。
lunch C。
musicD。
duck5. A. flower B. how C. D.brown yellow6。
A. young B. group C。
countryD.enough7。
A. debate B.challengeC。
gradeD。
late8. A. month B. sixth C。
breatheD.birthday9. A。
worker B。
exploreC。
horseD。
forty10。
A.wearB。
pear C。
bear D. hear二、阅读理解：从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项（每小题3 分，共30分）。
ASharon，Aged 22The most important thing to keep in mind when going into high school is to be yourself. Besides, I don’t know what your middle school was like, but high school teachers will not care about things such as how much homework you already havein one night. It’s best to just learn to deal with things and manage your time wisely so you can achieve everything you need to.Frank, Aged 21I think almost every kid feels both nervous and excited before their first day。
高中生物人教版必修一阶段质量检测(一) 走近细胞 组成细胞的分子(B卷 能力素养提升) Word版含答案
阶段质量检测(一) 走近细胞组成细胞的分子(B卷能力素养提升)(满分100分时间60分钟)一、选择题(每小题3分，共42分)1．马歇尔和沃伦因对引起胃溃疡的幽门螺杆菌的开创性研究，获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
请问幽门螺杆菌与蓝藻的共同特点是( )A．都能进行光合作用B．不具有核膜，但有由DNA和蛋白质结合而组成的染色体C．拟核内有DNA分子D．细胞膜的化学组成和结构完全相同解析：选C 幽门螺杆菌与蓝藻都属于原核生物，拟核内的DNA分子不与蛋白质结合。
不同种类的细胞功能不同，细胞膜的化学组成和结构也不尽相同。
蓝藻可以进行光合作用，但幽门螺杆菌是寄生在人体内的寄生菌，不能进行光合作用。
2．下列物质与其基本组成单位，对应有误的是( )A．抗体——氨基酸B．糖原——葡萄糖C．RNA——核糖核苷酸D．脂肪——磷脂解析：选D 抗体的化学本质是蛋白质，其基本组成单位是氨基酸；糖原是多糖，其基本组成单位是葡萄糖；组成RNA的基本单位是核糖核苷酸；组成脂肪的物质是甘油和脂肪酸。
3．经分析某条多肽链中有O原子p个，N原子q个，它彻底水解后，只得到下列四种氨基酸。
分析推算可知，1分子该多肽水解得到的赖氨酸个数为 ( )A．p－q B．q－pC．p－q－1 D．q－p＋1解析：选D 由题意知，四种氨基酸都只含有一个羧基，且只有赖氨酸的R基中多了一个氨基，故在题中可利用水解前后O原子守恒来计算，设水解后赖氨酸有x个，故其他三种氨基酸的总数应为q－2x，多肽中氨基酸的总数应为q－x，则有q－x－1＋2＝p，则赖氨酸的个数就为q－p＋1。
4．下列关于能源物质的说法错误的是( )A．植物细胞中重要的储存能量的物质是淀粉和纤维素B．动物细胞中重要的储存能量的物质是糖原C．糖类是生物体进行生命活动的主要能源物质D．脂肪是生物体的主要储存能量物质解析：选A 纤维素是构成植物细胞壁的基本成分，不是植物细胞内储存能量的物质。
5．分析一条多肽链E和一条多肽链F得到以下结果(单位：个)：解析：选D 据表分析应通过至少有一个游离的氨基，因而多肽链E中肽键数是53－3＝50，氨基酸数是50＋1＝51，多肽链F中氨基酸数目是54－6＋1＝49。
安徽省六安市第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期第一次阶段性考试化学试题 Word版含答案
安一中2021-2022学年第一学期高一班级第一次阶段检测化学试卷满分：100分时间：90分钟可能遇到的相对原子质量：H1 He4 C12 N14 O16 Na23 Mg24 Al27 S32 Cl35.5 Ca64一、选择题（把符合题意的选项填在后面答题卡上，每个小题3分，共48分）1、在运输自然气的罐体上应印有下列警示标志中的（）2A.由一种元素组成的物质肯定为纯洁物B.酸性氧化物肯定为非金属氧化物C.酸碱盐都是电解质D.纯碱是酸式盐3.除去某溶液中溶解的少量杂质，下列做法中不正确的是（括号内的物质为杂质）（）A.NaCl溶液（）:加过量溶液，过滤，再加适量盐酸并加热B.溶液（）:加过量KCl溶液，过滤C.NaCl溶液（）:加,分液D.溶液（NaCl）：加热蒸发得浓溶液后，降温4、粗盐中含有不溶性泥沙，可溶性的以及一些硫酸盐等。
精致食盐水的试验操作挨次如下：①加入过量溶液②加入过量NaOH溶液③加入过量溶液④加入适量盐酸⑤过滤下列说法不正确的是（）A.①②③中加入过量的试剂是为了完全除去相应的杂质离子B.③中加入过量溶液仅为了完全除去C.由于难溶而微溶，所以用NaOH除效果比用好D.④中可以通过边滴加边测定溶液pH的方法，把握加入的盐酸“适量”5、把1000mL含有和KCl的混合液分成5等份，取一份加入含amol硫酸钠的溶液，恰好使钡离子完全沉淀；另取一份加入含bmol硝酸银的溶液，恰好使氯离子完全沉淀。
则该混合溶液中钾离子浓度为（）A. B. C. D.6、下列叙述中，不正确的是（表示阿伏德罗常数的值）（）A.标准状态下，22.4LCO和NO混合气体中原子数为2B.常温状态下，56g和CO混合气体中原子数为4C.标准状况下，44.8L和混合气体中原子数为6D.常温常压，28g和NO混合气体中原子数为47、关于2mol的叙述中，正确的是（）A.体积为44.8LB.含有4mol氧原子C.分子数为D.摩尔质量为128g8、下列溶液中与50mL溶液相等的是（）A. B.溶液C.溶液D.溶液9、有和的混合溶液，已知其中的物质的量浓度为的物质的量浓度为0.7mol/L，则此溶液中的物质的量浓度为（）A.0.1mol/LB. 0.15mol/LC. 0.2mol/LD. 0.25mol/L10、用700mL1.0mol溶液吸取,所得溶液中的和的物质的量浓度之比为（）A.1:3B.1:2C.2:3D.3:211、设为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述不正确的是（）A.1.8g中含有的电子数为B.25℃，1.01×,64g中含有的原子数为3C.在常温常压下，11.2L含有的分子数小于0.5D.标准状况下，11.2L中含有的分子数目为0.512、使用容量瓶配制溶液，下列操作不正确的是（）A.使用容量瓶前检查它是否漏水B.容量瓶用蒸馏水洗净后，再用溶液淘洗A B C DC.盖好瓶塞，用食指顶住瓶塞，用另一只手托住瓶底，把容量瓶反复上下颠倒，摇匀D.容量瓶不能长期存放配制好的溶液13、已知个X气体分子的质量为8g，则X气体的摩尔质量是（）A.32g/molB.32gC.64g/molD.16g14、下列试验操作或装置正确的是（）15、试验是化学争辩的基础，下列关于各试验装置的叙述正确的是（）A.装置①常用于分别互不相溶的液体混合物B.装置②可用于吸取或HCl气体，并防止倒吸C.装置③可用于收集等气体D.装置④可用于干燥、收集氯化氢，并吸取多余的氯化氢16、对下列物质分类全部正确的是（）①纯碱②食盐水③石灰水④NaOH ⑤液态氧⑥A.碱：①④B.纯洁物：①③④⑥C.盐：①⑥D.混合物:②③⑤二、非选择题（共52分）17、（6分）臭氧层是地球生命的爱护神，臭氧比氧气具有更强的氧化性。
山东省青岛超银中学(广饶路校区)2013-2014学年度九年级第一学期英语阶段性质量检测试题(word版含答案)
青岛超银中学（广饶路校区）2013-2014学年度第一学期阶段性质量检测九年级英语Ⅰ卷一、单项选择，每题1分，请将答案填写在答题卡上1. You don’t have to take notes ________ I tell you to do so.A. ifB. whenC. becauseD. unless2. ______, the boy won the prize.A. In surpriseB. To our surpriseC. Be surprisedD. Be surprising3. Li Ming is in poor health. He should pay more attention _________ exercise.A. to takeB. to takingC. for takingD. in taking4. You should keep working hard ____ you have passed the exam.A. sinceB. becauseC. soD. even though5. ------ Do you know where Li Ming is working _____? ------ Maybe in Guangzhou,I think.A. at firstB. at leastC. at lastD. at present6. My mother is strict both _____ me and ____ her work.A. with; withB. with; inC. in; inD. in; with7. How many states _______ the United States? Fifty.A. turn upB. make upC. end upD. give up8. He thinks _____ history about Chinese is very important.A. studiedB. studyingC. studiesD. study9. Can you learn English ________ chatting on the Internet? A. in B. with C. byD. for10. I had some problems _____ my homework.A. to finishB. finishingC. finishesD. finish11. He didn’t study hard, so he was afraid ______ in the exam.A. failB. to failC. failingD. failed12. Did you see them ____ basketball this morning?A. playingB. were playingC. to playD. are playing13. We can’t fix this machine well. Can you show us ___?A. how to doB. what to do itC. how to do itD. where to do14. Usually we get ________ about something and end up _________ in Chinese.A. exciting; speakingB. exciting; speakC. excited; speakingD. excited; speak15. ___ study in No.4 Middle School?A. Did you used toB. Did you use toC. Do you used toD. Do you use to16. My brother _________ works in that factory. He has become a bus driver.A. not longerB. not any longerC. no longerD. not any more17. His grandmother has been ________ for more than ten years.A. diedB. deathC. dyingD. dead18. ____ the end, they arrived in the city ____the morning of June 20, 2005.A. in; atB. By; onC. At; inD. In; on19. The meat smells _________. A. bad B. badly C. terribly D. ill20. ----How do you like the film? ----____.A. No, I didn’t like itB. Yes, I like itC. It is quite goodD. Thank you21. Chen Hui was chewing gum ________.A. any wayB. all the timeC. all timeD. all the same22. I met him in a bookshop ______.A. the other dayB. next dayC. right nowD. tomorrow23. You must keep your eyes ________. A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close24. The work is too hard, so ____ were needed.A. another six menB. six men moreC. more six menD. men another six25. So far, the moon ________ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited26. Jack wanted to read more, so he asked his friend if there was ________ to read.A. something easy enoughB. something enough easyC. enough easy somethingD. easy enough something27. An accident ________ on Zhongshan Road yesterday afternoon.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened28. Because of the rain, we must ________ holding the sports meeting.A. give upB. take offC. put offD. give away29. You should try your best ____ your English.A. to improveB. improvingC. improvesD. improve30. You should be working instead of _________ there in bed.A. lyingB. lieC. liesD. to lie二、阅读理解，每题1分，请将答案填写在答题卡上AThere was a young man named Bill in England. Before leaving school, he began to look for a job. Few companies needed new clerks due to the financial crisis （金融危机）at that time. It became harder and harder to find a job. Luckily, a chance camp up to him. A company wanted to employ（雇用）one person. He and the other twenty people joined in the first interview(面试). After that, three persons were allowed to enter the final test which would decide one person to be employed in the end. Bill was lucky to be among them. On the day of the second interview, Bill and the others arrived at the company on time. To their surprise, the interview was very easy. The interviewer only had a free talk with them, and then asked them to go back home waiting for the result. The next morning, Bill received a letter from the company which said he wasn't accepted. Certainly, he felt disappointed. On the evening of that day, Bill surprisingly received another letter, which said he was employed. But why was he accepted? As a matter of fact, the first letter sent to Bill was also part of the test. Every one of them got a letter which had the same meaning that morning. Only Bill replied with “Thank you” while the others said nothing.Life isn’t all fun. There is always something making us unhappy. When you feel disappointed, please say “Thank you” to the person who disappoints you. That shows your great generosity(宽容) and politeness to others. If you do so, you’ll have more chances than others.根据短文内容判断正（A）、误（B）。
广州市2019-2020学年越秀区铁一八年级下册英语阶段检测卷(word版含参考答案)
八年级下册阶段测试（本试卷共四大题，满分 100 分）一、单项选择。
（共10 小题，每小题1.5 分，共15 分）1.It is difficult for me to do this job because it a lot of experience.A．asks B．wants C．has D．requires2．When we the small island, we found there was nobody on it at all.A．got B．arrived C．went D．reached3.--They will a play in the school hall tonight.--Great! Would you like to enjoy it?A. put on; goingB. put on; to goC. put out; goingD. put out; to go4.--How is your grandma?--She's fine. She used to paper cuttings at home. But now she is used to out for a walk.A. make; goingB. making; goC. making; goingD. make; go5.-- Excuse me. I'm some toys for my son.-- Sorry. The last one yesterday.A.looking after; was sellingB.looking for; was soldC.looking after; was soldD.looking for; was selling6.-- Does she like English songs?--Yes. She to sing English songs in her room.A.singing; often heardB.singing; is often heardC.sing; is often heardD.sing; often heard7.--The boy can speak both English and Japanese he is only ten.--Wow! clever boy!A. if; What aB. although; HowC. although; What aD. if; How8.-- The table looks very nice. What's it made ?-- Wood. And it is made Shanghai.A. from; inB. of; inC. from; byD. of; by9.--Was the cup broken by him just now?--Yes,A. it wasB. it didC. he wasD. he did10.--My classmate hurt his leg while he was skating.--A．That's all right. B．Sorry to hear that.C．How wonderful! D．Any problem?二、完形填空（共10 小题，每小题1.5 分，共15 分）As the saying goes, “A hero is known in the time of misfortune（不幸）”. Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this. He is a doctor in Guangdong,who 11 many people’s lives in 2003.In 2003, SARS 12 in Guangdong. Later, it spread across Chinaand other parts of the world. Patients coughed a lot and got fevers.Hundreds of 13 even died from the disease.Even many doctors and nurses got SARS when they treatedpatients. So everyone was afraid of it. But Zhong was 14 enough to fight against the disease. Zhong spent days and nights to find the cause of the 15 . And with his way of treating, many patients began to get better. Zhong finally won people’s trust.In early 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) hit Wuhan. It spread 16 around the country. Tens of thousands of Chinese people were infected (感染). Zhong, 84, led his team to Wuhan to fight against the illness. Zhong’s team took many measures to 17 the patients infected by the Novel Coronavirus. He advised people to wear masks, 18 hands frequently ( 频繁地), stay at home and not to go to crowed places.Zhong likes sports very much. 19 he was 67, he could still play basketball. Now at the age of 84, Zhong still treats patients in the hospital and 20 young doctors. “I am just a doctor.” Zhong says. But we think he is a hero and a fighter.11 A. helped B. saved C. liked D. influenced12 A. took out B. found out C. gave out D. broke out13 A. patients B. doctors C. animals D. plants14 A. kind B. poor C. brave D. silent15 A. patient B. flood C. disease D. pollution16 A. quickly B. slowly C. safely D. luckily17 A. protect B. cure C. warn D. harm18 A. wave B. pollute C. shake D. wash19 A. When B. Although C. Unless D. Because20 A. criticize B. trusts C. teaches D. asks三、阅读理解（共10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）(A)More than 2,000 years ago, Emperor ( 皇帝) Wu's favourite wife of the Han Dynasty died of illness. The emperor missed her so much that he didn't want to do anything. One day, a minister (大臣) saw children playing with dolls. The shadows on the floor were interesting. The smart minister had an idea. He made a puppet of the emperor's favourite wife and painted it. As night fell, he asked the emperor to watch a puppet show behind a curtain. The emperor was very happy and became interested in it. In this way, puppet shows began.Shadow puppets were first made of paper, later from the hides of donkeys (驴皮). That's why their Chinese name is pi ying. Shadow puppet plays were very popular during the Tang and Song dynasties in many parts of China.Today, shadow puppet plays face extinction like other traditional art forms such as Nuo Drama. We should do something to protect them. Shadow puppet plays in Shaanxi are the most famous. The Academy Gate Cultural Street in Xi'an is a wonderful place for you to buy shadow puppets. There you can choose from hundreds of figures (人物) in different sizes and poses (姿势).21.What or who helped the minister have the idea of shadow puppets?A. His wife's painting.B. A movie behind a curtain.C. The shadows of some trees.D. Children playing with dolls.22.Why did the minister make a puppet show?A. To make the emperor happy.B. To remember Emperor Wu.C. To celebrate New Year.D. To make his life interesting.23.The underlined words " face extinction" mean " ".A. will saveB. will disappearC. will beginD. will be popular24.What can visitors do in the Academy Gate Cultural Street in Xi'an?A. Make their o wn shadow puppets.B. Enjoy the delicious traditional food.C. Buy shadow puppets.D. Know more traditional art forms.25.Why did the writer write the passage?A.To let us enjoy shadow puppet plays.B.To show what shadow puppets were made of.C.To show how shadow puppets were made.D.To introduce an ancient Chinese art form.（B）Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than “I'm sorry”. This phrase has become such a common response（反应）that it has taken on a lot of meanings.Saying “Sorry” means to apologize（道歉）. This is simple and easy to understand.We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages.But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps（碰撞）into the woman. Who should say sorry? Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn't looking where he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common for both to apologize.It is known that British people, like most people, do not enjoy conflict（冲突）. So to quickly calm the situation, British people will apologize to each other.Other times it may sound funny to hear “sorry”. Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: “Sorry, but can I order another drink?” It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn't always mean exactly what you think.26.According to the passage, “saying sorry” is a cultural expression in .A. the USAB. the UKC. the WWFD. the UN27.What does the underlined phrase “take on” mean in Paragraph 1?A. 从事B. 雇佣C. 呈现D. 拿起28.The example in the third paragraph is used to_ .A.describe a situation that people should avoidB.describe how "sorry" has another meaning in BritainC.explain why people should say sorry to each otherD.show how polite British people are29.The restaurant example shows that "sorry" can be used to .A. ApologizeB. calm a situation downC. explain what you're thinking aboutD. ask a waiter to bring something30.What might be a good title for this passage?A.“I'm Sorry” Is More Than just an ApologyB.Traditional British MannersC.How to Best Catch Others' AttentionD.Finding a Way out of a Difficult Situation五、写作（共五节，共50 分）第一节、根据首字母填写单词（每题1 分，共5 分）31.Doctor Smith worked late in the evening and got everything r for his speech.-32.My mother goes out for a walk after supper every evening. She wants to keep f .33.Catherine looks quite 1 in that pink dress.34.After getting into the house, my father took off his cap and h it on the wall.35.A he is only eight years old, he can speak English very well.第二节、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题1 分，共5 分）36.T here are two (fisherman) on the boat.37.Young trees require_ (plant) in Spring.38.Doing exercise every day keeps us (health)39.The story (write) by the writer in the 1990s.40.The girl (call) Little Sweet because she likes smiling.第三节、完成句子（每空1 分，共20 分）41.如果你不想上学迟到，你最好早点出发。
2020-2021学年度第一学期10月阶段性教学质量检测九年级物理试卷(Word版含答案)
安徽省马鞍山市二中实验2020-2021学年度第一学期10月阶段性教学质量检测九年级物理试卷一、填空题(每空2分，共24分)1.人体是导体.下表是通过人体的电流值和相应的人体反应：皮肤干燥的人两手问的电阻约为1×105欧，当皮肤潮湿时，电阻可能降到1.5×103欧，则皮肤潮湿时，只要在两手间加_________电压就可能会使人有触电的感觉。
2.在“用电流表测电流”的实验中，某同学接成如图a所示的电路。
当开关闭合后，两灯都发光，两个电流表的指针所指位置均为图b所示，则通过灯L2的电流为_________ A，通过灯L1的电流为_________ A。
3.如上图所示，串联在电路中的两段电阻材料相同、长度相同，则它们的电阻关系大小是：R A R B；若将它们并联在电路中，则通过它们的电流关系是I A I B（均选填“>”“=”或“<”）。
4.如图所示，电阻R1=1Ω，R2=2Ω，R3=3Ω，电流表示数为0.6A，若将图中的电流表改为电压表后仍接在原来的电源上，则此电压表的示数为V。
5.某一温度下，连接在电路中的两段导体A和B中的电流与两端电压的关系如上图所示。
由图信息可知，A导体的电阻为______Ω，当A导体和B导体并联在2.5V的电路中，通过电路的总电流为A。
6.为使两盏串联的电阻为7.5Ω，正常工作电压为4.5V的小灯泡正常工作。
现手头仅有12V的稳压电源，需在电路中（选填“串联”或“并联”）一只阻值为的定值电阻。
7.如图所示电路中，闭合开关S后，两灯都正常发光，两电表指针都有偏转，且示数稳定。
已知电源由4节新干电池串联而成，灯L1的电阻为12Ω，灯L2的电阻为18Ω，则甲电表的示数为，乙电表的示数为。
8.在所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，闭合开关S，当滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动时，R2接入电路的阻值。
电压表V1示数与电压表V2示数的差值跟电流表示数与R1阻值的乘积的比值。
阶段检测卷五(可自主编辑word)
阶段检测卷五（可自主编辑word）(第十单元~第十二单元)本试题分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两局部,总分值50分。
考试时间50分钟。
第一卷(选择题共14分)一、选择题(此题包括14个小题,每题1分,共14分,每题只要一个选项契合题意)1.实验室许多药品都需求密封保管,以下对药品密封保管缘由的解释错误的选项是( )A.浓盐酸——防止挥发B.NaOH——防止与CO2反响C.浓硫酸——防止吸水D.生石灰——防止与氧气反响2.以下四种氮肥样品中,区分参与熟石灰混合、研磨后无氨味的是( )A.硫酸铵B.氯化铵C.硝酸铵D.尿素3.资料是时代提高的标志。
以下关于资料的说法错误的选项是( )A.塑料属于无机分解高分子资料B.玻璃属于硅酸盐资料C.制造芯片的硅属于非金属资料D.铝镁合金属于复合资料4.以下关于盐的组成的表达中正确的选项是( )A.都含有原子团B.都含有金属元素C.都不含氢元素D.都含有非金属元素5.以下关于硫酸的说法中正确的选项是( )A.向碱溶液中滴加稀硫酸,溶液的pH逐突变大B.稀硫酸与氯化钡溶液混合有白色沉淀发生C.稀硫酸能使紫色石蕊溶液变蓝D.稀释浓硫酸时,要将水沿着器壁缓慢地参与浓硫酸中并不时搅拌6.推理是研讨和学习化学的一种重要方法。
以下推理正确的选项是( )A.酸、碱发作中和反响生成盐和水,所以生成盐和水的反响一定是中和反响B.碱中都含有氢氧根,所以碱中一定含有氢元素C.酸能使紫色石蕊溶液变红,CO2通入紫色石蕊溶液后溶液变红,所以CO2是酸D.无机物中都含碳元素,所以含碳元素的化合物都是无机物7.中和反响在生活中有普遍运用。
以下运用不属于中和反响的是( )A.用盐酸除铁锈B.服用含有氢氧化镁的药物治疗胃酸过多C.用熟石灰改良酸性土壤D.用硫酸处置印染厂含碱废水8.以下罕见盐的用途中,说法不正确的选项是( )A.添加少量的亚硝酸钠来保鲜食品B.硝酸钾在农业上可用作复合肥料C.农业上常用硫酸铜配制波尔多液D.氯化钠在生活中用作调味品9.以下是小明同窗设计的四种实验方案,其中不合理的是( )A.用加热的方法区分真黄金和假黄金B.用pH试纸测定溶液的酸碱度C.用灼烧闻气息的方法区分聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯D.用酚酞溶液区分食盐水和稀盐酸10.以下各组离子在指定溶液中能少量共存的一组是( )A.在硝酸铵溶液中:Na+、Cu2+、OH-B.在稀盐酸中:Ba2+、C O32-、Zn2+C.在氯化钠溶液中:K+、Ca2+、N O3-D.在氢氧化钠溶液中:H+、Mg2+、Cl-11.以下物质之间的转化可以完成的是( )A.CuO Cu CuOB.CaCO3 CaCl2Ca(NO3)2C.Fe Fe2O3FeCl3D.Al2O3Al(OH)3AlCl312.现有盐酸和CaCl2的混合溶液,向其中逐滴参与过量某物质X,溶液的pH随参与X的量的变化关系如下图。
2023-2024学年上海育才中学高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷及答案
上海市育才中学2021级高三第一学期10月练习考试时间120分钟，满分140分I.Listening Comprehension25分Section A10分Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.To a bank. B.To a travel agency.C.To a drugstore.D.To Spain.2. A.He forgot to submit his paper. B.He misremembered the deadline.C.He didn't finish his paper on time.D.He couldn't focus his mind on the paper.3. A.She is a movie enthusiast. B.She prefers thrillers to romances.C.She doesn't like thrillers.D.She is not in the mood for any movie.4. A.Because she is not good at calculating.B.Because she hurried to finish the report.C.Because she is quite a careless person.D.Because she cited unconfirmed figures.5. A.Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man.B.The man failed to renew the address.C.Lily planned to visit the new dormitory.D.The discs might have been mailed to the former place.6. A.The woman doesnt enjoy the leftovers.B.The man is an excellent cook in the army.C.The man has invited many people for lunch.D.The man intentionally prepared much food.7. A.The man should be more diligent.B.Cramming is effective for an exam.C.Biology is indeed difficult to learn.D.The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late.8. A.Arrange to apply for another room.B.Make a complaint about her roommate.C.Ask her roommate to move out of the room.D.Change rooms with someone in the housing office.9. A.Helen’s hard work is rewarding.B.Helen is an accomplished job hunter.C.Helen always complains about her job.D.Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers.10. A.Every student should value Chinese culture.B.Chinese students are humble and reserved.C.He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture.D..Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas.Section B15分Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations.The passages and the conversations will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.To relocate to safer grounds. B.To migrate with the seasons.C.To seek more hunting grounds.D.To gather more food for survival.12. A.It once belonged to the North sea. B.It was drowned by the melt water.C.It was an island abundant in wildlife.D.It was unveiled by the modern fishermen.13. A.Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate.B.The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe.C.Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization.D.Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars.B.The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration.C.Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars.D.The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks.15. A.Basic molecules for life. B.More essential chemicals.C.Holes caused by microbes.D.Ancient material from Mars.16. A.The development of life on Mars. B.The search for signs of life on Mars.C.The importance of research on rocks.D.The discovery of surface water on Mars. Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.To practise skateboarding. B.To encourage teenagers in trouble.C.To support a non-profit organization.D.To fulfil his dream of touring Europe.18. A.They served as tour guides for Joe. B.They kept a record of Joe’s journey.C.They transported equipment for Joe.D.They took care of Joe’s accommodation.19. A.He covered a rather long distance. B.He tried to follow his friends’van.C.He fell down and broke the trainers.D.He climbed over the rugged mountains.20. A.Prepare for another trip. B.Resign from his current job.C.Write a book about his journey.D.Renew a contract with the organization.II.Grammar and Vocabulary20分Section A GrammarDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.10分Do you know someone who is exceptionally picky when it comes to the food to eat,the clothes to wear,or the people to date?Choosy people tend to be somewhat overly analytical-they carefully weigh the pros and cons of most decisions.As a result,they tend to take a lot of time (21)________(make)up their minds.Remember Jerry from Seinfeld?He was extremely picky regarding the people he dated.Any physical flaw,(22)________small,was Jerry's reason for rejecting a possible dating partner.I hada friend who was like that.He didn't like the shape of this girl's chin,or another(23)_______ears were“too large for her face.”As a result,he rarely dated anyone.A waitress told me a story of a particular picky woman.The restaurant had a special salad(24)________tons of ingredients.This woman would go down the list of ingredients and say,“I don't like cucumbers,take that out...take out the cilantro,no tomatoes,etc.”The waitress said that by the time she was done,it was(25)________salad of just iceberg lettuce!People who are not picky-the opposite end of the scale-tend to be(26)________(impulsive),flexible,and open to experience.Our research found that some people are only picky in particular areas of their lives-eating, dating,or when(27)________(evaluate)goods for purchase,although most were picky in most things.Picky people tend to analyze,and often overanalyze,the choices that they are about to make.Some of them can drive salespersons crazy as they hesitate,evaluate.and hesitate again.A contractor(承包商),who(28)________(remodel)a couple of houses,told me the story of two extreme clients.The first,who was extremely choosy,took forever to decideon bathroom fixtures,appliances,cabinets,and paint.(29)________________the non-picky one,looked at three similar colors and said,“They're all ok,you choose.”While choosy individuals(30)________spend long time deciding,being analytical and slowing to act,non-choosy people's impulsiveness may lead to quick,and unwise decisions. However,the truth is that non-choosy people may also make their quick decisions,and rationalize them to make them fit,even if it wasn't the best decision in the first place.Section B VocabularyDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.10分A.claimedB.evacuateC.fabricsD.regularE.significantlyF.sinkG.rainstorms H.similar I.initially J.swallowing K.thought“It was a wave of water,”says Oulimata Sambe.She points out the still-sodden(湿透的) armchairs,muddy wardrobe and the water stain a metre and a half up the wall in her small house in Ngor,a fishing village within Dakar,the capital of Senegal.“I had two grandkids on my bed,I had to(31)______them out of the window,”she adds.Not faraway,underpasses on Dakar's scenic corniche(滨海路)became car-(32)______lakes.Just weeks earlier another downpour had turned quiet streets in Dakar into raging rivers and collapsed a section of motorway.(33)______events regularly occur across the region.Recent flooding and landslides also killed eight people in Freetown,the capital of Sierra Leone.In June flooding killed12people in Abidjan,the commercial capital of Ivory Coast.Floods in Lagos,Nigeria’s commercial capital, (34)______another seven lives.Even when they are not deadly,city floods ruin lives and livelihoods.Storm water recently flooded the biggest textile(纺织业)market in Kano,a city in northern Nigeria,destroying hundreds of thousands of dollars’worth of(35)______.Unusually heavy rains have become(36)______more common over the past30years, leaving huge numbers of people at risk.In places this is partly because of deforestation.A recent study by Christopher Taylor of the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology,a research institute, and his coauthors found that afternoon(37)______in deforested parts of coastal west Africa happen twice as often compared with30years ago.Their frequency went up by only about a third in places that kept their forests.Yet(38)______flooding of cities in west Africa is not only caused by heavier rain.Unplanned urbanization is also to blame.As cities have grown,builders have thrown up concrete walls with little(39)______about providing drainage,making it harder for water to find a clear path to the sea.As ever larger areas have been paved over,there has been less exposed soil into which water can gently(40)______away.And as cites get more packed with new arrivals,their few functioning drains get overwhelmed or clogged.III.Reading Comprehension45分Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.15分When Harry told me that he was leaving the company,one of the first things he said to me was that he didn’t like emotional goodbyes.I have decided to take him at his word.Everything you will hear me say tonight is straightforward and___41___,just like the man himself.Harry has been in the finance departent for seven years.In that time,he has not done anything remotely___42___.I asked several people if they had anecdotes(轶事)about him,and the best they could come up with is that he once accidentally changed a formula in the annual budget spreadsheet.Since the___43___was quickly spotted and fixed,it had no impact at all.Will Harry be___44___?Not at all,though for reasons that he may not fully grasp.This is an evening in which the person who is leaving receives presents(as well as a card from people whose names you don't recognize but who just loved working with you).But the___45___goes both ways.The leavers have a parting gift of their own to present:a convenient scapegoat(替罪羊).When someone dies,the convention is not to speak ill of the departed.When an employee ___46___a company,it's the opposite.Things that don't work as well as they should can be laid at the door of someone who won't___47___.Frustrations that have been suppressed can finally be blamed on someone.When we speak of you,we will say things like“Harry had many strengths but...",and we will___48___ourselves that you held us back a bit.This will not be true,but it will be___49___.I'd like to take this opportunity to tell you that we are grateful for this___50___ act of service,which can last for as long as a year after someone has actually left the building. After that,memories tend to fade.I wish I could promise you that you are part of company folklore,or that your role in banning plastic straws from the office will ring through the ages. ___51___,the only guarantee I can give is that no one here will ever read your exit-interview notes.This may all seem a little___52___.You have spent many years at the company,and yet will probably___53___.But in spite of that,you should still feel___54___in your time here.To have done your work well and to leave at a time of your choosing are achievements that are beyond most people.So please raise your glasses to Harry.He has been an excellent colleague and won't really be___55___.41.A.off the guard B.to the point C.in the swing D.on the horizon42.A.funny B.impressive C.correct D.creative43.A.breakdown B.discovery C.mistake D.crack44.A.hated B.remembered C.adored D.forgotten45.A.impact B.exchange C.ceremony D.end46.A.joins B.founds C.reforms D.exitse up B.answer back C.leave off D.back away48.A.persuade rm C.remind D.caution49.A.pointless B.consequential C.significant D.convenient50.A.selfless B.grand C.final D.accidental51.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Besides D.Therefore52.A.weird B.amusing C.exciting D.sad53.A.make no difference B.leave little traceC.have some sayD.produce much impact54.A.regret B.guilt C.pride D.pain55.A.missed B.replaced C.erased D.blamedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinjshed statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.22分AWorth nearly$ltrn,Facebook is the world’s sixth-most-valuable company.Its revenues have grown by56%in the past year,and its share price by more than a quarter.Nearly3bn people use its products every month.Why did such a successful company change its name as Meta?The likely official reason for the rebranding is that the firm has outgrown the social network that Mark Zuckerberg started17years ago in a Harvard dorm.Today it includes other social apps (Instagram,WhatsApp,Messenger)and video hardware(Oculus,Portal).It has launched a digital wallet(Novi)and may yet offer a currency(Diem).Mr Zuckerberg expects people eventually to associate his firm more with the“metaverse”(元字宙),a virtual space for work play and more, than with social media.Facebook wouldn't be the first tech giant to do so.In2015Google set up Alphabet,a holding company for the search engine and its many side projects.Under this model,Facebook would become just another app within a wider family,though by far it has been the biggest earner.There is another possible motive for a makeover.For all its financial success,the Facebook brand has become tarnished.The social network is blamed for fueling everything from teenage anorexia(厌食症)to uprising at the US Capitol.Public trust in it is lower than in most tech giants, and falling.Although two years ago the firm started branding its apps as being“from Facebook”, its new smart glasses,which can record video and take phone calls,feature only the logo of its partner,Ray-Ban.A former employee revealed that Facebook was trying to cover up a drop in young American users.Mr Zuckerberg himself has been a reason for much of the criticism of Facebook,and of bossy tech firms more generally.As the all-powerful founder,he has a higher profile than his opposite numbers at TikTok,YouTube and other social networks.Normally,a brand facing a reputational crisis might dump its unpopular CEO.But Mr Zuckerberg’s position is immovable, which may explain why he would want to dump the brand instead.56.Facebook changed its name because________.A.it wanted people to associate its name with universeB.it was trying to follow the fashion led by GoogleC.it expected to expand its business to a wider rangeD.its former name has brought bad reputation to the company57.What can we know about Facebook?A.It was founded by Zuckerberg in Harvard's dormitory.B.It has a positive influence on teenagers’mind and actions.C.It is as popular among young people in the US as it was.D.It produced smart glasses with two companies’logos on it.58.What does the underlined word“tarnished”mean in the passage?A.distinguishedB.abandonedC.globalizedD.spoiled59.This passage probably appears in________.A.a science reviewB.a business magazineC.a technical reportD.the website of FacebookBThe Pros and Cons of Napping●Daytime resting:helpful or harmful?Getting some sleep,even a short afternoon nap,may seem like a good thing for people with sleep disorders.But for those with insomnia and an already decreased desire to sleep at night, midday shut-eye can actually be counterproductive.So before you curl up on the couch this afternoon,consider whether your quick fix might backfire when you lie down in bed tonight.●Trouble sleeping at nightIf you have insomnia,naps present a problem,even if you feel tired during the day.Napping during the day can perpetuate bad sleep habits for people with temporary sleep issues caused by stress,illness,or jet lag too.“Even just a little bit of a power nap reduces your night time sleep drive,”says Ralph Downey III,PhD,director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Loma Linda University Medical Center in Califoria.“The nap becomes nothing more than another episode of fragmented sleep.”●Getting through the dayIf you don't have a problem getting your z’s at night,a quick nap can work wonders to pull you through a tiresome or sleep-deprived day.In fact,a2008study found that a45-minute daytime nap can improve memory function.And previous studies have found that naps can lower blood pressure.Those who suffer from narcolepsy or shift-work syndrome may also benefit from daytime naps,says James Wyatt,PhD,director of the Sleep Disorders Service and Research Center at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.●Fatigue could be a warning signIf you're constantly fighting the urge to sleep during the day and falling asleep instantly at night,you might have obstructive sleep apnea,a condition in which you stop breathing while you sleep.In this case,naps won't help.By wearing a continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) machine that flows oxygen through your nose,however,you'll likely sleep more soundly and wake refreshed whether from a good night's rest or a quick catnap.60.If you suffer from insomnia________.A.midday shut-eye may be helpfulB.a short afternoon nap is probably a good thingC.napping during the day is considered a good habitD.a little bit of a power nap decreases your night time sleep desire61.A quick nap can be beneficial for common people except those________.A.who have a problem falling into sleep at nightB.whose memory is not good enoughC.who suffer from shift-work syndromeD.whose blood pressure is too high62.It can be inferred from the passage that________.A.naps are helpful for those who have obstructive sleep apneaB.more oxygen through your nose might improve sleep qualityC.a45-minute daytime nap can be beneficial for those with insomniaD.a quick nap can pull everyone through a sleep-deprived dayCDelivering life-saving drugs directly to the brain in a safe and effective way is a challenge for medical providers.One key reason:the blood-brain barrier,which protects the brain from tissue-specific drug delivery.Methods such as an injection or a pill aren't as precise or immediate as doctors might prefer,and ensuring delivery right to the brain often requires invasive risky techniques.A team of engineers from Washington University in St.Louis has developed a new nanoparticle generation-delivery method that could someday vastly improve drug delivery to the brain,making it as simple as a sniff.“This would be a nanoparticle nasal spray,and the delivery system could allow medicine to reach the brain within30minutes to one hour,”said Ramesh Raliya,research scientist at the School of Engineering&Applied Science.“The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from foreign substances in the blood that may injure the brain,”Raliya said.“But when we need to deliver something there,getting through that barrier is difficult and invasive.Our non-invasive technique can delivel drugs via nanoparticles so there’s less risk and better response times.”The novel appronch is based on aerosol(气落胶)science and enginecring principles that allow the gencation of monodisperse nanoparticles,which can deposit on upper regions of the nasal cavity via spread.The nanoparticles were tagged with markers,allowing the researchers to track their movement.Next,researchers exposed locusts’antenna(触角)to the aerosol,and observed the nanoparticles travel from the antennas up through the olfactory nerve,which is used to sense the smell.Due to their tiny size,the nanoparticles passed through the brain-blood barrier,reaching the brain and spreading all over it in a matter of minutes.The team tested the concept in locusts because the blood-brain barriers in the insects and humans have similarities.“The shortest and possibly the easiest path to the brain is through your nose,”said Barani Raman,associate professor of biomedical engineering.“Your nose,the olfactory bulb and then olfactory cortex:two steps and you’ve reached the cortex.”To determine whether or not the foreign nanoparticles disrupted normal brain function,Saha examined the physiological response of olfactory neurons in the locusts before and after the nanoparticle delivery and found no noticeable change in the electrophysiological responses was detected.“This is only a beginning of a set of studies that can be performed to make nanoparticle-based drug delivery approaches more principled”Raman said.The next phase of research involves fusing the gold nanoparticles with various medicines,and using ultrasound to taarget a more precise dose to specific areas of the brain,which would be especially beneficial inbrain-tumor cases.63.This passage is mainly about________.A.a novel method of drug deliveryB.a challenge facing medical staffC.a new medicine treating brain diseasesD.a technique to improve doctors’ability64.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Doctors prefer using methods like an injection to treat diseases.B.Locusts were taggged with markers to track their movement.C.The blood-brain barrier lowers the effectiveness of a pill.D.The medicine could reach the brain within half an hour.65.The researchers focused their study on locusts because________.A.human and locusts have similar structures that protect brain from foreign substances.B.the delivery process consists of the olfactory bulb and the olfactory cortexC.locusts have changeable electrophysiological responses to nanoparticlesD.The shortest and possibly the safest path to the brain is through human’s noses66.________would most be interested in reading this passage.A.A lung cancer patient who needs operation immediatelyB.A college student who majors in medical technologyC.A senior doctor who is about to retireD.A high school teacher who is teaching biologySection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A woman held tightly her phone to her heart,the way a missionary might hold a Bible.She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers,but first she had toget through a crowd of others who were doing the same.(67)___________For the34th year,florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display,from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures.A tower of baby’s breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by Gustav Grunewald.Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali.It's amazing and also extremely Instagrammable,to the point that it has become a problem.(68)__________Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement:carving out“photo free”hours during the exhibition’s six-day run.One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them.A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this.It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw.(69)__________Linda Butler,the de Young’s head of marketing,communications and visitor experience,acknowledges that not everyone wants amuseum to be“a selfie playland”.Yet a lot of other people do,and her take is that the de Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a$28ticket is more valid than another.If we removed social media and photography,she says,“we should risk becoming irrelevant”.(70)__________On this visit to the museum,most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal.Many politely waited their turn and got out of other people's shots even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.IV.Summary Writing:10分Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main points)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.71.It is a common sight on campus or in the streets:a young person rides by on an electric scooter,traveling quickly and proudly.But Beijing's traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5,people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined10yuan.They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again.The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads,with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems.The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than20electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes.It added that16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum20km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police,people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes.But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people,experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly.Electric scooters are a great answer to the“last mile problem of getting from a public transport station to one’s home.They're light enough to throw over your shoulder.They're easy to ride just about anywhere and don't need a lot of physical effort.The scooter can travel25km on one charge.It's convenient and easy to control.They are also good for the environment.Unlike cars and buses.electric scooter produce no carbon dioxide,need no fuel and make almost no noise.For many young people,they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos.第II卷V.Translation:(3+3+4+5=15’)Directions:Translate the following sentence into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.在场的人都觉得他说的话不能证明他是无辜的。
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阶段检测卷一
第一、二、三单元
一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共15分)
1.D“竹外桃花三两枝,春江水暖鸭先知”体现了温度对生物的影响,D错误。
2.B葵花向日倾体现了生物能够对外界刺激作出反应,B正确。
3.A一个探究实验中只能有一个实验变量,其他因素均处于相同且理想的状态,这样便于排除其他因素对实验结果的干扰。
甲实验装置形成了干燥和湿润的两种环境,实验变量是水分。
乙实验装置形成的实验变量有两个,一个是水分,另一个是光照,这样不能保证实验结果的不同是由某一变量引起的,因此A正确。
4.A旗形树是经常吹定向强风形成的,是环境对生物的影响,A正确。
5.B从图甲转为图乙是由低倍镜换成了高倍镜,首先要移动玻片把物像移动到视野中央,然后转动转换器,当换上高倍镜后,视野变暗,需要调节光圈或反光镜使视野变得亮一些,最后转动细准焦螺旋使物像更加清晰,B符合题意。
6.D①心脏能不断收缩和舒张,主要由肌肉组织构成;①唾液腺是分泌唾液的腺体,主要由上皮组织构成;①大脑属于神经系统,主要由神经组织构成;①股骨是具有支持、连接、保护和营养等功能的器官,主要由结缔组织构成,而机械组织属于植物的组成结构,D正确。
7.D①是根冠,具有保护作用,属于保护组织,D错误。
8.C扁桃体属于免疫器官,所以它属于器官这个结构层次,C正确。
9.D胚是由受精卵发育来的,D错误。
10.A玉米花具有风媒花的特点:花朵小,没有艳丽的花冠和芳香的花蜜;花粉多而轻;柱头有分叉或黏液,有利于风力传粉,A正确。
11.C酒精能溶解叶绿素,但酒精是易燃、易挥发的物质,直接加热容易引起燃烧发生危险,因此应把叶片放入装有酒精的小烧杯中,隔水加热,C错误。
12.B a步骤是把盆栽的天竺葵放黑暗处一昼夜,目的是耗尽叶片中的淀粉,A错误。
d步骤用碘液染色,叶片见光部分变蓝色,C错误。
本实验能证明光合作用产生淀粉和需要光,不能验证叶绿体是光合作用的场所,D错误。
13.B白天适当升温可以提高光合作用速率,A错误;夜晚降温可以减弱蔬菜的呼吸作用,从而使有机物得到积累,C错误;光是光合作用的条件,适当增强光照可增强光合作用的速率,和呼吸作用无关,D错误。
14.A从曲线中看出,随着光照强度升高,BC段光合作用速率基本不变,可能与原料等其他条件有关,A错误。
15.B甲装置中的氢氧化钠溶液吸收玻璃罩内的二氧化碳,而乙装置中清水不吸收,故此实验中的变量是二氧化碳,B错误。
二、非选择题(共35分)
16.答案(1)物质循环能量流动(2)A→植食性动物→B10
(3)C二氧化碳太阳
解析图示A能被植食性动物捕食,并且实线箭头可以和环境中的物质相互循环,因此A可以代表生产者,B代表肉食动物,C代表分解者。
虚线箭头是单向的、不可循环的,因此虚线表示
的是能量流动。
(2)食物链反映的是生产者与消费者之间吃与被吃的关系,所以食物链中不应该出现分解者和非生物部分,因此图中食物链:A→植食性动物→B。
若植食动物获得1千焦的能量,则至多消耗A 1÷10%=10(千焦)能量。
(3)细菌无成形的细胞核,因此图中生物可能不具有成形细胞核的是C分解者。
碳元素在无机环境中主要以二氧化碳的形式存在,它通过植物的光合作用进入生物体内。
生产者通过光合作用制造有机物,把光能转化为化学能储存在有机物中,所以食物链中所有生物散发的能量最初来自太阳。
17.答案(1)光照是否是种子萌发的必要条件(2)光照、不同植物的种子(3)充足的空气、一定的水分、适宜的温度(4)95%(5)需要光不能见光与光照无关
解析(1)由3组对照实验可以看出小李同学做实验要探究的问题是:光照是否是种子萌发的必要条件。
(2)在探究种子的萌发是否需要光照时,有无光照是影响种子萌发的因素,实验变量是光。
对照实验要遵循单一变量原则。
本实验选用了烟草、苋菜、蚕豆种子各200颗,可探究不同植物种子萌发是否需要光照。
(3)种子萌发的外界条件:充足的空气、一定的水分、适宜的温度。
(4)发芽率是指发芽种子数占种子总数的百分比,根据表格中的数据可知烟草种子在光下的发芽率=发芽种子数÷种子总数×100%=190÷200×100%=95%。
(5)根据记录结果可以看出:烟草种子在见光情况下发芽率为95%,在不见光情况下发芽率为3%,说明烟草种子的萌发需要光;苋菜种子在见光情况下发芽率为2%,在不见光情况下发芽率为96%,说明苋菜种子萌发不能见光;蚕豆种子在见光情况下发芽率为90%,在不见光情况下发芽率为89%,两种情况下发芽率基本差不多,说明蚕豆种子的萌发与光照无关。
18.答案(1)异花传粉(2)光合(3)叶绿体、线粒体(4)48
(5)盘状RR、Rr或rr盘状南瓜、球状南瓜
解析(1)单性花植物进行的一定是异花传粉,南瓜的植株上既有雄花又有雌花,说明南瓜的花是单性花,其进行的传粉方式是异花传粉。
(2)南瓜果实中的营养物质来源于植物体进行的光合作用。
(3)细胞内有两种能量转换器:叶绿体和线粒体,叶绿体是绿色植物细胞进行光合作用的场所;线粒体存在于动物细胞和植物细胞中,是细胞呼吸作用的主要场所。
南瓜的叶片细胞中既含有叶绿体又含有线粒体。
(4)南瓜的果皮是由南瓜子房的子房壁发育成的,因此其细胞内染色体数目与南瓜正常体细胞的染色体数目相同,与生长素溶液处理无关。
因此,这种果实的细胞中染色体数目为48条。
(5)若用纯种的盘状南瓜与球状南瓜杂交,杂交后所结的果实全为盘状南瓜。
说明盘状为显性性状。
如果把这些盘状南瓜的种子种下去,在自然条件下,所结果实的基因组成为RR盘状、Rr盘状、rr球状。
19.答案(1)叶(2)氧气(3)筛管(4)二氧化碳是光合作用的原料吗将叶片中原有的淀粉耗尽或运走(5)a淀粉
20.答案(1)呼吸作用释放的二氧化碳量光合作用吸收的二氧化碳量和呼吸作用释放的二氧化碳量之间的差值(2)3.525 ①(26 ①)光合作用固定的二氧化碳量是呼吸作用释放二氧化碳量的2倍(净光合速率与呼吸强度相等)(3)二氧化碳浓度光照强度
解析(1)若将题述装置置于暗处,叶片只能进行呼吸作用,因此测定单位时间内叶室中的二氧化碳含量变化值表示呼吸作用释放的二氧化碳量。
若将题述装置置于适宜强度的光照下,叶片同时进行光合作用和呼吸作用,因此测定相同单位时间内叶室中的二氧化碳含量变化值表示光合作用吸收的二氧化碳量和呼吸作用释放的二氧化碳量之间的差值。
(2)光照1小时,15 ①时光合作用固定的二氧化碳量:实际光合作用=净光合作用(即光照下测定的二氧化碳吸收量)+呼吸作用(黑暗下测定的二氧化碳释放量)=2.5+1=3.5 (mg/h)。
图乙中净光合速率最大时最有利于植物积累有机物,对应的温度是25 ①(26 ①)。
两条曲线的交点表示光合作用固
定的二氧化碳量是呼吸作用释放二氧化碳量的2倍(净光合速率与呼吸强度相等)。
(3)影响光合作用的环境因素包括温度、光照强度、二氧化碳浓度、含水量和矿质元素的含量等。