大学英语写作课件一
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现代大学英语基础写作(课件)
Conclusion
The paragraph's closing sentence, which summarizes the main points and/or transitions to the next paragraph.
Chapter layout
Title
A concise and descriptive title that reflects the chapter's content.
Practical Approach
The course emphasizes practical writing skills, focusing on effective communication and clear expression.
Integration of Theory and Practice
The course combines theoretical knowledge with practical exercises to help students apply what they learn to real-world situations.
Learning suggestions
Learning objectives
01
To learn effective writing techniques and strategies to improve their English writing skills.
02
To understand the basic principles of English grammar and punctuation to ensure their writing is clear and coherent.
College English Writing 《大学英语写作》.ppt
2. Practice more and write more （勤写多练）
Writing is always profitable. 各种形式的写作实践：写英文日记diary、 书
信letters、 做汉译英练习translation、 写文 章摘要abstracts、 写读后感、 缩写短篇名著、 写各种命题作文compositions、 写观后感等 等。 多读胸中有本， 勤写笔下生花
6. Acronym(首字母缩略词):
WTO — World Trade Organization UNESCO; OPEC; NBA
不及物动词汇 + 介词：
depend on, rely on, insist on, concentrate on, focus on
believe in, persist in, participate in, succeed in, specialize in
and some few to be chewed and digested…（有些 书可以一尝， 有些书可以吞下， 有不多的几部书 则应当咀嚼消化， ….. 对于少数好书， 则要精读、 细读、 反复地读。）
阅读时要注意下面四点：
1）语篇结构 2）句法结构 3）词汇惯用法和固定搭配 4）英汉两种语言在表达方面的异同
do me a favor, do one’s job
acquire knowledge 获得知识
get a job
Hale Waihona Puke 获得工作 achieve success 获得成功
gain reputation 获得声誉
attain one’s end 达到目的
大学英语专业写作基础PPT
According to the Teaching Syllabus, English majors should learn to write compositions concerning their daily life and commonly disces are normally asked to write both free compositions and guided ones as well. Now you are freshmen, and the long-felt TEM-4 is just on its way, therefore, learning to write English compositions step by step has already come to the agenda. With the deepening of reforms and opening to the outside world, our country has now entered a new historical period. More and more professionals with higher ability of English are needed. In order to keep up with the changing situation, you should work arduously.
starting from scratch; but don’t be over-optimistic, for the road to effective writing is long and arduous. Long and arduous as it is, I still hope that my lecture will bring to you the pleasure, the help and the confidence in writing all types of articles in English.
大学英语写作PPT课件
was out of order. I had them -all.
13
2.Concluding Paragraph:
2.1 Symptoms
I followed the directions, with the happy result---speaking for myself---that my life was preserved. And is still going on.
-
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2.Concluding Paragraph:
2.4 The Wisdom of Socrates
–By reason of examination, Anthenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a “wise man”, thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I believe that only God is really wise, and that by this Oracle he meant that man’s wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to me. “He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all.”
大学英语写作课讲义(一)
大学英语写作课讲义（一）中国地质大学（武汉）外语学院许峰Step One Writing Correct Sentences1.The Simple Sentence (简单句)A simple sentence contains but one subject and one predicate. (一个简单句仅有一个主语和一个谓语。
)e.g. John loves Mary.The subject may consist of two or more nouns, and the predicate may consist of two or more verbs. The former is called a compound subject; the latter is called a compound predicate, Thus, a simple sentence may have many nouns or many verbs; or it may have many words or phrases modifying the subject or predicate; but it has only one subject and one predicate.(主语可包含两个或更多的名词，谓语可包含两个或多个动词，分别称为复合主语和复合谓语。
这样，一个简单名子中可有多个名词或动词，也可有修饰语，但它仅有一个主语和一个谓语。
) e.g.John and Henry love Mary.John and Henry love Mary and her sister.John and Henry love Mary and her sister and give them money.2.The Compound Sentence (并列复合句)A Compound sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction, such as and , or ,nor ,but , for, yet. Each clause in a compound sentence must have a subject and a verb, is of equal importance, and can stand alone. (并列复合句是由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成，由并列连接词如and, or ,nor ,but , for ,yet等连接。
大学英语写作课件 chapter one
Common words（普通词） e.g. p10
2.
3. Colloquial words(日常用词) 1）monosyllabic words 2) Of Anglo-Saxon origin 3) Appear in informal or familiar writing/ conversation
There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recogner subject for investigation of linguists who, however, now show some incipient inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual utterances in a given language.
e.g. P10
There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recognized in America to be the proper subject for investigation of linguists who, however, now show some incipient inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual utterances in a given language.
大学英语写作课件1 chapter 1
1. Some Requirements on This Course
• 1) Attend every writing lesson; • 2) Devote your efforts to meeting the requirements of this course; • 3) Be active in class (Volunteers are always welcome & will be given more); • 4) Finish assignments in time; • 5) Prepare two exercise books, one for in-class exercises; the other for afterclass exercises;
具体的学习内容
第一章 文稿格式和标点符号 (Manuscript Form and Punctuation) 第二章 用词(Using Proper Words) 第三章 造句 (Making Correct and Effective Sentences) 第四章 段落(Developing Paragraphs) 第五章 摘要(Summarizing) 第六章 完整的作文(Composing Essays) 第七章 应用文(Writing for Practical Purposes) 第八章 学术论文写作(Preparing Research Papers)
• 5) Your teacher will not correct your compositions word by word, but judge them as a whole.
• 6) You can know how to write good articles not through your teacher‟s correcting the grammar mistakes in your exercises, but through your daily practice. • 7) Writing cannot be simplified to a set of rules or guideline, and people can never learn to write once and for all, because works change according to the people, purposes, and places involved.
(本科)新编大学英语写作课件(全)
other small issues will be talked of in Chapter 1 and 2.
Handwrite
• See Rule 1,2,3,9,11,12, and 30. • Questions? • Exercise:
Try to find what is wrong in the following handwriting.
• 2. King George walked and talked an hour after his head was cut off.
Contract and number
• See Rule 13,14,15 and 16. • Questions? • Exercise:
Try to find what is wrong in the following sentences.
Eats, Shoots, and Leaves A panda walks into a bar and orders lunch….
Supplementary Reading
• In order to have a better knowledge of the basic rules for writing , please read the passages after class. supplementary Reading for basic rules.doc mainly adapted from An Intermediate Course in Writing, Li Mei, Higher Education Press, 2006
• 2.Different Views On Jane Eyre
• 3. Interpretations of Robert Frost’s Fire and Ice
Handwrite
• See Rule 1,2,3,9,11,12, and 30. • Questions? • Exercise:
Try to find what is wrong in the following handwriting.
• 2. King George walked and talked an hour after his head was cut off.
Contract and number
• See Rule 13,14,15 and 16. • Questions? • Exercise:
Try to find what is wrong in the following sentences.
Eats, Shoots, and Leaves A panda walks into a bar and orders lunch….
Supplementary Reading
• In order to have a better knowledge of the basic rules for writing , please read the passages after class. supplementary Reading for basic rules.doc mainly adapted from An Intermediate Course in Writing, Li Mei, Higher Education Press, 2006
• 2.Different Views On Jane Eyre
• 3. Interpretations of Robert Frost’s Fire and Ice
大学英语作文ppt课件
School o完f整L最aw新p&ptHumanities
8
@通病
structure
School o完f整L最aw新p&ptHumanities
9
@英语作文·结构
三段论
凤头（3-4）： introducing the topic/state your choice 猪肚（8-10）： analyzing the phenomenon/support your choice 豹尾（4-5）： summarizing/emphasizing/recommending
taken place, has the overall condition of humanity become better than it has been expected? (3)Technology
in essence fails to improve our lives.
School o完f整L最aw新p&ptHumanities
School o完f整L最aw新p&ptHumanities
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@英语作文·结构·凤头
提问式（反问句最好）
E.g. (1) Changes, most of which refer to technological innovations, have obviously enhanced the overall standard of living and comfort level of people. (2) On the other hand, while technological innovations have
everyone in the society struggles to achieve for, no matter how it is defined according to different cultures
英语写作课件1
• The room is located on the fifth floor of the high building. One third of its total floor space is taken up by a double bed. Facing the bed, in the comer behind the door, stands a cupboard loaded with pots, bowls, dishes, bottles, and bags of rice and flour. A desk completely fills the gap between the bed and the wall with a window. Behind the desk is a chair, the only one in 1110 room; and it almost touches the boxes and trunks piled against the wall on the opposite side.
Exercises
• Directions: Identify the topic sentence in the following paragraphs. Note whether the paragraph's Development is sufficient for the topic sentence, and cross out any sentences that do not develop the controlling idea. Then, identify the Transitions.
Characteristics of Good Paragraphs
现代大学英语基础写作课件
of view
Observer
objective
Narration
The third person point of view
the objective/dramatic —只叙述故事, 不描写心理
the limited omniscient(=all knowing)/limited —仅描写其中一 个角色心理
• 2.subordination • (从属)
Subordinating conjunctions
After,although,as,b ecause,before,if,si nce,though,unless, until,when,where,w hile
Relative pronouns
Differences between summarizing
essay The main ideas
story The main action
In logical order (逻辑顺序)
In chronological order (事情发展顺序)
Summary--Use narration to describe a person
• Summary • Paragraph • Narration • Description
Content
Summary Writing
• 1.What a short piece of writing----the main facts or ideas of a story or article
• 2.How • it is complete (beginning-middle-end) • only important details • as little conversation as possible • link words and expressions
Observer
objective
Narration
The third person point of view
the objective/dramatic —只叙述故事, 不描写心理
the limited omniscient(=all knowing)/limited —仅描写其中一 个角色心理
• 2.subordination • (从属)
Subordinating conjunctions
After,although,as,b ecause,before,if,si nce,though,unless, until,when,where,w hile
Relative pronouns
Differences between summarizing
essay The main ideas
story The main action
In logical order (逻辑顺序)
In chronological order (事情发展顺序)
Summary--Use narration to describe a person
• Summary • Paragraph • Narration • Description
Content
Summary Writing
• 1.What a short piece of writing----the main facts or ideas of a story or article
• 2.How • it is complete (beginning-middle-end) • only important details • as little conversation as possible • link words and expressions
大学英语写作-第一讲
Prewriting Steps
Prewriting
includes: 1. considering the subject 2. thinking about your audience 3. identifying your purpose 4. gathering your ideas (brainstorming)
Time order
Description
tells how something looks or feels or sounds. It talks about such features as size, shape, color, sound, or taste.
Description
Exposition
is the writing that explains something. It often answers the questions what, how and why. Its purpose is to present ideas and to make the ideas as clear as possible.
Write
a passage on the topic “The First Day I Came to Nanchang University Gongqing College”. (about 150 words) (15minutes)
Time order words:
First, … First of all, … Second, … Third, … Next, … After that, … Then… Finally, …
e.g.
全新版大学英语(第二版)Book1 Unit 1 Writing for myself 精品课件
The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.
command: n/v.命令 1. N。 The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President. 2. v. 船长命令船员立刻离船。 the ship immediately.
take hold: 生根，确立 become established
The idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families. 老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成 前戒烟。 Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.
• Division of the text
Part Division of the Text Parts 1 Para(s) 1~2 Main Ideas Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including his new English teacher. Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own enjoyment.
Collocation：
in sequence in rapid sequence
in regular sequence the sequence of events
大学英语写作讲解PPT课件
2021
At lunch time，I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that as in it. After lunch， my boss was angry because I hadn’t gone to the meeting. Then I didn’t notice a sign on a door that said “wet Paint” and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn’t get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand.
2021
根据本段主题句中关键词组everything I did went wrong，作者列举了8点内容，分别由first，then， during the coffee break，after lunch time等连 接词语引出，使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内 容连贯。
常用于列举法过渡连接词有：for one thing ，for another，finally，besides，moreover，one another ，still another，first，second，also等。
大学英语写作
2021
段落的写作 主题句与推展句 1． 主题句 主题句（topic sentence）是表达段
落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意， 要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请 看下例：
2021
Байду номын сангаас
My mother has passed along to me
At lunch time，I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that as in it. After lunch， my boss was angry because I hadn’t gone to the meeting. Then I didn’t notice a sign on a door that said “wet Paint” and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn’t get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand.
2021
根据本段主题句中关键词组everything I did went wrong，作者列举了8点内容，分别由first，then， during the coffee break，after lunch time等连 接词语引出，使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内 容连贯。
常用于列举法过渡连接词有：for one thing ，for another，finally，besides，moreover，one another ，still another，first，second，also等。
大学英语写作
2021
段落的写作 主题句与推展句 1． 主题句 主题句（topic sentence）是表达段
落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意， 要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请 看下例：
2021
Байду номын сангаас
My mother has passed along to me
大学英语专业英语写作课件(英文版)
• The topic sentence with a definite controlling idea is the first requisite for ultimate paragraph unity. For the sake of unity, keep in mind the controlling idea, raise a general question about and answer it with the supporting details.
This paragraph begins with the topic sentence “students have different ideas about the best atmosphere for studying”. The controlling idea is “different ideas”. The general question about the controlling idea: -- How different? The specific topic-related questions: 1. What kind of ideas do some students have? 2. How about others? 3. What conclusion can be drawn about the controlling idea?
1. TOPIC: regular exercise LIST: 1. To strengthen the heart muscle 2. To improve blood circulation 3. To increase the intake of oxygen TOPIC SENTENCE: Doing regular
This paragraph begins with the topic sentence “students have different ideas about the best atmosphere for studying”. The controlling idea is “different ideas”. The general question about the controlling idea: -- How different? The specific topic-related questions: 1. What kind of ideas do some students have? 2. How about others? 3. What conclusion can be drawn about the controlling idea?
1. TOPIC: regular exercise LIST: 1. To strengthen the heart muscle 2. To improve blood circulation 3. To increase the intake of oxygen TOPIC SENTENCE: Doing regular
大学英语写作课件1 chapter 1
• Memorize. (wise sayings, proverbs, and beautiful paragraphs)
Warnings
• Do not let our mother tongue affect our English writing. • 不要让汉语影响我们的英语写作。 • Be careful and clear-sighted.
Outline
• About the Course
• Manuscript Form
About the Course
• • • • • 1. Some Requirements on This Course 2. Final Examination 3. Guiding Ideas on English writing 4. Classroom activities 5. Outside drills and examinations
教材介绍
《英语写作基础教程(第三版)》用清晰、浅易 的英语写成,宗旨是帮助学生掌握英语写作的基本 知识(basic knowledge)和基本技巧(basic skills),提高英语写作水平。与同类书相比,本书 突出了实用和多举范例的特点,所选范文既有英、 美作家的作品,又有中国学生的习作,易于学习模 仿。第三版中的练习设计更加生动活泼,针对性 (pertinence)更强。
Arrangement
Arrangement
How to Write the Title of a Composition
• 1. General Principles of Writing the Title
• 1) Write the title in the middle of the first line of a page; • 2) Capitalize the key words in the title (including words following hyphens in compound words); • 3) Not capitalize articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, nor, for, ), short prepositions (in, on, at, to, for..), nor the to in infinitives; but if one of them is at the beginning or at the end of a title, it should be capitalized;
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大学英语四六级作文评分标准
（注：虽然现在作文不是15分满分，但作文分值仍然占整卷的20%左右）
• 2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句 子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 • 5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多 的严重语言错误。 • 8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉 强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 • 11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言 错误。 • 14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基 本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题 目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0 分。)
（3）因果（so, so, so）
• 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪， 然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们 成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求 先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就 变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果 关系！ • The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： • then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
2、主题句原则
• 主题句通常放在句首 • To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
5、多实少虚原则
• 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西， 不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用 虚词。所谓虚词是指那些比较大的词。比如我们 说一个很好的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的 词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital之类的形象词。再比如： • 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room • 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room • 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room • 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room • 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room
四级考试大纲（续）
• 5、说的能力 能就教材内容和适当的听力材料进行问答和复述，能用英语进行一般 的日常会话，能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达思想比较 清楚，语音、语调基本正确。 • 6、写的能力 • 能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记、回答问题和写提 纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150词的短文，能写 短信或便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。 • 7、译的能力 • 能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确， 译文达意，译速为每小时300英语单词。能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉 语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时 250汉字。
备考建议
• 在备考复习阶段，考生应首先掌握四级大纲范围内的高频词汇，并且 要注意在背单词的同时掌握词汇常见的词组搭配和习惯用法。这是日 后解决所有题型的基础。 • 结合自身情况，主动加强对英语语法的学习，构建合理的语法框架。 虽然目前四级考试中没有单独的语法考题，但语法知识会贯穿于所有 题型之中，在翻译、写作、阅读等题型方面都会有所体现。 • 每天练习5～10句的英汉互译，可以先从短句做起，逐渐过渡到长难 句的翻译。翻译材料可以选用任何正规出版社出版的大学英语教材或 《新概念英语》等课本，每天逐句练习。通过大量而有效的练习，考 生对于英汉句型的转换就会有全新的认识，解决四级常遇到的翻译问 题就会游刃有余。 • 在备考冲刺阶段，各位考生还应重视历年真题的作用。分析完每道真 题后会发现，所有题目均是考试大纲和大纲词汇表范围内的内容，而 且复现频率非常高。因此，对于备考四级的考生来说，最为权威的备 考材料就是历年真题，考生在考试前应把近五年内的十套真题都做一 遍。除此之外，对于从真题中总结出的知识点，考生平时还要勤练、 熟读，这样才能为考试打下坚实的基础。
四级考试大纲
• 1、词汇 领会式掌握4,200个单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为2,500个），以及 由这些词构成的常用词组1,600条（中学所掌握的单词和词组均包括 在内），并具有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。 • 2、语法 巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。 • 3、阅读能力 能顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章、掌握中心大意以及说 明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析、推理和判断，领会 作者的观点和态度，阅读速度达到每分钟70词。在阅读篇幅较长、难 度略低、生词不超过总词数3%的材料时，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要 事实和有关细节，阅读速度将达到每分钟100词。 • 4、听的能力 能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没 有生词、语速为每分钟130-150词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座， 掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。
英语四、六级写作基本文体
• 首先要指出的是，四、六级作文在准备和对策上 是基本一致的，因为两者评分标准基本一致，除 了字数上的差距，四级120词，六级150词。英语 考试的作文大体可以分为： • 1、正反论证 • 2、原因现象描述类； • 3、图表； • 4、名言谚语 • 5、信件。所谓的写信，无非就是在这四类的基础 上，套用信件的格式而已。
6、多变句式原则 （1）加法（串联）
• 写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加 and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关 系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. • 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. • 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
3、阐述观点的一二三原则
• （1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） • （2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） • （3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原 因：俗） • （4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） • （5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） • （6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） • （7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈 推荐） • （8）most important of all, moreover, finally • （9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的 情况） • （10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情 况）
（2）转折（拐弯抹角）
批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说 说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，写文章 的时候只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之 间用个转折词就够了。 • The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. • The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： • despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
大学英语四级题型以及各部分分值 比例
口试大纲
• 口语考试成绩合格者由教育部高等教育司发给证 书，证书分为 A、 B 、 C 三个等级，成绩低于 C 等的不发给证书 等级等 级 描 述： • A 等能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际，基本 上没有困难 • B 等能用英语就熟悉的题材进行口头交际，虽有 些困难，但不影响交际 • C 等能用英语就熟悉的题材进行简单的口头交际 D 等尚不具有英语口头交际能力
4、短语优先原则
• 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两 个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果 老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不 认识的短语，你的得分率将会降低；相反，如果 发现一些精彩的短语，你的文章定会得高分。 • 其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？ 用短语是一个办法！比如： • I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. • I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
作文得分技巧总结
• • • • • 1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚 2、 构思简单，少犯错误 3、 中心突出，层次分明 4、 固定经典，名言注目 5、 重在变化，宁简勿烂
写作的“七项基本原则” 1、长短句原则
• As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. • 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短， 且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句 解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用 先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！ 文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。