安全工程专业文献翻译
外文翻译外文文献英文文献国际建设工程风险分析

外文文献:This analysis used a case study methodology to analyze the issues surrounding the partial collapse of the roof of a building housing the headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ’s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multi-dimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction prject and riskThe structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Piesold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick & Bath (HLB). The contract was awarded to Central African Building Corporation (CABCO) who was also responsible for the provision of a specialist roof structure using patented “gang nail” roof trusses. The building construction proceeded to completion and was handed over to the owners on Sept. 12, 1991. The SAZ took effective occupation of the headquarters building without a certificate of occupation. Also, the defects liability period was only three months .The roof structure was in place 10 years At first the SAZ decided to go to arbitration, but this failed to yield an immediate solution. The SAZ then decided toproceed to litigate in court and to bring a negligence claim against CABCO. The preparation for arbitration was reused for litigation. The SAZ’s quantified losses stood at approximately $ 6 million in Zimbabwe dollars (US $1.2m) .After all parties had examined the facts and evidence before them, it became clear that there was a great probability that the courts might rule that both the architects and the contractor were lia ble. It was at this stage that the defendants’ lawyers requested that the matter be settled out of court. The plaintiff agreed to this suxamined the prior roles played by the project management function and construction professionals in preventing/mitigating potential construction problems. It further assessed the extent to which the employer/client and parties to a construction contract are able to recover damages under that contract. The main objective of this critical analysis was to identify an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. The importance of this study is its multidimensional examination approach.Experience sugge be misleading. All construction projects are prototypes to some extent and imply change. Change in the construction industry itself suggests that past experience is unlikely to be sufficient on its own. A structured approach is required. Such a structure can not and must not replace the experience and expertise of the participant. Rather, it brings additional benefits that assist to clarify objectives, identify the nature of the uncertainties, introduces effective communication systems, improves decision-making, introduces effective risk control measures, protects the project objectives and provides knowledge of the risk history .Construction professionals need to know how to balance the contingencies of risk with their specific contractual, financial, operational and organizational requirements. Many construction professionals look at risks in dividually with a myopic lens and donot realize the potential impact that other associated risks may have on their business operations. Using a holistic risk management approach will enable a firm to identify all of the organization’s business risks. This will increas e the probability of risk mitigation, with the ultimate goal of total risk elimination .Recommended key construction and risk management strategies for future construction projects have been considered and their explanation follows. J.W. Hinchey stated th at there is and can be no ‘best practice’ standard for risk allocation on a high-profile project or for that matter, any project. He said, instead, successful risk management is a mind-set and a process. According to Hinchey, the ideal mind-set is for the parties and their representatives to, first, be intentional about identifying project risks and then to proceed to develop a systematic and comprehensive process for avoiding, mitigat and its location. This is said to be necessary not only to allow alternative responses to be explored. But also to ensure that the right questions are asked and the major risks identified. Heads of sources of risk are said to be a convenient way of providing a structure for identifying risks to completion of a participant’s pa rt of the project. Effective risk management is said to require a multi-disciplinary approach. Inevitably risk management requires examination of engineering, legal and insurance related solutions .It is stated that the use of analytical techniques based on a statistical approach could be of enormous use in decision making . Many of these techniques are said to be relevant to estimation of the consequences of risk events, and not how allocation of risk is to be achieved. In addition, at the present stage of the development of risk management, Atkinson states that it must be recognized that major decisions will be made that can not be based solely on mathematical analysis. The complexity ofconstruction projects means that the project definition in terms of both physical form and organizational structure will be based on consideration of only a relatively small number of risks . This is said to then allow a general structured approach that can be applied to any construction project to increase the awareness of participants .The new, simplified Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM Regulations) which came in to f 1996, into a single regulatory package.The new CDM regulations offer an opportunity for a step change in health and safety performance and are used to reemphasize the health, safety and broader business benefits of a well-managed and co-ordinated approach to the management of health and safety in construction. I believe that the development of these skills is imperative to provide the client with the most effective services available, delivering the best value project possible.Construction Management at Risk (CM at Risk), similar to established private sector methods of construction contracting, is gaining popularity in the public sector. It is a process that allows a client to select a construction manager (CM) based on qualifications; make the CM a member of a collaborative project team; centralize responsibility for construction under a single contract; obtain a bonded guaranteed maximum price; produce a more manageable, predictable project; save time and money; and reduce risk for the client, the architect and the CM.CM at Risk, a more professional approach to construction, is taking its place along with design-build, bridging and the more traditional process of design-bid-build as an established method of project delivery.The AE can review to get the projec. Competition in the community is more equitable: all subcontractors have a fair shot at the work .A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is recommended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility.A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is recommended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility.It was reasonable to assume that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It did appear justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects.In many projects clients do not understand the importance of their role in facilitating cooperation and coordination; the desi recompense. They do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong.中文译文:国际建设工程风险分析索赔看来是合乎情理的。
毕业证明用学科专业的中英文翻译对照表

050107
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85
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86
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33
020224
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34
03
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35
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36
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37
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38
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92
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050202
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119
0603Z2
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ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL WORLD HISTORY
120
0603Z3
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Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等) The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学) Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学) Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学) Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学) Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science。
大学各专业名称英文翻译(一)——工学_ENGINEERING

大学各专业名称英文翻译(一)——工学ENGINEERING课程中文名称课程英文名称高等数理方法Advanced Mathematical Method弹塑性力学Elastic-Plastic Mechanics板壳理论Theory of Plate and Shell高等工程力学Advanced Engineering Mechanics板壳非线性力学Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell复合材料结构力学Structural Mechanics of Composite Material弹性元件的理论及设计Theory and Design of Elastic Element非线性振动Nonlinear Vibration高等土力学Advanced Soil Mechanics分析力学Analytic Mechanics随机振动Random Vibration数值分析Numerical Analysis基础工程计算与分析Calculation and Analysis of Founda tion Engineering结构动力学Structural Dynamics实验力学Laboratory Mechanics损伤与断裂Damage and Fracture小波分析Wavelet Analysis有限元与边界元分析方法Analytical Method of Finite Element and Boundary Element最优化设计方法Optimal Design Method弹性力学Elastic Mechanics高层建筑基础Tall Building Foundation动力学Dynanics土的本构关系Soil Constitutive Relation数学建模Mathematical Modeling现代通信理论与技术Emerging Communications Theory and Technology数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing网络理论与多媒体技术Multi-media and Network Technology医用电子学Electronics for Medicine计算微电子学Computational Microelectronics集成电路材料和系统电子学Material and System Electronics for In tegrated Circuits网络集成与大型数据库Computer Network Integrating Technology and Large scale Database 现代数字系统Modern Digital System微机应用系统设计Microcomputer Application Design计算机网络新技术Modern Computer Network Technologies网络信息系统Network Information System图像传输与处理Image Transmission and Processing图像编码理论Theory of Image Coding遥感技术Remote Sensing Techniques虚拟仪器系统设计Design of Virtual Instrument System生物医学信号处理技术Signal Processing for Biology and Medicine光纤光学Fiber OpticsVLSI的EDA技术EDA Techniques for VLSI电子系统的ASIC技术ASIC Design TechnologiesVLSI技术与检测方法VLSI Techniques & Its Examination专题阅读或专题研究The Special Subject Study信息论Information Theory半导体物理学Semiconductor Physics通信原理Principle of Communication现代数理逻辑Modern Mathematical Logic算法分析与设计Analysis and Design of Algorithms高级计算机网络Advanced Computer Networks高级软件工程Advanced Software Engineering数字图像处理Digital Image Processing知识工程原理Principles of Knowledge Engineering面向对象程序设计Object-Oriented Programming形式语言与自动机Formal Languages and Automata人工智能程序设计Artificial Intelligence Programming软件质量与测试Software Quality and Testing大型数据库原理与高级开发技术Principles of Large-Scale Data-Bas e and Advanced Development Technology自然智能与人工智能Natural Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence Unix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix System计算机图形学Computer GraphicsInternet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet Technology多媒体技术Multimedia Technology数据仓库技术与联机分析处理Data Warehouse and OLAP程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming计算机信息保密与安全Secrecy and Security of Computer Information电子商务Electronic Commerce分布式系统与分布式处理Distributed Systems and Distributed Processing并行处理与并行程序设计Parallel Processing and Parallel Programming模糊信息处理技术Fuzzy Information Processing Technology人工神经网络及应用Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications Unix编程环境Unix Programming Environment计算机视觉Computer Vision高级管理信息系统Advanced Management Information Systems信息系统综合集成理论及方法Theory and Methodology of Information n System Integration计算机科学研究新进展Advances in Computer Science离散数学Discrete Mathematics操作系统Operating System数据库原理Principles of Database编译原理Principles of Compiler程序设计语言Programming Language数据结构Data Structure计算机科学中的逻辑学Logic in Computer Science面向对象系统分析与设计Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design高等数值分析Advanced Numeric Analysis人工智能技术Artificial Intelligence Technology软计算理论及应用Theory and Application of Soft-Computing逻辑程序设计与专家系统Logic Programming and Expert Systems模式识别Pattern Recognition软件测试技术Software Testing Technology高级计算机网络与集成技术Advanced Computer Networks and Integration Technology 语音信号处理Speech Signal Processing系统分析与软件工具System Analysis and Software Tools计算机仿真Computer Simulation计算机控制Computer Control图像通信技术Image Communication Technology人工神经网络及应用Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications计算机技术研究新进展Advances in Computer Technology环境生物学Environmental Biology水环境生态学模型Models of Water Quality环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境生物技术Environmental Biotechnology水域生态学Aquatic Ecology环境工程Environmental Engineering环境科学研究方法Study Methodology of Environmental Science藻类生理生态学Ecological Physiology in Algae水生动物生理生态学Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal专业文献综述Review on Special Information废水处理与回用Sewage Disposal and Re-use生物医学材料学及实验Biomaterials and Experiments现代测试分析Modern Testing Technology and Methods生物材料结构与性能Structures and Properties of Biomaterials计算机基础Computer Basis医学信息学Medical Informatics计算机汇编语言Computer Assembly Language学科前沿讲座Lectures on Frontiers of the Discipline组织工程学Tissue Engineering生物医学工程概论Introduction to Biomedical Engineering高等生物化学Advanced Biochemistry光学与统计物理Optics and Statistical Physics图像分析Image Treatment数据处理分析与建模Data Analysis and Constituting Model高级数据库Advanced Database计算机网络Computer Network多媒体技术Technology of Multimedia软件工程Software Engineering药物化学Pharmaceutical Chemistry功能高分子Functional Polymer InternetIntranet程序设计方法学Methods of Programming InternetIntranet高分子化学与物理Polymeric Chemistry and Physics医学电子学Medical Electronics现代仪器分析Modern Instrumental Analysis仪器分析实验Instrumental Analysis Experiment食品添加剂Food Additives Technology高级食品化学Advanced Food Chemistry食品酶学Food Enzymology现代科学前沿选论Literature on Advances of Modern Science波谱学Spectroscopy波谱学实验Spectroscopic Experiment食品贮运与包装Food Packaging液晶化学Liquid Crystal Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced organic Chemistry功能性食品Function Foods食品营养与卫生学Food Nutrition and Hygiene食品生物技术Food Biotechnology食品研究与开发Food Research and Development有机合成化学Synthetic organic Chemistry食品分离技术Food Separation Technique精细化工装备Refinery Chemical Equipment食品包装原理Principle of Food Packaging表面活性剂化学及应用Chemistry and Application of Surfactant天然产物研究与开发Research and Development of Natural Products 食品工艺学Food Technology生物化学Biochemistry食品分析Food Analysis食品机械与设备Food Machinery and Equipment。
java英文参考文献(20210507015628)

java 英文参考文献篇一:外文参考文献译文及原文本科毕业设计(论文)外文参考文献译文及原文学院_________ 计算机学院专业___计算机科学与技术_年级班别___ 2009级(1)班学号学生姓名______ ________指导教师_____ ________2013年5月目录译文: (1)第一章微软.NET 平台的介绍 (3)1.1 简介.................................................................................................................1.1.1 .NET 平台简介 (3)1.1.2 微软的.NET 和WINDOWS 的基3因 (4)1.1.3 微软.NET 体系结构 (4)1.1.4 .NET 平台的特点 (4)J \\\ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ■1.1.5 多国语言的发展 (5)1.1.6 平台和处理器独立性 (6)1.1.7 自动内存管理 (7)1.1.8 支持的版本 (7)1.1.9 支持的开放标准 (8)1.1.10 配置简单 (8)1.1.11 分布式体系结构 (9)1.1.12 与非托管代码的互用 (9)原文:Foreword ..................................................................................................... .............................. 11 Chapter1 Introduction of the Microsoft .NET Platform 131.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. .. (13)1.1.1 Introduction of the .NET Platform (13)1.1.2 Microsoft .NET and WindowsDNA (15)1.1.3 Microsoft .NET Architecture Hierarchy ....................................151.1.4 Features of the .NET Platform (16)1.1.5 Multilanguage Development (17)1.1.6 Platform and Processor Independence (18)1.1.7 Automatic Memory Management (19)1.1.8 Versioning Support (20)1.1.9 Support for OpenStandards (21)1.1.10 Easy Deployment (22)1.1.11 Distributed Architecture (23)1.1.12 Interoperability with Unmanaged Code (23)译文:、尸■、亠前言在电脑软件的历史上,很少有一种技术能够得到开发者和业界如此强烈的正面响应。
各专业课程英文翻译

各专业课程英⽂翻译各专业课程英⽂翻译(精⼼整理)⽣物及医学专业课程汉英对照表细胞⽣物学和分⼦⽣物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology 精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing⼒学专业⾼等代数与⼏何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry 数学物理⽅法 Methods in Mathematical Physics理论⼒学 Theoretical Mechanics 弹性⼒学 Elasticity⼒学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics ⼒学概论Introduction to Mechanics 计算流体⼒学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 粘性流体⼒学Viscous Fluid Flow弹性⼒学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity有限元法 Finite Element Method进化⽣物学 Evolutionary Biology ⼝腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋⽣物学 Marine Biology ⼝腔 / ⽛科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences 微⽣物学 Microbiology⾻科医学 Osteopathic Medicine 分⼦⽣物学 Molecular Biology ⽿科学 Otology医学微⽣物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy ⼝腔⽣物学 Oral Biology ⾜病医学Podiatric Medicine寄⽣物学 Parasutology眼科学 Ophthalmology 植物⽣物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学Preventive Medicine ⼼理⽣物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology放射⽣物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论⽣物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学Rehabilitation Nursing 野⽣⽣物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing 环境⽣物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学Therapeutics 运动⽣物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology有机体⽣物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 Veterinary Sciences ⽣物统计学 Biometrics ⽛科卫⽣学 Dental Sciences ⽣物物理学 Biophysics ⽛科科学 Dentistry ⽣物⼼理学 Biopsychology ⽪肤学 Dermatology ⽣物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学Endocrinology ⽣物⼯艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics ⽣物化学 Biological Chemistry解剖学 Anatomy⽣物⼯程学 Biological Engineering ⿇醉学 Anesthesia ⽣物数学 Biomathematics临床科学 Clinical Science应⽤⽣物学 Applied Biology 细胞⽣物学 Cell Biology ⽣物学 Biology⽣物医学科学 Biomedical Science临床⼼理学 Clinical Psychology 医学技术 Medical Technology 医学 Medicine护理⿇醉学 Nurse Anesthesia 数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 常微分⽅程 Ordinary Differential Equation 计算⽅法Numerical Methods 材料⼒学 Mechanics of Materials 流体⼒学Fluid Mechanics 机械制图 Machining Drawing ⽓体⼒学 Gas Dynamics 弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates塑性⼒学Introduction of Plasticity经典⼒学中的数学⽅法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器⼈动⼒学 Dynamics of Robots ⾃动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 概率与统计 Probability and Statistics 专业英语 English for Mechanics 振动理论 Theory of Vibration 程序设计⽅法 (C 和 FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN ⽔动⼒学 Hydrodynamics 计算机图象处理 Image Processing 光测⼒学 Photo Mechanics断裂⼒学 Fracture Mechanics⾼等动⼒学 Advanced Dynamics 摄动⽅法 Perturbation Methods 机械设计与 Auto CADMachinery Designing and AutoCAD 信息显⽰ (可视化 ) Visualization 微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer 复变函数Complex Function企业管理专业微观经济学 Microeconomics管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 财务管理 Financial Management 战略管理 Strategic Management 国际商务谈判 Negotiation on BusinessAffairs跨国公司专题研究 Special Researchof multinational corporation国际贸易 InternationalTrade 国际营销研究 International Marketing Research 公司组织与管理 Organization and Managementof Corporate信息管理概论 Introduction to InformationManagement信息经济学 Information Economics 企业信息化⼯程管理学原理 Principles of Management 信息政策与法规 Information Policy and Law 管理信息系统 Management Information System 线性代数 Linear Algebra决策分析 Policy Making 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics概率统计 Statistics and ProbabilityTheory ⽣产与运作管理 Production Management 电⼦商务Electronic Commerce 信息系统安全与保密 Information System Security政府信息化⼯程 Government Informationalization ⼴告实务 Practice of Advertisement 操作系统 Operating System 信息科学基础Foundations of InformationScience 经济信息管理 Economic Information Management 专业英语 Specialty English 微机基础Principles of Microcomputers ⽂献计量学 Bibliometrics电⼦出版技术 Electronic Publishing ⼴告概论 Introduction to Advertisement管理学 Principles of Management 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 产业经济学 Industrial Economics 项⽬评估 Projects Appraisal 管理沟通Management Negotiation战略管理 Strategic Management ⽣产管理研究 Operation Management 企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 运筹学 Operational Research 信息管理专业⾼等数学 Higher Mathematics数据库系统 Database 组织⾏为学 Organizational Behavior⼈⼒资源管理 Human Resource Management信息存储与检索信息服务与Information Retrieval andStorage information Service and UserStudy社会实践 Practical Work信息分析与决策 Information Analysis andPolicy Making Enterprise Informationalization 信息组织 Information Organization 计算机⽹络 Computer Networks 多媒体技术 Multimedia信息环境论 Information Environments 传播学原理 Principles of CommunicationTheory 知识产权法学 Law of Intelligence Property 组织⾏为学 Studies of Organization 货币银⾏学专业货币银⾏学 Money and Banking 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 策略管理 Strategic Management 银⾏会计 Bank Accounting 运筹学 Operational Research 财务管理Financial Management 租赁与信托 Hiring and Affiancing 商业银⾏实务 Practice of Business Bank项⽬评估 Projects Appraisal ⾦融市场学⼈⼒资源管理 Human ResourceManagement 财务报告分析 A nalysis of Financial Statement财务案例分析 Case Analysis of FinancialManagement物理专业热学 Thermodynamics ⼒学 Mechanics光学 Optics电磁学 Electromagnetism计算概论 Computing Generality 普通物理实验 General Physics Laboratory固体磁性及应⽤基础 Magnetism of the Solid Stateand its Application衍射物理(固体结构分析)Diffraction Physics (Structureof Solid Analysis)科研实⽤软件 Utility Software for ScientificResearch 计算机模拟⽅法 Computer SimulationMethods 激光原理、技术与应⽤ The Principle, Techniqueand Application of Laser材料物理 Materials Physics 近代光学和光电⼦学 Modern Optics and Optoelectronics现代固体物理 Modern Solid State Physics粒⼦物理 Particle Physics 物理宇宙学基础 Elements of Cosmology Physics 固体物理 Solid State Physics 原⼦物理 Atomic Physics量⼦⼒学 Quantum Mechanics 理论⼒学 Theoretical Mechanics电动⼒学 Electrodynamics普通物理综合实验 Synthetical Experiments ofGeneral Physics市场营销学专业营销管理 Marketing Management 公共关系 Public Relationship 国际贸易 International Trade 消费者⾏为 Consumer Behavior 管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 营销调研Marketing Research 推销学 Sales Strategies 国际⾦融 International Finance 营销预测与规划 Marketing Forecasting andPlanning 销售渠道管理 ales Channels Management 管理学 Principles of Management 国际市场营销 International Marketing 商业谈判 Business Negotiation ⼴告管理 Advertising Management 营销案例分析 Case Studies of Marketing 国际贸易实务 Practice of InternationalTrade 服务业营销 Service Industry Marketing企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 新产品开发 New Products Development管理信息系统 System of Management Information 运筹学 Operational Research 保险学 Insurance管理会计 Managerial Accounting 国际贸易 International Trade国际⾦融 International Finance证券投资学 Security Analysis and Investment 国际结算 International BalanceFinancial Marketing证券投资学Security Analysis and Investment 财务学专业财务报告分析Analysis of Financial Statement 国际⾦融International Finance保险学Insurance 财务案例分析Case Analysis of FinanceManagement 国际财务管理International Financial Management 资产评估Assets Appraisal项⽬评估Projects Appraisal 财务管理Financial Management 运筹学Operational Research 管理会计Managerial Accounting 管理学Principles of Management 统计学Principles of Statistics宏观经济学Macroeconomics管理信息系统Systems of Management Information 策略管理Strategic Management 微观经济学Microeconomics 微积分Calculus会计专业会计学Accounting Principles 管理会计Managerial Accounting 会计信息系统Accounting Information Systems 财务管理Financial Management 财务报告分析Analysis of Financial Statement 国际会计International Accounting成本会计Cost Accounting 审计学Auditing Principles 投资学Investment Principles 货币银⾏学Money and Banking国际⾦融International Finance 统计学Principle of Stat财税法规与税务会计Laws and Regulations of Financeand Taxes预算会计Budget Accounting 会计研究⽅法Accounting Research Methods 内部审计与政府审计Internal Auditing and GovernmentAuditing会计审计实务Accounting and Auditing Practice 经济计量学Economic Metrology会计职业道德与责任Accounting Ethics and Responsibilities国际会计专题International AccountingSpecial Subject 微观经济学Microeconomics 货币银⾏学Money and Banking。
毕业论文外文文献翻译

2013届本科生毕业论文英文参考文献翻译
Oracle虚拟机服务器软件虚拟化在一个64位
Linux环境的性能和可扩展性
(译文)
学院(系):
信息工程
专业年级:
学生姓名:
指导教师:
合作指导教师:
完成日期:
2013年6月
Oracle虚拟机服务器软件虚拟化在一个64位Linux环境的性能和可扩展性
benefits, however, this has not been without its attendantproblems and anomalies, such as performance tuning anderratic performance metrics, unresponsive virtualized systems,crashed virtualized servers, misconfigured virtual hostingplatforms, amongst others. The focus of this research was theanalysis of the performance of the Oracle VM servervirtualization platform against that of the bare-metal serverenvironment. The scalability and its support for high volumetransactions were also analyzed using 30 and 50 active usersfor the performance evaluation. Swingbench and LMbench,two open suite benchmark tools were utilized in measuringperformance. Scalability was also measured using Swingbench.Evidential results gathered from Swingbench revealed 4% and8% overhead for 30 and 50 active users respectively in theperformance evaluation of Oracle database in a single OracleVM. Correspondingly, performance metric法
各专业课程英文翻译(精心整理)

各专业课程英文翻译(精心整理)生物及医学专业课程汉英对照表应用生物学 Applied Biology 医学技术 Medical Technology细胞生物学 Cell Biology 医学 Medicine生物学 Biology 护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology 口腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋生物学 Marine Biology 口腔/牙科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences微生物学 Microbiology 骨科医学 Osteopathic Medicine分子生物学 Molecular Biology 耳科学 Otology医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy口腔生物学 Oral Biology 足病医学 Podiatric Medicine寄生物学 Parasutology 眼科学 Ophthalmology植物生物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学 Preventive Medicine心理生物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology放射生物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling理论生物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing野生生物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing环境生物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学 Therapeutics运动生物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology有机体生物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 V eterinary Sciences生物统计学 Biometrics 牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences生物物理学 Biophysics 牙科科学 Dentistry生物心理学 Biopsychology 皮肤学 Dermatology生物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学 Endocrinology生物工艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics生物化学 Biological Chemistry 解剖学 Anatomy生物工程学 Biological Engineering 麻醉学 Anesthesia生物数学 Biomathematics 临床科学 Clinical Science生物医学科学 Biomedical Science 临床心理学 Clinical Psychology细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing力学专业数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry 常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation 数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics 计算方法 Numerical Methods 理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics材料力学 Mechanics of Materials 弹性力学 Elasticity流体力学 Fluid Mechanics 力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics机械制图 Machining Drawing 力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics气体力学 Gas Dynamics 计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates 粘性流体力学 V iscous Fluid Flow弹性力学变分原理 V ariational Principles inElasticity 有限元法 Finite Element Method 塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity经典力学中的数学方法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器人动力学 Dynamics of Robots 自动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control 优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 概率与统计 Probability and Statistics专业英语 English for Mechanics 振动理论 Theory of V ibration程序设计方法(C和FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN水动力学 Hydrodynamics 计算机图象处理 Image Processing光测力学 Photo Mechanics 断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics高等动力学 Advanced Dynamics 摄动方法 Perturbation Methods机械设计与Auto CAD Machinery Designing and AutoCAD信息显示(可视化) V isualization微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer 复变函数 Complex Function企业管理专业管理学 Principles of Management 微观经济学 Microeconomics宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 产业经济学 Industrial Economics 财务管理 Financial Management项目评估 Projects Appraisal 战略管理 Strategic Management管理沟通 Management Negotiation 国际商务谈判 Negotiation on Business Affairs跨国公司专题研究 Special Researchof multinational corporation国际贸易 InternationalTrade 国际营销研究 International Marketing Research公司组织与管理 Organization and Managementof Corporate战略管理 Strategic Management 生产管理研究 Operation Management企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 组织行为学 Organizational Behavior运筹学 Operational Research 人力资源管理 Human Resource Management信息管理专业高等数学 Higher Mathematics 信息存储与检索 Information Retrieval andStorage数据库系统 Database 信息服务与用户 information Service and UserStudy 信息管理概论 Introduction to InformationManagement信息经济学 Information Economics 企业信息化工程 Enterprise Informationalization社会实践 Practical Work 信息分析与决策Information Analysis andPolicy Making 管理学原理 Principles of Management 信息政策与法规 Information Policy and Law信息组织 Information Organization 计算机网络 Computer Networks管理信息系统 Management Information System 线性代数 Linear Algebra决策分析 Policy Making 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics概率统计 Statistics and ProbabilityTheory 生产与运作管理 Production Management 电子商务 Electronic Commerce 信息系统安全与保密 Information System Security 政府信息化工程 Government Informationalization广告实务 Practice of Advertisement 多媒体技术 Multimedia操作系统 Operating System 信息科学基础 Foundations of InformationScience 经济信息管理 Economic Information Management 专业英语 Specialty English微机基础 Principles of Microcomputers 文献计量学 Bibliometrics电子出版技术 Electronic Publishing 广告概论 Introduction to Advertisement信息环境论 Information Environments 传播学原理 Principles of CommunicationTheory 知识产权法学 Law of Intelligence Property 组织行为学 Studies of Organization货币银行学专业货币银行学 Money and Banking 管理信息系统 System of Management Information 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 运筹学 Operational Research策略管理 Strategic Management 保险学 Insurance银行会计 Bank Accounting 管理会计 Managerial Accounting运筹学 Operational Research 国际贸易 International Trade财务管理 Financial Management 国际金融 International Finance租赁与信托 Hiring and Affiancing 证券投资学 Security Analysis and Investment商业银行实务 Practice of Business Bank 国际结算 International Balance项目评估 Projects Appraisal 金融市场学 Financial Marketing人力资源管理 Human Resource Management财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement财务案例分析 Case Analysis of FinancialManagement物理专业热学 Thermodynamics 力学 Mechanics光学 Optics 电磁学 Electromagnetism计算概论 Computing Generality 普通物理实验 General Physics Laboratory固体磁性及应用基础 Magnetism of the Solid Stateand its Application衍射物理(固体结构分析) Diffraction Physics (Structureof Solid Analysis)科研实用软件 Utility Software for ScientificResearch计算机模拟方法 Computer Simulation Methods激光原理、技术与应用 The Principle, Techniqueand Application of Laser材料物理 Materials Physics 近代光学和光电子学 Modern Optics and Optoelectronics 现代固体物理 Modern Solid State Physics 粒子物理 Particle Physics物理宇宙学基础 Elements of Cosmology Physics 固体物理 Solid State Physics原子物理 Atomic Physics 量子力学 Quantum Mechanics理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 电动力学 Electrodynamics普通物理综合实验 Synthetical Experiments ofGeneral Physics市场营销学专业营销管理 Marketing Management 公共关系 Public Relationship国际贸易 International Trade 消费者行为 Consumer Behavior管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 营销调研 Marketing Research推销学 Sales Strategies 国际金融 International Finance营销预测与规划 Marketing Forecasting andPlanning销售渠道管理 ales Channels Management 管理学 Principles of Management国际市场营销 International Marketing 商业谈判 Business Negotiation广告管理 Advertising Management 营销案例分析 Case Studies of Marketing国际贸易实务 Practice of InternationalTrade 服务业营销 Service Industry Marketing企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 新产品开发 New Products Development财务学专业货币银行学 Money and Banking 证券投资学 Security Analysis and Investment 财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement 国际金融 International Finance保险学 Insurance 财务案例分析 Case Analysis of FinanceManagement 国际财务管理 International Financial Management 资产评估 Assets Appraisal项目评估 Projects Appraisal 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics财务管理 Financial Management 管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 运筹学 Operational Research 策略管理 Strategic Management管理会计 Managerial Accounting 微观经济学 Microeconomics管理学 Principles of Management 微积分 Calculus统计学 Principles of Statistics会计专业会计学 Accounting Principles 成本会计 Cost Accounting管理会计 Managerial Accounting 审计学 Auditing Principles会计信息系统 Accounting Information Systems 投资学 Investment Principles财务管理 Financial Management 货币银行学 Money and Banking财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement 国际金融 International Finance国际会计 International Accounting 统计学 Principle of Stat财税法规与税务会计 Laws and Regulations of Financeand Taxes预算会计 Budget Accounting 会计研究方法 Accounting Research Methods 内部审计与政府审计 Internal Auditing and GovernmentAuditing会计审计实务 Accounting and Auditing Practice 经济计量学 Economic Metrology会计职业道德与责任 Accounting Ethics and Responsibilities国际会计专题 International AccountingSpecial Subject 微观经济学 Microeconomics。
土木工程建筑外文翻译外文文献高层建筑的消防安全设计

土木工程建筑外文翻译外文文献高层建筑的消防安全设计Fire Safety Design for High-rise BuildingsKeywords: fire safety, high-rise buildings, means of escape, fire resistant materials, fire detection and alarm systems, fire suppression systems, fire risk assessment, emergency plans1. Introduction2. Means of Escape3. Fire Resistant Materials4. Fire Detection and Alarm SystemsEarly detection of a fire is crucial to allow for the safe evacuation of occupants. High-rise buildings should be equipped with fire detection and alarm systems, including smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual call points. These systems should be interconnected and monitored to ensure prompt notification of a fire.5. Fire Suppression Systems6. Fire Risk AssessmentBefore occupancy, a fire risk assessment should be conducted to identify potential fire hazards and ensure appropriate fire safety measures are in place. This assessment should considerthe building's use, occupant load, and fire resistance ofconstruction materials. Regular fire risk assessments shouldalso be conducted to address any changes in building use or occupancy.7. Emergency PlansHigh-rise buildings should have well-defined emergency plans that outline the actions to be taken in the event of a fire. These plans should include procedures for evacuating occupants, contacting emergency services, and isolating fire-affected areas. Regular drills and training sessions should be conducted to familiarize occupants with the emergency procedures.8. ConclusionFire safety design is critical in high-rise buildings to protect the lives of occupants and minimize property damage. Designers and engineers should consider means of escape, fire resistant materials, fire detection and alarm systems, fire suppression systems, fire risk assessments, and emergency plans when designing a high-rise building. By implementing these measures effectively, the risk of fire-related incidents can be significantly reduced.。
建筑施工质量控制外文翻译参考文献

建筑施工质量控制外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)译文:建筑施工过程中质量管理的动机分析和控制方法的研究摘要在建筑施工过程中实施质量管理可以有效地防止在后续建筑产品使用过程中安全事故的发生。
与此同时可以减少建设供应链的总成本,这也有利于增强建筑施工企业的品牌知名度和声誉。
在建筑施工过程中结合质量管理过程和当前建筑施工阶段的主要质量问题,分析了建设过程中的管理动机,将供应链管理与目标管理理念和方法应用到质量管理中,最后提出了具体的质量控制措施。
这些都是为了在建筑施工过程中提高建筑产品的总体质量。
关键字——建筑施工、质量管理、质量动机、控制1.引言调查显示建筑施工企业主要采用现场控制的质量管理模式是预先控制。
大多企业常常使得建筑施工过程中与建设管理中的质量管理相同,他们通常忽略了施工准备阶段质量问题的预防,如供应商的选择、道路的规划和临时设施,这些因素在建筑施工过程中的质量管理上起着至关重要的作用。
建设质量事故频繁发生,引起了许多领域的高度关注,如各级政府部门、施工企业和业主,特别是重庆綦江虹桥的坍塌、五龙的滑坡和洪湖湿地路基施工中的一系列质量安全事故,人们开始对施工质量问题做全方位的思考。
通过研究李秀峰总结归纳了造成工程的质量问题并引入项目质量控制分析方法,Low Sui Pheng 和Jasmine Ann Teo[2] 建立了施工中的质量管理框架来通过经验分析实现项目的质量控制,SangHyun Lee and others[3] 利用系统质量动态结构和变更管理模型的编程方法和控制方法,最终实现了大规模的并行设计和施工项目的管理和控制。
方唐分析了建设项目质量管理的整个过程和控制方法,她认为应该实现对影响建设单位质量的人、材料、机械、方法和环境的完全控制;吴天翔研究出管理因素是影响建设项目质量控制的重要因素,强调了施工过程中需要严格控制的各个方面和整体实现加强管理的需要。
为了解决建设施工过程中的建设质量问题,韩伟建立了一个建筑项目的分析和处理程序。
工程力学外文翻译范文工程力学英文什么说

工程力学外文翻译范文工程力学英文什么说工程力学,英文是:engineering mechanics。
例句:并基于工程力学对充填体强度及其安全性进行了分析研究。
An analysis study was conducted on the strength and safety of the backfill materialbased on the engineering mechanics.详细解释:engineering英[?end???n??r??] 美[?end???n?r??]n. 工程(学),工程师行业; 操纵,管理; 土木工程,工事; 开车技术;[例句]He has not studied mechanics or engineering.他没有学习过力学和工程学。
mechanics 英[m?'k?n?ks] 美[m??k?n?ks]n. 力学; 机械学; 构成法; 技术;[例句]He has not studied mechanics or engineering.他没有学习过力学和工程学。
机械学院工程力学专业的英文是Engineering Mechanics major in Mechanical Engineering。
工程力学专业本专业培养具备力学基础理论知识、计算和试验能力,能在各种工程(如机械、土建、材料、能源、交通、航空、船舶、水利、化工等)中从事与力学有关的科研、技术开发、工程设计和力学教学工作的高级工程科学技术人才。
本专业主要学习力学、数学基本理论和知识,受到必要的工程技能训练,具有应用计算机和现代实验技术手段解决与力学有关的工程问题的基本能力。
《工程力学》是土木工程专业主要的技术基础课,而且也是学生公认的一门比较难学的课程。
该课程不但要求学生能正确理解基本概念,而且要求学生要学会用所学内容求解各种工程和生活中的各种力学问题。
所以该课程要求学生具有较好的高等数学基础。
中央文献重要术语英文翻译

中央文献重要术语译文发布区域协同发展coordinated development betweenregions城乡发展一体化urban-rural integration物质文明和精神文明协调发展ensure that cultural-ethical andmaterial development progress together 军民融合发展战略military-civilian integration strategy经济建设和国防建设融合发展integrated development of the economyand national defense京津冀协同发展coordinated development of the Beijing,Tianjin, and Hebei region综合立体交通走廊multimodal transport corridor居住证制度residence card system财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制mechanism linking the transfer payments a local government receives to the number of former rural residents granted urban residency in its jurisdiction城镇建设用地增加规模同吸纳农业转移人口落户数量挂钩机制mechanism linking increases in the amount of land designated for urban development in a locality to the number of former rural residents granted urban residency there中国特色新型智库new type of Chinese think tanks马克思主义理论研究和建设工程Marxist Theory Research and DevelopmentProject哲学社会科学创新工程initiative to promote innovation inphilosophy and the social sciences网络内容建设工程initiative to enrich online content 农村人居环境整治行动rural living environment improvementinitiative历史文化名村名镇towns and villages with rich historicaland cultural heritage美丽宜居乡村 a countryside that is beautiful andpleasant to live in中文英文全面建成小康社会决胜阶段theprosperous society in all respects欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
石油词汇英语翻译

石油词汇英语翻译S & W 沉积物和水s and c 暂时停产S clamp S 型夹S filter 维纳滤波器S R log 岩屑录井S shaped curve S 形曲线S T a C 短螺纹和接箍S T B 储罐桶数S T B 地震遥测标S 饱和度S 表面光洁度S 部门;段;截面S 冲程S 串联;系列;丛书S 次级的S 符号S 开关S 硫S 秒S 南S 南方的S 潜水艇S 赛氏秒数S 砂岩;砂层S 速度S 稳定性S 西门子S 先令S 应力S 志留纪s 铯s-band S波段S-bend pipe S型弯管S-D spacing 源距s-f. 半加工的s-f. 信号频率s-f. 自动送料S-fold S-形褶皱S-joint S节理S-line 导纳线S-methodpipelaying S法铺管S-P interval 纵波-横波首波的间隔S-parameter testset S参数测试仪S-plane S面S-plot S形曲线S-shaped hole S形井眼S-type well S形井S-wave intervalvelocity 横波层速度S-wave 横波S-wrench S形扳手S. Ahd 慢速前进S. Ast. 慢速后退S. Lat. 南纬S.A. 密封总成S.B.S. 海底增压系统S.C. 标准导电率S.C. 标准状态S.C. 单导线S.C. 单接点S.C. 短路S.C. 钢铸件S.C.C. 单层纱包S.C.I.C. 半导体集成电路S.D. 停工S.E.NO. 水蒸气乳化度s.f. 超音频S.F. 雕嵌面s.f. 剪力s.f. 平方英尺s.f. 自激;自馈S.G. 标准规;标准轨距S.G. 单槽的S.G. 火花隙S.G. 帘栅极S.G. 天然气显示S.G. 信号发生器S.G.E. 地面接地电极S.I.C. 科学信息中心S.I.T. 自发着火点s.l.f. 直线频率式的s.l.w. 直线波长式s.m. 米s.m. 伺服电动机s.m. 小的S.M.B. 国家矿产局S.M.E. 制造工程师学会S.P. 供应点S.P. 固化点S.P. 火花塞S.P. 说明书S.P. 速度S.P. 特有的;比的S.P. 污水管S.P. 样本S.P. 蒸汽压力S.P. 专门工程S.P.V.M. 单脉冲伏特计S.R.V. 表面复合速度s.s. 砂岩S.T. 标准温度S.T. 表面张力S.T. 钢桁架S.T. 海运S.T. 开始时间S.T. 明沟s.t. 酸处理S.T.B 储罐桶数s.t.o. 储罐油S.U. 西格马单位S.W.Gge) 标准线规S.W.Gge) 钢丝线规s.w.r 钢丝绳SA 半自动的SA 持续加速度SA 短臂SA 光谱分析SA 剪切面积SA 减震SA 截面积SA 南非洲SA 系统分析SA 信号衰减SA 旋转轴SA 自动的sabinane 桧烷Sabinas 萨比纳斯统sabinene 桧萜Sabinian 萨宾阶sabkha 萨勃哈sabot 镗杆sabotage 故意毁坏sabulous 砂质的saccharide 糖类;糖化物saccharification糖化作用saccharimeter 糖量计saccharin 糖精saccharoidaldolomite 糖粒状白云岩saccharoidaltexture 砂糖状结构saccharoidal 砂糖状saccharometer 糖量计saccharose 蔗糖sack cement 袋装水泥sack contentweight 袋装重量sack room 干水泥和添加剂储藏室sack 包sack-likestructure 囊状构造sacked gravelpacking sand 袋装砾石充填砂sacked 袋装的sacle arm 天平杆sacrifice agent牺牲剂sacrifice protection 牺牲阳极防护sacrifice 牺牲sacrificial anode 牺牲阳极sacrificial magnesium anode 牺牲镁阳极sacrificial protection 牺牲阳极保护sacrificial zinc anode 牺牲锌阳极sacrificialzinc-ribbon anode 牺牲锌带阳极saddle axis 背斜轴saddle back 鞍背saddle bearing 游梁轴承saddle bend 褶皱鞍形顶部saddle boiler 鞍形锅炉saddle clamp 鞍形卡箍saddle flange 鞍型法兰saddle fold 鞍状褶皱saddle function鞍式函数saddle key 鞍形键;空键saddle packing 鞍形填料saddle point 鞍点saddle repairclamp 鞍形修管夹saddle shaped 鞍形saddle spring 鞍式弹簧saddle support 鞍式支座saddle washer 鞍形垫圈saddle weight 压重块saddle 鞍;鞍状物;凹谷;滑板saddle-backed 鞍状的saddle-mount 托架SAE number 润滑油牌号SAE 汽车工程师学会saf 安全SAF 选择性酸化配方safari solution萨费里解safe allowable stress 安全容许应力safe area 安全地区safe atmosphere 无毒无爆炸危险的环境safe bearing load 安全承载safe concentration 安全浓度safe custody 保管safe distance 安全距离safe fire zone 安全点火地带safe harbour rules 避风港规则safe heat transfer 安全传热safe level 安全限度safe limit 安全限制safe load 安全载荷safe operation 安全操作safe practice 安全技术safe producingrate 安全产量safe reliability安全可靠性safe stress 安全应力safe voltage 安全电压safe yield 可靠产量safe 安全的safe-handlingprocedure 安全处理规程safeguard bit 保护位safeguard clause保护条款safeguardprocedures 防护措施safeguard 保险板safekeeping 妥善保护safety alarmdevice 安全警报装置safety analysistechnique 安全分析技术safety apparatus保险装置safety appliance防护用具safety arrestment 安全制动safety assessment 安全评估safety belt 安全带safety bleeder valve 安全放泄阀safety board 安全台safety box 安全箱;安全吊架safety brake 安全闸safety by-pass 安全旁通管;安全放泄管safety cable 保险索;安全电缆safety cam 安全凸轮safety cap 安全帽safety case 安全状况safety catch 可熔保险丝;安全挡safetycertificate 安全证书safety chain 安全链;接地链;保险链safety checker 安全检测器safety chuck 钻杆座safety clamp 安全卡子safety clearance安全间隙safety clutch 安全离合器safety code 安全规程safetycoefficient 安全系数safety color 安全色safety controlhead 安全控制头safety coupling安全联轴节safety curtain 防火幕safety cut out 熔丝断路器safety detector安全检测器safety detonator安全雷管safety education安全教育safetyengineering 安全工程safety equipment 安全设备safety evaluation 安全评价safety exhaust 安全排气阀safety factor 安全系数safety feature 安全装置safety flare 安全照明灯safety fuel 高闪点航空燃料safety fuse 安全导火线safety gear 安全装置;保险齿轮safety glass 安全玻璃safety goggles 护目镜safety ground 安全接地safety groundingdevice 安全接地装置safety guard 保险板safety harness 安全带safety hat 安全帽safety helmet 安全帽safety hoist 安全起重机safety hook 安全大钩safety inproduction 安全生产safety inspector安全检查员safety interlock安全连锁装置safety joint 安全接头safety ladder 安全梯safety lamp 安全灯safety latch 安全闩safety level 安全液面;安全水位;安全级safety lighting安全照明safety link 安全环safety load 安全载荷safety lockingpin 安全锁销safety lockwire安全锁线safety management system 安全管理系统safety margin 安全储备safety measures 安全措施safety net 安全网safety notice 安全标志safety nut 安全螺母safety operation area 安全工作区safety pin 安全销safety platform 井架二层台safety plug 安全塞safety practice 安全措施safety precaution安全预防措施safety program 安全计划safety record 安全记录safetyregulations 安全规程safety relay 保安继电器safety reliefvalve 安全泄压阀safety rope 安全绳safety rule 安全规则safety screen 安全罩safety sealpacker 安全密封封隔器safety sensor 安全传感器safety set screw安全止动螺钉safety shear sub安全剪切接头safety shoes 安全鞋safety shut-offvalve 安全关闭阀safety shutdownvalve 安全隔断阀safety slide 安全滑车safety slips 安全卡瓦safety stirrup 安全卡盘safety stock 安全库存量safety stop 安全限位挡块safety sub 安全接头safety switch 安全开关safety technique 安全技术safety tool 无火花工具safety valve seat 安全阀门座safety valve 安全阀safety washer 安全垫圈safety weight 安全重量;保险阀重锤safety working pressure rating 额定安全工作压力值safety working pressure 安全工作压力safety 安全safety-strap 安全带saffron 番红花sag and swell 凹凸构造;波状起伏构造;凹凸地形;波状起伏地形sag arch 张力拱sag crossing 下垂穿越sag curve 挠度曲线sag dome 张力穹sag of protectingcoating 保护层脱落sag pipe 下垂管sag prevention 防流挂sag resistancetest 抗流淌试验sag structure 下陷构造sag subduction 沉陷俯冲消亡作用sag tester 流挂试验机sag 下垂;垂度sagbend region 垂弯区Sagenachitina 网几丁虫属saggar 铸件退火箱sagger =saggarsagging condition中垂状态sagging curve 下垂曲线sagging moment 中垂力矩sagging 下垂;垂度;挠度;凹陷;中垂;船身下垂sagitta 矢;矢星座SAH 旋转接头Sahisporites 桑尼粉属saif 纵向沙丘sail angle 最大偏角;最后角sail line 航海线SAIL 地震波阻抗曲线sail 帆;帆状物;帆船;航行sailaba 泛滥平原sailboat 帆船sailcloth 帆布sailing directions 航海指南sailing lists 航运表sailing route 航线sailing warranty航行特约条款sailing 航行sailor 水手;水兵sailors' mess 水手餐室sailplane 滑翔机Saimian 赛姆阶Saint Croixian 圣克鲁阿阶SAINT 卫星监视器sakalavite 玻基安山岩sake 缘故Sakmanan 萨克马尔阶sal ammoniac cell氯化铵电池sal ammoniac 卤砂Sal log 水压计程仪sal tartari 碳酸钾SAL 单锚腿sal 硅铝带SAL 沙特阿拉伯轻油salable item 可售产品salamander 能耐高热的人;拨火棒;炉底结块salar 盐坪沉积物salara salar的复数salary 薪金sale by proxy 代销sale oncommission 佣金代销sale service 销售服务sale 出售;销数saleand leaseback 出售回租sales analysis 销售分析sales and distribution cost 产品销售费用sales contract 售货合同sales discount 销售折扣sales journal 销货日记帐sales line connection receptacle 销售管连接座sales line 销售管线sales promotion促销;推销sales quota 销售限额sales rate 销售率sales realizationmethod 销售量确认法sales revenue 销售收入sales riser base销售立管基座sales riser 售油立管sales tax 销售税sales volume 营业额sales-quality gas合格天然气salesman 营业员salesmen salesman的复数salesperson 推销员salicyl 水杨基salicylate 水杨酸盐salicylic acid 水杨酸salience 凸起saliency=saliencesalient feature特点salient relief 显著的地形起伏salient 凸出部;扇形地背斜轴saliferous clay盐渍土saliferous 盐渍化的salification 变咸salina solonchak 盐沼地salina 盐泽Salinan series 含盐统Salinan 萨莱纳阶salinastone 盐类岩saline algae 盐生藻类saline bog 咸水沼泽saline connate water 含盐共生水saline deposit 盐类沉积saline dispersion halo 盐分散晕saline dome 盐穹saline facies 盐相saline formation含盐建造saline lake 盐湖saline lick 盐类沉积saline minerals盐类矿物saline mud 盐水泥浆saline water 盐水saline 盐水salinelle 含盐泥火山salineness 含盐度saliniferous 盐土的salinimeter 盐液密度计salinitycorrection factor盐度校正系数salinity gradient含盐量梯度salinityindicator ratio矿化度指示比salinity logging盐度测井salinitystratification按盐度分层salinity 矿化度salinometer 含盐量测定计salinous 咸的salitrite 榍石霓辉岩Salixipollenites柳粉属sally 出击SALM 单锚腿系泊salmiac 氯化铵;硇砂Salmian 萨尔姆阶salmon 橙红色salometer 盐液比重计salometry 含盐量测定saloon deck 头等舱甲板saloon 大厅;餐车Salopian 萨洛普阶SALS system 单锚腿储油系统salse 泥火山salt anticline 盐背斜salt base mud 盐基泥浆salt basin 含盐盆地salt bath 盐浴salt bearing 含盐的salt bed 盐层salt brine 盐溶液salt cake 盐饼salt cement 含盐水泥saltconcentration 含盐浓度saltcontamination 盐侵salt content 含盐量salt corestructure 盐核构造salt core 盐核salt crystal 盐晶salt deposit 盐类沉积salt diapir 盐刺穿salt diapirism 盐底辟作用salt dome oil pool盐丘油藏salt dome storage盐丘地下储库salt dome trap 盐丘圈闭salt dome 盐丘salt droplet test盐雾试验salt elimination除盐salt encrustation盐壳salt exclusion 脱盐salt face 盐丘面salt feature 盐丘特征salt flank 盐岩侧翼salt flat 盐滩salt flowage 盐流salt fog cabinet 盐雾箱salt glacier 盐川salt kill pill 盐丸分隔剂salt lake 盐湖salt lick 盐沼地salt mud 盐水泥浆salt pan 盐池salt plug 盐柱salt pond 盐池salt pro 含盐剖面测井salt rampart 盐障salt removal 脱盐salt residual 盐丘剩余值salt resisting 耐盐的salt ridge 岩盐岭salt roller 岩盐隆起salt soda 碳酸钠salt solusion 盐溶液salt spray test盐雾试验salt stock 盐株salt string 隔离盐水层技术套管salt structure 盐体构造salt swamp 盐沼salt table 盐台salt tolerance 抗盐限度salt up 井中积盐salt uplift 岩盐隆起salt wall 岩盐墙salt waste 盐质沙漠salt water basemud 盐水基泥浆salt waterbearing reservoir盐水储层salt watercontamination 盐水侵salt waterencroachment 海水侵入salt waterimmersion test 盐水浸渍试验salt water 矿化水;盐水salt weighted 用盐加重的salt 盐salt-bearingsection 含盐剖面salt-brine cement 含盐水泥salt-collapse structure 盐塌构造salt-cored structure 盐核构造salt-cored trap 盐核圈闭salt-dome boundary 盐丘界面salt-dome well 盐丘井salt-filtering盐渗salt-fog chamber 盐雾室salt-fog test 盐雾试验salt-generated paleostructure盐成古构造salt-lake basin盐湖盆地salt-marsh plain盐沼平原salt-motivateduplift 盐成隆起salt-plug pool 盐栓油气藏salt-poor cementslurry 低含盐水泥浆salt-rich cementslurry 高含盐水泥浆salt-roof rock 盐盖层salt-sinter 盐华salt-stock family盐栓族salt-tolerant 耐盐的salt-water clay含盐粘土salt-water well产盐水的油井saltation flow 跃阶式充填saltation mark 跳跃痕saltationtransport 跳跃搬运saltation 跃移saltatoryevolution 突变演化;突变论salted well 灌原油欺骗投资者的无生产能力井saltiness 咸性salting of soil土壤盐碱化salting-out 盐析saltness 盐度saltpeter 硝石saltpetre=saltpeter saltwater disposal well 盐水处置井saltwater hauler 油田盐水罐车;处置油田盐水的服务公司saltwater injection 注盐水saltwater mud 盐水泥浆salty mud 盐水泥浆salty water 盐水salutation 致意;客气称呼salute 行礼;礼炮;致意;迎接;赞扬salvagability 求援机动性salvage boat 救助船salvage charges打捞费salvage company打捞公司salvage corps 消防队salvage pontoon打捞浮筒salvage shop 修理工厂salvage sump 废油收集池salvage value 残值salvage vessel 救助船salvage 救捞salvaging 废物利用salvation 救济;拯救salver 金属盘;拖盘Salviniaspora 槐叶萍孢属salvo 齐射;齐鸣;突然爆发;连续投salvor 打捞船SAM 地对空导弹Sam. inj. 试样注射;进样samarium 钐samarium-neodymium age method 钐-铷年龄same faciesdifference time同相异期same place 同名点same position 同名位置sameness 同一;同样;千篇一律sample analyzer 试样分析器sample application 点样sample applicator 点样器sample average 样本均值sample axis 样本轴sample bag 岩屑样品袋sample blob 取样器sample bomb 样品储存器sample bottle 取样瓶sample box 样品盒sample bucket 洗砂样的容器sample cast 样品铸模sample catcher 取样工sample cell 样品室sample chamber 样品室samplecharacteristicfunction 样本特征函数sample circuit 采样电路sample cock 取样旋塞sample collection试样收集sample collector试样收集器sampleconcentration 试样浓缩samplecondensation 试样冷凝sample container样品储存器samplecontamination 样品污染samplecorrelationcoefficient 样本相关系数sample covariance样本协方差sample cup 样品杯sample cutter 岩心爪sample degradation 试样降解sample depth 取样深度sample design 样本设计sample dispersion 样本离差sample distribution 样本分布sample drawing 抽样sample evaporation chamber 试样气化室sample evaporation 试样气化;试样蒸发sample frequency 采样频率samplegasification 试样气化sample holder 试样夹sample hose 样品管sampleidentification砂样鉴定sample injectionport 试样注射口sample injector试样注射器sample inquiry 抽样调查sample interval取样间隔sampleintroduction 进样sample jar 样品罐sample length 样品长度;取样长度sample log 取样剖面sample mark 取样深度标sample mean 样品平均值samplemeasurement 样品测量sample median 样本中位数sample mud 岩屑录井泥浆sample number 样品号sample ordinationmethod 样品定位法sample outcrop 样品露头sample pan 砂样盘sample period 取样周期sample plasma bottle 试样瓶sample point 取样点sample population 抽样总体sample pot 样品罐sample preparation 样品处理sample prescription bottle 砂样瓶sample pressure transducer 取样压力换能器sample pretreatment 样品预处理sample probe 试样探针sample procedure取样程序sample processing样品加工sample program 抽样程序sample rate 取样速度sample receiver试样容器sample recovery试样回收sample regressioncoefficient 样本回归系数sample retention样品保存sample room 样品室;样品陈列室sample sack 样品袋sample sieveanalysis 砂样筛析sample size 试样量sample space 样品空间sample spliter 分样器sample splitting砂样分取sample standarddeviation 样本标准偏差sample survey 抽样调查sample taker 取样器sample technique抽样技术sample thief 取样器sample trough 泥浆临时取样盒sample valve 取样阀sample variance 样本方差sample window 采样窗口sample workpiece 样品工件sample 样品sample-data control 采样数据控制sample-data system 采样数据系统sample-grabber油样抽取者sample-jerker 取样员sample-out count本底计数sample-taking gun取样器sample-to-background activityratio 样品-本底活性比sampled signal 采样信号sampled well 取样井sampled-datacomputer 采样数据计算机sampleman 取样工sampler 取样工;采样器samplingapparatus 取样器samplingappliance 取样用具sampling bias 取样偏差sampling channel采样道sampling circuit采样电〔管samplingcondition 取样条件samplingconfiguration 采样模式sampling density采样密度sampling depth 取样深度sampling design取样设计sampling device取样用具sampling error 采样误差sampling frequency 采样频率sampling function 取样函数sampling gate 采样门sampling grid 采样网格sampling head 采样头sampling hold circuit 采样保持电路sampling horizon 取样层位sampling hut 取样室sampling information 抽样信息samplinginspection 取样检查sampling instant采样时刻sampling interval采样层段sampling jar 取样瓶sampling loop 采样环路sampling mesh 抽样网络samplingobservation 取样检查samplingoscilloscope 采样示波器sampling pattern采样模式sampling pipe 取样管sampling plan 取样方案sampling point 取样点sampling probe 取样针sampling pulsegenerator 采样脉冲发生器sampling pulse 抽样脉冲sampling rate 采样率sampling ratio 取样比samplingreceptacle 样品容器sampling spot 取样点sampling system 取样系统sampling technique 取样技术sampling test 取样试验sampling theorem 取样定理sampling thief 采样器sampling valve 采样阀sampling well 取样井sampling with replacement 有放回抽样sampling without replacement 无放回抽样sampling 取样sampson post 游梁支柱SAMS 卫星自动监视系统sanatoriasanatorium的复数sanatron 窄脉冲多谐振荡管sanction 批准sand accumulation砂粒累积sand anchor 砂锚sand apron 砂裙sand arch 砂桥sand bailer 捞砂筒sand bank 砂滩sand barite 玫瑰花状重晶石sand barrier 沙坝sand baseline 砂层基线sand basin 沉沙池sand bath 砂浴sand beach 沙滩sand bin 支撑剂容器sand blasterosion 喷砂冲蚀sand blastedpanel 喷砂样板sand blasting 喷砂清理sand blower 喷砂器sand bodymorphology 砂体形态sand body 砂层sand box 砂箱;脱水除砂槽sand brake 捞砂滚筒刹车sand bridge 砂桥sand bucket 捞砂泵sand capacity 油层产油能力sand choke 耐磨蚀节流器sand clay 砂粘土sand clean out 冲砂sand cleaning fluid 冲砂液sand cleaning gate 清砂门sand cluster 砂粒团块sand coast 砂质海岸sand coking 地层砂焦化sand collector 沉砂罐sand column 人造岩心sand compartment砂塞sandconsolidationfluid 砂粒胶结溶液sandconsolidationresin 地层砂胶结树脂sandconsolidationtechnique 固砂技术sandconsolidation 地层砂胶结sandcontamination 砂侵sand contentapparatus 含砂量测定仪sand content set含砂量测定仪sand content 含砂量sand controlapplication 防砂作业sand controlcementingstraddle tool 防砂及挤水泥对口皮碗工具sand controlcompletion 防砂完井sand controlequipment 防砂设备sand controlgravel 防砂砾石sand control installation 防砂装置sand control job 防砂作业sand control life 防砂有效期sand control measure 防砂措施sand control operation 防砂作业sand control pack 防砂充填sand control package 成套防砂设备sand control packer 防砂封隔器sand control procedure 防砂作业程序sand controlscreen 防砂筛管sand controltechnique 防砂技术sand controltreatment 防砂作业sand control 含砂量控制sand controllingresult 防砂效果sand count 砂岩层总有效厚度;砂岩层总层数sand cracker 砂子裂解炉sand crushingresistance 砂子抗破碎强度sand cut 含砂量sand cutting 砂蚀;砂屑sand desert 砂质荒漠sand detectiondevice 测砂器sand detector 测砂器sand drum 捞砂滚筒sand dump valve排砂阀sand dune effect沙丘效应sand dune 沙丘sand entry area砂侵区sand entry 砂子侵入sand erosioncontrol 防止砂粒冲蚀sand erosion damage 砂粒冲蚀破坏sand erosion 砂蚀sand erosional effect 砂粒冲蚀效应sand erosional plug 砂粒冲蚀探测塞sand erosional probe 砂粒冲蚀探头sand exclusion 防砂sand face injection pressure 井底注入压力sand face pressure 井底流压sand face 钻开的生产层表面sand facies 砂相sand falling out砂粒沉降sand fallout 砂子沉出sand fill 砂堵sand filter 砂滤器sand filtration砂滤sand flat 砂坪sand flood 砂暴sand flow 出砂;砂流sand fracturing加砂压裂sand free gas 无砂天然气sand free oil 不含砂的油sand freeproduction 无砂生产sand furrow 砂沟sand graincluster 砂粒团块sand graincontact point 砂粒间的接触点sand graincontent 砂粒含量sand grain count砂粒计数sand grainroundness 砂粒圆度sand grainsphericity 砂粒球度sand grainuniformity 砂粒均匀度sand grain 砂粒sand grit 粗砂岩sand handling 供砂sand hill 沙冈sand hitch 打捞器sand hole 砂孔sand impinging 砂粒撞击sand inflow 地层砂流入sand influx 地层砂流入sand intrusion 砂侵入sand invasion 砂子侵入sand island 沙岛sand jet method 水力喷砂法sand jet perforator 水力喷砂射孔器sand jet 喷砂嘴sand laden mud 含砂泥浆sand laden 含砂的sand laminae 砂质薄夹层sand lens 砂质透镜体sand line pulley捞砂绳轮sand line reel 捞砂滚筒sand line 砂线;捞砂绳sand loam 亚砂土sand lobe 砂舌sand map 砂层图sand matrixdensity 砂岩骨架密度sand measurement含砂量测量sand member 砂层sand migration 砂粒运移sand mobile bed砂粒流动的河床sand mold casting砂型浇铸sand mold 砂型sand movement 地层砂运移sand off 充填结束sand out 充填结束sand pack filter砂粒充填过滤器sand pack height填砂高度sand pack 填砂模型sand packedfracture 填砂裂缝sand particle size range 砂粒粒度范围sand permeability 砂层渗透率sand plug 砂堵sand polygon 多边形砂sand porosity 砂层孔隙度sand prediction 出砂预测sand pressure 油层压力sand prevention 防砂sand probe 含砂探测头sand problem reservoir 出砂的产层sand problem well completion 出砂井完井sand producer 出砂油井sand producingformation 出砂地层sand producingregion 出砂区域sand producingtendency 出砂倾向sand productionmonitoring 出砂监测sand productionrate 出砂量sand production出砂sand promotingcondition 促使出砂的条件sand proportion加砂比sand pump grab 捞砂筒打捞爪sand pump 抽砂泵sand pumpings 泵出的砂屑样sand quality 砂粒质量sand reef 沙洲sand reel 捞砂滚筒sand removal 清砂sand retentiongravel 挡砂砾石sand return 返砂sand ribbon 沙垄sand ridge 砂脊sand ripple 砂波痕sand sampling 取砂样sand screening 滤砂sand screw feeding system 螺旋供砂系统sand section 砂层段sand separator 除砂器sand settling 砂粒沉降sand shadow 沙影sand sheet 席状砂sand shows 砂层中油苗sand size designation 砂粒尺寸选定sand smeller 地质学家sand solubility 砂粒溶解度sand sphericity砂粒球度sand spit 喷砂嘴sand stability 砂岩稳定性sand stalagmite砂石笋sand stop 防止砂子下落装置sand streak 簿砂岩夹层sand string 油层套管sand surface 砂面sand suspension砂粒悬浮sand swell 沙隆sand tamp 捣实砂塞sand tester 带筛孔油管的井下取样器sand thickness 产层厚度sand trap 分砂池sand trial 落砂试验sand truck 运砂车sand up 砂堵sand volcano 砂火山sand volume 砂岩体积;砂子体积sand washing 冲砂sand wave 沙波sand well 砂岩层产油井;出砂油井sand 砂sand-blast device喷砂设备sand-blasted pipe喷砂处理过的管子sand-carrier 携砂液sand-carrying agent 携砂液sand-cement mixture 砂-水泥混合料sand-cement slurry 水泥砂浆sand-coasted pipe 表面敷砂管sand-consolidati ng fluid 砂胶结液sand-controlled well plugging 防砂井堵塞sand-face shut-in 井底关井sand-fill port 充砂观察孔sand-filled tar 混砂焦油sand-filled tunnel 充满地层砂的炮眼sand-flag 层状砂岩sand-fluidproportioner 比例混砂装置sand-graincrushing 砂粒压碎sand-grain-sizedistribution 砂粒粒度分布sand-gravelmixture 砂-砾混合物sand-hog 原油除砂器;构筑隧道的工人sand-laden fluid含砂液sand-liquidjetting 含砂液喷射sand-oil blender混砂器sand-oil-squeezeoperation 挤砂-油作业sand-out pressure脱砂压力sand-pack flood填砂模型水驱试验sand-pack profile充填砂层剖面sand-packed model填砂模型sand-packed tubedisplacement 砂粒填充管驱替试验sand-pronedepositionalfacies 偏砂沉积相sand-proneseismic facies 偏砂地震相sand-shale boundary 砂泥岩界面sand-shale ratio 砂-页岩比sand-shale sequence 砂泥岩层序sand-size grain 砂级颗粒sand-sizeparticle 砂级颗粒sand-thickness map 砂岩等厚图sand-transport effeciency 携砂效率sand-transport truck 运砂车sand-waterblender 砂-水混合器sandar sandur的复数sandbag 沙包sandbank 沙滩sandbar 沙洲Sandberg process碳钢局部索氏体化处理sandblastpretreatment 喷砂预处理sandblast 喷砂sandcay 小砂岛sandcloth 砂布sanded up 砂堵sanded-upequipment 加砂填砂设备sander 撒砂器sandfaceconvolution plot井底褶积图sandface flowrate井底流量sandface rateconvolution 井底流量褶积sandface rate 井底流量sandfrac 加砂压裂sandiness 沙质sanding formation出砂地层sanding in 砂子堆集sandingprediction 出砂预测sanding tendency出砂倾向sanding up 形成砂堵sanding 出砂sandish 砂的sandiver 玻璃沫sandkey =sandcay sandoilwater slurry 油-水-砂浆液sandpack column 填砂柱sandpaper 砂纸;用砂纸擦光sandrammer 型砂捣固机sandrock 松散砂岩sands 含油砂岩地层;沙滩sandslinger 抛砂机sandspreader 撒砂机sandstoneacidizing 砂岩酸化sandstone ball 负荷球sandstone dike 砂岩墙sandstone dyke 砂岩墙sandstoneformation 砂岩地层sandstone grit 粗砂岩sandstone inblocks 块状砂岩sandstone pipe 砂岩管sandstonereservoir 砂岩储层sandstone seals砂岩封闭sandstone target砂岩射孔试验靶sandstone 砂岩sandur 冰水沉积平原sandwater slurry砂-水浆液sandwich concrete夹层混凝土sandwichconstruction 夹层结构sandwichcopolymer 嵌段共聚物sandwich girder夹合梁sandwich material夹合材料sandwich moulding夹心注塑sandwich plate 夹层板sandwich structure 叠层构造sandwich type internal floating cover 三明治式内浮顶sandwich valve 夹板阀sandwich 夹层sandy algal biomicrite 砂质藻屑生物微晶灰岩sandy algal biosparite 砂质藻屑生物亮晶灰岩sandy clay 砂质粘土sandy crude 含砂原油sandy formation砂质层系sandy gravel 砂砾石sandyintramicrite 砂质内碎屑微晶灰岩sandyintrasparite 砂质内碎屑亮晶灰岩sandy lime 砂质灰岩sandylow-sinuosityriver 砂质低弯度河流sandy marl 砂质泥灰岩sandy sapropel 砂质腐泥sandy silt 砂质淤泥sandy turbidite砂质浊积岩sandy well 出砂油井sandy 砂质的;含砂的sandy-conglomeratic flysch 砂质砾岩复理石sanguine 乐观的sanidal 大陆架的sanidine 透长石sanidinite 透长岩sanitarian 公共卫生的sanitary drainage生活污水排泄sanitaryequipment 卫生设备sanitary facility 卫生设施sanitary fill 垃圾堆积场sanitary fitting 卫生设备sanitary inspection 卫生检查;卫生监督sanitary installation 卫生装置sanitary landfill 卫生填埋sanitary outfit 卫生设备sanitary protection zone 卫生防护区sanitary pump 生活污水泵sanitary regulation 卫生条例sanitary sewage生活污水sanitary sewermanhole 污水管检查井;下水道检查井sanitary sewer 生活污水管sanitary waste 生活废物sanitarywastewater 生活废水sanitary water 卫生用水sanitary 卫生的sanitation system卫生系统sanitation 卫生;卫生设备;下水道设备sanitizer 消毒剂sannaite 霞闪正煌岩Sannoisian stage赛诺阶santalane 檀香烷santalene 檀香萜Santalumidites檀香粉属Santonian 桑托阶santorinite 紫苏安山岩Sanwa Bank 三和银行sap 树液;白木质;渗碳钢软心;风化岩石;坑道sapanthracite 腐泥无烟煤sapanthracon 腐泥烟煤sapanthrakon 高炭泥煤;含油页岩SAPCHE 半自动程序检验装置saphe 同态相位Sapindaceidites 无患子粉属SAPL 维修零件一览表saponaceous waterproofing agent 皂类防水剂saponated petroleum 皂化石油saponifiability 可皂化性saponification number 皂化值saponification 皂化saponifier 皂化剂saponite 皂石Saportanella 萨波特轮藻属Sapotaceoidaepollenites 山榄粉属SAPP 酸式焦磷酸钠sapper 坑道工兵;挖掘器sapphire point 蓝宝石轴承sapphire 蓝宝石sapphirine 假蓝宝石saprobe 污水生物saprocol 灰质腐泥saprodil 腐殖质煤saprodite 腐泥褐煤saprofication 腐泥化作用saprogen 腐生生物saprogenic 腐生的saprogenous 腐生的saprohumolithseries 腐泥腐殖煤系列saprokol 硬腐泥saprokonite 细粒灰岩saprolite 腐泥土sapromyxite 藻煤sapropel clay 腐泥粘土sapropel 腐泥sapropel-calc 腐泥钙藻岩sapropel-typecracking gas 腐泥型裂解气sapropel-type kerogen 腐泥型干酪根sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic rock 腐泥岩sapropelic 腐泥的sapropelinite 腐泥煤sapropelite 腐泥岩saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌saproplankton 污水浮游生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥saprovitrinite 腐泥镜质体saprovitrite 腐泥微镜煤SAR 安全分析报告SAR 合成孔径雷达SARABAND 斯仑贝谢公司泥质砂岩解释程序sarah 搜索、营救和归航的设备saran 萨冉树脂;莎纶;耐火塑料布sarcina methanica甲烷八迭球菌sarcolite 钠菱沸石Sardic orogeny 萨迪造山运动sardine 沙丁鱼;挤塞sargasso 马尾藻sargent tube 氢氟酸测斜仪的玻璃管sarkolith=sarcoliteSarmatian 萨尔马特阶sarnaite 霓辉钙霞正长岩sarsden stone 羊背石sarsen stone 羊背石sarsen 羊背石SAS 安全保证系统SAS 水下常压系统sash 框格saspachite 钾沸石SASS 悬挂式基阵监视系统sassolite 天然硼酸sastruga 雪波。
工程造价专业毕业外文文献、中英对照

工程造价专业毕业外文文献、中英对照中文翻译:工程造价专业毕业外文文献工程造价专业是一种重要的工程技术专业,主要负责工程投资的评估、选择和控制工程项目成本,以及项目质量、进度和安全。
因此,工程造价专业需要具备丰富的知识和技能,包括工程建设、经济学、管理学、数学、统计学等方面。
为了提高工程造价专业学生的综合能力,学习外文文献是不可或缺的步骤。
本文将介绍几篇与工程造价专业相关的外文文献,并提供中英文对照。
1)《The Role of Quantity Surveyors in Sustainable Construction》该文研究了数量调查师在可持续建筑中的作用,并深入探讨了数量调查师在项目的可持续性评估、营建阶段和运营阶段的角色和责任。
该文指出,数量调查师可以通过成本控制、资源利用、和材料选择等方面促进可持续建筑的发展,为未来可持续发展提供支持。
中文翻译:数量调查师在可持续建筑中的作用2)《Cost engineering》该文研究了造价工程的理论和实践,并提供了一系列工具和方法用于项目成本的控制和评估。
该文还深入探讨了工程造价和项目管理之间的关系,并提供了一些实用的案例研究来说明造价工程的实际应用。
中文翻译:造价工程3)《Construction cost management: learning from case studies》该文通过案例分析的方式来探讨建筑项目成本管理的实践。
该文提供了多个案例研究,旨在向读者展示如何运用不同的方法来控制和评估项目成本,并阐述了思考成本问题时需要考虑的多个因素。
中文翻译:建筑项目成本管理:案例学习4)《Project Cost Estimation and Control: A Practical Guide to Construction Management》该书是一本实用指南,详细介绍了在工程起始阶段进行项目成本估算的方法和技巧,以及如何在项目执行阶段进行成本控制。
安全工程专业英语本科教学的心得体会

安全工程专业英语本科教学的心得体会作者:蒋苏毓来源:《科技资讯》 2014年第25期蒋苏毓(郑州大学化工与能源学院河南郑州 450000)摘要:本文探讨了本科生安全工程专业英语教学中存在的问题,提出了通过调整教学内容,改进教学手段、教学方法和考核方式的手段,激发学生学习兴趣,改善教学效果。
关键词:本科教学专业英语教学改革中图分类号:G64 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2014)09(a)-0181-01专业英语练习是高等院校理工科英语教学大纲所要求的内容,目的是使本科生在所学专业内容方面进行英语阅读的系统训练。
在这阶段的学习中主要提高学生正确、快速地阅读英语科技文献的能力,初步学会专业英语的写作方法,掌握一定数量的科技词汇及其习惯用法,把学生学到的基础英语进行专业化训练。
笔者从事本科生安全工程专业外语教学多年,对本科阶段专业英语教学工作有以下见解和认识。
1 安全工程专业英语的特点及该课程教学中普遍存在的问题1.1 安全工程专业英语的特点安全工程专业英语是科技英语的一种,具有科技英语的普遍特点,如语言用词清晰、准确、精炼、严密;采用非人称语气、虚拟语气和被动语态来强调客观叙述和推理;在文章中大量使用分词、不定式和动名词等衔接紧密句子成分;为了表达一个复杂概念,在句子中后置定语形成长句等。
[1]此外,安全学科具有在理论上的综合性与应用上的广泛性相交叉的特性,开办安全工程专业的高等院校所依托的行业类型又涉及军工、航空、化工、石油、矿业、土木、交通、能源、环境、经济等诸多领域,[2]安全工程专业英语的词汇量涉及范围更广。
1.2 课程教学中普遍存在的问题1.2.1 课程时间安排不合理专业英语是大学本科学生在完成两年基础英语的学习后,在大学三、四年级所开设的旨在提高学生专业文献阅读能力的一门课程。
大多数学校的专业英语都开设在大三第一学期或大四第一学期。
对于工科学生而言,第三年才进入系统的专业课程学习,如果安排在第五学期,绝大多数专业课程还没有开始学习,学生不具备相应的专业知识,理解起来有困难;第七学期对于大四学生是所谓的“分水岭”学期,这时的学生,要么积极找工作,要么抓紧时间准备考研,对于专业英语的学习不够重视,认为专业英语课是一门负担。
学习周报总结范文(最新版)

学习周报总结范文学习周报总结范文学习周报总结范文篇一《学习周报》老龄办学习讨论落实活动进展情况周报第四期(2016年1月8日至2016年1月14日)区委学习讨论落实活动办公室:现将老龄办本周学习讨论落实活动进展情况报告如下:一、一周活动进展情况 1、1月12日,我办组织党员学习讨论 2、按照”关于引深学习讨论落实做好深刻反思剖析工作的通知”要求,对剖析材料进行讨论、修改。
二、下周重点工作安排 1、对剖析材料进行认真修改。
2、查找工作中存在的不足之处,并且及时进行整改。
三、好经验好做法四、活动中发现的问题五、意见建议六、其他重要情况老龄办 2016年1月14日学习周报总结范文篇二《个人工作周报范本》个人工作周报报告日期:报告提交人:部门:此报告需在每周完成所有工作的情况下提交至:每周一早7:30-8:30分为晨会时间,将根据此表进行讨论。
每天上班后请将邮箱开启,保持实时在线联系。
本周工作领导批示学习周报总结范文篇三《学习周报unit3》 Ann and Anna are sisters. Ann is as tall as Anna and they are both of medium build. Ann has longer hair than Anna. Ann is outing, but Anna is more outgoing than her and Anna is very popular in their school. They both have a lot of beautiful clothes, but Anna’s clothes are much cooler. They are in the same class and are both good at schoolork. Hoever, Ann’s grades are a little better than Anna’s. 学习周报总结范文篇四《关于公司半年总结学习报告》 2016年总结报告学习总结公司于2016年3月初召开2016年度总结及13年工作计划会议,会上各部门负责人及副总对刚过去的2016年进行了工作总结,总结中涉及部门主要工作、业绩、出现的问题以及解决的方案,都细致的进行了分析、探究。
施工组织设计外文翻译参考文献

施⼯组织设计外⽂翻译参考⽂献施⼯组织设计外⽂翻译参考⽂献(⽂档含中英⽂对照即英⽂原⽂和中⽂翻译)施⼯组织设计的重要性摘要:建筑⼯程在施⼯过程中,施⼯组织⽅案的优劣不仅直接影响⼯程的质量,对⼯期及施⼯过程中的⼈员安全也有重要影响。
施⼯组织是项⽬建设和指导⼯程施⼯的重要技术经济⽂件。
能调节施⼯中⼈员、机器、原料、环境、⼯艺、设备、⼟建、安装、管理、⽣产等⽭盾,要对施⼯组织设计进⾏监督和控制,才能科学合理的保证⼯程项⽬⾼质量、低成本、少耗能的完成。
关键词:项⽬管理施⼯组织⽅案重要性施⼯组织设计就是对⼯程建设项⽬整个施⼯过程的构思设想和具体安排,是施⼯组织管理⼯作的核⼼和灵魂。
其⽬的是使⼯程速度快、质量好、效益⾼。
使整个⼯程在施⼯中获得相对的最优效果。
1.编制施⼯组织设计重要性的原因建筑⼯程及其施⼯具有固定性与流动性、多样性与单件性、形体庞⼤与施⼯周期长这三对特点。
所以,每⼀建筑⼯程的施⼯都必须进⾏施⼯组织设计。
这是因为:其它⼀般⼯业产品的⽣产都有着⾃⼰固定的、长期适⽤的⼯⼚。
⽽建筑施⼯具有流动性的特点,不可能建⽴这样的⼯⼚,只能是当每⼀个建筑⼯程施⼯时,建⽴⼀个相应的、临时性的,如同⼯⼚作⽤性质的施⼯现场准备,即⼯地。
施⼯单件性特点与施⼯流动性特点,决定了每⼀建筑⼯程施⼯都要选择相应的机具和劳动⼒组织。
选择施⼯⽅法、拟定施⼯技术⽅案及其劳动⼒组织和机具配置,统称为施⼯作业能⼒配置。
施⼯周期的特点,决定了各种劳动⼒、机具和众多材料物资技术的供应时间也⽐较长,这就产⽣了与施⼯总进度计划相适应的物资技术的施⼯组织设计内容。
由此可见,施⼯组织设计在项⽬管理中是相当重要的。
2.施⼯组织设计⽅案的重要性建筑产品作为⼀种商品,在项⽬管理中⼯程质量在整个施⼯过程中起着极其重要的作⽤。
⼯程建设项⽬的施⼯组织设计与其⼯程造价有着密切的关系。
施⼯组织设计基本的内容有:⼯程概况和施⼯条件的分析、施⼯⽅案、施⼯⼯艺、施⼯进度计划、施⼯总平⾯图。
介绍安全工程专业的英语作文

介绍安全工程专业的英语作文As the world becomes increasingly digitalized, the demand for professionals in the field of security engineering is on the rise. 安全工程专业是一个涉及到计算机科学、网络安全和信息技术等多个领域的综合性学科,它旨在培养学生具备在互联网时代面临各种安全威胁和挑战时,能够设计、开发和维护安全系统的能力。
One of the primary focuses of security engineering is on developing strategies to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or cyber-attacks. 安全工程专业的主要焦点之一是开发保护敏感信息免受未经授权访问或网络攻击的策略。
这需要学生掌握网络安全原理、密码学、防火墙技术等多种技能,以应对日益复杂的网络威胁。
In addition to technical skills, security engineering also emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations and legal compliance. 与技术技能相辅相成的是,安全工程也强调道德考虑和合法合规的重要性。
在处理安全问题时,学生需要考虑到不同利益相关者的权益,同时遵循法律法规,这对于培养学生的责任感和社会责任意识非常关键。
Furthermore, the curriculum for security engineering often includes hands-on experience and real-world case studies to provide students with practical skills and knowledge. 此外,安全工程专业的课程通常包括实践经验和真实案例研究,以提供学生实际技能和知识。
毕业文献翻译

烟雾控制SMOKE CONTROL学生姓名:唐桢敬专业名称:安全工程导师名字:吕建摘要:在建筑火灾情况下,烟雾经常流向偏离火灾的地方,造成威胁生命以及损坏财产影响,同时楼梯间和电梯间经常变成充满烟气的,因此阻碍了撤离和疏散,当今烟雾已经被认为在火灾当中最大的杀手。
在20世纪60年代中后期,利用加压来防止烟雾在楼梯间的渗漏开始吸引了关注,这是由压力挤压模型而想出来,换而言之,就是排出火灾层的空气同时给周围其它的楼层加压,建筑的通风系统经常是用于这个目的的,烟控这个特定用语是为通过使用机械加压来限制烟雾在火灾当中的流动这样一个系统而创造的名字。
澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、法国、日本、美国、西德应经做过了烟控场所的调研,这个调研是由场所测试,大规模的火灾测试,和电脑模型构成的,很多建筑物已经建有了烟控系统,同时很多其它的建筑也为此而加装烟控系统。
关键词:烟囱效应浮力风力烟雾的移动一个烟控系统必须经过设计才能使其不被引起烟雾移动的驱动力所压制,正是因为这个为盈,对烟雾流动和烟雾控制的基本观念的理解是智能烟控设计的前提,最主要影响烟雾流动的驱动力是烟囱效应、浮力、膨胀、风力和热力以及空气流动和空调系统,总的来说,在火灾情况下,烟雾流动是由这些驱动力的相互作用引起的,在任何一种驱动力存在的情况下,它们都将单独发生效应,下面这些部分是对每一种驱动力的讨论。
烟囱效应当外界是冷的时候,在建筑物的通风井内经常有向上流动的气体,例如楼梯井、电梯井、小升降井以及机械井或者运输槽。
这些现象是可以归咎于正常的烟囱效应。
室内的气体都有受到浮力,是因为室内的气体是更热并且密度相对于室外气体更小。
这种浮力引起了气体在建筑物的通风井内上升,对于室外的低温和高高的通风井,普通的烟囱效应的意义是更重大的,然而,普通的烟囱效应也存在于单层建筑当中。
当外界的气体相对于建筑物内的气体时,在通风井内,一股向下的气流是时常存在的,这股向下的气流被称为逆向烟囱效应。
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Accident InvestigationsAlthough accident investigation is an after-the-fact approach to hazard identification, it is still an important part of this process. At times hazards exist, which no one seems to recognize until they result in an accident or incident. In complicated accidents it may take an investigation to actually determine what the cause of the accident was. This is especially true in cases where death results and few or no witnesses exist. An accident investigation is a fact-finding process and not a fault-finding process with the purpose of affixing blame. The end of any result of an accident investigation should be to assure that the type of hazard or accident does not exist or occur in the future.Your company should have a formalized accident investigation procedure, which is followed by everyone. It should be spelled out in writing and end with a written report using as a foundation of your standard company accident investigation form. It may be your workers’compensation form or an equivalent from your insurance carrier.Accidents and even near misses should be investigated by your company if you are intent on identifying and preventing hazards in your workplace. Thousands of accidents occur throughout the United States every day. The failure of people, equipment, supplies, or surroundings to behave or react as expected causes most of the accidents. Accident investigations determine how and why these failures occur. By using the information gained through an investigation, a similar or perhaps more disastrous accident may be prevented. Accident investigations should be conducted with accident prevention in mind. Investigations are not to place blame.An accident is any unplanned event that results in personal injury or in property damage. When the personal injury requires little or no treatment,it is minor. If it results in a fatality or in a permanent total, permanent partial, or temporary total (lost time) disability, it is serious. Similarly, property damage may be minor or serious. Investigate all accident regardless of the extent of injury or damage. Accidents are part of a broad group of events that adversely affect the completion of a task. These events are incidents. For simplicity, the procedures discussed in later sections refer only to accidents. They are, however, also applicable to incidents.1.Accident PreventionAccidents are usually complex. An accident may have 10 or more events that can be causes. A detailed analysis of an accident will normally reveal three cause levels:basic,indirect,and direct. At the lowest level, an accident results only when a person or object receives an amount of energy or hazardous material that cannot be absorbed safely. This energy or hazardous material is the DIRECT CAUSE of the accident. The direct cause is usually the result of one or more unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Unsafe acts and conditions are the indirect causes or symptoms. In turn, indirect causes are usually traceable to poor management policies and decisions, or to personal or environmental factors. These are the basic cause.In spite of their complexity, most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes. Accident investigations determine not only what happened, but also how and why. The information gained from these investigations can prevent recurrence of similar or perhaps more disastrous accident. Accident investigations are interested in each event as well as in the sequence of events that led to an accident. The accident type is also important to the investigator. The recurrence of accident of a particular type or those with common causes shows areas needing special accident prevention emphasis.2.Investigative ProceduresThe actual procedures used in a particular investigation depend on the nature and results of the accident. The agency having jurisdiction over the lacation determines the administrative procedures. In general, responsible officials will appoint an individual to be in charge of the investigation. An accident investigation should use most of the following steps:·Defined the scope of the investigation.·Select the investigation. Assign specific tasks to each (preferably in writing).·Present a preliminary briefing to the investigating team.·Visit and inspect the accident site to get updated information.·Interview each victim and witness. Also interview those who were present before the accident and those who arrived at the site shortly after the accident. Keep accurate records of each interview. Use a tape recorder if desired and if approved.·Determine the following:·What was not normal before the accident.·Where the abnormality occurred.·When it was first noted.·How it occurred.·Determine the following:·Why the accident occurred.·A likely sequence of events and probable causes ( direct, indirect, basic ).·Alternative sequences.·Determine the most likely sequence of events and the most probable causes.·Conduct a post-investigation briefing.·Prepare a summary report including the recommended actions to prevent a recurrence. Distribute the report according to applicable instructions.An investigation is not complete until all data are analyzed and a final report is completed. In practice, the investigation work, data analyzed and report preparations proceed simultaneously over much of the time spent on the investigation.3.Fact-FindingInvestigator collects evidence from many sources during an investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation as well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident, inspects the accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of the accident scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy source, and hazardous materials.In some investigation, a particular physical or chemical law, principle, or property may explain a sequence of events. Include laws in the notes taken during the investigation or in the later analysis of data. In addition, gather data during the investigation that may lend itself to analysis by these laws, principles, or properties. An appendix in the final report can include an extended discussion.4.InterviewIn general, experienced personnel should conduct interviews. If possible, the team assigned to this task should include an individual with a legal background. After interviewing all witnesses, the team should analyze each witness’statement. They may wish to re-interview one or more witnesses to confirm or clarify key points. While there may be inconsistencies in witnesses’statement, investigators should assemble the available testimony into a logical order. Analyze this information along with data from the accident site.Not all people react in the same manner to a particular stimulus. For example, a witness within close proximity to the accident may have an entirely different story from one who saw it at a distance. Some witnesses may also change their stories after they have discussed it with others. The reason for the change may be additional clues.A witness who has had a traumatic experience may not be able to recall the details of the accident. A witness who has a vested interest in the result of the investigation may offer biased testimony. Finally, eyesight, hearing, reaction time, and the general condition of each witness may affect his or her powers of observation. A witness may omit entire sequences because of a failure to observe them or because their importance was not realized.5.Report of InvestigationAs noted earlier, an accident investigation is not complete until a report is prepared and submitted to proper authorities. Special report forms are available in many cases. Others instances may require a more extended report. Such repots are often very elaborate and may include a cover page, title page, abstract, table of contents, commentary or narrative discussion of probable causes, and a section on conclusions and recommendations.Accident investigation should be an integral part of your written safety and health program. It should be a formal procedure. A successful accident investigation determines not only what happened, but also finds how and why the accident occurred. Investigations are an effort to prevent a similar or perhaps more disastrous sequence of events. You can then use the resulting information and recommendations to prevent future accidents.Keeping records is also very important to recognizing and reducing hazards. A review of accident and injury records over a period of time can help pinpoint the cause of view of accidents. If a certain worker shows up several times on the record as being injured, it may indicate that the person is physically unsuited for the job, is not properly trained, or needs better supervision. If one or two occupations experience a high percentage of the accident in a workplace, they should be carefully analyzed and countermeasures should be taken to eliminate the cause. If there are multiple accident involving one machine or process, it is possible that work procedures must be changed or that maintenance is needed. Records that show many accidents during a short period of time would suggest an environmental problem.Once the hazards have been identified then the information and source must be analyzed to determine their origin and the potential to remove or mitigate their effectsupon the workplace. Analysis of hazards forces us to take a serious look at them.事故调查尽管事故调查是一种事后危害识别的方法,它依旧是危害识别的一个重要组成部分。