四级笔试新题型模拟题08

Script
M: I'm always thinking about changing jobs, but I know nothing except computers.
W: There are lots of computer experts around. You need to specialize!
1.What does the woman suggest the man do?
A) The man is no more than an expert.
B) The man should quit his current job.
C) The man should develop special skills.
D) The man isn't qualified for his work.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士建议男士要有自己的专攻，要有专业技能（You need to specialize!），所以选C。

Script
M: Thanks for a great party! But I have to get up early tomorrow, so I should hit the road soon.
W: Oh. It's only 11. How about just one more quick drink?
2.What does the man mean?
A) He wants to say goodbye to the hostess.
B) He asks for one more drink.
C) He has an emergency to deal with.
D) He is not used to staying up late.
正确答案为A你没有作答。

解析：
音频中男士提到他要出发了（I should hit the road soon.），可见他要跟女士道别，所以选A。

Script
W: I'd love to spend more time with my daughter, but I'd miss out on my career if I worked part time.
M: Yeah, it's tricky. You can't have your cake and eat it too.
3.What does the man mean?
A) The woman should continue her job.
B) The woman should take more care of her child.
C) The woman can't have things both ways.
D) The woman should have a cake and eat it.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士说她想要更多的时间陪女儿，又不能放弃自己的事业。

男士回答说你不可能两者兼得（You can't have your cake and eat it too），所以选C。

Script
M: I hope I will not oversleep. I need to catch the first flight tomorrow.
W: If I were you, I'd request a wake-up call.
4.Where are the man and the woman at the moment?
A) In an office.
B) At an airport.
C) In a hotel.
D) At a railway station.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士建议男士让人提供叫醒电话（If I were you, I'd request a wake-up call）。

Wake-up call 是指酒店提供的叫醒电话，可以推断出他们是在酒店里，所以选C。

Script
W: You should think about changing your job, Harry. Get a piece of the action!
M: Well, I could find a job that pays more, but I would enjoy it less.
5.What does the man mean?
A) He will find a better paid job.
B) He enjoys his current job.
C) He will consider the woman's advice.
D) It is hard to find a satisfying job.
正确答案为B你没有作答。

解析：
音频中男士说他可以找到一份报酬更高的工作，可那样的话他就不会很喜欢工作了（I could find a job that pays more, but I would enjoy it less），由此可以推断出他很喜欢现在的工作，所以选B。

Script
W: Honey, should I throw away the stack of old newspapers? We have no room for the new ones.
M: Well, I'd like to clip some photos first.
6.What will the man probably do?
A) Sell the old newspapers.
B) Keep the old newspapers.
C) Throw away the old newspapers.
D) Cut some pictures out from the old newspapers.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士说要把旧报纸扔掉的时候，男士说他想先做一下剪报（I'd like to clip some photos first）。

Clip在这里是剪报的意思，所以选D。

Script
W: Lily will be glad to hear about Sarah's promotion.
M: Really? I heard she also wanted that job very much.
7.What does the man mean?
A) He got some kind of wrong information.
B) He couldn't agree with the woman more.
C) He heard a different story from other people.
D) He felt shocked at the news.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士说听到Sara 升职的消息Lily 应该很开心，男士说他听说Lily也很想要那份工作，可见他听说的消息与女士不同，所以选C。

Script
W: Your sweater is great. I've never seen anything like it before.
M: Really? My mother made it for me but it is not my style. Anyway, this is the first time I've worn it in public.
8.What does the man imply?
A) He agrees with the woman.
B) He does not like the sweater very much.
C) He has got no chance to wear the sweater.
D) He wears the sweater to please his mother.
正确答案为B你没有作答。

解析：
音频中男士说这件毛衣不是他的风格（it is not my style），而且他这是第一次在公开场合穿，可以推断出他并不是很喜欢这件毛衣，所以选B。

Script
M: How do you find the cost of living in Britain?
W:Very expensive. Everything including clothing, food, housing, travelling, everything is expensive here.
M: So where do you think you spend most?
W: Transport, I think. I spent more than one hundred pounds on taking the train per week.
Yeah, as for food if you eat at home, it's very cheap.
M: And how do you afford clothing?
W: I'm from China, and actually my place also has nice clothes, so I normally bring my clothes from there!
M: So you don't shop here? You shop at home.
W: Yeah mostly from home, except jackets. I love jackets, so I make sure I know if there are any sales going on. Especially on Boxing Day, I go to the shopping center and buy all the stuff and get cheap prices.
M: And what's the social side like?
W: I love it because of so many different cultures from China, Japan, Africa. I was shocked when I first came here, so it took me quite some time. To me it's very interesting. I like to go for movies with my friends once a month like that, and also for dinner.
M: And do you have any money-saving tips for other people who might want to come and work
or study here in the UK?
W: You just have to watch anything you buy, just don't be impulsive. I teach a lot and the wage covers a little bit of what I want to spend.
9.What is the major expense for living in Britain according to the woman?
A) Food.
B) Transport.
C) Clothing.
D) Accommodation.
正确答案为B你没有作答。

解析：
音频中当被问及花钱最多的地方时，女士回答说是交通（Transport, I think），所以选B。

10.What is the shopping habit of the woman?
A) She often buys clothes made in China.
B) She prefers online shopping from home.
C) She often goes shopping with her friends.
D) She normally buys jackets on sale in Britain.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士说她的大部分衣服是从家里买的，夹克除外（Yeah mostly from home, except jackets）。

有促销活动的时候她会去商场买夹克，所以选D。

11.What does the woman think of her social life?
A) She doesn't get used to the multi-culture.
B) She expects to have more Chinese friends.
C) She has to change her living habits.
D) She enjoys hanging out with her friends regularly.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士说她喜欢每个月跟朋友去看场电影，或者是吃饭（I like to go for movies with my friends once a month like that, and also for dinner），可见她喜欢定期跟朋友出去玩，所以选D。

Script
M: Susan, going back to school can be much fun for children, can't it?
W: It's most certainly not. In fact, for some children, it can be very upsetting. That
feeling of going back to a routine is stressful. They have to adapt to a new timetable and the stress.
M: So is there a way to make starting up again easier after the summer break?
W: Yes, there're things that you can do. I mentioned routine before and that's the key.
It's difficult to get back into a routine. So you need to try and prepare for it.
M: How to do that?
W: Well, sleep is the most important factor. During holidays, you don't have a proper sleeping routine. You get up when you want and you go to bed when you want.
M: I suppose that is why children love holidays.
W: Yeah, but it makes going back to school much more difficult. You need to enforce a bedtime routine at least a few days before your children go back to school. Also prepare everything the night before. Make sure you have all the clothes laid out to help avoid any early morning panic.
M: That makes sense. After all, the mornings are the hardest part. So what else can we do?
W: Well, there're clothes and school materials to buy. But you can also make this a positive experience. Take your children shopping and buy some fun notebooks, colorful pens with their favorite cartoons on them. It helps honestly.
12.How do children feel when going back to school after a summer break?
A) Excited.
B) Upset.
C) Calm.
D) Horrible.
正确答案为B你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士提到，对有些孩子来说，回学校是件特别沮丧的事儿（for some children, it can be very upsetting），所以选B。

13.What causes children to feel stress when they go back to school?
A) Having less sleep.
B) Doing schoolwork at night.
C) Going back to a routine life.
D) Getting up early to catch school bus.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士提到，回到一种惯例性的生活让孩子很有压力（That feeling of going back to a routine is stressful），所以选C。

14.According to the man's opinion, why do children love holidays?
A) Because they can travel a lot.
B) Because they don't have homework.
C) Because they have enough time to play.
D) Because they can choose their bedtime.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中男士说，孩子们之所以喜欢假期就是因为他们可以想什么时候睡就什么时候睡，想什么时候起就什么时候起（You get up when you want and you go to bed when you want），也就是自己安排睡觉时间，所以选D。

15.What can parents do before their children go back to school?
A) They can prepare everything for their children.
B) They can take their children shopping for school materials.
C) They can get up as early as possible to avoid morning panic.
D) They can help their children complete holiday assignments.
正确答案为B你没有作答。

解析：
音频中女士提到，开学之前可以带孩子去买一些学校用的东西，这样会很有帮助（Take your children shopping and buy some fun notebooks, colorful pens with their favorite cartoons on them. It helps honestly），所以选B。

Section B Understanding Passages
Directions：In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
本题得分：--/10分
Script
Flash-playing is all about meeting strangers in a strange city for just a day. This weekend, why not fly to a city without deciding in advance and spend the day with a stranger, part at the end of the day and never see each other again? It sounds like a romantic film, but this is a novel activity for some young urban Chinese. And it is emerging as a method to reduce the pressure among young urban residents.
The flash-play community on the Internet is one of the most popular in China and has signed up thousands of members. Li Xu, a 26-year-old banker says, "Because of my high-pressure work, I use weekends to adjust my life. Fortunately, there is fast transport —the airplane, which can take me to another city and back in a short time."
He invented the term "flash-play," inspired by terms like "flash-mob," which refers to a large group of people who assemble suddenly in a public space, perform a pointless act, and then quickly move apart. He created a page for flash-play, which means "a form of trip in which people find companions quickly through the Internet, and travel to another city together."
16.What does "flash-play" refer to?
A) Traveling to a new place with friends.
B) Having a quick reunion with friends.
C) Meeting strangers in a strange city.
D) Chatting on the Internet with strangers.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到“闪玩”就是到一个陌生的城市，然后花一天的时间与一个陌生人在一起（fly to a city without deciding in advance and spend the day with a stranger, part at the end of the day and never see each other again），所以选C。

17.Why do young urban Chinese like "flash-play"?
A) Because they do not have time for long-time travel.
B) Because flash-play costs little travelling fees.
C) Because they need this recreation to lessen work pressure.
D) Because flash-play is a romantic experience for them.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，闪玩是都市年轻人缓解压力的一种方法（it is emerging as a method to reduce the pressure among young urban residents），所以选C。

18.What do flash-players normally do?
A) They find companions through newspapers.
B) They assemble in a private house to have a party.
C) They set up fixed groups and meeting time.
D) They get together for only one day.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，这些人花一天的时间在一起，分手之后就不会再见（spend the day with a stranger, part at the end of the day and never see each other again），所以选D。

Script
Call it a product of the local foods movement. But whatever the reason, more Americans are growing some of their own food.
Many need advice from experts like the master gardeners at the University of Maryland Extension service. The extension service has launched a campaign as a response to the huge new demand for information and help with home gardens. Master gardeners are helping less experienced people learn how to work the land. Food gardeners can join a network and put their garden on a map on the extension service web site. They aim to have one million food gardeners in Maryland to produce their own affordable healthy food. The current count of food gardeners is around 5,000 statewide.
Nationally, sales of garden supplies increased last year as people started or expanded food gardens. Shannon Dill says the weak economy is not the only reason people are trying to grow their own food to save money. Prices for fruits and vegetables at the store are up. Shannon Dill finds that growing food at home usually costs less than buying it at stores or restaurants. She also finds that people seem to be staying home more, so they have more time to work in the garden. And, she says, "People like to know where their food is coming from."
But sometimes people choose the wrong plants for the local growing conditions. Or they plant at the wrong time. Or they plant seeds too close together or in poor soil or without enough daily sunlight. Master gardeners can help people avoid mistakes.
19.Why did the extension service launch a campaign?
A) Because they want to absorb more master gardeners.
B) Because they want to set up a social network for master gardeners.
C) Because they want to provide help for less experienced gardeners.
D) Because they want to grow affordable and healthy food for people.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，进修部发起这项运动是为了满足巨大的信息需求，帮助在家的园艺爱好者（The extension service has launched a campaign as a response to the huge new demand for information and help with home gardens），所以选C。

20.Why do people like growing food at home?
A) Because they are too busy to buy food from the store.
B) Because it is a fashion to grow food of one's own.
C) Because they can sell their food to the store.
D) Because it is an effective way to save money.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，人们自己种植粮食是为了省钱（people are trying to grow their own food to save money），所以选D。

21.What problem do home gardeners have?
A) They lack professional gardening knowledge.
B) They cannot afford high quality seeds.
C) They do not have time to watch the plants.
D) They have to do everything all by themselves.
正确答案为A你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到了园艺爱好者们经常犯的错误有：所选的植物不适合当地的生长环境、种植时间不对、种植方式不当等（sometimes people choose the wrong plants for the local growing conditions. Or they plant at the wrong time. Or they plant seeds too close together or in poor soil or without enough daily sunlight），所有这些都可以归结为他们缺少专业知识，所以选A。

Script
While a WHO report has confirmed tobacco as the leading preventable cause of death in the world, a survey shows that reminding smokers of the fatal consequences of their habit may actually make them smoke more.
More than 94 percent of the world's people are not protected by laws against smoking, leaving them exposed to the biggest cause of preventable death, the World Health Organization said Wednesday. In a global tobacco epidemic report, the WHO said smoke-free policies were crucial to reducing the harm caused by second-hand smoke, which it said kills around 600,000 people each year and causes crippling, disfiguring illness and economic losses reaching tens of billions of dollars. "Unless urgent action is taken to control the tobacco epidemic, the annual death toll could rise to 8 million by 2030,"
the WHO report said.
However, a study by psychologists from the United States, Switzerland and Germany showed that warnings unrelated to death, such as "Smoking makes you unattractive" or "Smoking brings you and the people around you severe damage," were more effective in changing smokers' attitudes toward their habit. This was especially the case in people who smoked to boost their self-esteem, such as youths who took up the habit to impress or fit in with their peers, and others who thought smoking increased their social value, the researchers said.
"In general, when smokers are faced with death-related anti-smoking messages on cigarette packs, they produce active coping attempts as reflected in their willingness to continue the risky smoking behavior," the study said.
22.Why are most non-smokers exposed to smoking?
A) Because they are not aware of the potential risk.
B) Because non-smoking areas are too few in public places.
C) Because government encourages smoking for economic benefits.
D) Because they are not protected by laws against smoking.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，由于没有法律的保护，世界上94%的人口都面临着吸烟带来的死亡威胁（More than 94 percent of the world's people are not protected by laws against smoking, leaving them exposed to the biggest cause of preventable death），所以选D。

23.Which of the following is caused by second-hand smoke?
A) Environmental pollution.
B) Unattractive appearance.
C) Crippling, disfiguring illness and economic losses.
D) Brain damage.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，二手烟带来的危害包括跛腿、畸残类疾病和巨大的经济损失（causes crippling, disfiguring illness and economic losses reaching tens of billions of dollars），所以选C。

24.How can we change smokers' attitude toward their bad habit?
A) By reminding smokers of the high death possibility.
B) By telling smokers the harm of second-hand smoke.
C) By showing smokers warnings unrelated to death.
D) By taking actions against heavy smokers.
正确答案为C你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，与死亡不相关的警告能更加有效的改变吸烟者对于吸烟的态度（warnings unrelated to death…were more effective in changing smokers' attitudes toward their habit），所以选C。

25.What is the reason for youths to take up smoking?
A) To reduce their study pressure.
B) To escape from the real world.
C) To fight against their parents.
D) To get along well with their peers.
正确答案为D你没有作答。

解析：
音频中提到，年轻人吸烟是为了炫耀或者与同龄人打成一片（youths who took up the habit to impress or fit in with their peers），所以选D。

Section C Dictation
Directions：In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
本题得分：--/10分
Script
In an event at the White House, President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle marked International Women's Day.
(26)Addressing students from different areas, the
Obamas (27)referred to the progress women in America have made over the decades in (28)securing their rights.
Michelle Obama said the (29)purpose of the gathering was not only to express respect to persons in the (30)struggle for equality, but also to what she called the "quiet heroes" who, in the process of shaping America, achieved (31)extraordinary things.
President Obama said that the story of America's women, like that of the United States itself, has (32)peaks and valleys, but ultimately it has been one of progress against hardships that women continue to (33)confront . "Even as we reflect on the hope of our history, we must also face squarely the reality of the present—a reality marked by (34)unfairness , marked by hardship for too many women in America ,"
he said.
The president pointed to some of what he called the "statistics of inequality"— women making up more than half of the US population while occupying only 17 percent of the seats in the US Congress, and constituting less than three percent of Fortune 500 company (35)chief executive officers .
Madeleine Albright, a former Secretary of State pointed to the challenges women still face globally in achieving the same basic rights and dignity as men and boys. She said,
though women have made great progress in obtaining legal recognition of their rights, they run up against some crushing realities.
26.正确答案为Addressing你没有作答。

27.正确答案为referred你没有作答。

28.正确答案为securing你没有作答。

29.正确答案为purpose你没有作答。

30.正确答案为struggle你没有作答。

31.正确答案为extraordinary你没有作答。

32.正确答案为peaks你没有作答。

33.正确答案为confront你没有作答。

34.正确答案为unfairness你没有作答。

35.正确答案为chief executive officers你没有作答。

Part Ⅲ
Section A Fill in the blanks
Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
本题得分：--/5分
Being fat is bad for you. On that, almost everyone agrees. It is just possible, though, that almost everyone is wrong. In fact, getting fat may be a mechanism that protects the body. The health problems (36)associated with fatness may not be caused by it but be another consequence, another symptom, of overeating.
That is the heretical (异端邪说的) (37)proposal of Roger Unger and Philipp Scherer. They have been (38)reviewing the science of what has come to be known as metabolic syndrome (代谢综合症). This is a host of symptoms such as high blood pressure, insulin (胰岛素) resistance and fatness that seem to increase the (39)risk of heart disease and strokes and liver disease. Metabolic syndrome is (40)found in one-sixth of the American population.
"Syndrome" is the medical term for a (41)collection of symptoms whose common cause is not properly understood. The symptom of metabolic syndrome that appears first is usually fatness, so this is generally regarded as the (42)potential cause.
Dr. Unger and Dr. Scherer, however, turn this logic on its head. They point out that there is usually a period of many years between a person becoming overweight and his (43)developing other symptoms. If the growth of the body cells was directly harmful, that would not be the case. This is one of the lines of evidence that has led them to the conclusion
that, in addition to its role in storing energy as a way to (44)fight against future famine, getting fat is a (45)protective mechanism against metabolic syndrome.
A) proposal
B) issue
C) developing
D) stored
E) protective
F) negative
G) fight
H) collection
I) reviewing
J) assigned
K) risk
L) found
M) discovered
N) associated
O) potential
36.正确答案为N) associated你没有作答。

解析：N) associated
第36题：句子意思题。

这里要表达的意思是：与肥胖有关的健康问题。

be associated with sth为固定搭配，意思是“与……有关、与……相关的”，所以此处填人associated。

第37题：上下文联系题。

上文描述了一种对于肥胖的新的认识理论，这里是说这就是由Roger Unger 和Philipp Scherer提出的貌似异端邪说的新提议。

Proposal有“建议、提议”的意思，所以此处填入proposal。

第38题：逻辑分析和语法结构题。

由句子的结构可知，此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式。

由常识推断可知，一种新的理论的创立肯定是在回顾以往研究的基础之上的，review意为“回顾、审查”，意思最为合适，所以此处填入reviewing。

第39题：常识判断题。

由常识可知，高血压、胰岛素抗拒和肥胖都可能会增加心脏病、中风和肝病风险，risk意为“危险性、风险”，所以此处填入risk。

第40题：句子意思题。

这里要表达的意思是：研究发现六分之一的美国人患有代谢综合症。

Find有“（经过研究、计算、测试等）发现、找出”的意思，这里用被动形式，所以此处填入found。

第41题：上下文联系题。

上文提到syndrome时说这是指a host of symptoms（许多症状）。

这里要选出与之意思相近的单词，a collection of可以表示“一堆、许多”的意思，所以此处填入collection。

第42题：句子意思题。

这里要表达的意思是：代谢综合症的首要表现一般是肥胖，所以肥胖往往被看做该病的潜在起因。

Potential意为“潜在的、可能的”，所以此处填入potential。

第43题：单词用法题。

Develop有患病、得病的意思。

这里是说一个人体重超标和他患上其他症状之间通常有几年时间，所以此处填入developing。

第44题：固定用法题。

这里要表达的意思是：对抗将来的饥饿。

Fight against为固定用法，意为“与……作战；对抗……”，所以此处填入fight。

第45题：句子意思题。

这里要表达的意思是：变胖是对抗代谢综合症的一种保护机制。

Protective意思是“保护的、防护的”，所以此处填入protective。

37.正确答案为A) proposal你没有作答。

解析：A) proposal
略
38.正确答案为I) reviewing你没有作答。

解析：I) reviewing
略
39.正确答案为K) risk你没有作答。

解析：K) risk
略
40.正确答案为L) found你没有作答。

解析：L) found
略
41.正确答案为H) collection你没有作答。

解析：H) collection
略
42.正确答案为O) potential你没有作答。

解析：O) potential
略
43.正确答案为C) developing你没有作答。

解析：C) developing
略
44.正确答案为G) fight你没有作答。

解析：G) fight
略
45.正确答案为E) protective你没有作答。

解析：E) protective
略
Section B Match
Directions：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.
本题得分：--/10分
A Recently, climate scientists have taken a widely-spreading criticism in the media and on the Internet, accused of hiding data, covering up errors and preventing others from expressing views. Their response until now has been largely to assert the legitimacy (合法性) of the vast body of climate science and to call their critics as know-nothings.But the volume of criticism and the depth of doubt have only grown, and many scientists now realize they are facing a crisis of public confidence and have to fight back. Up to now, they are beginning to face their critics, admit mistakes, open up their data and reshape their working way.
B The release last fall of hundreds of e-mail messages from a major climate research center in England, and more recent exposure of a handful of errors in a supposedly authoritative United Nations report on climate change, have created what a number of top scientists say is a major destruction of faith in their research. They say this strong threat has undermined decades of work and has badly damaged public trust in the science.
C The e-mail episode, called "climategate" by critics, revealed arrogance (傲慢) and what one top climate researcher called "tribalism (宗派意识)" among some scientists. The correspondence appears to show efforts to limit publication of contrary opinions and to escape "Freedom of Information Act" requests. The content of the messages opened some well-known scientists to charges of concealing temperature data from rival researchers and manipulating results to be consistent with precooked conclusions. "I have obviously written some very awful e-mails," Phil Jones, the British climate scientist at the center of the controversy, admitted. But he sharply disagreed with charges that he had hidden data or faked results.
D After the e-mail was exposed, serious damage has already been done. A survey conducted in late December by Yale University and George Mason University found that the number of Americans who believed that climate change was just scientific cheat had more than doubled since 2008, to 16 percent of the population from 7 percent. An additional 13 percent of Americans said they thought that even if the planet was warming, it was a result solely of natural factors and was not a significant concern.
E Climate scientists have been shaken by the criticism and are beginning to look for ways to recover their reputation. "It's clear that the climate science community was just not prepared for the scale and intensity of the attacks and they simply have not responded quickly and appropriately," said Peter C. Frumhoff, an ecologist and chief scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. "We need to acknowledge the errors and help turn attention from what's happening in the blogosphere (博客圈) to what's happening in the atmosphere."
F A number of institutions are beginning efforts to improve the quality of their science and to make their work more understandable. The official British climate agency is undertaking a complete review of its temperature data and will make its records and analysis fully public for the first time. Two universities are investigating the work of top climate scientists to determine whether they have violated academic standards and broken faith in science. The National Academy of Sciences is preparing to publish a non-technical paper outlining what is known—and not known —about changes to the global climate. And a hot debate is under way among climate scientists on how to make their work more transparent and regain public confidence.
G Some critics think these are merely useless efforts that do not address the real problem, however. Willis Eschenbach, an engineer and climate critic who posts frequently on climate skeptic (怀疑的) blogs, wrote in response to one climate scientist's proposal to share more research. "I don't want you to learn better ways to advertize for fake science. I don't want you to figure out how to inspire trust by covering your dishonest practices in new and creative ways. You should just do more successful and creative science."。