北邮数字电路实验报告_简易出租车计价器

数字电路实验报告简易出租车计价器班级：学号：姓名：一、设计课题的任务要求设计一台出租车计价器，不同情况具有不同的收费标准基本内容1、行驶公里：用时钟2秒钟表示出租车匀速行驶1公里，在行车5公里以内，按起步价13元收费，超过5公里部分，以每公里2元收费。

燃油附加费为每运次1元。

2、途中等待：用按键控制中途等待，等待少于（包括）5秒不收费，超过5秒后每等待3秒钟加收1元。

3、用数码管分时显示计费金额、行驶里程和等候时间。

字母A表示当前处于显示计费金额状态，字母B表示当前处于显示行驶里程状态，字母C表示当前处于显示等候时间状态。

4、用按键控制出租车空驶、载客状态并用点阵显示空驶、载客状态。

提高要求1、用点阵滚动显示收费单据。

2、具有夜间模式，基本单价加收20%的费用。

出租汽车收费结算以元为单位，元以下四舍五入。

3、出租车行驶速度可调可控。

4、多人乘车，分段计价。

5、自拟其它功能。

二、系统设计1.设计思路首先考虑得到需要一个分频装置，分别输出频率到计数器与控制器，另有计算单元用来计算里程、时间与费用。

Clk为系统时针，rst、start、waiting分别为重置、开始、等待信号，由按键输入系统流程图三、仿真波形及波形分析四、功能说明及资源利用情况开始行车1、功能说明本次试验成果的主要功能为：开始点阵显示“无人状态”。

按下按键“btn1”（start），计价器开始正常工作，六个数码管每两个分别显示“总费用”“行进里程”“等待时间”，同时点阵显示“载客状态”。

行进里程开始累计，里程数在5公里内总价不变，在超过5公里后，每公里增加两元。

在行进中按下按键“btn2”（waiting），等待时间开始累计，等待时间未超过5s时，等待费用为零，所以总价并不累计。

在等待时间超过5s后，每三秒钟总价加一元。

再次按下按键“btn2”（waiting），停止等待状态，继续行进，状态与上述一样。

再次按下按键“btn1”（start），表示客人到达目的地，数码管显示总价，里程以及总等待时间，即开始结算。

按下按键“btn0”（rst），所以状态清零。

点阵回到无人状态，数码管显示全部清零。

2、资源利用情况五、故障及问题分析本次试验，在实验过程中，发现了众多不同的问题。

其中最恶心的一次就是代码调试的时候，没有任何的语法错误，但是它表示编译不通过，说是逻辑单元有1307个，但是设备只能提供1270个，所以无法通过。

对于这个问题，我实在不知道该怎么解决，最后只有重新写代码，换了一两个结构后发现问题神奇般的解决了。

但我始终不知道原因。

其他的问题都只是代码的语法错误之类的，无需赘言。

六、总结和结论有过上个学期的一些基础知识后，这次的实验并没有太过于手足无措，总的来说还是比较容易上手。

所选的课题逻辑也并不复杂，所以不算太难。

还是比较快的实现了所要求的功能。

虽然最后发现与老师的要求有一些出入，但总体来说，自己还是比较满意的。

因为本次试验所有代码都是自己一个字母一个字母敲出来的，通过与同学们的交流也学到了很多东西，可能也就是因为没有和别的班级同学交流，所以没有达到老师的期望吧！七、源代码（含注释）1、仿真版library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity taxi isport(clk:in std_logic;start:in std_logic;waiting:in std_logic;rst:in std_logic;T0,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));end;architecture bhv of taxi issignal count:integer range 0 to 499999999;signal km_clk,sec_clk,en:std_logic;signal c1,c2,tt:integer range 0 to 99;signal await,mile,cost:integer range 0 to 99;signal await_s,await_g,mile_s,mile_g,cost_s,cost_g:integer range 0 to 9;signal rst_clk,start_clk,waiting_clk:std_logic:='0';signal waiting_time:integer range 0 to 99;beginU1:process(rst,start,waiting)--实现按键beginif start 'event and start='1' thenif start_clk='1' thenstart_clk<='0';else start_clk<='1';end if;end if;if waiting'event and waiting='1' thenif waiting_clk='1'thenwaiting_clk<='0';else waiting_clk<='1';end if;end if;end process;u2:process(rst,clk)beginif clk'event and clk='1' thenif rst='0' thenif count=9 then --两秒钟一公里count<=0;km_clk<='1';sec_clk<='1';elsif count=4 then --一秒钟count<=count+1;km_clk<='0';sec_clk<='1';elsecount<=count+1;km_clk<='0';sec_clk<='0';end if;end if;end if;end process;U3:process(rst,start_clk,waiting_clk,km_clk) --里程计数beginif rst='1' thenmile<=0; --按下“rst”后数字清零elsif start_clk='0' thenmile<=mile; --按下“start/stop”后显示总里程elsif waiting_clk='1' thenmile<=mile;elsif km_clk'event and km_clk='1' thenif mile=99 thenmile<=0;elsemile<=mile+1;end if;end if;end process;U4:process(rst,start_clk,waiting_clk,sec_clk) --等待时间计数beginif rst='1' thenawait<=0;waiting_time<=0; --按下“rst”后数字清零elsif start_clk='0' thenawait<=await;elsif waiting_clk='0' thenawait<=0;en<='1';elsif sec_clk ' event and sec_clk='1' thenif await=99 thenawait<=0;elseawait<=await+1;waiting_time<=waiting_time+1;end if;en<='0'; --等待状态end if;end process;U5:process(rst,start_clk,waiting_clk,en) --费用计算beginif rst='1' thencost<=0;c1<=0;c2<=0;tt<=0; --按下“rst”后数字清零elsif start_clk='0' thencost<=cost;c1<=c1;c2<=c2;tt<=tt;elseif waiting_clk='1' then --等待费用if await>=5 then --等待时间超过5s每三秒加收一元c1<=(await-5)/3;elsec1<=0;end if;elseif en'event and en='1' then --运行状态tt<=tt+c1;c1<=0;end if;if mile>=5 thenc2<=13+2*(mile-5); --超过5 公里部分，以每公里2 元收费elsec2<=13;end if;end if;cost<=c1+c2+1+tt; --再加收一元燃油费end if;end process;u6:process(clk)beginawait_s <= await/10;await_g <= await MOD 10;mile_s <= mile/10;mile_g <= mile MOD 10;cost_s <= cost/10;cost_g <= cost MOD 10;case cost_s iswhen 0 =>T0<="0000";when 1 =>T0<="0001";when 2 =>T0<="0010";when 3 =>T0<="0011";when 4 =>T0<="0100";when 5 =>T0<="0101";when 6 =>T0<="0110";when 7 =>T0<="0111";when 8 =>T0<="1000";when 9 =>T0<="1001";end case;case cost_g iswhen 0 =>T1<="0000";when 1 =>T1<="0001";when 2 =>T1<="0010";when 3 =>T1<="0011";when 4 =>T1<="0100";when 5 =>T1<="0101";when 6 =>T1<="0110";when 7 =>T1<="0111";when 8 =>T1<="1000";when 9 =>T1<="1001";end case;case mile_s iswhen 0 =>T2<="0000";when 1 =>T2<="0001";when 2 =>T2<="0010";when 3 =>T2<="0011";when 4 =>T2<="0100";when 5 =>T2<="0101";when 6 =>T2<="0110";when 7 =>T2<="0111";when 8 =>T2<="1000";when 9 =>T2<="1001";end case;case mile_g iswhen 0 =>T3<="0000";when 1 =>T3<="0001";when 2 =>T3<="0010";when 3 =>T3<="0011";when 4 =>T3<="0100";when 5 =>T3<="0101";when 6 =>T3<="0110";when 7 =>T3<="0111";when 8 =>T3<="1000";when 9 =>T3<="1001";end case;case await_s iswhen 0 =>T4<="0000";when 1 =>T4<="0001";when 2 =>T4<="0010";when 3 =>T4<="0011";when 4 =>T4<="0100";when 5 =>T4<="0101";when 6 =>T4<="0110";when 7 =>T4<="0111";when 8 =>T4<="1000";when 9 =>T4<="1001";end case;case await_g iswhen 0 =>T5<="0000";when 1 =>T5<="0001";when 2 =>T5<="0010";when 3 =>T5<="0011";when 4 =>T5<="0100";when 5 =>T5<="0101";when 6 =>T5<="0110";when 7 =>T5<="0111";when 8 =>T5<="1000";when 9 =>T5<="1001";end case;end process;end;2、正式版library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity taxi isport(clk:in std_logic;start:in std_logic;waiting:in std_logic;rst:in std_logic;T:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);Y:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);col,row:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);led0,led1,led2:out std_logic:='0');end;architecture bhv of taxi issignal count:integer range 0 to 499999999;signal km_clk,sec_clk,en:std_logic;signal c1,c2,tt:integer range 0 to 99;signal await,mile,cost:integer range 0 to 99;signal await_s,await_g,mile_s,mile_g,cost_s,cost_g:integer range 0 to 9; signal q:integer range 0 to 9;signal c:std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);signal clk25000:std_logic;signal temp:integer range 0 to 24999;signal rst_clk,start_clk,waiting_clk:std_logic:='0';signal rst1,start1,waiting1:std_logic:='0';signal fd_delay:integer range 0 to 250000;signal waiting_time:integer range 0 to 99;beginu0:process(clk,rst,start,waiting)--防抖动beginif(clk'event and clk='1') thenif rst='1' thenfd_delay<=fd_delay+1;if fd_delay=125000 thenrst1<='1';led0<='1';fd_delay<=fd_delay;else rst1<='0';led0<='0';end if;elsif start='1' thenfd_delay<=fd_delay+1;if fd_delay=125000 thenstart1<='1';fd_delay<=fd_delay;else start1<='0';end if;elsif waiting='1' thenfd_delay<=fd_delay+1;if fd_delay=125000 thenwaiting1<='1';fd_delay<=fd_delay;else waiting1<='0';end if;else fd_delay<=0;end if;end if;end process;U1:process(rst1,start1,waiting1)--实现按键beginif start1 'event and start1='1' thenif start_clk='1' thenstart_clk<='0';led1<='0';else start_clk<='1';led1<='1';end if;end if;if waiting1'event and waiting1='1' thenif waiting_clk='1'thenwaiting_clk<='0';led2<='0';else waiting_clk<='1';led2<='1';end if;end if;end process;u2:process(rst1,clk)beginif clk'event and clk='1' thenif rst1='0' thenif count=49999999 then --两秒钟一公里count<=0;km_clk<='1';sec_clk<='1';elsif count=24999999 then --一秒钟count<=count+1;km_clk<='0';sec_clk<='1';elsecount<=count+1;km_clk<='0';sec_clk<='0';end if;end if;end if;end process;U3:process(rst1,start_clk,waiting_clk,km_clk) --里程计数beginif rst1='1' thenmile<=0; --按下“rst”后数字清零elsif start_clk='0' thenmile<=mile; --按下“start/stop”后显示总里程elsif waiting_clk='1' thenmile<=mile;elsif km_clk'event and km_clk='1' thenif mile=99 thenmile<=0;elsemile<=mile+1;end if;end if;end process;U4:process(rst1,start_clk,waiting_clk,sec_clk) --等待时间计数beginif rst1='1' thenawait<=0;waiting_time<=0; --按下“rst”后数字清零elsif start_clk='0' thenawait<=await;elsif waiting_clk='0' thenawait<=0;en<='1';elsif sec_clk ' event and sec_clk='1' thenif await=99 thenawait<=0;elseawait<=await+1;waiting_time<=waiting_time+1;end if;en<='0'; --等待状态end if;U5:process(rst1,start_clk,waiting_clk,en) --费用计算beginif rst1='1' thencost<=0;c1<=0;c2<=0;tt<=0; --按下“rst”后数字清零elsif start_clk='0' thencost<=cost;c1<=c1;c2<=c2;tt<=tt;elseif waiting_clk='1' then --等待费用if await>=5 then --等待时间超过5s每三秒加收一元c1<=(await-5)/3;elsec1<=0;end if;elseif en'event and en='1' then --运行状态tt<=tt+c1;c1<=0;end if;if mile>=5 thenc2<=13+2*(mile-5); --超过5 公里部分，以每公里2 元收费elsec2<=13;end if;end if;cost<=c1+c2+1+tt; --再加收一元燃油费end if;end process;u6:process(clk)beginawait_s <= await/10;await_g <= await MOD 10;mile_s <= mile/10;mile_g <= mile MOD 10;cost_s <= cost/10;cost_g <= cost MOD 10;if(clk'event and clk='1')thenif(temp=24999)thentemp<=0;clk25000<='1';elsetemp<=temp+1;clk25000<='0';end if;if(clk25000 'event and clk25000 ='1')thenif(c="101")thenc<="000";elsec<=c+"001";end if;if(start_clk='1') thencase c iswhen "101"=>q<=cost_s;when "000"=>q<=cost_g;when "001"=>q<=mile_s;when "010"=>q<=mile_g;when "011"=>q<=await_s;when "100"=>q<=await_g;when others=>null;end case;case c iswhen "000"=>T<="011111";when "001"=>T<="101111";when "010"=>T<="110111";when "011"=>T<="111011";when "100"=>T<="111101";when "101"=>T<="111110";when others=>T<="111111";end case;case q iswhen 0 =>Y<="0111111";when 1 =>Y<="0000110";when 2 =>Y<="1011011";when 3 =>Y<="1001111";when 4 =>Y<="1100110";when 5 =>Y<="1101101";when 6 =>Y<="1111101";when 7 =>Y<="0000111";when 8 =>Y<="1111111";when 9 =>Y<="1101111";when others=>Y<="ZZZZZZZ";end case;case c iswhen"000"=>col<= "11111111";row<="10111111"; when"001"=>col<= "11111111";row<="11011111"; when"010"=>col<= "11000011";row<="11101111"; when"011"=>col<= "11000011";row<="11110111"; when"100"=>col<= "11111111";row<="11111011"; when"101"=>col<= "11111111";row<="11111101"; when others=>col<= "11111111";row<="11111111"; end case;elsecase c iswhen "101"=>q<=cost_s;when "000"=>q<=cost_g;when "001"=>q<=mile_s;when "010"=>q<=mile_g;when "011"=>q<=waiting_time/10;when "100"=>q<=waiting_time MOD 10;when others=>null;end case;case c iswhen "000"=>T<="011111";when "001"=>T<="101111";when "010"=>T<="110111";when "011"=>T<="111011";when "100"=>T<="111101";when "101"=>T<="111110";when others=>T<="111111";end case;case q iswhen 0 =>Y<="0111111";when 1 =>Y<="0000110";when 2 =>Y<="1011011";when 3 =>Y<="1001111";when 4 =>Y<="1100110";when 5 =>Y<="1101101";when 6 =>Y<="1111101";when 7 =>Y<="0000111";when 8 =>Y<="1111111";when 9 =>Y<="1101111";when others=>Y<="ZZZZZZZ";end case;case c iswhen"000"=>col<= "00011000";row<="10111111";when"001"=>col<= "00111100";row<="11011111";when"010"=>col<= "01111110";row<="11101111";when"011"=>col<= "01111110";row<="11110111";when"100"=>col<= "00111100";row<="11111011";when"101"=>col<= "00011000";row<="11111101";when others=>col<= "00011000";row<="11111111";end case;end if;end if;end process;end;。