2013上模拟试题一

Model Test One

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Health Problems. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1.影响人们健康的问题；

2. 人们对解决问题的途径的看法；

3. 我的看法。

Part II Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)

Guide Dogs

For most dog owners, the expression “work like a dog” doesn’t make much sense. But some dogs happily perform very demanding jobs for much of their life, putting in a full day’s work just like the rest of us. Guide dogs, one of the most familiar sorts of working dog, provide an invaluable service to humans. Every day, they help their masters get from place to place more safely.

What Guide Dogs Do

Guide dogs help blind or visually impaired people get around in the world. In most countries, they are allowed to anyplace where the public is allowed, so they can help their handlers be in any place they might want to go to. To do this, a guide dog must know how to:

Keep on a direct route, ignoring distractions such as smells, other animals and people

Maintain a steady pace, to the left and just ahead of the handler

Stop at all curbs until told to proceed

Turn left and right, move forward and stop on command

Recognize and a void obstacles that the handler won’t be able to fit through (narrow passages and low overheads)

Stop at the bottom and top of stairs until told to proceed

Bring the handler to elevator buttons

Lie quietly when the handler is sitting down

Help the handler to board and move around buses, subways and other forms of public Vehicles

Obey a number of verbal commands

Additionally, a guide dog must know to disobey any command that would put the handler in danger. This ability, called selective disobedience, is perhaps the most amazing thing about guide dogs that they can balance obedience with their own assessment of the situation.

This capacity is extremely important at crosswalks, where the handler and dog must work very closely together to navigate the situation safely. Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights, so the handler must make the decision of when it is safe to proceed across the road. The handler listens to the flow of traffic to figure out when the light has changed and then gives the comman d “forward”. If there is no danger, the dog proceeds across the road in a straight line. If there are cars approaching, the dog waits until the danger is gone and then follows the forward command.

On the Job and After Hours

Guide dogs enjoy their work immensely, and they get a lot of satisfaction from a job well done, but there is no room for typical dog fun during the work day. Games, treats and praise cannot distract the dog from helping its handler navigate the course. Even when the handler doesn’t need assistance, a guide dog on the job is trained to ignore distractions and keep still. This is because a guide dog must be able to come to the handler’s workplace or be in public places without creating a disturbance.