小组学术英语论文

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英语作文关于小组合作

英语作文关于小组合作Group cooperation is an essential aspect of many aspects of life. Whether it is in school, at work, or in social situations, the ability to work effectively with others is critical to achieving success. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of group cooperation and share some strategies for effective collaboration.Firstly, group cooperation allows individuals to combine their strengths and work towards a common goal. When working in a group, each member brings their unique skills and perspectives to the table. By working together, individuals can accomplish tasks that would be difficult or impossible to achieve alone. For example, in a school project, one student might be good at research, while another is skilled at graphic design. By working together, they can create a high-quality project that showcases their combined strengths.Secondly, group cooperation promotes communication andteamwork. When working in a group, individuals must communicate effectively to ensure that everyone is on the same page. This requires active listening, clear communication, and the ability to give and receive feedback. Additionally, group cooperation encourages individuals to work together towards a common goal, which promotes a sense of teamwork and collaboration.To achieve effective group cooperation, there are several strategies that individuals can employ. Firstly, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations atthe beginning of the project. This will help to ensure that everyone is working towards the same objective and understands their role in the group. Additionally, it is important to establish open lines of communication, so that everyone feels comfortable sharing their thoughts and ideas.Another important strategy for effective group cooperation is to assign roles and responsibilities. Thiswill help to ensure that each member of the group has aclear understanding of their responsibilities and can work towards achieving their assigned tasks. Additionally, it isimportant to establish deadlines and milestones to ensure that the group stays on track and is making progress towards their goals.Finally, it is important to be flexible and adaptable when working in a group. This means being willing to compromise and adjust plans as needed to accommodate the needs of the group. Additionally, it is important to be respectful of the opinions and perspectives of others, even if they differ from your own.In conclusion, group cooperation is an essential aspect of many aspects of life. By working together, individuals can combine their strengths and achieve their goals. To achieve effective group cooperation, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations, establish openlines of communication, assign roles and responsibilities, establish deadlines and milestones, and be flexible and adaptable. By employing these strategies, individuals can work effectively with others and achieve success in their endeavors.。

学术论文英语

学术论文英语An academic research paper is a formal document that presents the results of original research, analysis, and interpretation in a specific field of study. It follows a specific structure and language style.The structure of an academic research paper generally includes the following sections:1. Title: A concise and informative title that reflects the content of the paper.2. Abstract: A brief summary of the paper's objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.3. Introduction: An introduction to the research topic, including background information, research questions, and the significance of the study.4. Literature Review: A critical review of relevant literature and previous research on the topic.5. Methodology: A detailed description of the methods used to conduct the study, including data collection and analysis procedures.6. Results: Presentation and analysis of the research findings, often using tables, charts, or graphs.7. Discussion: Interpretation and explanation of the results, including their implications and limitations.8. Conclusion: A summary of the key findings and their implications, as well as suggestions for future research.9. References: A list of all the sources cited in the paper, using a specific referencing style (e.g., APA, MLA).In terms of language, academic papers are typically written in aformal and objective tone. The use of concise and clear language is important to ensure that the paper is accessible to readers. Additionally, proper grammar and punctuation are essential to convey ideas accurately. Avoid using jargon or technical terms without defining them, as the paper should be understandable to a wide audience, including other researchers in the field.When writing an academic research paper, it is important to cite all the sources used in the paper to give credit to the original authors and avoid plagiarism. Various citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, may be used depending on the requirements of the target journal or academic institution.Overall, academic research papers serve as a means to contribute new knowledge to a specific field of study and are crucial for advancing scientific understanding.。

英文学术论文范文

英文学术论文范文一：英美文学中文学批评的多元化探讨摘要：英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论，不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同，每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础，从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评，正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点，能够包容多种批评学派的存在，对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。

关键词：英美文学;文学批评一、文学批评理论在英美文学教学中的意义目前我国大多数院校都开设了相应的文学教育理论课程，而在关于英美文学的教学过程中，文学批评与文学教学是相辅相成的关系，文学批评可以从其独特的视角关注和解读英美文学作品，得到与众不同的观点，从而充分了解了整部英美文学作品的历史意义和内涵。

文学批评也为英美文学教学提供了一把打开其大门的钥匙，让学生有机会从不同的角度，不同的观点、不同的思想关注英美文学，更好地促进了英美文学的发展。

以文学批评基本理论为依据，应用到英美文学教学中，将有助于在学习作品过程中，避免传统的、印象式的解读，使学生通过对原著的充分解读，仔细品味原著中作者想要表达的观点，以及写作的手法，培养学生踏实阅读的学风，还能够让学生充分感受到文学的魅力，增强学习兴趣，提高学习成绩。

二、英美文学中文学批评的多方位表现形式1.英美文学中新批评理论。

上世纪三四十年代开始出现以兰色姆(J.C.Ransom,1888-1974)、威姆塞特(W.K.Wimsatt,1907-1975)等为代表，形成了英美文学中的新批评理论。

他们认为一切从作者的原始写作动机与作者的阅读感受为出发点所进行的文学批评都是错误的谬论，脱离了文学批评的初衷，将文学批评的对象进行了根本的转移，即转移到了文学作品对阅读者心理影响方面上，脱离了被批评对象的本身，从而沦为了单一的印象论。

英美文学中的新批评理论认为单纯依靠阅读者的感觉，会使阅读者产生相对的阅读错觉即带入阅读者已有的自我认知来干扰对作品进行正确的、客观的文学批评。

英语专业论文(5篇)

英语专业论文(5篇)英语专业论文(5篇)英语专业论文范文第1篇1.专业老师英语教学阅历不足，教学热忱不高。

国内大多数高校的专业英语老师始终由本专业老师担当，专业老师一般是非师范类院校毕业，虽然专业功底深厚，但英语教学技巧与水平有限，教学仅停留在专业英语课文阅读与重点句子翻译层面。

老师过分注意科研，忽视教学，没有全身心地投入教学，教学责任心不强，老师在专业英语教学上应付了事，教学质量差。

目前，专业英语老师采纳的教学方法多是传统的"一言堂、填鸭式'教学模式，缺少吸取新学问、提高学术水平的热忱和动力。

2.同学英语水平参差不齐，学习爱好不高。

国内农业院校绝大多数同学英语基础相对较差，英语水平参差不齐，英语基础差的同学学习专业英语很吃力，再加上对专业英语的重要性熟悉不够，学习爱好不高，简单产生厌倦心情。

有的同学专业词汇功底浅，很少并且很难进行外文资料的翻译和阅读，不能够准时猎取国际性的本专业的最新讨论动态。

3.教学内容设置不合理，教学形式平凡。

当前，各院校开设的园艺专业英语课程与综合性学术英语之间缺乏连接性，英语课程大多围绕专业英语词汇及文章内容的讲解，这种教学内容设置忽视了对同学专业英语技能层面和语言层面力量的综合培育。

各高校所用的教材主要有自选原版英文教材和自行选编教材两种形式，自编教材内容编排过于古板、陈旧，还有的教材内容难度偏高或者涉及的专业内容过于简洁，不能满意专业要求。

再有，各高校通常采纳传统的"填鸭式'教学模式，偏重于老师的讲解，教学内容枯燥，教学形式单一，忽视了同学的主动性和制造性，同学学习的乐观性不高，同学只是被动接受学问。

这种教学形式比较死板，同学无法参加到教学过程中，扼杀了同学的学习爱好与英语语感的培育，最终导致我国专业英语缺乏创新性的局面。

二、本项园艺专业英语教学改革特色与成效在园艺专业英语教学实践中尝试了一系列园艺专业英语教学改革并取得了肯定成效，详细改革如下。

英文学术论文范文英文学术论文范文范例(优秀7篇)

英文学术论文范文英文学术论文范文范例（优秀7篇）推荐英文学术论文篇一会议相关事项：1、正式开会时间为：20某某年8月17-19日。

16日下午报到。

2、会议语言为中文和英文。

有同声翻译。

会议日程安排和具体资料请见本会专用网站：3、基金会承担您参加会议期间的午餐。

没有会务费。

其他费用自理(如果需要大会筹备组代订宾馆，请在报名时标明)。

4、诚请您在收到邀请函后即登录会议网站进行网上报名，也可用传真形式通知(参会回执可从网上获取)。

推荐英文学术论文篇二，关于某某大学第三届研究生国际学术会议的通知为了进一步营造科学研究氛围，开拓研究生国际学术视野，搭建研究生展示科研成果的平台，提升研究生研究能力、学术水平和国际交流能力，定于20某某年11月18-20日举办某某大学第三届研究生国际学术会议。

现将有关事项通知如下：本次研究生国际学术会议由某某大学研究生院主办，国际教育学院等相关学院协办。

成立第三届研究生国际学术会议组织委员会负责具体组织工作。

组委会成员如下：组长：江驹副组长：刘丽琳范祥涛王亚彤成员：沈星黄金泉赖际舟刘少斌左敦稳汪涛葛红娟刘友文张卓李栗燕屈雅红刘长江于敏王箭秘书：张廷赟沈楠郑珺子20某某年11月18日-20日中国某某某某大学㈠征稿范围本次国际学术会议征稿对象为某某大学硕、博士研究生（含留学生）、国内其他高校硕、博士研究生（含留学生）、国外研究生。

㈡投稿时间国外研究生投稿时间为20某某年6月10日-8月31日国内研究生（含留学研究生）投稿时间为20某某年6月10日-10月1日。

㈢投稿要求1、本次学术会议论文投稿领域分航空宇航、机械、信息、材料、人文经管、其他共六大类。

论文要求为原创研究成果，论文内容不涉密、不涉及政治与宗教问题。

2、本次学术会议以研究生提交英文论文、大会英文发言交流形式参会。

所有未正式发表的论文均可投稿，长度不限。

㈣评审时间1、会议形式本次会议官方用语为英语，会议分大会交流和分组交流，组委会将选出不超过10篇论文参加大会英文发言交流，其余所有录用论文将在分会场进行交流发言。

英语小组讨论作文模板

英语小组讨论作文模板英文回答：Introduction:Welcome everyone to our English discussion. Today, wewill be discussing the topic of [topic]. This is a complex and multifaceted topic, and there are many different perspectives on it. We will try to approach the topic froma variety of angles, and we encourage everyone to sharetheir thoughts and ideas.Body:1. Historical Context:Provide a brief overview of the history of the topic. Discuss how the topic has evolved over time.Identify any key events or figures that have shaped the development of the topic.2. Different Perspectives:Present the different perspectives on the topic.Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective.Explain how these perspectives have influenced the way the topic is understood.3. Current Issues and Debates:Identify the current issues and debates related to the topic.Discuss the different arguments and evidence that support each side of the debate.Analyze the implications of these issues and debatesfor the future.4. Personal Reflections:Share your personal thoughts and experiences related to the topic.Explain how the topic has affected your life or the lives of others.Offer your own insights and perspectives on the topic.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of the discussion.Highlight any areas of agreement and disagreement.Suggest future directions for research and discussion on the topic.Encourage everyone to continue to engage in thoughtful and respectful dialogue about the topic.中文回答：引言：欢迎大家参加我们的英语讨论小组。

关于小组学习英文作文

关于小组学习英文作文英文回答：Group learning is a collaborative approach to education where students work together in small groups to achieve a common goal. This approach can be highly beneficial for language learning, providing opportunities for students to engage in meaningful conversation, receive feedback, and support each other's learning.One of the key advantages of group learning is the opportunity for interaction. Students can actively participate in discussions, ask questions, and share their ideas and opinions. This collaborative environment promotes the development of oral communication skills, as students are encouraged to express themselves clearly and confidently.Another benefit of group learning is the provision of feedback. Students can receive constructive criticism andsuggestions from their peers, helping them identify areasfor improvement and enhance their understanding of the language. The exchange of feedback fosters self-reflection and encourages students to take ownership of their learning.Furthermore, group learning fosters a sense of community and belonging. Students feel supported and encouraged to participate, knowing that they have a team of peers working alongside them. This positive and inclusive environment can motivate students and make the learning process more enjoyable.In addition to these benefits, group learning can also promote autonomy and independence. Students are given opportunities to take initiative, make decisions, and solve problems within their groups. This empowers them to develop their critical thinking skills and become more responsible for their own learning.However, it is important to note that group learning may not be suitable for all students or learning styles. Some students may prefer to work independently or may feeluncomfortable participating in group discussions. Additionally, group dynamics can sometimes be challenging, and conflicts or disagreements may arise.Overall, group learning can be a valuable approach to enhancing language learning outcomes. By providing opportunities for interaction, feedback, and collaboration, group learning supports the development of communication skills, promotes understanding, and fosters a positive and supportive learning environment.中文回答：小组学习是一种协作式的教育方式，学生们在一个小组内合作，共同完成一个既定的目标。

小组怎么写的英文作文

小组怎么写的英文作文英文：As a group, we usually start by brainstorming ideas and discussing the topic at hand. We each share our thoughts and opinions, and try to find common ground. Once we have a general idea of what we want to write about, we assign different sections to each member and set a deadline for completion.During the writing process, we communicate regularly through group chats or video calls to ensure that everyone is on the same page and to provide feedback on each other's work. We also make sure to proofread and edit each other's sections to ensure that the overall flow and coherence of the essay is maintained.After the first draft is completed, we come together to review and make any necessary revisions. We also make sure that the essay meets all the requirements and guidelinesprovided by the prompt.Overall, our group works collaboratively and efficiently to produce a well-written and cohesive essay.中文：作为一个小组，我们通常会先进行头脑风暴，讨论所要写的主题。

学术会议英语作文模板

学术会议英语作文模板英文回答：Introduction。

Academic conferences play a pivotal role in fostering intellectual exchange, advancing research, and disseminating knowledge within the academic community. They provide a platform for scholars, researchers, and professionals to share their findings, engage in discussions, and collaborate with peers. As a participant at an academic conference, it is essential to understand the general format and etiquette to ensure a productive and enjoyable experience.Preparation。

Register and Submit an Abstract: The first step is to register for the conference and submit an abstract of your research or project. The abstract should provide a briefoverview of your work, its significance, and the key findings.Prepare Presentation Slides: If your abstract is accepted, you will be asked to prepare a presentation for the conference. Your presentation should be clear, concise, and engaging. Visual aids such as slides or handouts can enhance your presentation and make it more impactful.Network and Engage: Conferences offer an excellent opportunity to connect with other scholars in your field. Take advantage of the social events, coffee breaks, and receptions to introduce yourself, share your work, and learn from others.Conference Etiquette。

英语学术论文写作

英语学术论文写作Project3 如何避免剽窃、直接引用和间接引用的方法I．释义练习A.The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation. This radiation consists of subatomic particles traveling at or near the velocity of light—186,000miles per second. They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer. If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.B.Technology has significantly transformed education at several major turning points in our history. In the broadest sense, the first technology was the primitive modes of communication used by prehistoric people before the development of spoken language. Mime, gestures, grunts, and drawing of figures in the sand with a stick were methods used to communicate—yes, even to educate. Even without speech, these prehistoric people were able to teach their young how to catch animals for food, what animals to avoid, which vegetarian was good to eat and which was poisonous.A.提纲：The principal risks associated with nuclear power is radiation._ subatomic particles traveling_penetrate deep inside the human body_damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer_cause genetic diseases in progeny释义：The radiation has a great effects on people's health,which from nuclear power and consists of subatomic particles traveling at or near the velocity of light.They can not only initiate a cancer through the damage of biological cells,but also cause genetic diseases through the strike of sex cellsB提纲：Technology has transformed education at several turning points.the first technology_the primitive modes of communication释义：Technology has transformed education at several turning points. The first technology was the primitive modes of communication.The way people communicate include mime, gestures, grunts, and drawing of figures even to educate. The methods above can help our ancestors survive in the nature.II．概述练习In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As familiesmove away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will betrustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any other generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who haveaccurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.第二段：Controlling idea: The growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ.Controlling idea question: What impact was leaded because of the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ?Answers(supporting details or evidence):1.cut off the informal flow of information2.cut off information about the simplest aspects of living3.family must be consciously learned.Summary: The growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱhad a great influence,which cut off the informal flow of informationand information about the simplest aspects of living ,result in their must be consciously learned.第四段：Controlling idea: The development of technologies make people getting more information Controlling idea question:How does technology promote the storage and delivery of information?Answers(supporting details or evidence):/doc/d916400742.html,puter technology store vast amounts of data and locate specific information.2.Telecommunications developments send multitudes of messages to bombard people .3. Satellites have extended the power of communications.Summary:The development of technologies promote thestorage and delivery of information,computer technology could store vast amounts of data and locate specific information,telecommunications developments could send multitudes of messages to bombard people ,and satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence,so that people can get more information.III．文献结论部分概述A post-processing software receiver concept for the LLCD backup ground station was presented. Descriptions of the detector and data acquisition assemblies were given, along with overviews of the signal processing algorithms needed to deliver channel estimates and decoded telemetry data. Monte-Carlo simulation results showing receiver performance were presented, and it was shown via simulation that the post-processing receiver concept is capable of closing the LLST-LLOT link with just one sample per slot in the presence of significant downlink slot clock dynamics. The minimum data rate requirement of 39 Mbps was shown to be achievable in the laboratory under nominal background conditions by using the tungsten-silicide super conducting nanowire detector array currently under development at JPL.Controlling idea:A post-processing software receiver concept for the LLCD backup ground station.Controlling idea question:What areas of the post-processing software receiver for the LLCD backup ground station reflected ?Answers(supporting details or evidence):1.The signal processing algorithms needed to deliver channel estimates and decoded telemetry data.2. The post-processing receiver concept is capable of closing the LLST-LLOT link with just one sample per slot.3. The minimum data rate requirement of 39 Mbps was shown to be achievable in the laboratory . Summary: A post-processing software receiver concept for the LLCD backup ground station was presented. The signal processing algorithms needed to deliver channel estimates and decoded telemetry data and it was shown via simulation that the post-processing receiver concept is capable of closing the LLST-LLOT link with just one sample per slot in the presence of significant downlink slot clock dynamics.The minimum data rate requirement of 39 Mbps was shown to be achievable in the laboratory.。

英语学术论文写作范文学术英语写作范文17篇

英语学术论文写作范文学术英语写作范文17篇Sample 1Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureWhen the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans? ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.First of all, native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages1words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas,Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native Americaninfluence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with NativeAmericans. Art if another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured2part of U.S. culture.In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area inwhich Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and croprotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”,had developed a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nationshad joined together in a confederation3called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under th e league, eachnation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had wontheir independence from Britain,someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly what百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆happened. As a result, the presentfrom of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native4Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture.Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureI. IntroductionThesis statement:___________________________________________________________ II. BodyA. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and statesa. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabamab. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane2. Names of animals and plantsa. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunkb. Plants: tobacco, squashB._____________________________________________________________1. Navajo rugs2. Silver and turquoise jewelry3.5______________________________________________________________a. Potteryb._____________________________________________________c._____________________________________________________c.______________________________________________________________1. Farming techniquesa._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________a._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________6D. _1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches (“nations”) Needed to settle disputes among various branches2. Five nations formed League of Iroquoisa._________________________________________________b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.b.______________________________________________________III. Conclusion___________________________________________________________百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 2:At the MoviesYou Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!71 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on theaisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumesabout his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are “detached observers”-people who like to have their own space, who are observers and tend to be quieter. “That?s funny, because I?m a writer,” Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. atthe CineplexOdeon at Universal CityWalk. “So that?s what I do (observe people).” One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson?s Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:4 The “front row film fanatic”: Extroverted, assertive, and8competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others,not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers?s Austin Powers or Julia Roberts?s ErinBrockovich.5 The”middle-of-the-roaders”: These are the people wholike to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who areflexible and try to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow?s Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. “We like the middle because it?s not too far back and not too close to the front,” Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the “middle-of-the-roader” label seems to fit them because “we?re easygoing.”6 The “invisible rebels”: Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don?t necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is ClintEastwood?s Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver?s Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. “The back row is,where things happen; it?s an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching,” Dawson said in the Odeon report. “It tends to attract people who are rebellious.”97 For some people, though, sometimes a chair i s just a chair. “I don?t knowwherever there?s an empty seat,” said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. “That works for me.”Questions About the Organization1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesis statement.b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.2. What kind of conclusion does it have?a. It summarizes the four main personality types.b. It gives the writer?s opinion on the study.c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网10,您的在线图书馆pattern of organization?About the Support4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?_________ and _________5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?a. The psychologist used _b. The writer used _About the Content6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 3Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a newenvironment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new11sights, eating new food, hearing theforeign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns intodiscomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a newculture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs12of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make “small talk,” so it ishard to carry on a casual, get-acquaintedconversation. One day in the schoolcafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Arethey laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren?t always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn?t been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock13when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, thatyour landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have somesuccess in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You areable to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you cansuccessfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Yourself-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.14Concluding Paragraph A百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆To sum up, culture shock is a veryreal phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologist$. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negativefeelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land. Concluding Paragraph BIn conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the15difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Exercise:1. Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?2. Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesisstatement?3. Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 4: Cause and Effect百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 5: Cause and Effect16百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 6: Comparison百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 7: ComparisonCLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASEDTEACHINGSince the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this17essay sets out to examine the arguments on both sides and attemptsto draw conclusions from them.Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and18encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reasonfor this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sittingat home working on a computer may be economical, but clearly cannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments,or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used tosupport taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similarto ,universities of the air?, such as Britain?s OpenUniversity, which have developed distance learning so successfullyin the last 40 years.Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to develop on-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are19generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact ofthe classroom highly, despite its cost andinconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgentneed for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximise its advantages in the future.(Approximately 550 words)百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 8: Argument百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Now complete the outline of the model essay:Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough YearsI. Introduction (explanation of the issue)Thesis statement:20_______________________________________II. BodyA. Opposing argument 1Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.Rebuttal to argument 11. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results2. Other results that cannot be calculateda. Girls____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____b. Boys____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ______B. Opposing argument2____________________________________________________________21Rebuttal to argument 2_________________________________________________________a. Settling squabbles with siblingsb. Negotiating with opposite-sex parent百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆C. Opposing argument 3_________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 3___________________________________________________________a._______________________________________________________b. Teachers call on boys more oftenIII.Conclusion1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environmentReasonsa. Boys and girls___________________________________________________22_____________________________________________________________________________ ______ b.Girl________________________________________________________________ _____ c. Boys____________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________ __3.____________________________________________________________________ _____百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 9A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce;23nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society,is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanationsfor the …divorce phenomenon? and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be arguedthat the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do notnecessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married24couples with …access to a legal solution to pre-existentmarital problems? (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes inthe legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place.It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart?s explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur25in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.The two explanations described above have very differentimplications for social policy,especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also beingdetermined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this riseis to make them less obtainable. This approach, oneimagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes.Furthermore, the百度搜索”就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网26,您的在线图书馆experience of social workers,working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple?s access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable inthe present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families27(McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause foroptimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broadersocio-economic one.Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of。

英语作文关于小组合作

英语作文关于小组合作英文回答：Group Collaboration: A Catalyst for Innovation and SuccessIn today's fast-paced and competitive world, the ability to collaborate effectively as a team has become an essential skill for organizations and individuals alike. Group collaboration fosters innovation, enhances productivity, and leads to exceptional outcomes. This essay explores the multifaceted benefits of group collaboration, highlighting its role as a catalyst for innovation and success.The Power of Diversity and InclusionOne of the most significant advantages of group collaboration is its ability to harness the diverseperspectives and experiences of individual members. When people with different backgrounds, skills, and viewpoints come together, they can generate a wider range of ideas and find creative solutions to complex problems. This diversity of thought stimulates innovation by challenging conventional wisdom and encouraging the exploration of unconventional approaches.Synergistic Effects and Collective IntelligenceWhen individuals work together towards a common goal, they create a synergistic effect that amplifies their collective intelligence. The sharing of knowledge, expertise, and ideas leads to a synthesis of perspectives that surpasses the capabilities of any individual. This collective intelligence enables teams to tackle ambitious projects, solve complex problems, and make more informed decisions.Enhanced Productivity and EfficiencyGroup collaboration can significantly enhance productivity and efficiency. By dividing tasks and responsibilities among team members, the workload is distributed evenly, reducing the burden on individual members. Additionally, collaboration fosters a sense of shared accountability, motivating team members to contribute their best efforts and meet deadlines. This collective effort leads to increased output and timely completion of projects.Building Stronger Relationships and TrustBeyond its impact on innovation and productivity, group collaboration also fosters stronger relationships and trust among team members. By working closely together, individuals have the opportunity to get to know each other better, understand their strengths and weaknesses, and develop a sense of camaraderie. Trust is built through open communication, collaboration on shared goals, and the willingness to support and learn from one another.ConclusionGroup collaboration is a powerful tool that can unlock innovation, enhance productivity, and strengthen relationships. Its ability to harness diverse perspectives, create synergistic effects, and foster trust makes it an indispensable element of success in modern organizations. By embracing the principles of group collaboration, individuals and teams can achieve extraordinary results that would be impossible to accomplish alone.中文回答：小组合作：创新和成功的催化剂在当今快节奏且充满竞争的时代，有效地进行团队合作已成为组织和个人的一项必备技能。

英语学术论文范文范文怎么写

英语学术论⽂范⽂范⽂怎么写学术论⽂是某⼀学术课题在实验性的科学记录，你们能够⽤英⽂写出来吗?下⾯是店铺带来英语学术论⽂优秀范⽂，希望对⼤家有帮助。

英语学术论⽂范⽂篇1：基于本⼟旅游⽂化的⼤学旅游英语教学研究 Study on College Tourism English Teaching Combining with Aba Local Tourism Culture Abstract：Boasting of rich，outstanding natural and cultural tourism resources，marvelous landscape，specific humanistic environment，Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is well-known to the world， which has been attracting ever-increasing tourists home and abroad with its unique charm，such as the fairy-land like natural scenery，mysterious Tibetan Buddhist culture，ancient Qiang’s Shibi (necromancer) culture， the Red Army’s Long March culture and so on. These rich natural and cultural tourism resources raise the economic benefits of cultural tourism development emphasis. Aba is an ethnic minority area leading with the tourism industry; after years of development，tourism has become the main source of income for the local ethnic minorities. More and more foreign tourists have been attracted into this area， particularly， Europe， the United States and other English-speaking countries have become the major source countries; a large number of high-qualified tourism professionals are in urgent need， and tourism English teaching plays a very important role for cultivating High quality talents who are both proficient in English， grasping high level tourism skills， and quite familiar with Aba tourism resources. This paper analyzes and puts forward some constructive measures on how to combine Aba tourism resources， local culture with college tourism English teaching. Key words： Aba tourism resources local culture college tourism English teaching Introduction： After joining WTO， China gets more and more intimacy communication opportunities with the world; has been attracting ever-increasing foreign tourists and foreign tourism industry is rapidly developing. However，the development of the tourism industry and excellent tourism practitioners can not be synchronized， particularly high quality foreign tourism practitioners are seriously lacking， which causing the deve lopment of China’s foreign tourism lag，especially the local tourism resources and cultural characteristics can not be good publicized. Most of the local colleges are in charge of cultivating qualified personnel for local economic development， many vocational colleges set up Tourism English major， but because of teaching conception， method and practice are old-fashioned and out of touch， it results in Tourism English graduates are unable to adapt to the development needs of the tourism industry， and not well for the local tourism economy. Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture boasts abundant tourism resources and unique ethnic culture，which needs more high quality tourism practitioners who are skilled with foreign communicative ability and having comprehensive local culture knowledge to publicize the local culture and bring to a great height of development. Thus， the local college tourism English teaching should attach great importance to the needs of penetrating the local tourism and culture， and combining the introduction of local characteristics and cultural tourism with English teaching has very important significance. 英语学术论⽂范⽂篇2：英语专业学⽣写作的影响因素及对策分析 Analyzing the Factors and Corresponding Measures for English Majors’ Writing 【Abstract】As we know， English writing is an important part of communicative competence. But for many English majors， it is hard to express their thoughts clearly. In order to find out the main problems and corresponding measures，the author analyzes many compositions written by English majors. With some academic opinions and the author’s own analysis， some problems existing in students’ writing are listed. According to the problems， the author summarizes some influencing factors. Finally， the author gives some relevant solutions. Through analyzing those samples， the author hopes it has some help for English majors’ writing. 【Key words】Writing;English major;Influencing factors;Effective measures 0 Introduction “English writing is a re-creation process where students use the knowledge of the language through thinking. So writing skills can reflect students’ language competence” (Bai 2009：99). But for many English majors，English writing is a difficulty for them. So many reasons have led to this kind of phenomenon. The author summarizes several types of mistakes that English majors often make， such as vocabulary mistakes，grammar mistakes. According to these problems，the author analyzes the influencing factors and tries to find suitable ways to solve this problem. 1 Influencing Factors 1.1 Vocabulary Mistakes Generally there are three kinds of vocabulary mistakes existing in English majors’ writing. They are spelling mistake，collocation mistake and part of speech problem. In the following part，they are discussed one by one. First，the spelling mistakes are common in their compositions. “Vocabulary is the requisite element of English writing” (He 2008：141). If students want to write a good composition to express their thoughts， they should grasp enough vocabulary and understand words correctly. However， most English majors do not learn vocabulary like that. For example， the words “indepadent” is not correct in spelling; the words “indepondance” and “independent” are not correct; the words “dapt”，“nowdays” are not spelled correctly. This is because students neglect the spelling when they learn the word at the beginning. What’s more， many students recite the word in accordance with pronunciation. Second，collocation mistakes occur frequently. Collocation is the key point of vocabulary learning. It plays a vital role in expressing the author’s intention. As we all know， the English collocation is very different from Chinese. Some students are used to thinking in Chinese and then directly translate Chinese into English literally. Such literal translations will definitely lead to mistakes. Generally speaking，the words do not appear isolated from others. That is to say， there are fixed about collocation between adjective and noun，verb and object noun etc. However，students often do not pay attention to this collocation and accumulate the words mechanically， leading to inappropriate expression in English. For example， “look dinner” and “leave earth” are not appropriate. 英语学术论⽂范⽂篇3：马丁. 路德.⾦《我有⼀个梦》的⽂体分析 Abstract: On the base of the definition of stylistics, this thesis gives a detailed analysis of some the of stylistic devices used in the famous speech by the well-known American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and then probes into the stylistic characteristics of speech as a style. Key words: Stylistics, Stylistic devices, analysis, speech. 马丁. 路德.⾦《我有⼀个梦》的⽂体分析摘要:本⽂⾸先阐述了⽂体学的定义,并在此基础上对对美国着名⿊⼈领袖马丁. 路德.⾦的着名演讲《我有⼀个梦》中所使⽤的⽂体⼿段进⾏了详尽的分析,进⽽对演讲⽂体的风格进⾏了简要的论述。

英语学术论文范文【可编辑版】

英语学术论文范文英语学术论文范文英语学术论文范文：1. TitleStrategies of Oral English Teahing in Senior ShoolsThesis StatementThe urrent soial bakgrounds hih make Oral English bee an important part in the English learning proess are urgent. Teahers in senior shools alas enounter man problems in their Oral English teahing. This stud disusses the major auses, and gives some reative solutions to them.3. Purposes and Signifiane of StudIn reent ears it has been argued on both linguisti and pshologial grounds that Oral English should be the prinipal objetive in English teahing. Most textbooks plae emphasis more on Oral English in that the embod a methodolog that is largel oral. The urrent problems that appear in Oral English teahing in senior shools are the greatest obstales hih prevent students from learning English ell. With the globalization of soial life and eonom, the proess of opening up to the outside bees quikl, to a ertain extent, the requirements for the ultivation of Oral English are instant.This stud ill help senior teahers and learners analze the potential problems and speifi methods to deal ith.4. Situation of StudCorder vies his opinions that the seond language aquisition provides to the researher evidene of ho languageis learned or aquired, hat strategies or proedures the learners are emploing in his disover of the language.Segaloitz and Gatbouton take their vie as that language learning partiularl the oral petene has begun to fous on the teahing strategies.Goffman points out that oral talking is often organized into to-part exhanges, this organizing prinipal follos from the ver fundamental requirements of oral speeh as a muniation sstem. The Teahing Sllabus stipulates that Band One requires senior shool students to retell main ideas based on the general meaning of the passages, and an do some introdution about famil, friends, or lass b using simple sentenes and expressions. Band To desribes that students an anser questions and disuss aording to the text effiientl. It also requires students to do dail talk about soiet, ulture and siene hih related to the text in the textbooks.The High Shool English Standards stipulates that Band Six requires senior shool students to do dail onversations and express on opinions on the given topis. Students an desribepersonal experienes and express oneself appropriatel on some speifi oasions. Band Eight stresses that students an make a3-minute speeh based on simple topis b preparation in a short time, and do some simple translations in dail life.Theories about ho e teah oral English reflet our vie of the nature of language. A deeper understanding of the effets of muniative needs on non-native speaker disourse should make us more understanding of our students diffiulties inpratising their Oral English. It is generall aepted that English plas an important part in the basi eduation ourses, and even in the advaned eduation. In the past, English teahing laid great emphasis on the grammatial strutures instead of Oral English teahing. This leads to some serious problems that most learners in China have studied English for more ten ears, et the annot muniate ith native English speakers naturall. The probabl lak the language environment, and most of them have no opportunities to pratie their English orall in lass. Furthermore, teahers, some of hom annot have ver good oral English, in some bakard and remote areas of China, are not qualified. These ertainl leave students the diret impat on the motivation of English learning.5. Diffiult of StudIt is a little bit hard for senior students to spend some time everda to pratie their Oral English beause of the heav pressure of the entrane examination to ollege. Meanhile, in vie of the test-oriented sstem in China, teahers often emphasize a lot on preparing lesson plans for their students. Moreover, the solutions that offered in this stud annot be put into pratie easil. Colleting the materials andinformation is another diffiult thing for m limited time energ.6. Outline1. IntrodutionTheoretial Frameork1 Foreign Language Methodologies2 The Requirements of the High Shool English Standards3 Theories of the seond language aquisition4 Motivations for Senior Students English Learning3. The Causes of the Problems3.1 Students Fators in Their Oral English Learning3.1.1 Lak of Language Environment3.1.2 Fe Opportunities to Contat ith English3.1.3 Lak of Confidene and Creativit1.4 The Impat of Pshologial Obstales3.2 Teahers Fators in Their Oral English Teahing 3.1 Less profiien in teahers oral English3.2 Poor Teahing Theories and Strategies3.3 The Traditional Teahing Modes3.3 Administrators Problems3.3.1 Large Class3.3.2 The Current English Test Sstem4. Solutions4.1 The solutions to Students Problems4.1.1 Cultivation of Language Environment4.1.2 Creation of More Chanes to Pratie Oral English 4.1.1 Reitation Method4.2 Step-b-step Method4.1.3 Finding the fixed partners to pratie4.1.3 Fostering Self-onfidene and Creativit4.2 The Solutions to Teahers Problems4.1 Professionalism for Teahers Oral English4.2 Attempt of Ne Teahing Theories and Strategies 4.1 Model-based Method4.2 Theme-based Method4.3 Question Anser Method4.4 Interative Approah4.5 Group Ativities4.6 Role pla7 Disussion and Debate4.8 The Art of Correting Mistakes4.3 The Solutions to Governments Eduation Poli4.3.1 Small Class4.3.2 The Reform of English Test Sstem5. ConlusionBibliograph Rihards, J. J. The Context of Language Teahing. Beijing：Foreign Language and Researh Press, 201X Robins, R. H. General Linguistis. Beijing：Foreign Language and Researh Press, 201X 成云.心理学. 成都：四川大学出版社, 201X 胡春洞.英语教学法. 北京：高等教育出版社,90 刘家坊. 教育学. 成都：四川大学出版社，201X中国教育部. 全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲. 北京：人民教育出版社, 201X 钟启泉. 外语教育展望. 上海：华东师范大学出版社, 2001以上这篇英语学术论文范文为您介绍到这里，希望它对您有帮助。

英文学术论文写作

英文学术论文写作学术论文写作用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流;二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。

不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。

了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。

对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。

用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。

关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。

此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。

一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：Title(标题)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(关键词)Table of contents(目录)Nomenclature(术语表)Introduction(引言)Method(方法)Results(结果)Discussion(讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。

在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。

也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。

因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。

学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。

学术英语论文范文精选3篇(全文)

学术英语论文范文精选3篇评价系统（The pprisl Systems）是对系统功能语言学的新进展。

系统功能语言学以系统功能语法为基础。

评价理论是在20世纪90年代对澳大利亚新南威尔士的中学和其他场所语文水平研究的基础上进展起来的。

该研究由Mrtin指导，Croline Coffin，Rick Iedem，Henrike Korner，Dvid Rose，Robert Vee 和Peter White 参与。

这项研究是“写得得体”（Write It Right）科研项目的一部分。

评价理论包括三大次系统：态度，介入和级差。

三大次系统又可以次系统化。

态度系统指对文本，人类行为和现象所作出的推断。

态度有积极和消极之分。

任何句子都传递者积极和消极的评价。

态度可以明确或者含蓄的表达。

态度是指向文化的并与读者的意识形态相关。

态度可以通过表品质的词来表达，如hppy；可以通过心理过程和行为过程来表达，如like；通过情态状语表达，如hppily。

态度包含三个系范畴：情感系统、推断系统和鉴赏系统。

推断系统又可分为社会评判和社会约束。

鉴赏系统又可分为：反应、构成和价值。

介入系统深受Bkhtin （1981，1986）对话性和多语性的影响。

从这个意义层面上讲，介入资源是一种方式，通过这种方式说话者或XX自己介入对话中，一定程度上展示加入、承认、回应、挑战或拒绝其他XX或说话者的声音，或者对其他说话者或XX的回应做出可能的预期。

介入分为对话扩展和对话紧缩。

对话扩展又可次系统化为包容和归属；对话紧缩可次系统化为弃言和借言。

介入可以通过情态词、言剧性表达、模糊语等来实现，如my，it is sid tht等。

级差系统是对态度介入的程度的分级资源，包含语势和聚焦。

语势有强势和弱势之分，聚焦有明显和模糊之分。

级差可以通过一些表程度的词来实现，如some，plusible等。

3.语料本项研究的语料是60篇英文4.研究结果及分析本研究分别从三个次系统对语料进行分析：态度，介入，级差。

学术英语论文范文

学术英语论文范文Abstract:The rapid proliferation of social media has revolutionized the way adolescents interact and communicate. This study aims to explore the multifaceted impact of social media on adolescent mental health, considering the potential benefits and drawbacks. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and a cross-sectional survey of 500 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old.Introduction:The digital age has ushered in a new era of social interaction, with social media platforms becoming integral to the daily lives of many adolescents. While these platforms offer opportunities for connection and self-expression, concerns have been raised regarding their potential impact on mental health. This paper delves into the complexrelationship between social media use and adolescent mental health, examining both positive and negative outcomes.Methods:A literature review was conducted to identify existing research on the topic. This was followed by a cross-sectional survey distributed to a diverse sample of adolescents. The survey included questions about social media use, mental health indicators, and demographic information. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis, while qualitative data fromopen-ended questions were thematically analyzed.Results:The results indicate that social media use is associated with both positive and negative mental health outcomes. On the positive side, social media can foster a sense of community and support, which is particularly beneficial for adolescents who may feel isolated in their offline lives. However, excessive use of social media was linked to increased levelsof anxiety, depression, and body image issues. Therelationship between social media use and mental health was found to be moderated by factors such as the type of content consumed, the purpose of use, and individual personality traits.Discussion:The findings highlight the need for a nuanced understandingof the impact of social media on adolescent mental health. While social media can be a valuable tool for social support and self-expression, it is crucial to address the potential risks associated with excessive use. Interventions shouldfocus on promoting healthy social media habits, such assetting time limits, engaging in positive online interactions, and fostering critical media literacy skills.Conclusion:The study contributes to the growing body of literature onthe impact of social media on adolescent mental health by providing a multidimensional analysis of both its benefitsand drawbacks. It underscores the importance of a balanced approach to social media use, recognizing its potential forpositive engagement while also being vigilant about its potential to negatively affect mental well-being.Keywords: Social Media, Adolescent Mental Health, Multidimensional Analysis, Digital Age, Mental Health Outcomes。

英语学术论文写作(第三版)--第2章--Research Proposal

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Chapter Two Part One: Research Proposal Writing
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1. Definition of Research Proposal
Research proposal is a brief (up to two pages or more) overview of your research paper, giving the reader sufficient information about the work you have done, about the way you did it and the value of this work.
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3. Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing
The following are the common mistakes in proposal writing.
●Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question. ● Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research. ● Failure to cite landmark studies. ● Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by other researchers. ● Failure to stay focused on the research question.

英语学术论文写作

英语学术论文写作学术论文的概念及分类学术论文（Research Papers）又称科学论文或研究论文，是对某一学科领域中的课题进行探讨、研究，表达新的科学研究成果或创见的文章，简称“论文”。

论文的突出特点科学性、创新性、学术性、专业性、实用性。

一般说来在论文写作过程中，既重视运用，又重视理论分析。

学术论文包括各学科领域中专业人员所写的论文和学生写的学业论文（即学年论文、毕业论文和学位论文）以及报告类论文。

不同专业的科技论文的内容和表示形式不尽相同。

可将论文分为理论型、实验型和描述型三种。

理论型论文的主要研究方法是理论分析；实验型论文的主要研究方法是设计实验、实验过程研究和实验结果分析；描述型论文的主要研究方法是描述说明，目的是介绍新发现的事物或现象及其所具有的科学价值，重点说明这一新事物是什么现象或不是什么现象。

学术论文的特点学术论文具有清楚、确切，和简明、直接的特点，尽力使文字简练，用最少的字句把意思表达清楚。

同时要客观、朴素，大多用第三人称（文内人称要统一）。

常用被动式语气，避免用俗语、土话、口语等，能肯定的不用“maybe”、“probably”。

引用他人注意不要把别人的结果说成像是自己的结果；与别人比较时，不用苛刻狡辩的语气；对于别人的研究工作进行评论，应该就事实和文字进行讨论，不可有推测别人的动机的口气。

在论文里，不需要用一些华丽的或是带情感的词句。

比喻要视论文性质而定。

通俗读物，初级教科书或非正式的科技文章中，有时用些比喻来帮助叙述科学理论，可使普通读者感兴趣、容易看懂。

科技期刊所发表的科技论文通常是严格限制用比喻的。

不应把比喻和类比相混淆，类比是科学研究工作中常用的推理方法。

在论文要使用恰当的假说，假说必须有实验可以证明。

不能夸大结论，因果关系要明确。

不能主观臆断，不要把假定当作结论，不要把未经证实的意见当作真实的。

名词的定义应清楚、确切。

对于专业名词，如果不知道它的确切含义，万勿随便使用。

英语小组合作论文(精选3篇)

英语小组合作论文(精选3篇）英语小组合作论文（1）一、选择合适的合作时机要进行新课改热潮下的初中英语合作教学就应该选择合适的合作时机。

选择合适的合作时机就是指老师在进行初中英语小组合作教学时，选择一个可以进行小组合作学习的机会，不能任何时候都进行小组合作学习。

在整个一堂英语课的教学活动当中，不是任何时候都可以进行小组合作探讨学习，教师要利用好最佳的时机让学生进行小组合作，这样才能使初中英语的小组合作教学效果得到增强。

例如，我们学校的老师在教学内容、讨论方法上都会选择合适的时机，让学生进行交流和讨论，这样就会使教学效果事半功倍，让学生感觉到自己才是整个英语课堂的驾驭者。

这样不仅能够培养学生的合作意义和团结合作能力，还增强了初中英语教学效果，提高了初中英语的教学质量。

所以，选择合适的合作时机也是新课程改革热潮下初中英语小组合作教学的技巧之一。

二、采用科学的评价方法新课改热潮下的初中英语小组合作教学技巧，除了要进行合理的分组以及选择合适的合作时机之外，还需要采用科学的评级方法。

采用科学的评价方法能够提升初中英语小组合作教学的效果。

同时，采用科学的'、多样化的评价方法，能够调动学生学习的积极性和引发学生学习初中英语的兴趣。

我们都知道，教师的评价是对学生最好的鼓励，是学生进步的动力。

例如我校在进行评选的时候，特别注意评选的方式，实行学习小组评价、激励的机制。

其评价遵循的原则是小组是一个集体，考核时考核整个小组，注意整体考察，并且以激励为主。

评价的内容包括四个方面：预习环节、课堂展示、检测反馈、拓展延伸，每周都要进行评价，同时还要与小组激励机制相结合，提高学生的团队合作意识和学习效率。

新课改热潮下的初中英语小组合作教学这种模式，不仅适应了时代发展的要求，而且提高了初中英语课堂的教学效率，同时极大地调动了学生学习初中英语的积极性，从而提高了学生团队合作能力，是符合时代发展的一种新型的教学模式。

但是在实施这种新型的教学模式的时候，还应该讲究一定的技巧，文章从三个方面来阐述新课改热潮下初中英语小组合作学习技巧，对初中英语教学有着一定的积极的意义。

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Application of UV curing resin in solid formingZhou tianwei, Liao pengcai，Shi hongda，Wang wenfeng，M ei zhouxiang，Jin rui, Yuan yifanAbstract：Rapid prototyping technology is developed in the 1980s a new forming technology, rapid prototyping is based on the discrete material, accumulation and the principle of hierarchical data processing method, first of all through the relevant software will physical model into digital information or the use of 3D scanning instrument, the physical model is transformed into a three-dimensional digital model, then the computer to the original 3D model into a series of layers, then the nozzle according to the computer to set the data layers of manufacturing metal deposition. key words：Rapid prototyping technology,3D scanning instrument,Solid forming IntroductionMaterialsThe ramp test patterns in were printed with trimethylolpropane triacrylate(TMPTA) using the photoinitiator,diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl) phosphine oxide.Other objects were printed with a combination of monomers from Sartomer (CN2920 & CN981), TMPTA, and reactive diluents such as n-vinylpyrrolidone, isobornyl acrylate,and cyclohexane dimethanol di-vinyl ether.We also utilized the photoinitiators,phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl) phosphine oxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone,and 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4'-morpholinobutyrophenone along with an assortmentof dyes from Wikoff and Mayzo.MethodsThe dead zone thickness is measured with a differential thickness technique.As shown in Fig. S3A, a 200 µm aluminum shim is placed between an impermeable glass slide and an oxygen permeable Teflon AF 2400 window. Liquid resin is then sandwiched.between these two rigid planes and receives sequences of exposure pulses (1 sec on / 1sec off for 20 pulses) from the continuous liquid interface printing (CLIP) imaging unit.A thickness indicator is then used to measure the cured thickness on the glass slide,which is subtracted from 200 µm to give the equilibrium dead zone thickness. Multiple dots are cured with the same conditions to increase statistics. The precisionof the thickness indicator is 0.5 μm.Cured thickness is measured in a similar way as shown in Fig. S3B. Resin is placed on a glass slide and illuminated from below with varying dosage from the CLIP imaging unit. Excess resin is then wiped away and the thickness of each dot is measured with a thickness indicator. Both the resin cure dosage and absorption coefficient are independent fit parameters and are determined from this measurement. Translation of this measurement, which disregards the dead zone, to CLIP is justified because the dead zone.Rapid Prototyping, RPFig. . A variety of parts can be fabricated using CLIP. (A) Micropaddles with stems 50 mm in diameter. (B) Eiffel Towermodel, 10 cm tall. (C) A shoe cleat >20 cm in length. Even in large parts,fine detail is achieved, as shown in the inset of (B) where features <1 mm in size are obtained. The micropaddles were printed at 25 mm/hour; the Eiffel Tower model andshoe cleat were printed at 100 mm/hour.Stereo Lithography Appearance,SLAThe software to the digital model of "3D" into Several planes, which form a number of sections, at work Sometimes, there is a platform that can be raised, and there is a liquid around the platform.Body groove, the groove is filled with ultraviolet radiation curing of the liquid, purple Outside laser will start from the bottom, the bottom of the curing, and then the platform Move, solidify the next layer, and so forth, until the final form.Fused Deposition Modeling,FDMThis technique is more accurate and more in physical strength,Can be color molding, but after forming the surface roughness.FDM fast The cost of the system is low, and the system is not expensive.The price of the laser is lower; the FDM prototype is especially suitable for Having the structure of the gap, it can save material and molding time; the volume is small, No pollution is an ideal desktop manufacturing system in the office environment, The forming speed is slow and the accuracy is lower.Selective Laser Sintering, SLSDechard Carl from University of Texas-Austin. In 1989, after the development of the United States DTM company launched in 1992 SLS SinterStationt process for commercial production equipment of the process Selective sintering of powder materials into solid parts by CO 2 laser Method of forming, the process of this method is suitable for forming small, can be directly Get plastic, ceramic or metal products. At present, SLS's powder burns The material is made of nylon, metal powder, ceramic powder material, Nano composite materials, etc. SLS molding method has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, high degree of flexibility,Material selection is wide, material price is cheap, the cost is low, the material is good.High rate, high forming speed and so on. SLS is suitable for many fields, such as prototype design verification,Die casting mold, mold, automotive and other industries in many fast In rapid prototyping method, selective laser sintering is widely used in the field of forming the metal parts, which is widely used in the process of direct machining.Wide selection range, and other unique advantages, has become a large number of scientific research institutions And the research of the scholars, the development of it is more and more attention.Laminated Object Manufacturing,LOMFeygin Michael.LOM (Object Manufacturing LOM) is one of the most mature rapid prototyping manufacturing technology in 1986, which has been developed rapidly since 1991, and has been developed rapidly in the.LOM industry, such as paper and plastic film. The quality, therefore has received widespread attention in the visualization of product conceptual design, design evaluation, assembly inspection, investment casting core sand casting mold, rapid molding mold and molding directly and rapidly.Conclusion3D Systems Charles, Hull MakerBot, who invented the first 3D printer in 1984, has two weights - Replicator 2 and 2X. Replicator in a simple desktop application driven by the CAD file "print" into a kind. In manufacturing, especially in the processing industry, as a typical traditional processing method, the term is different from new additions in recent years.Retronym.3D printing is not manufacturing technology and the formation of new technology in this century, the idea originated in nineteenth Century in the United States, and to the development and promotion of rapid prototyping technology in 1980s the United States Army, but recently began to fever. China Wulian school enterprises alliance called it "the last century thought, on a the technology of this century". The market is different from traditional manufacturing, 3D printing can be produced inexpensively, not because of the manufacture of large quantities of goods and lead to waste, and has environmental protection potential, therefore, many people think that 3D printing technology will lead the manufacturing revolution, what To change the world. In the 3D printing technology can print organs, cars, airplanes today, it is still creating unlimited possibilities.ReferenceD. Dendukuri, P. Panda, R. Haghgooie, J. M. Kim, T. A. Hatton, P. S. Doyle, Modeling ofoxygen-inhibited free radical photopolymerization in a PDMS microfluidic device.Macromolecules 41, 8547–8556 (2008). doi:10.1021/ma801219wE. B. Duoss et al., Three-dimensional printing of elastomeric, cellular architectures withnegative stiffness. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 4905–4913 (2014).Edwin Kee. 3D Printer Generates Synthetic Human Tissue. ( 2013-04-04) /2013/04/3d-printer-generates-synthetic-tissue/Huang Hanyu..( 2013-04-27)./12/32130_1.htmlhttp:// cn.nytimes .com/article/business/2013/02/23/c23threed/I. Gibson, D. W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies:RapidPrototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing (Springer, New York, 2010).J. L. Erkal, A. Selimovic, B. C. Gross, S. Y. Lockwood, E. L. Walton, S. McNamara, R. S.Martin, D. M. Spence, 3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated versatile andreusable electrodes. Lab Chip 14, 2023–2032 (2014). Medline doi:10.1039/C4LC00171KJ. Bauer, S. Hengsbach, I. Tesari, R. Schwaiger, O. Kraft, High-strength cellular ceramiccomposites with 3D microarchitecture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 2453–2458(2014). doi:10.1073/pnas.1315147111Liu Y X, Li D C, Lu B H, et al. The customized mandible substitutebased on rapid prototyping. Rapid Prototyping. 2003, 9(3):167-174M. M.Biener, Q. Ge, J. A. Jackson, S. O. Kucheyev, N. X. Fang, C. M. Spadaccini, Ultralight,ultrastiff mechanical metamaterials. Science 344, 1373–1377 (2014). Medlinedoi:10.1126/science.1252291S. C. Ligon, B. Husár, H. Wutzel, R. Holman, R. Liska, Strategies to reduce oxygen inhibition in photoinduced polymerization. Chem. Rev. 114, 557–589 (2014). Medlinedoi:10.1021/cr3005197/yzyd/fortune/20130527/c_115924936.htm?prolongation= 1S. C. Ligon, B. Husár, H. Wutzel, R. Holman, R. Liska, Strategies to reduce oxygen inhibition in photoinduced polymerization. Chem. Rev. 114, 557–589 (2014). Medlinedoi:10.1021/cr3005197S. C. Ligon, B. Husár, H. Wutzel, R. Holman, R. Liska, Strategies to reduce oxygen inhibition in photoinduced polymerization. Chem. Rev. 114, 557–589 (2014). Medlinedoi:10.1021/cr3005197/a/20130516/006317.htm#p=5/a/20130516/006317.htm#p=9T. A. Schaedler, A. J. Jacobsen, A. Torrents, A. E. Sorensen, J. Lian, J. R. Greer, L. Valdevit,W. B. Carter, Ultralight metallic microlattices. Science 334, 962–965 (2011). MedlineT. C. Merkel, I. Pinnau, R. Prabhakar, B. D. Freeman, Materials Science of Membranes forGas and Vapor Separation (Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2006), pp.251–270.Wikipedia. 3D printing. /wiki/3D_printerX. Zheng, H. Lee, T. H. Weisgraber, M. Shusteff, J. DeOtte, E. B. Duoss, J. D. Kuntz, M. M.Biener, Q. Ge, J. A. Jackson, S. O. Kucheyev, N. X. Fang, C. M. Spadaccini, Ultralight,ultrastiff mechanical metamaterials. Science 344, 1373–1377 (2014). Medlinedoi:10.1126/science.1252291Y. Yagci, S. Jockusch, N. J. Turro, Photoinitiated polymerization: Advances, challenges, andopportunities. Macromolecules 43, 6245–6260 (2010). doi:10.1021/ma1007545。

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