the--raven-爱伦坡意象浅析
误译的隐藏与显白——爱伦·坡诗作The Raven文言骚体与白话自由体译诗对比
第22卷第］期Vol.22No.1荆楚学刊Academic Journal of Jingchu2021年2月误译的隐藏与显白爱伦•坡诗作The Raven文言骚体与白话自由体译诗对比赵美园(北京大学外国语学院，北京100871)摘要：爱伦•坡的诗作The Raven在中国译介流传甚广。
其早期和晚近的两个中文译本《阿伦波鵬鸟吟》和《乌鸦》各自具有鲜明的翻译特色。
白话自由体译诗《乌鸦》采用直译，质朴平实，用词精准。
文言骚体译诗《阿伦波鵬鸟吟》采用意译，韵致典雅，古韵悠长。
作为学衡译派的代表性作品，《阿伦波鵬鸟吟》反映了比较文学视野下古今中西互相映照、对观并流的文学主张,但在归化置换英诗内容的过程中产生了修辞丢失、省译、增译、错译等诸多翻译失误。
翻译不是主观创作，而是基于一定客观标准的语言表达艺术。
与白话自由诗体的忠实、显白相比，文言古体译诗不仅误译较多，而且对翻译失误有更高的隐匿性。
文章指出,于严肃翻译的要求而言，文言古诗译体难以担当可靠翻译，也不如雅洁的白话在当今读者群体中更能激发广泛的社会现实意义。
关键词：鵬鸟吟;乌鸦；翻译;文言骚体；白话自由体中图分类号:H059文献标志码：A文章编号"672-0768(2021)0—0024-08美国作家埃德加•爱伦•坡创作的诗歌The Raven发表于1845年，收录在美国编辑家和评论家鲁弗斯•W•格里斯沃尔德(Rufus Wilmot Griswold)编写的作品集《美国诗人与诗歌》(The Poets and Poetry of America)中[|]476-477o爱伦•坡认为美人夭折是世间最悲郁且富诗意的主题[2]|06O于是，据此构思出一个痛失佳人的多情男子与乌鸦对话，在乌鸦一次次“永不复生”的答复声中深陷绝望的故事。
这首以追思爱人为主题的抒情诗，熔铸了爱伦•坡的诗歌理论，具有高度的文学性。
作为爱伦•坡的诗创代表,The Raven融合了音乐性、精致的文字格调和超自然的氛围，颇值得关注与探讨。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tz vetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
爱伦坡乌鸦分析
Death in the poem
1.Especially when he asked whether he
could meet his lost beloved in the heaven.With the repetition of the same word “Nevermore” 2.Everything is serene/dead except the tapping and swipper 3.the author's heart deeply fallen into sorrow
When the tapping persists, he opens the shutter of the window and discovers a raven, which flies into the room and lands above the door on a bust of Athena (Pallas in the poem), the goddess of wisdom and war in Greek mythology. It says “Nevermore” to all his thoughts and longings. The raven, a symbol of death, tells the man he will never again ("nevermore"ain hold her–even in heaven.
Summery
It is midnight on a cold evening in December in the 1840s. In a dark and shadowy bedroom, wood burns in the fireplace as a man laments the death of Lenore, a woman he deeply loved. To occupy his mind, he reads a book of ancient stories. But a tapping noise disturbs him. When he opens the door to the bedroom, he sees nothing–only darkness.
乌鸦意象分析
The bust of Pallas
The bust of Pallas was Athena-the symbol of wisdom.智慧女神雅典娜
And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting ;On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
The raven sat on the bust ,and its shadow covered the bust of Pallas and my soul ,which shows there was no way for me to revive because even the wise Pallas was shrouded in shadow.
Imaginary images
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. “Wretch,” I cried, “thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent thee Respite-respite and Nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!” Quoth the raven, “Nevermore. ”
the raven读后感
the raven读后感（原创版2篇）目录（篇1）1.引言：介绍《乌鸦》的背景和作者2.《乌鸦》的情节概述3.对诗歌中乌鸦形象的解读4.诗歌中的象征意义和主题思想5.总结：对《乌鸦》的读后感及启示正文（篇1）《乌鸦》是美国著名诗人埃德加·爱伦·坡的一首著名诗歌。
诗歌通过讲述一只乌鸦与一个失去挚爱的男子之间的故事，表达了哀伤、孤独和绝望的情感。
诗歌的情节大致如下：一个失去挚爱的男子在梦中听到一只乌鸦的叫声，乌鸦告诉他，他的挚爱已永远离去，不会再回来。
男子在梦中惊醒，发现乌鸦就站在他的窗前。
在接下来的日子里，乌鸦始终陪伴在他身边，直到他最终因哀伤而死去。
在《乌鸦》中，乌鸦这一形象具有深刻的象征意义。
乌鸦通常被视为死亡和绝望的象征，它在诗歌中的出现，预示着男子的挚爱已永远离去，不会再回来。
此外，乌鸦还象征着男子内心的绝望和哀伤，它始终陪伴在他身边，如同他内心的阴影，反映出他无法摆脱的痛苦和悲伤。
除了乌鸦形象，诗歌中的其他元素也具有象征意义。
诗歌中的窗户和镜子，象征着男子内心的隔阂和自我反省。
他通过窗户看到了乌鸦，通过镜子看到了自己的形象，这些都反映出他对自己和现实的反思。
而诗歌中的“永不复返”这一主题，则表达了人对失去的挚爱的无尽思念和无法挽回的遗憾。
总的来说，《乌鸦》是一首表达哀伤、孤独和绝望情感的诗歌。
通过乌鸦这一形象，诗歌揭示了人内心深处的痛苦和悲伤，以及对失去的挚爱的无尽思念。
目录（篇2）1.引言2.文章主题和背景3.个人感受和理解4.文章中的象征意义5.结论正文（篇2）【引言】《the raven》是一首由著名诗人埃德加·爱伦·坡所写的诗歌，诗歌中充满了神秘的气息和深刻的象征意义。
在阅读完这首诗歌后，我深深地被其独特的魅力所吸引，下面是我的读后感。
【文章主题和背景】《the raven》主要描述了一只乌鸦在窗前不停地叫唤，引发了诗人的思考和联想。
诗人通过与乌鸦的对话，表达了自己内心的痛苦和迷茫，同时也揭示了人类面对死亡和未知时的无助和恐惧。
the raven的典故
the raven的典故The Raven的典故在美国文学史上，爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是一位备受尊敬的作家和诗人。
他的一首著名诗歌作品《乌鸦》（The Raven）被广泛阅读和研究，成为了一个具有丰富象征意义的典故。
《乌鸦》是一首由第一人称叙述的长篇诗歌，讲述了主人公在一个寒冷的夜晚，坐在书房中苦思冥想，试图从悲伤的回忆中解脱出来。
然而，他的思绪被一只乌鸦的访问所打断，这只乌鸦不仅停在他房间的窗户上，还一再重复着“Nevermore”（永远不会再）的词句。
主人公的情绪随着乌鸦的出现和词句的重复逐渐变得愈发沉重。
这首诗歌中的乌鸦被解读为死亡的象征。
乌鸦的黑色羽毛和沙哑的叫声，与死亡和哀伤的氛围相呼应。
乌鸦的“Nevermore”不仅是一种回应，更是一种无法逃避的命运。
主人公试图与乌鸦交流，询问关于他失去的恋人莉诺尔（Lenore）的消息，但乌鸦的回答只有“Nevermore”，这使得主人公更加陷入绝望和痛苦之中。
《乌鸦》的典故被广泛引用和解读。
它象征着无法逃避的命运和绝望的循环。
乌鸦的存在让主人公无法忘记莉诺尔的离去，也让他无法从悲伤的回忆中解脱出来。
诗中的乌鸦还被解读为内心的恶魔，是主人公悲伤和痛苦的化身。
乌鸦的回答“Nevermore”也可理解为主人公对自己的否定和对未来的绝望。
《乌鸦》的典故不仅在文学作品中被引用，也广泛出现在电影、音乐和艺术作品中。
乌鸦的形象被用来表达死亡、哀伤和绝望的情感。
它的黑色羽毛和沙哑的叫声成为了文化符号，经常被用来描绘恐怖和神秘的氛围。
除了象征意义外，诗歌本身的结构和语言也成为了学术研究的对象。
《乌鸦》采用了押韵和节奏的手法，使诗歌更加富有韵律感。
诗中使用了丰富的修辞和意象，让读者在阅读中感受到深邃的情感和思考。
总的来说，The Raven的典故是一个富有象征意义的文学作品。
它通过乌鸦的形象和词句的重复，表达了绝望、痛苦和无法逃避的命运。
The Raven中英文赏析
哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
The Raven中英文赏析
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。
在乌鸦出场时，悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字，乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”，但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时，当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时，以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时，乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答，也正是这个词，使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。
2、场景设置读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷：阴森的气氛，令人毛骨悚然的场景，神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜，除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音，周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂，屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下，而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗，突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响，但当他打开房门查看时，却不见敲门人，只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。
The Raven中英文赏析教学提纲
T h e R a v e n中英文赏析哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。
许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。
但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。
作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。
但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。
一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。
追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。
而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。
哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。
众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。
他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。
他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。
为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。
二、意象塑造1、人与物的塑造《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。
悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。
此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。
其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。
诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。
诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。
The Raven(爱伦坡作品)英文读后感
Shavian once claimed that America had bred two magnificent authors, that is, Edgar·Allan·Poe and Mark Twain. After reading Edgar·Allan·Poe’s masterpiece---The Raven, it occurred to me that Allan·Poe lives up to his reputation which is the pioneer in Ameri can literature and representative of American Romantics. Edgar·Allan·Poe, born in a family of acting, has led a miserable life but came up with a great many works of art and have contributed a lot to American literature. Poe once said, “to me, the poem is not a purpose, but a passion.” And this poem—The Raven is a perfect embodiment of his literary theory. To achieve the beauty of rhythm, he adopted the “abcbbb” pattern, and the b rimes, which are based on the constant refrain, “Nevermore.” And every time I finish reading it, I couldn’t resist the excitement of appreciating such an article that blends with the beauty of music. This poem tells a story happened between a weary young man and a raven that kept repeating one single sentence, “Nevermore.” And wit h the raven’s repetition, the rhythm becomes stronger and more pronounced as the poem reaches its emotional climax. Through this story, we can see the grief in Poe after losing his beloved Lenore as well as his excellent skill in writing.Besides, in this poem, “…separate ember wrought its ghost upon the floor…” “the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain” and some other descriptions of the environment build a scene full of sadnessin our minds whenever we come to read this poem. And Poe also used large sums of graceful words to help build the scene and further express his feelings and foreshadow the climax of the poem w hich made him outstanding in American literature.But for me, The Raven has other meanings for me. For one thing, it is the first English poem I read and through it I learnt a great lot about the literature of English-speaking countries. And the most important of all, for the first time I learnt how to read and appreciate poems and how to find out the bright spots in poems. For another, the time when I read The Raven is actually the time when I was in deep sorrow. This great poem was a perfect reflection of my feelings at the time. For now I can still remember the most moving part of the poem, that is, “my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor .Shall be lifted---nevermore!”。
浅析爱伦·坡哥特式小说中的意象
2012年9月第26期科技视界SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY VISION 科技视界Science &Technology Vision作者简介:魏平玲(1986—),女,安徽滁州人,安徽师范大学2008级高师研修班,研究方向为英语语言文学。
哥特文学(Gothic literature)中“哥特”一词源于原居住在北欧的哥特(Goth)部落。
哥特最初是指在中世纪欧洲盛行的一种建筑风格。
直到到18世纪中后期,哥特才被运用于小说创作之中,形成了哥特文学(Gothic literature)。
英国文学评论家桑德斯指出,哥特式小说喜好“峭壁和深渊、折磨和恐怖、巫术、恋尸癖以及心神不定。
它沉浸与鬼魂出没、突然死亡、地牢、妖术、幻觉和预言之中。
哥特式小说,从根本上说,过去和现在都是对舒适与安全政治稳定和商业繁荣的负面反应。
最重要的是,它反抗理性的支配。
”[1]也就是说哥特小说创作的主要意图是造成读者的恐怖体验。
”爱伦·坡(1809-1849)是19世纪美国最伟大的小说家、诗人及评论家之一。
而坡对文学最大的贡献在于他的推理和哥特式恐怖短篇小说。
对于他在文学界的地位《大英百科全书》里介绍:“坡是美国哥特式小说和整个侦探小说的创造者,他把神秘和恐怖的文学发展到一种前所未有的程度。
他的神秘故事和侦探小说以及恐怖故事中的冥界气氛,在美国文学中是无与伦比的。
”[2]短篇小说《丽姬娅》、《鄂榭府崩溃记》、《泄密的心》、《红死魔的面具》、《提前埋葬》和《黑猫》等都是坡极具代表性的哥特式小说。
然而这些小说又不完全同于传统的哥特小说,坡致力于让读者从内心到小说中恐惧的力量。
在这一过程之中,各类恐怖意象的使用起到了不可或缺的作用。
1颜色的意象颜色的细节出现在坡的许多小说之中,然而它们并非传统意义上的色彩而是被赋予了多层的象征意义。
小说《丽姬娅》描写男主人公死去的前妻丽姬娅借助他继室罗维娜尸体还魂的故事。
the raven读后感
the raven读后感（实用版3篇）目录（篇1）1.引言：介绍《乌鸦》的背景和作者2.主体：分析诗歌的主题和情感3.分析：解读诗歌中的象征和隐喻4.结论：总结诗歌的意义和影响正文（篇1）《乌鸦》是美国著名诗人埃德加·爱伦·坡的一首著名诗歌。
这首诗歌以其独特的韵律和意境，深深地吸引了我。
首先，我想说的是诗歌的主题。
在这首诗歌中，作者描绘了一只孤独的乌鸦，它栖息在一棵枯树上，与世隔绝。
乌鸦象征着孤独和哀愁，而这也正是诗歌的主题。
作者通过乌鸦的形象，表达了自己内心深处的孤独和哀愁。
然后，我想分析一下诗歌中的象征和隐喻。
在这首诗歌中，乌鸦不仅仅是一只鸟，它更象征着作者的内心世界。
乌鸦的黑色羽毛象征着作者的哀愁和孤独，而枯树则象征着作者的生活环境的恶劣。
通过这些象征和隐喻，作者生动地描绘出了自己内心的孤独和哀愁。
总的来说，《乌鸦》是一首主题深沉，情感丰富的诗歌。
它通过乌鸦这一形象，生动地描绘了作者内心的孤独和哀愁。
对于我来说，阅读这首诗歌，就像是走进了作者的内心世界，感受到了他的孤独和哀愁。
目录（篇2）1.引言：介绍《乌鸦》这首诗的背景和作者2.主体：分析诗歌的主题和象征意义3.结论：总结诗歌的价值和启示正文（篇2）《乌鸦》是美国著名诗人埃德加·爱伦·坡的一首代表作。
这首诗歌以其独特的韵律和情感表达，吸引了无数读者。
在阅读这首诗后，我深受启发，对诗歌的主题和象征意义有了更深刻的理解。
首先，我认为这首诗歌的主题是对失去的挚爱的思念。
诗人通过描绘乌鸦的形象，表现了自己对逝去的挚爱者的无尽思念。
乌鸦作为诗歌的核心意象，象征着诗人内心的孤独、哀伤和绝望。
诗歌中的乌鸦“永远不会离开我的门口”，暗示着诗人无法从失去挚爱的痛苦中解脱出来。
这种深沉的情感表达，令人感受到诗人内心的无尽哀痛。
其次，诗歌中的乌鸦还具有象征主义的特点。
乌鸦在诗歌中不仅代表了诗人自己，还象征着生命的短暂和人类的脆弱。
the raven 爱伦坡意象浅析
The ravenlonely man tries to ease his "sorrow for the lost Lenore," by distracting his mind with old books of "forgotten lore." He is interrupted while he is "nearly napping," by a "tapping on [his] chamber door." As he opens up the door, he finds "darkness there and nothing more." Into the darkness he whispers, "Lenore," hoping his lost love had come back, but all that could be heard was "an echo [that] murmured back the word 'Lenore!'"With a burning soul, the man returns to his chamber, and this time he can hear a tapping at the window lattice. As he "flung [open] the shutter," "in [there] stepped a stately Raven," the bird of ill-omen (Poe, 1850). The raven perched on the bust of Pallas, the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology, above his chamber door.The man asks the Raven for his name, and surprisingly it answers, and croaks "Nevermore." The man knows that the bird does not speak from wisdom, but has been taught by "some unhappy master," and that the word "nevermore" is its only "stock and store."The man welcomes the raven, and is afraid that the raven will be gone in the morning, "as [his] Hopes have flown before"; however, the raven answers, "Nevermore." The man smiled, and pulled up a chair, interested in what the raven "meant in croaking, 慛evermore.? The chair, where Lenore once sat, brought back painful memories. The man, who knows the irrational nature in the raven抯 speech, still cannot help but ask the raven questions. Since the narrator is aware that the raven only knows one word, he can anticipate the bird's responses."Is there balm in Gilead?" - "Nevermore." Can Lenore be found in paradise? - "Nevermore." "Take thy form from off my door!" -"Nevermore." Finally the man concedes, realizing that to continue this dialogue would be pointless. And his "soul from out that shadow"that the raven throws on the floor, "Shall be lifted -- Nevermore!"SymbolsIn this poem, one of the most famous American poems ever, Poe uses several symbols to take the poem to a higher level. The most obvious symbol is, of course, the raven itself. When Poe had decided to usea refrain that repeated the word "nevermore," he found that it wouldbe most effective if he used a non-reasoning creature to utter the word. It would make little sense to use a human, since the human could reason to answer the questions (Poe, 1850). In "The Raven" it is important that the answers to the questions are already known, to illustrate the self-torture to which the narrator exposes himself.This way of interpreting signs that do not bear a real meaning, is"one of the most profound impulses of human nature" (Quinn, 1998:441).Poe also considered a parrot as the bird instead of the raven; however, because of the melancholy tone, and the symbolism of ravens as birds of ill-omen, he found the raven more suitable for the mood in the poem (Poe, 1850). Quoth the Parrot, "Nevermore?"Another obvious symbol is the bust of Pallas. Why did the raven decide to perch on the goddess of wisdom? One reason could be, because it would lead the narrator to believe that the raven spoke from wisdom, and was not just repeating its only "stock and store," and to signify the scholarship of the narrator. Another reason for using "Pallas" in the poem was, according to Poe himself, simply because of the "sonorousness of the word, Pallas, itself" (Poe, 1850).A less obvious symbol, might be the use of "midnight" in the first verse, and "December" in the second verse. Both midnight and December, symbolize an end of something, and also the anticipation of something new, a change, to happen. The midnight in December, might very well be New Year抯 eve, a date most of us connect with change. This also seems to be what Viktor Rydberg believes when he is translating "The Raven" to Swedish, since he uses the phrase "錼ets sista natt var inne, " ("The last night of the year had arrived"). Kenneth Silverman connected the use of December with the death of Edgar抯 mother (Silverman, 1992:241), who died in that month; whether this is true or not is, however, not significant to its meaning in the poem. The chamber in which the narrator is positioned, is used to signify the loneliness of the man, and the sorrow he feels for the loss of Lenore. The room is richly furnished, and reminds the narrator of his lost love, which helps to create an effect of beauty in the poem. The tempest outside, is used to even more signify the isolation of this man, to show a sharp contrast between the calmness in the chamber and the tempestuous night.The phrase "from out my heart," Poe claims, is used, in combination with the answer "Nevermore," to let the narrator realize that he should not try to seek a moral in what has been previously narrated (Poe, 1850).WordsPoe had an extensive vocabulary, which is obvious to the readers of both his poetry as well as his fiction. Sometimes this meant introducing words that were not commonly used. In "The Raven," the use of ancient and poetic language seems appropriate, since the poemis about a man spending most of his time with books of "forgotten lore."• "Seraphim," in the fourteenth verse, "perfumed by an unseen censer / Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled..." is used to illustrate the swift, invisible way a scent spreads in a room. A seraphim is one of the six-winged angels standing in the presence of God.• "Nepenthe," from the same verse, is a potion, used by ancients to induce forgetfullnes of pain or sorrow.• "Balm in Gilead," from the following verse, is a soothing ointment made in Gilead, a mountainous region of Palestine east of the Jordan river.• "Aidenn," from the sixteenth verse, is an Arabic word for Eden or paradise.• "Plutonian," characteristic of Pluto, the god of the underworld in Roman mythology.The Philosphy of CompositionEdgar Allan Poe wrote an essay on the creation of "The Raven," entitled "The Philosophy of Composition." In that essay Poe describes the work of composing the poem as if it were a mathematical problem, and derides the poets that claim that they compose "by a species of fine frenzy - an ecstatic intuition - and would positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the scenes." Whether Poe was as calculating as he claims when he wrote "The Raven" or not is a question that cannot be answered; it is, however, unlikely that he created it exactly like he described in his essay. The thoughts occurring in the essay might well have occurred to Poe while he was composing it.In "The Philosophy of Composition," Poe stresses the need to express a single effect when the literary work is to be read in one sitting.A poem should always be written short enough to be read in one sitting, and should, therefore, strive to achieve this single, unique effect. Consequently, Poe figured that the length of a poem should stay around one hundred lines, and "The Raven" is 108 lines.The most important thing to consider in "Philosophy" is the fact that "The Raven," as well as many of Poe's tales, is written backwards. The effect is determined first, and the whole plot is set; then the web grows backwards from that single effect. Poe's "tales of ratiocination," e.g. the Dupin tales, are written in the same manner. "Nothing is more clear than that every plot, worth the name, mustbe elaborated to its denouement before anything be attempted with the pen" (Poe, 1850).It was important to Poe to make "The Raven" "universally appreciable." It should be appreciated by the public, as well as the critics. Poe chose Beauty to be the theme of the poem, since "Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem" (Poe, 1850). After choosing Beauty as the province, Poe considered sadness to be the highest manifestation of beauty. "Beauty of whatever kind in its supreme development invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones" (Poe, 1850).Of all melancholy topics, Poe wanted to use the one that was universally understood, and therefore, he chose Death as his topic. Poe (along with other writers) believed that the death of a beautiful woman was the most poetical use of death, because it closely allies itself with Beauty.After establishing subjects and tones of the poem, Poe started by writing the stanza that brought the narrator's "interrogation" of the raven to a climax, the third verse from the end, and he made sure that no preceeding stanza would "surpass this in rythmical effect." Poe then worked backwards from this stanza and used the word "Nevermore" in many different ways, so that even with the repetition of this word, it would not prove to be monotonous.Poe builds the tension in this poem up, stanza by stanza, but after the climaxing stanza he tears the whole thing down, and lets the narrator know that there is no meaning in searching for a moral in the raven's "nevermore". The Raven is established as a symbol for the narrator's "Mournful and never-ending remembrance." "And my soul from out that shadow, that lies floating on the floor, shall be lifted - nevermore!"。
爱伦坡_乌鸦_Edgar_Allen_Poe_and_The_Raven
He was not understood by critics and other writers in America.
Introduction
Poe enjoyed respect and welcome in Europe His reputation was first made in France Poe's influence was considerable in Spain, Italy, Germany and Russia. Today, his works are read with appreciation and understanding.
Virginia
As a editor, Poe had a secure position and a steady income, he married his young cousin, Virginia, who was 13 years old, in 1835. But later, Virginia died of tuberculosis(结核 病）. He liked drinking very much. His death was related to it. And his death remained a mystery.
Ratiocination（推理）
―The Murders in the Rue Morgue‖ 《莫格街谋杀案》 ―The Gold Bug‖《金甲虫》 ―The Purloined Letter‖《被窃的信件》
―The Mystery of Marie Roget‖ 《玛丽罗杰谜案》
works
陈述性、追求感观享受、对象征手法的大量应用，追求事物之间的关联感应—— 即探求语汇、色彩和音乐之间内在的联系。)
爱伦坡的乌鸦赏析
The RavenThe Raven was written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1844. As the best known of Poe’s verse, it narrated a story that a man suffering the pain of losing relatives encountered a raven at a lonely and depressed night. The tone of the verse, miserable and suspicious, derived from irreversible hopelessness. At the same time, the hopelessness was intensified with “Nevermore” from the raven until hopelessness was hard to see.As the only word of the raven, “Nevermore” was repeated for eleven times. It was th e name of the raven as well as the answer to the author’s every inquiry. The word sounded like irrelevant answer; but it made people think it was very suitable for the situation. It pushed the scene of fantastic dialogue into the philosophic narration on e xistence value. The all that people love most is just like the raven’s noise which will never come back if it is lost.A deep night in December, dark and cold, is the unbearable psychological portrayal of the narrator. It is this kind of mental state attracted the raven which perched upon a bust of Pallas just above the author’s chamber door. The raven conveyed the message from Hades again and again. At the same time, it took advantage of its’ raucous and harsh word—“Nevermore” to peck the broken heart o f the author. In this way, the author’s soul was settled down into low-floating shadow.In my mind, I think the verse does well in the following three aspects. Of course, they are worthy for us spending time appreciating it.Firstly, on the phonological processing, Edgar Allan Poe deeply dug the potential of English on the verse. Except that, he used a lot of alliteration, rhyme and harmonic rhyme. At the same time, he paid much attention on careful arrangement on the sound. In very section, there were a series of short verses composed of a long line. The order of using this way was to change atmosphere for every line. It loyally expressed the author’s sad mood. This way of writing made readers impressive.Secondly, The Raven modeled two important figures: young man and the raven. The sad man lost his favorite female and attempted to be absorbed in the book in order to forget the hurt. But all he did made a futile effort. The more books he read thelonelier and sad he felt. However, at midnight, the raven symbolizing death and odiousness stepped into the cabin where the young man usually met with his lover Lenore. In addition to, the poet also modeled two significant images influencing the topic of the poem. The one of was black that the pure color could make people feel happy or dejected. The black background color could make readers feel impressed, and then they could feel the fear and sorrow in the heart of the young man.“Nevermore” emerging repeatedly could also be seen as a special figure. Except the original meaning of this word, it also had symbolized meaning. When the raven appeared on the scene, the heartbroken man asked its’ name. The answer of the raven was “Nevermore”. But when the mater inquired effective medicine to remove miss for Lenore, the r aven answered by “Nevermore”, as well as the master wondering whether he met Lenore again. Even when the raven was ready to leave the cabin, the “Nevermore” was the only thing that the raven remained. This word made the young man get into eternal abyss.Thirdly, the scene setting was special. On the introductory part, the readers could see a sad and shrill picture in the depth of night: the gloomy atmosphere, the thrilling scene, the mysterious and depressed man, the inauspicious raven…In a gloomy and chilly midnight, all was quiet besides the whistle of the cold wind and the voice of turning over the books. The world outside the cabin was enveloped by the deep night while the small space of inside appeared flickered under the dim ray. Suddenly, some one was gently rapping at chamber door. However, when the master opened the door, he founded nothing except relentless night and raging storm. Surprisingly, the previous knock of the door appeared again when he retuned. At the moment, the raven flew into his cabin and perched above chamber door.Finally, why the author chose midnight as the time of story happening. Midnights mean mystery and terror. And all kinds of ghost and evil usually appeared at midnight. The terrified atmosphere established mood for appearance of the raven. It was special for the poet to set the story in a small and quiet cabin. On one hand, small and closed space contributed to the establishment of isolated and distant Gothic horrible atmosphere. On another hand, the cabin just was throne of two lovers. The cabin wasstill same while the laughter gone with hostess’s death. The young man kept watches the cabin and missed his lover. What kind of sadness it was? Setting the scene in this way will arouse resonate in readers’ heart and make the readers show sympathy for the young man.The Raven is a wonderful poem. It is worthy for us spending time reading.。
the raven的典故
the raven的典故The Raven：一只黑鸟的典故在世界文学史上，爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）被誉为“恐怖小说之父”。
他的作品以黑暗、恐怖和神秘而闻名，其中最著名的作品之一就是《乌鸦》（The Raven）。
这个故事以一只神秘的黑鸟为主题，通过描绘主人公的痛苦心境和对死亡的恐惧，探讨了人类内心的恐惧和无法逃脱的命运。
故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚，主人公孤独地坐在书桌前，沉浸在对已故恋人莱诺尔的思念中。
突然，一只黑鸟飞进了他的房间，坐在他的雕像上。
这只黑鸟的名字叫乌鸦，它的存在象征着死亡和厄运。
主人公被乌鸦的出现所吓到，但他仍然好奇地和乌鸦交谈。
主人公问乌鸦许多问题，希望乌鸦能给他一些答案，但乌鸦只回答一句：“从来没有”。
这句简单的回答让主人公感到困惑和绝望，因为他已经失去了一切，包括他所爱的人和对生活的希望。
乌鸦的回答似乎在嘲笑他的绝望和无助。
然而，主人公继续和乌鸦交谈，他询问乌鸦是否会离开他，是否存在一种解脱之法。
乌鸦的回答仍然是“从来没有”，这使主人公更加绝望。
他开始认为乌鸦是来自地狱的使者，它的存在只是为了使他永远陷入痛苦和绝望之中。
在整个故事中，乌鸦的形象起着重要的象征作用。
它代表了死亡和厄运，也象征着主人公内心的黑暗和绝望。
乌鸦的回答“从来没有”是对主人公的嘲笑和嘲弄，它让主人公对自己的命运感到绝望和无助。
除了乌鸦的象征意义，整个故事还通过描绘主人公的心理变化来探讨人类内心的恐惧和无法逃脱的命运。
主人公在故事开始时是一个寂寞和悲伤的人，他对已故恋人的思念让他无法释怀。
乌鸦的出现使他的心境更加痛苦和绝望，他开始怀疑自己是否可以逃脱这种痛苦。
然而，无论他如何努力，无论他问乌鸦多少问题，他都得不到任何答案。
这种无助和绝望让他感到无法摆脱命运的束缚。
《乌鸦》这个故事以其恐怖和神秘的氛围，以及对人类内心的探索而闻名。
通过描绘主人公的痛苦心境和对死亡的恐惧，这个故事引发了读者对生命和死亡的思考。
The Raven韵律中的快感与美感
The Raven韵律中的快感与美感
岳琳
【期刊名称】《海外英语》
【年(卷),期】2015(000)001
【摘要】埃德加·爱伦·坡的诗歌The Raven以其独特的诗歌韵律、意象、主题而闻名于世。
The Raven作为爱伦·坡的代表作,学者们对其进行了多方面的解读。
这篇论文将结合美学中快感与美感之间关系的相关研究,对The Raven这首诗歌与众不同的韵律所带来的独特的快感体验及这种形式快感与艺术的美感之间的关系进行阐述,从生理方面谈论The Raven诗歌美的情趣。
【总页数】2页(P215-216)
【作者】岳琳
【作者单位】天津工业大学外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I712.072
【相关文献】
1.从快感到美感——论美感是生命生存繁衍的预警机制 [J], 许丙泉
2.气功修炼中的快感与美感 [J], 哈斯朝鲁
3.The Raven韵律中的快感与美感 [J], 岳琳
4.均衡与韵律r——浅析伯恩·琼斯作品中的形式美感 [J], 徐燕
5.谈歌唱中的“美感”与“快感” [J], 董玫
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The ravenlonely man tries to ease his "sorrow for the lost Lenore," by distracting his mind with old books of "forgotten lore." He is interrupted while he is "nearly napping," by a "tapping on [his] chamber door." As he opens up the door, he finds "darkness there and nothing more." Into the darkness he whispers, "Lenore," hoping his lost love had come back, but all that could be heard was "an echo [that] murmured back the word 'Lenore!'"With a burning soul, the man returns to his chamber, and this time he can hear a tapping at the window lattice. As he "flung [open] the shutter," "in [there] stepped a stately Raven," the bird of ill-omen (Poe, 1850). The raven perched on the bust of Pallas, the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology, above his chamber door.The man asks the Raven for his name, and surprisingly it answers, and croaks "Nevermore." The man knows that the bird does not speak from wisdom, but has been taught by "some unhappy master," and that the word "nevermore" is its only "stock and store."The man welcomes the raven, and is afraid that the raven will be gone in the morning, "as [his] Hopes have flown before"; however, the raven answers, "Nevermore." The man smiled, and pulled up a chair, interested in what the raven "meant in croaking, 慛evermore.? The chair, where Lenore once sat, brought back painful memories. The man, who knows the irrational nature in the raven抯 speech, still cannot help but ask the raven questions. Since the narrator is aware that the raven only knows one word, he can anticipate the bird's responses."Is there balm in Gilead?" - "Nevermore." Can Lenore be found in paradise? - "Nevermore." "Take thy form from off my door!" -"Nevermore." Finally the man concedes, realizing that to continue this dialogue would be pointless. And his "soul from out that shadow"that the raven throws on the floor, "Shall be lifted -- Nevermore!"SymbolsIn this poem, one of the most famous American poems ever, Poe uses several symbols to take the poem to a higher level. The most obvious symbol is, of course, the raven itself. When Poe had decided to usea refrain that repeated the word "nevermore," he found that it wouldbe most effective if he used a non-reasoning creature to utter the word. It would make little sense to use a human, since the human could reason to answer the questions (Poe, 1850). In "The Raven" it is important that the answers to the questions are already known, to illustrate the self-torture to which the narrator exposes himself.This way of interpreting signs that do not bear a real meaning, is"one of the most profound impulses of human nature" (Quinn, 1998:441).Poe also considered a parrot as the bird instead of the raven; however, because of the melancholy tone, and the symbolism of ravens as birds of ill-omen, he found the raven more suitable for the mood in the poem (Poe, 1850). Quoth the Parrot, "Nevermore?"Another obvious symbol is the bust of Pallas. Why did the raven decide to perch on the goddess of wisdom? One reason could be, because it would lead the narrator to believe that the raven spoke from wisdom, and was not just repeating its only "stock and store," and to signify the scholarship of the narrator. Another reason for using "Pallas" in the poem was, according to Poe himself, simply because of the "sonorousness of the word, Pallas, itself" (Poe, 1850).A less obvious symbol, might be the use of "midnight" in the first verse, and "December" in the second verse. Both midnight and December, symbolize an end of something, and also the anticipation of something new, a change, to happen. The midnight in December, might very well be New Year抯 eve, a date most of us connect with change. This also seems to be what Viktor Rydberg believes when he is translating "The Raven" to Swedish, since he uses the phrase "錼ets sista natt var inne, " ("The last night of the year had arrived"). Kenneth Silverman connected the use of December with the death of Edgar抯 mother (Silverman, 1992:241), who died in that month; whether this is true or not is, however, not significant to its meaning in the poem. The chamber in which the narrator is positioned, is used to signify the loneliness of the man, and the sorrow he feels for the loss of Lenore. The room is richly furnished, and reminds the narrator of his lost love, which helps to create an effect of beauty in the poem. The tempest outside, is used to even more signify the isolation of this man, to show a sharp contrast between the calmness in the chamber and the tempestuous night.The phrase "from out my heart," Poe claims, is used, in combination with the answer "Nevermore," to let the narrator realize that he should not try to seek a moral in what has been previously narrated (Poe, 1850).WordsPoe had an extensive vocabulary, which is obvious to the readers of both his poetry as well as his fiction. Sometimes this meant introducing words that were not commonly used. In "The Raven," the use of ancient and poetic language seems appropriate, since the poemis about a man spending most of his time with books of "forgotten lore."• "Seraphim," in the fourteenth verse, "perfumed by an unseen censer / Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled..." is used to illustrate the swift, invisible way a scent spreads in a room. A seraphim is one of the six-winged angels standing in the presence of God.• "Nepenthe," from the same verse, is a potion, used by ancients to induce forgetfullnes of pain or sorrow.• "Balm in Gilead," from the following verse, is a soothing ointment made in Gilead, a mountainous region of Palestine east of the Jordan river.• "Aidenn," from the sixteenth verse, is an Arabic word for Eden or paradise.• "Plutonian," characteristic of Pluto, the god of the underworld in Roman mythology.The Philosphy of CompositionEdgar Allan Poe wrote an essay on the creation of "The Raven," entitled "The Philosophy of Composition." In that essay Poe describes the work of composing the poem as if it were a mathematical problem, and derides the poets that claim that they compose "by a species of fine frenzy - an ecstatic intuition - and would positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the scenes." Whether Poe was as calculating as he claims when he wrote "The Raven" or not is a question that cannot be answered; it is, however, unlikely that he created it exactly like he described in his essay. The thoughts occurring in the essay might well have occurred to Poe while he was composing it.In "The Philosophy of Composition," Poe stresses the need to express a single effect when the literary work is to be read in one sitting.A poem should always be written short enough to be read in one sitting, and should, therefore, strive to achieve this single, unique effect. Consequently, Poe figured that the length of a poem should stay around one hundred lines, and "The Raven" is 108 lines.The most important thing to consider in "Philosophy" is the fact that "The Raven," as well as many of Poe's tales, is written backwards. The effect is determined first, and the whole plot is set; then the web grows backwards from that single effect. Poe's "tales of ratiocination," e.g. the Dupin tales, are written in the same manner. "Nothing is more clear than that every plot, worth the name, mustbe elaborated to its denouement before anything be attempted with the pen" (Poe, 1850).It was important to Poe to make "The Raven" "universally appreciable." It should be appreciated by the public, as well as the critics. Poe chose Beauty to be the theme of the poem, since "Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem" (Poe, 1850). After choosing Beauty as the province, Poe considered sadness to be the highest manifestation of beauty. "Beauty of whatever kind in its supreme development invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears. Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones" (Poe, 1850).Of all melancholy topics, Poe wanted to use the one that was universally understood, and therefore, he chose Death as his topic. Poe (along with other writers) believed that the death of a beautiful woman was the most poetical use of death, because it closely allies itself with Beauty.After establishing subjects and tones of the poem, Poe started by writing the stanza that brought the narrator's "interrogation" of the raven to a climax, the third verse from the end, and he made sure that no preceeding stanza would "surpass this in rythmical effect." Poe then worked backwards from this stanza and used the word "Nevermore" in many different ways, so that even with the repetition of this word, it would not prove to be monotonous.Poe builds the tension in this poem up, stanza by stanza, but after the climaxing stanza he tears the whole thing down, and lets the narrator know that there is no meaning in searching for a moral in the raven's "nevermore". The Raven is established as a symbol for the narrator's "Mournful and never-ending remembrance." "And my soul from out that shadow, that lies floating on the floor, shall be lifted - nevermore!"。