倒装句讲解

倒装句
一、概述：
英语中基本的词序通常都是主语在谓语动词的前面，宾语、表语和补语在谓语动词的后面。

但有时可以改变这种正常词序，把谓语放在主语的前面，这叫倒装。

如果将谓语动词全部移到主语的前面，叫做完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语的前面，就叫部分倒装。

二、倒装的目的：
1. 语法要求: 疑问句, there be, 祝愿句;
2. 修辞要求: 为了强调;为描写生动;为衔接上下文;
为平衡句子.
三、倒装的类别：
倒装其实很好记，记住“闹事”（NAO SHI）就可以。

说明：NAO SHI中的六个字母代表六种情况。

1. N代表否定词。

当否定词置于句子开头时，句子要用部分倒装。

这些否定词有no, little, seldom, never, not until, not only, neither, nor, hardly, no sooner等词。

如：
Little does he know about it.
Hardly had he arrived there when it began to rain.
Not only can he speak English, but also he can write articles in English.
2. A代表as。

as (尽管) 引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序。

如：
Fail as he did, he didn’t lose heart.
Child as my younger brother is, he knows a lot.
3. O代表only。

only修饰状语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。

如：
Only in a strange place did he realize how good his home is.
Only when you grow up will you understand me.
4. S代表so和such。

当“so…that..”和“such…that…”结构中的so和such位于句首或so表示“也”的时候，句子用倒装语序。

如：
So clever a boy is he that he can work out such a problem in a short time.
Such a lovely day is it that we want to go out for a picnic.
He has learned to send e-mails. So have I.
5. H代表以here为首的表地点、方位等的词或词组。

这样的词有：here、there、in、out，off、away、up、down、back。

当这些词放在句首时，句子要用全部倒装，即把整个谓语动词提前。

Down fell some apples.
Out rushed the boy.
On top of the hill stands a tree.
不过，对于全部倒装的情况来说，当主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装。

如：
Here it comes.
In he came.
6. I代表if。

If引导虚拟条件句时，如把if省略，要用部分倒装。

如：
Should you be in trouble, we would help you. (=If you should be in trouble, we would help you.)
Were I you, I would go there with him. (=If I were you, I would go there with him.)
Had he come earlier, he would have met Sharon.
（一）全部倒装：(全部倒装不借助助动词)
1.There be 句型中(其中be动词可换成seem, appear, come, live, stand, exist, lie等使句子更
加生动形象)
e.g.①There are over three thousand students in our school.
②There stands a high building by the river.
③There lived an old man in the house.
2.当句首为副词here, there, then, now, thus； out, in, up, down，away, off时, 以示强调。

（注意若主语为代词不倒装）
e.g.①Down fell some apples.
②There goes the bell. 铃响了
③Here it is. 在这儿。

④Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

3. 表语置于句首时, 保持句子平衡，以表示强调表语①Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
②Present at the meeting were Mr. Smith, Mr. Green and many other celebrities.
③Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing horse-headed fiddles.
4.直接引语的部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。

“Let me go on with the operation.” said one of the doctors.
（二）部分倒装：(部分倒装借助助动词)
1.never，seldom, little, nowhere, not, hardly, not until ,at no time ,by no means等位于
句首
N o sooner…than…；Hardly/scarcely…when…
Not only…but also…连接两个并列分句时
1)Never have I seen him before.
2)Seldom do we go out.
3)Hardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.
4)Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
5)By no means can teaching be separated from practice.
6)Not only was there no electricity at that time but also (there was) no water in the
area.
2. Only + 状语，位于句首
Only in this way can you work out the problem.
3. so ….that...中的so ; such…that…中的such，位于句首时。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
4. as 引导的让步状语从句
1)Old as he was, he insisted on going with us.
2)Child as he is , he knows a lot about the world.
3)Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.
4)Much as I like this book, I like others much better.
5. 省略了 if 的虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是 were, had, should 时，可省略if, 但其谓语须倒装。

Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam.
7.把副词 so 放在句首，表示前面所说的情况，也适合于另一人或物。

肯定句用so, 否定句用neither, 句式如下：
So + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。

否定形式： neither (nor) + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。

1)He likes rice very well. So do I.
2)I have never been there, and neither has he.
如果so表示“的确如此”，“确实这样”的意思时，即用来表示同意或肯定某种说法，或用来表示强调，或用来单纯重复上文的意思，则其谓语动词不须倒装。

•---She is a very good student.
---So she is.
8.当表示频率的副词及短语（如often, always, once, now and then等），
●Once a month will I go to see my grandparents.
●Often have I seen the old man walk with his grandson.
●Always did he get up early and water the flowers in the garden.
8.表祝愿。

●May you succeed!
●Long live the People’ Republic of China .
10．其他倒装
①No matter how/However + adj./adv.+主语+ 谓语,主句
However/No matter how late it is, she often waits for him.
②how和what引起的感叹句中.
What a clever boy he is ! How blue the sky looks ! How time flies !。